Method and device for detecting bubbles in heavy water, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for detecting bubbles in heavy water, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining an absorption spectrum and a single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample; determining a first concentration of the heavy water sample based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; determining a first spectrum feature corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectrum feature represents a wave number range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of a standard heavy water sample with the first concentration; the ordinate of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance; and determining whether the heavy water sample contains bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the first spectrum feature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed flow control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for detecting air bubbles in heavy water. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy water is primarily used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors, and its concentration directly affects the safety and performance of the reactor. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor and the health of relevant personnel, the concentration of heavy water must be accurately quantified. Currently, infrared absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to quantify heavy water concentration. However, the presence of air bubbles in the heavy water, especially if these bubbles are located in the path of the incident light, can affect the accuracy of the quantification. Related techniques involve visually inspecting the liquid pool filled with heavy water to ensure the presence of air bubbles. However, when the bubbles are very small and located at the edge of the liquid pool, they can easily be misidentified, leading to inaccurate heavy water quantification. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, with the aim of effectively detecting air bubbles in heavy water.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0007] Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, the first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined;

[0008] Determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance.

[0009] Based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0010] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum and the characteristics of the first spectral image of the heavy water sample includes:

[0011] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0012] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0013] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum and the characteristics of the first spectral image of the heavy water sample includes:

[0014] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0015] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0016] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum and the characteristics of the first spectral image of the heavy water sample includes:

[0017] Determine whether the intensities of all spectral peaks within the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are 0.

[0018] If the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample is not all 0, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0019] In the above scheme, the method further includes:

[0020] Obtain single-beam spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations;

[0021] Determine the wavenumber range of the spectral peak with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum corresponding to each concentration.

[0022] In the above scheme, determining the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on its absorption spectrum includes:

[0023] Obtain the first absorption spectrum features; the first absorption spectrum features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0024] The first absorption spectrum features are matched with the absorption spectrum features corresponding to each concentration;

[0025] The first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined based on the matching results.

[0026] In the above scheme, the standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, the device comprising:

[0028] The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of heavy water samples;

[0029] The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0030] The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance.

[0031] The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image.

[0032] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory is used to store a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to execute the steps of the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0033] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium, comprising: the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0034] This invention acquires the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample. Based on the absorption spectrum, a first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined. A first spectral feature corresponding to the first concentration is determined. This first spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample at the first concentration. The vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum represents intensity, which is proportional to spectral transmittance. Based on the single-beam spectrum and the first spectral feature, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. This embodiment can automatically identify air bubbles in heavy water based on the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum, eliminating the need for manual visual identification, avoiding missed detections, improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection, and providing assistance for accurate quantification of heavy water concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an absorption spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-beam spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided by an application embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Heavy water is primarily used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors, and its concentration directly affects the safety and performance of the reactor. During reactor operation, many processes involve the quantitative determination of heavy water concentration.

[0043] Even a trace leak of heavy water in the process system can degrade the quality of the concentrated heavy water. Although various safety devices are used in reactor processes to suppress heavy water leakage, trace amounts of heavy water will inevitably leak during normal reactor operation. This leakage mainly occurs through seals, valves, pipes, and steam generators, with a smaller portion leaking during refueling through feeders, terminal components, and seals. In addition to normal heavy water loss, reactor system degradation and malfunctions caused by corrosion and cracks in reactor components can also lead to heavy water leakage in heavy water reactors.

[0044] Heavy water leaks in the process system can not only cause reactor shutdown but also release radioactive materials into the external environment, threatening human health. Accurate monitoring of heavy water leaks is essential to ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor and the health of personnel involved.

