A liquid-liquid interface observation system

Abstract

This application discloses a liquid-liquid interface observation system, comprising: a first injection pump, a second injection pump, a first syringe, a second syringe, an observation chip, and a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. The first injection pump is connected to a first end of the first syringe; the second end of the first syringe is connected to a first end of the observation chip via a three-way valve; the second end of the observation chip is connected to a first end of the second syringe via a three-way valve; the second end of the second syringe is connected to the second injection pump; the soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip. The first and second injection pumps provide driving force to control the flow rate of the sample injected into the observation chip by the first and second syringes, respectively, thereby forming a liquid-liquid interface in the observation chip. The soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is then used to observe the liquid-liquid interface formed in the observation chip to obtain microstructural information of the liquid-liquid interface. This application can more intuitively and accurately characterize the liquid-liquid interface structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of chip fabrication technology, and in particular to a liquid-liquid interface observation system. Background Technology

[0002] Many processes in nature occur at liquid-liquid interfaces. For example, liquid-liquid interfaces formed by immiscible liquids such as water and oil have unique structures that differ from solutions, which can bring many special properties and are widely used in materials synthesis, phase transfer catalysis, electrochemistry and drug delivery.

[0003] However, due to the relatively small size of the liquid-liquid interface, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution microscopic information of the liquid-liquid interface without damage, given the current measurement methods and accuracy. Currently, there are two methods for measuring the structure of the liquid-liquid interface: one is spectroscopic measurement methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, which can detect the position of the liquid-liquid interface and the concentration distribution on the interface. However, limited by the detection resolution and the applicability of spectroscopy, it is difficult to obtain intuitive and accurate information about the microstructure of the liquid-liquid interface. The other is microscopic measurement methods, such as using scanning ion conductivity microscopy (SICM) and nanoscale probes to measure the continuous change of ion current between two phases. This can obtain nanoscale precision information about the thickness of the liquid-liquid interface, but direct contact of the probe during the detection process introduces random errors, and the choice of liquid is also relatively limited.

[0004] Therefore, how to study various liquid-liquid interface structures more intuitively and accurately is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a liquid-liquid interface observation system that enables a more intuitive and accurate study of various liquid-liquid interface structures.

[0006] To address the above problems, the technical solutions provided in this application are as follows:

[0007] A liquid-liquid interface observation system, the system comprising: a first injection pump, a second injection pump, a first syringe, a second syringe, an observation chip, and a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device;

[0008] The first injection pump is connected to the first end of the first syringe; the second end of the first syringe is connected to the first end of the observation chip via a three-way valve; the second end of the observation chip is connected to the first end of the second syringe via a three-way valve; the second end of the second syringe is connected to the second injection pump; the soft X-ray microscopy device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip;

[0009] The first injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the first sample injected into the observation chip from the first syringe;

[0010] The second injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the second sample injected into the observation chip from the second syringe;

[0011] The observation chip is used to form a liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample;

[0012] The soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is used to observe the liquid-liquid interface formed by the observation chip.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the observation chip includes: a top layer, a microfluidic channel layer, a regulation and detection layer, and a bottom layer;

[0014] The top layer, the microfluidic channel layer, the regulation and detection layer, and the bottom layer are connected in sequence;

[0015] The top layer is etched from left to right with a first inlet groove, a first observation window, and a second inlet groove, with the first observation window etched at the geometric center of the top layer. The first end of the first inlet groove is connected via a hose to a three-way valve connected to the first syringe. The second end of the second inlet groove is connected via a hose to a three-way valve connected to the second syringe. The first observation window is used to display the liquid-liquid interface. The top layer is used to bond with the bottom layer to form a closed system. The liquid-liquid interface is the liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample.