[0045] Heavy water leakage leads to a decrease in heavy water concentration. Currently, methods for quantifying heavy water concentration mainly include infrared absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, density method, refractive index method, and off-axis integrating cavity output spectroscopy. Among these, mass spectrometry has a long analysis cycle (requiring the liquid heavy water to be converted into a gas first), expensive equipment, and a narrow analytical range (significant memory effect when the heavy water concentration is greater than 1%). Density index method is affected by ¹⁸O and impurity ions in the water. When using refractive index method, even small temperature fluctuations can affect the measurement results. When using off-axis integrating cavity output spectroscopy, the optical path is easily affected by external factors. Infrared absorption spectroscopy has many advantages, such as simple operation, small sample volume, and non-destructive nature, and is commonly used in reactor technology to measure heavy water concentration.

[0046] The basic principle of using infrared absorption spectroscopy to quantify heavy water is the Lambert-Beer theorem. By establishing a curve showing the relationship between absorbance and heavy water concentration based on heavy water standard samples, the concentration of unknown heavy water samples can be quantified.

[0047] At wavenumber υ, absorbance A is related to incident light intensity I0 and transmitted light intensity I. t The relationship between them is:

[0048]

[0049] At wavenumber υ, the relationship between absorbance A and water molecule concentration C in heavy water is as follows (where ε and b are constants):

[0050]

[0051] heavy water concentration a D The relationship between water molecules D2O and HDO in heavy water is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] A spectrometer measures infrared light at certain wavelengths from a sample. Unabsorbed light reaches the detector, which converts the detected light signal from analog to digital and then performs a Fourier transform to obtain the single-beam spectrum of the sample.

[0054] When air bubbles are present in a liquid pool containing heavy water and are located in the path of incident light, on the one hand, the bubbles cause refraction and scattering of the incident light, reducing the intensity of the transmitted light and increasing the absorbance A measurement. On the other hand, the presence of bubbles reduces the number of water molecules interacting with the incident light, thus decreasing the absorbance A measurement. Both of these aspects demonstrate that air bubbles affect the accurate quantification of heavy water concentration.

[0055] To quickly obtain information on the heavy water concentration in the reactor, an online method is required for measurement. When using the online method, the heavy water sample flows directly from the nuclear reactor process system piping into the liquid cell of the infrared spectrometer for spectral scanning and data processing; the entire process is automated. However, if air bubbles are present in the liquid cell and located in the incident light path, the heavy water absorbance measurement will be affected, thus impacting the accurate quantification of the heavy water concentration.

[0056] In existing infrared absorption spectroscopy techniques for quantifying heavy water concentration, operators visually inspect the liquid pool filled with heavy water to ensure the presence of air bubbles. If the bubbles are very small and located at the edge of the liquid pool, they can easily be missed, leading to inaccurate heavy water quantification.

[0057] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned related technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, which can accurately identify air bubbles in heavy water. To illustrate the technical solution described in this invention, specific embodiments are described below.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation flow of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention. The execution subject of the method is an electronic device, including desktop computers, laptops, and servers. The server can be a physical device or a virtualized device deployed in the cloud. (Reference) Figure 1 Methods for detecting air bubbles in heavy water include:

[0059] S101, obtain the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0060] Infrared spectrometers can be used to scan the spectrum of heavy water samples to obtain absorption spectra and single-beam spectra.

[0061] Before scanning, the measurement parameters should be set, with the wavenumber range being as wide as possible and covering the characteristic absorption spectra of heavy water samples across all concentration ranges.

[0062] After scanning the background spectrum of the empty optical path, the liquid cell containing the heavy water sample is scanned to obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0063] After scanning the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, a background scan was performed directly on the heavy water sample to obtain a single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0064] Here, the horizontal axis of the absorption spectrum represents wavenumber, and the vertical axis represents absorbance. The horizontal axis of the single-beam spectrum represents wavenumber, and the vertical axis represents intensity. This intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance. The higher the transmittance, the less light is absorbed by the heavy water sample. When the intensity is 0, the transmittance is 0, indicating that the light is completely absorbed by the heavy water sample.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an absorption spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The three curves in the graph represent heavy water samples with the same concentration. The horizontal axis of the absorption spectrum represents wavenumber, and the vertical axis represents absorbance. Figure 2 It is evident that the flat-topped peaks of the spectral curve of bubble-free heavy water are more complete.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-beam spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The curves represent heavy water samples with the same concentration. The horizontal axis of the single-beam spectrum represents wavenumber, and the vertical axis represents intensity. Figure 3 It can be seen that the intensity of some spectral peaks in bubble-free heavy water is 0, indicating that the light is completely absorbed by the heavy water sample.

[0067] S102, Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, determine the first concentration of the heavy water sample.

[0068] In one embodiment, standard heavy water samples of various concentrations can be prepared in advance, and spectral scanning can be performed on the standard heavy water samples of various concentrations to obtain the absorption spectra of the standard heavy water samples of various concentrations.

[0069] Then, deep learning algorithms can be used to teach the model the correspondence between absorption spectra and concentrations, allowing the model to identify the corresponding heavy water concentration based on the absorption spectrum. Finally, the first concentration range to which the identified heavy water concentration belongs is determined.

[0070] The more standard heavy water samples of various concentrations there are, the better the model's recognition performance will be.

[0071] In one embodiment, determining the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on its absorption spectrum includes:

[0072] Obtain the first absorption spectrum features; the first absorption spectrum features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0073] The first absorption spectrum features are matched with the absorption spectrum features corresponding to each concentration;

[0074] The first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined based on the matching results.

[0075] On absorption spectra, sometimes the spectral peaks appear as straight lines for a period of time; this is called a flat-topped peak. Flat-topped peaks occur because the incident light is completely absorbed by heavy water within a certain wavenumber range, where the absorbance exceeds the instrument's detection range. Absorption spectra of heavy water without air bubbles show flat-topped peaks in multiple wavenumber ranges within the measured range.

[0076] Standard heavy water samples are heavy water samples without air bubbles. Standard heavy water samples of different concentrations are prepared in advance, and then the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples of each concentration are obtained. The wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak is obtained from the absorption spectra, and the wavenumber range of the flat-topped peak corresponding to each concentration is saved.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first absorption spectrum features are used to characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration. That is, the first absorption spectrum features include multiple wavenumber ranges.

[0078] Each concentration corresponds to a specific absorption spectrum feature, and the correspondence between each concentration and the absorption spectrum feature is pre-stored.

[0079] The first absorption spectrum feature is matched with the absorption spectrum feature corresponding to each concentration. For example, the similarity between the first absorption spectrum feature and the absorption spectrum feature corresponding to each concentration can be calculated. The similarity is the matching result. The concentration with the highest similarity is selected as the first concentration of the heavy water sample.

[0080] S103, determine the first spectral feature corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is the intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance.

[0081] Since the vertical axis of a single-beam spectrum represents intensity, which is proportional to spectral transmittance, a value of 0 indicates zero transmittance, meaning the light is completely absorbed by the heavy water sample. Therefore, the wavenumber range with zero intensity in the single-beam spectrum corresponds one-to-one with the wavenumber range of flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum.

[0082] The reason why this embodiment uses the characteristics of a single-beam spectrum to determine whether there are bubbles in a heavy water sample, instead of an absorption spectrum, is that the maximum value of the vertical axis of the absorption spectrum output by different models of scanners is different, resulting in different absorbance values ​​for the flat-top peaks on the absorption spectrum. In contrast, the intensity of the area where the light is completely absorbed on the single-beam spectrum is constant at 0, making it easier to determine whether there are bubbles.

[0083] In this embodiment, a first spectral feature is used to characterize the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of a standard heavy water sample of a first concentration. In other words, the first spectral feature includes multiple wavenumber ranges. Each concentration corresponds to a spectral feature, and the correspondence between each concentration and the spectral feature is pre-stored.

[0084] Once the first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined, the first spectral characteristics corresponding to the first concentration can be determined.

[0085] S104, Based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image, determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0086] For example, the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample is obtained. This wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample is compared with the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature. If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, the wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 in both should correspond one-to-one. However, if the wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 in both do not correspond one-to-one (as long as one of the wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 does not correspond), then the heavy water sample can be considered to contain air bubbles.