[0016] The geometric center of the microfluidic channel layer is etched with a first liquid pool, a second liquid pool, and a microchannel; the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool are connected through the microchannel; the microchannel is aligned with the first observation window; the first liquid pool is aligned with the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is aligned with the second inlet groove; the first liquid pool is used to hold the first sample conveyed by the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is used to hold the second sample conveyed by the second inlet groove; the microfluidic channel layer is used to control the flow of the first sample and the second sample;

[0017] The control and detection layer is used to control external parameters;

[0018] The bottom layer has a second observation window etched at its geometric center; the second observation window is aligned with the first observation window to allow light to pass through and to display the liquid-liquid interface; the bottom layer is used to bond with the top layer to form a closed system.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the regulation and detection layer includes: an electric field control module, a temperature regulation module, and a temperature measurement module;

[0020] The temperature control module is connected to the temperature measurement module;

[0021] An electric field control module is used to control the directional movement of the first sample and / or the second sample;

[0022] A temperature control module is used to control the temperature changes of the observation chip;

[0023] The temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature of the temperature control module.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the system further includes: a first waste liquid bottle and a second waste liquid bottle;

[0025] The first waste liquid bottle is connected to the first syringe; the second waste liquid bottle is connected to the second syringe;

[0026] The first waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid produced by the second syringe;

[0027] The second waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid generated by the first syringe.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the first sample in the first syringe and the second sample in the second syringe are immiscible.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the temperature measuring module is a thin-film thermocouple made of silver and nickel with a diameter of 100-300 nanometers.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the system further includes: a sample holder;

[0031] The sample holder is used to support the observation chip.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the sample holder is placed in a high vacuum environment.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This application provides a liquid-liquid interface observation system, comprising: a first injection pump, a second injection pump, a first syringe, a second syringe, an observation chip, and a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. The first injection pump is connected to a first end of the first syringe; the second end of the first syringe is connected to a first end of the observation chip via a three-way valve; the second end of the observation chip is connected to a first end of the second syringe via a three-way valve; the second end of the second syringe is connected to the second injection pump; the soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip. The first injection pump provides driving force to control the flow rate of a first sample injected into the observation chip from the first syringe. The second injection pump provides driving force to control the flow rate of a second sample injected into the observation chip from the second syringe. The observation chip then forms a liquid-liquid interface between the first and second samples, and the liquid-liquid interface structure is obtained by observing the liquid-liquid interface formed by the observation chip using the soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. This application combines microfluidics technology with soft X-ray microscopy imaging technology, controlling the transport of two-phase liquids by constructing a micrometer-level structure, achieving a more intuitive and accurate characterization of the liquid-liquid interface structure. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a liquid-liquid interface observation system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a soft X-ray measurement of a liquid-liquid interface provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 A soft X-ray imaging image of a liquid-liquid interface provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Many processes in nature occur at liquid-liquid interfaces. For example, liquid-liquid interfaces formed by immiscible liquids such as water and oil have unique structures that differ from solutions, which can bring many special properties and are widely used in materials synthesis, phase transfer catalysis, electrochemistry and drug delivery.

[0041] However, due to the relatively small size of the liquid-liquid interface, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution microscopic information of the liquid-liquid interface without damage, given the current measurement methods and accuracy. Currently, there are two methods for measuring the structure of the liquid-liquid interface: one is spectroscopic measurement methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, which can detect the position of the liquid-liquid interface and the concentration distribution on the interface. However, limited by the detection resolution and the applicability of spectroscopy, it is difficult to obtain intuitive and accurate information about the microstructure of the liquid-liquid interface. The other is microscopic measurement methods, such as using scanning ion conductivity microscopy (SICM) and nanoscale probes to measure the continuous change of ion current between two phases. This can obtain nanoscale precision information about the thickness of the liquid-liquid interface, but direct contact of the probe during the detection process introduces random errors, and the choice of liquid is also relatively limited.

[0042] To address this issue, this application provides a liquid-liquid interface observation system, comprising: a first injection pump, a second injection pump, a first syringe, a second syringe, an observation chip, and an X-ray microscopy imaging device. The first injection pump is connected to a first end of the first syringe, and the second end of the first syringe is connected to the first end of the observation chip via a three-way valve. The second end of the observation chip is connected to the first end of the second syringe via a three-way valve, and the second end of the second syringe is connected to the second injection pump. The X-ray microscopy imaging device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip. The first injection pump provides driving force to control the flow rate of the first sample injected into the observation chip from the first syringe, and the second injection pump provides driving force to control the flow rate of the second sample injected into the observation chip from the second syringe. The observation chip is then used to form a liquid-liquid interface between the first and second samples. The liquid-liquid interface formed by the observation chip is then observed using a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. This application combines microfluidics technology with soft X-ray microscopy imaging technology, controlling the transport of two-phase liquids by constructing a micrometer-level structure, achieving a more intuitive and accurate characterization of the liquid-liquid interface structure.

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] See Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a liquid-liquid interface observation system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 The structure shown includes a first injection pump 110, a first syringe 120, an observation chip 130, a second syringe 140, a second injection pump 150, and an X-ray microscopy imaging device. The first injection pump 110 is connected to a first end of the first syringe 120; the second end of the first syringe 120 is connected to a first end of the observation chip 130 via a three-way valve; the second end of the observation chip 130 is connected to a first end of the second syringe 140 via a three-way valve; the second end of the second syringe 140 is connected to the second injection pump 150; and the X-ray microscopy imaging device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip 130.

[0045] The first injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the first sample injected into the observation chip from the first syringe.

[0046] The second injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the second sample injected into the observation chip from the second syringe.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the first sample in the first syringe and the second sample in the second syringe are immiscible.

[0048] The observation chip is used to form the liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the observation chip includes: a top layer, a microfluidic channel layer, a regulation and detection layer, and a bottom layer.

[0050] The top layer, the microfluidic channel layer, the regulation and detection layer, and the bottom layer are connected in sequence.

[0051] The top layer is etched from left to right with a first inlet groove, a first observation window, and a second inlet groove, with the first observation window etched at the geometric center of the top layer. The first end of the first inlet groove is connected to a three-way valve connected to the first syringe via a hose. The second end of the second inlet groove is connected to a three-way valve connected to the second syringe via a hose. The first observation window is used to display the liquid-liquid interface. The top layer is used to bond with the bottom layer to form a closed system. The liquid-liquid interface is the liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample.

[0052] The top layer is made of silicon wafers with a 100-nanometer silicon nitride film grown on them. A first observation window for soft X-ray beam penetration is etched in the middle of the silicon wafer.

[0053] The geometric center of the microfluidic channel layer is etched with a first liquid pool, a second liquid pool, and a microchannel; the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool are connected through the microchannel; the microchannel is aligned with the first observation window; the first liquid pool is aligned with the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is aligned with the second inlet groove; the first liquid pool is used to hold the first sample conveyed by the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is used to hold the second sample conveyed by the second inlet groove; the microfluidic channel layer is used to control the flow of the first sample and the second sample.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the height of the microfluidic channel layer does not exceed 10 micrometers, thereby ensuring that soft X-rays have a high penetration capability for aqueous liquids. Based on the huge difference in the absorption of soft X-rays by water and organic matter, the interface between water and organic solutions can be clearly observed.

[0055] The regulation and detection layer is used to regulate external parameters.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the regulation and detection layer includes: an electric field control module, a temperature regulation module, and a temperature measurement module.

[0057] The temperature control module is connected to the temperature measurement module.

[0058] An electric field control module is used to control the directional movement of the first sample and / or the second sample.

[0059] The electric field control module can alter the direction and velocity of movement of the basic fluid or charged particles within the fluid by applying different voltages and frequencies. By adjusting the strength and direction of the electric field, it controls the particle's direction, velocity, and position, thus providing orientation guidance for the first and / or second samples.

[0060] A temperature control module is used to control the temperature changes of the observation chip.

[0061] The temperature control module can adjust the temperature of the first sample and / or the second sample to the sensitive temperature. The sensitive temperature can be, but is not limited to, the temperature at which a liquid or a temperature-sensitive substance in a liquid undergoes a morphological change. This application does not specifically limit the sensitive temperature.