[0087] For example, the intensity of the first spectral feature in the single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample is determined. If the intensity is all 0, it indicates that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles. If the intensity is not uniformly 0 in any wavenumber range, it indicates that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0088] In the single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample, the intensity of the single beam is 0 because the incident light is completely absorbed by the heavy water within a certain wavenumber range. Therefore, the presence or absence of bubbles can be identified by whether the intensity at the wavenumber where the original intensity was 0 increases.

[0089] It is worth noting that in the method of identifying bubbles using single-beam spectra, due to baseline noise, the ordinate of the single beam will fluctuate around 0 even if there are no bubbles in the heavy water. Therefore, in the process of identifying bubbles using single-beam spectra, the discriminant relationship should be set slightly larger than 0, and the specific value should be set according to the actual situation.

[0090] This invention acquires the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample. Based on the absorption spectrum, a first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined. A first spectral feature corresponding to the first concentration is determined. This first spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample at the first concentration. The vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum represents intensity, which is proportional to spectral transmittance. Based on the single-beam spectrum and the first spectral feature, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. This embodiment can automatically identify air bubbles in heavy water based on the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum, eliminating the need for manual visual identification, avoiding missed detections, improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection, and providing assistance for accurate quantification of heavy water concentration.

[0091] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0092] Obtain single-beam spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations;

[0093] Determine the wavenumber range of the spectral peak with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum corresponding to each concentration.

[0094] Prepare standard heavy water samples of various concentrations in advance, and ensure that the concentration intervals of the standard heavy water samples are uniform.

[0095] Heavy water standard samples of various concentrations were prepared using a gravimetric dilution method, with high-purity natural fresh water as the diluent. Generally speaking, the more detailed the sample data, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns reflected; therefore, the number of standard samples should be as large as reasonably possible.

[0096] Before obtaining the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample, the measurement parameters should be set, with the wavenumber range being as wide as possible to cover the characteristic absorption spectra of all heavy water samples. After scanning the background spectrum in the empty optical path, the sample is scanned in the liquid cell containing the standard heavy water sample to obtain the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample. Multiple parallel scans of the absorption spectrum for each standard heavy water sample are performed to ensure complete overlap of the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at the same concentration.

[0097] Record the wavenumber range of the spectral peak with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of standard heavy water samples of each concentration, that is, obtain the spectral characteristics corresponding to each concentration.

[0098] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image includes:

[0099] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0100] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0101] In the presence of air bubbles in a heavy water sample, the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 may become shorter. Therefore, if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0102] If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, then the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature and the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature are in one-to-one correspondence, that is, the corresponding wavenumber ranges are the same.

[0103] Here it is assumed that the number of wavenumber ranges represented by the first spectral feature and the second spectral feature is the same. The wavenumber ranges in the two features are compared pairwise according to a set order (e.g. from left to right in the single beam spectrum). If the wavenumber ranges correspond one-to-one, it is determined that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles.

[0104] If one wavenumber range does not correspond, that is, the wavenumber ranges are different, then the heavy water sample is determined to contain air bubbles.

[0105] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image includes:

[0106] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0107] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0108] Here, the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is the same as the number of wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration. Similarly, the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature is the same as the number of wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0109] If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, then the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature and the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature are the same, that is, the number of wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 is the same. However, the same number of wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 does not necessarily mean that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles.

[0110] In the presence of air bubbles in a heavy water sample, the number of wavenumber ranges with an intensity of 0 may increase. Therefore, the presence of air bubbles in a heavy water sample can be detected based on the number of wavenumber ranges. If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0111] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image includes:

[0112] Determine whether the intensities of all spectral peaks within the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are 0.

[0113] If the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample is not all 0, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0114] If all intensities are 0, it indicates that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles. If the intensity is not uniformly 0 within any wavenumber range, the heavy water sample is confirmed to contain air bubbles.

[0115] All three methods described above can be used to determine whether a heavy water sample contains air bubbles, eliminating the need for manual visual inspection and improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection.