[0062] The temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature of the temperature control module.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the temperature measurement module is a thin-film thermocouple made of silver and nickel with a diameter of 100-300 nanometers.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a sample holder for holding the observation chip.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the sample holder is placed in a high vacuum environment.

[0066] During imaging with a soft X-ray microscopy system, soft X-rays irradiate the chip on the sample holder, passing through the first and second observation windows of the chip and then through a zone plate to reach the detector for imaging. The entire imaging process occurs in a high-vacuum environment; therefore, the cavity must be evacuated after the sample holder carrying the observation chip is installed inside the chamber. Simultaneously, the electric field control module and temperature control module need to extend electrodes, which are connected to the sample holder via leads. After the observation chip is installed on the sample holder at the station, and a stable liquid-liquid interface is observed at the detection window using an optical microscope (i.e., the microstructure at the observation window position is not flowing), the liquid-liquid interface can be observed using the soft X-ray microscopy system.

[0067] The bottom layer has a second observation window etched at its geometric center; the second observation window is aligned with the first observation window to allow light to pass through and to display the liquid-liquid interface; the bottom layer is used to bond with the top layer to form a closed system.

[0068] The bottom layer is also made of silicon wafers, on which a 100-nanometer silicon nitride film is grown. A second observation window that can be used for soft X-ray beam penetration is etched in the middle of the silicon wafer.

[0069] The soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is used to observe the liquid-liquid interface formed by the observation chip.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a soft X-ray measurement of a liquid-liquid interface provided in an embodiment of this application. X-rays are first incident into a focusing capillary 210, which focuses the X-rays into a spot at the center of the chip's observation window. The focused X-rays then pass through the sample (the center of the observation window of the observation chip 130) and are incident on an imaging zone plate 220. The imaging zone plate 220 magnifies and images the interface structure information at the center of the observation chip 130. A CCD detector 230 collects and records the image information magnified by the imaging zone plate 220, thereby obtaining the liquid-liquid interface. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A soft X-ray imaging image of a liquid-liquid interface provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0071] Soft X-ray microscopy is a high-resolution, non-destructive testing technique that can provide nanometer-resolution three-dimensional structural information of samples. In the "water window" band of soft X-rays (284 eV-530 eV), water and organic matter exhibit significant differences in their absorption of soft X-rays. Utilizing the natural contrast between water and organic solutions to image the interface region not only easily obtains intuitive structural information of the liquid-liquid interface at nanometer resolution, but also allows for the calculation of density distribution information at the interface through linear absorption coefficients, making it highly suitable for characterizing liquid-liquid interface structures.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the system further includes: a first waste liquid bottle and a second waste liquid bottle.

[0073] The first waste liquid bottle is connected to the first syringe; the second waste liquid bottle is connected to the second syringe.

[0074] The first waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid generated by the second syringe.

[0075] For example, suppose the first sample is water and the second sample is n-hexanol. Set the three-way valve at the first end of the first syringe filled with water to connect the waste bottle to the first end of the first inlet tank. Set the three-way valve at the first end of the second syringe filled with n-hexanol to connect the second syringe to the second end of the second inlet tank. Turn on the second injection pump and inject n-hexanol into the second inlet tank at a flow rate of 0.2 ml / h until n-hexanol flows out of the outlet of the waste bottle connected to the three-way valve at the front end of the first syringe. Then turn off the second injection pump.

[0076] The second waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid generated by the first syringe.

[0077] For example, suppose the first sample is water and the second sample is hexanol. Set the three-way valve at the first end of the first syringe filled with water to connect the first syringe to the first inlet tank. Set the three-way valve at the first end of the second syringe filled with hexanol to connect the second syringe to the second waste bottle. Turn on the first injection pump and inject water into the first inlet tank at a flow rate of 1 ml per hour until all the sealed gas in the channel and pipe is completely expelled. Then turn off the first injection pump.

[0078] This application provides a liquid-liquid interface observation system, including: a first injection pump 110, a first syringe 120, an observation chip 130, a second syringe 140, a second injection pump 150, and a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. The first injection pump 110 is connected to a first end of the first syringe 120, and the second end of the first syringe 120 is connected to a first end of the observation chip 130 via a three-way valve. The second end of the observation chip 130 is connected to a first end of the second syringe 140 via a three-way valve, and the second end of the second syringe 140 is connected to the second injection pump 150. The soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip 130. The flow rate of the first sample injected into the observation chip 130 from the first syringe 120 is controlled by the driving force of the first injection pump 110; the flow rate of the second sample injected into the observation chip 130 from the second syringe 140 is controlled by the driving force provided by the second injection pump 150, thereby forming a liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample on the observation chip 130. The liquid-liquid interface formed on the observation chip 130 is then observed using the soft X-ray microscopy imaging device. This application combines microfluidics with soft X-ray microscopy to control the transport of two-phase liquids by constructing micron-level structures, thereby achieving a more intuitive and accurate characterization of the liquid-liquid interface structure.

[0079] The liquid-liquid interface observation system provided in this application has been described in detail above. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

[0080] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0081] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0082] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0083] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A liquid-liquid interface observation system, characterized in that, The system includes: a first injection pump, a second injection pump, a first syringe, a second syringe, an observation chip, and a soft X-ray microscopy imaging device; The first injection pump is connected to the first end of the first syringe; the second end of the first syringe is connected to the first end of the observation chip via a three-way valve; the second end of the observation chip is connected to the first end of the second syringe via a three-way valve; the second end of the second syringe is connected to the second injection pump; the soft X-ray microscopy device is aligned with the geometric center of the observation chip; The first injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the first sample injected into the observation chip from the first syringe; The second injection pump is used to provide driving force to control the flow rate of the second sample injected into the observation chip from the second syringe; The observation chip is used to form a liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample; The soft X-ray microscopy imaging device is used to observe the liquid-liquid interface formed by the observation chip; The observation chip includes: a top layer, a microfluidic channel layer, a regulation and detection layer, and a bottom layer; The top layer, the microfluidic channel layer, the regulation and detection layer, and the bottom layer are connected in sequence; The top layer is etched from left to right with a first inlet groove, a first observation window, and a second inlet groove, with the first observation window etched at the geometric center of the top layer. The first end of the first inlet groove is connected via a hose to a three-way valve connected to the first syringe. The second end of the second inlet groove is connected via a hose to a three-way valve connected to the second syringe. The first observation window is used to display the liquid-liquid interface. The top layer is used to bond with the bottom layer to form a closed system. The liquid-liquid interface is the liquid-liquid interface between the first sample and the second sample. The geometric center of the microfluidic channel layer is etched with a first liquid pool, a second liquid pool, and a microchannel; the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool are connected through the microchannel; the microchannel is aligned with the first observation window; the first liquid pool is aligned with the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is aligned with the second inlet groove; the first liquid pool is used to hold the first sample conveyed by the first inlet groove; the second liquid pool is used to hold the second sample conveyed by the second inlet groove; the microfluidic channel layer is used to control the flow of the first sample and the second sample; The control and detection layer is used to control external parameters; The bottom layer has a second observation window etched at its geometric center; the second observation window is aligned with the first observation window to allow light to pass through and to display the liquid-liquid interface; the bottom layer is used to bond with the top layer to form a closed system.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation and detection layer includes: an electric field control module, a temperature regulation module, and a temperature measurement module; The temperature control module is connected to the temperature measurement module; An electric field control module is used to control the directional movement of the first sample and / or the second sample; A temperature control module is used to control the temperature changes of the observation chip; The temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature of the temperature control module.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: a first waste liquid bottle and a second waste liquid bottle; The first waste liquid bottle is connected to the first syringe; the second waste liquid bottle is connected to the second syringe; The first waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid produced by the second syringe; The second waste bottle is used to collect the waste liquid generated by the first syringe.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sample in the first syringe and the second sample in the second syringe are immiscible.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature measuring module is a thin-film thermocouple made of silver and nickel with a diameter of 100-300 nanometers.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: a sample rack; The sample holder is used to support the observation chip.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sample holder is placed in a high vacuum environment.

Images