[0116] In another embodiment, a curve relating heavy water concentration to absorbance is pre-established, where absorbance can be represented by peak height or peak area. When fitting the relationship between absorbance and concentration, the wavenumber position where absorbance changes most with concentration should be selected.

[0117] Each concentration corresponds to an absorption spectrum. In this embodiment, a preset wavenumber can be set for each concentration. The preset wavenumber represents the position of the largest change in absorbance in the absorption spectrum corresponding to that concentration. For example, the preset wavenumber for a 99% concentration is 3410 cm⁻¹. -1 Obtain the absorbance corresponding to the set wavenumber in the absorption spectrum, and use it as the absorbance corresponding to that concentration in the relationship curve.

[0118] In this way, the correspondence between each concentration and absorbance can be obtained, and a curve showing the relationship between concentration and absorbance can be plotted based on each concentration and its corresponding absorbance.

[0119] The above method can be used to identify air bubbles during online measurement of heavy water concentration. Offline measurement involves manually retrieving heavy water samples from the system and taking them to the laboratory for analysis. Online measurement involves the heavy water sample automatically flowing into the instrument through a pipeline. The following is an application example of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided by this invention, which includes:

[0120] S1, scan the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample.

[0121] S1.1, prepare a 99-100 mol% standard heavy water sample.

[0122] Standard heavy water samples of various concentrations were prepared using a gravimetric dilution method, with high-purity natural fresh water as the diluent. Generally speaking, the more detailed the sample data, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns reflected. Therefore, the number of standard samples should be as large as possible, and the concentration intervals of the standard samples should be uniform.

[0123] S1.2, Scan the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample.

[0124] Before obtaining the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample, the measurement parameters should be set, with the wavenumber range being as wide as possible to cover the characteristic absorption spectra of heavy water samples across all concentration ranges. After scanning the background spectrum in the empty optical path, the liquid cell containing the heavy water sample is scanned to obtain the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample. The absorption spectrum of each standard heavy water sample is scanned three times in parallel to ensure complete overlap of the absorption spectra at the same concentration.

[0125] After each scan of the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample, a background scan is performed directly on the sample to obtain a single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample.

[0126] S2, Single-beam spectrum of a standard heavy water sample containing air bubbles.

[0127] S2.1, Scan the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water standard sample containing air bubbles.

[0128] After loading the heavy water standard sample into the liquid cell, a small amount of air is injected into the liquid cell using a syringe. After sealing both ends of the liquid cell, it is placed in the sample chamber of an infrared spectrometer to scan the background spectrum of the sample, thus obtaining a single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample containing air bubbles.

[0129] S2.2, change the position, size or shape of the bubble, and repeat S2.1.

[0130] Generally speaking, the more spectra a standard heavy water sample containing bubbles at the same concentration has, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns it reflects. Therefore, it is necessary to change the position, size, or shape of the bubbles multiple times to scan the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample containing bubbles at the same concentration.

[0131] S3, Extract heavy water spectral features containing air bubbles.

[0132] S3.1, Compare the differences in single-beam spectra with and without bubbles.

[0133] All single-beam spectra obtained from standard heavy water samples of the same concentration with and without air bubbles were compared within the same spectral window, and the spectral features of the single-beam spectra containing air bubbles were extracted. The comparison revealed that when the heavy water sample contained air bubbles, at least one location in the single-beam spectrum that was originally at zero intensity experienced an increase in intensity. For normal heavy water single-beam spectra, there were multiple wavenumber ranges with zero intensity.

[0134] S3.2, record the position where the single beam spectral intensity is 0 in the absence of bubbles.

[0135] Record the wavenumber ranges corresponding to all ordinates being 0 in the single-beam spectrum of heavy water under bubble-free conditions.

[0136] In the single-beam spectrum of a heavy water sample, the intensity of the single beam is zero because the incident light is completely absorbed by the heavy water within a certain wavenumber range. Therefore, the presence or absence of bubbles can be identified by whether the intensity at the wavenumber where the original intensity was zero increases. It is worth noting that in the method of identifying bubbles using single-beam spectra, due to baseline noise, even if the heavy water does not contain bubbles, the ordinate of the single beam at the wavenumber position corresponding to the flat-top peak in the absorption spectrum will only fluctuate around 0. Therefore, in the process of identifying bubbles using single-beam spectra, the discriminant value should be set slightly larger than 0, and the specific value should be set according to the actual situation.

[0137] S4, Bubble Recognition

[0138] S4.1, Establish an absorption spectroscopy analysis method.

[0139] An absorption spectroscopy analysis method was established using TQAnalyst EZ Edition software. Parameter settings are explained below:

[0140] Description – Select “Lambert-Beer Theorem”;

[0141] Component table – fill in “D2O (abbreviation D), range 99.00~100.00”;

[0142] Standard – You need to open the standard heavy water absorption spectrum and assign actual concentration values ​​to the file for each spectrum;

[0143] Region – Select “Peak Height” for analysis type, and “3410cm” for location. -1 (The analysis type and location information should be selected and set according to the specific circumstances.)

[0144] Further, click "Calibration" to view the fitted curve between heavy water concentration and absorbance. Since heavy water has three components—D₂O, HDO, and H₂O—the H₂ in high-concentration heavy water mainly exists in the form of HDO. Based on the principle that HDO has a quantitative relationship with infrared absorption, standard heavy water samples of different concentrations were used at 3410 cm⁻¹. -1 The absorbance was measured, and a curve showing the relationship between the heavy water concentration C and the absorbance A was fitted.

[0145] Once the absorption spectroscopy analysis method is established, it should be saved.

[0146] S4.2, Establish a single-beam spectral analysis method.

[0147] A single-spectral spectral analysis method was established using TQAnalyst EZ Edition software. Parameter settings are explained below:

[0148] Description – Select “measure only”;

[0149] Component table – fill in “D2O (abbreviation D), range 99.00~100.00”;

[0150] For the region analysis type, select "average value within wavenumber range". Set the position according to the wavenumber position corresponding to the flat-top peak in the heavy water absorption spectrum when there are no bubbles. Set as many rows of region parameters as there are flat-top peaks in the entire absorption spectrum.

[0151] Once the single-beam spectral analysis method is established, it is saved.

[0152] The absorption spectroscopy and single-beam spectroscopy methods are established here so that the data can be processed automatically by software later.

[0153] S4.3, develop an online quantitative method for heavy water concentration and a bubble recognition program.

[0154] An online quantitative measurement and bubble identification program for heavy water concentration was developed using Microsoft Basic macro programming software. The program should include two parts: heavy water concentration determination and bubble identification. Before measuring the heavy water concentration, the background spectrum of the empty optical path needs to be scanned and saved, and this background spectrum is used as the background for the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample. After scanning the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, the concentration of the heavy water sample is calculated by linking the absorption spectroscopy analysis method file. Furthermore, a single-beam spectral scan of the heavy water sample is performed to determine the presence or absence of bubbles. A report including the system date, time, measured concentration, and the presence or absence of bubbles is provided.

[0155] S4.4, online quantitative analysis of heavy water concentration and bubble identification.

[0156] Once the macro program file is started, the online quantitative analysis of heavy water concentration and bubble recognition will run automatically in a loop, and the final report will be displayed in real time.

[0157] As shown in Table 1 below, Table 1 presents the identification results of heavy water samples with a concentration of 99-100 mol%. The bubble identification accuracy rate was 99% for 100 heavy water samples in the 99-100 mol% range.

[0158]

[0159] Table 1

[0160] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an application embodiment of the present invention. The process includes:

[0161] Start -- Set Loop -- Experiment Settings -- Record System Date -- Scan Sample Absorption Spectrum -- Link Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis Method -- Calculate Heavy Water Sample Concentration -- Store Heavy Water Sample Concentration Results -- Scan Sample Single Beam Spectrum -- Link Single Beam Spectrum Analysis Method -- Determine Presence / Absence of Bubbles -- Report -- Clear Spectrum -- End Loop -- End.

[0162] The method involves using linked absorption spectroscopy to calculate the concentration of heavy water samples, and single-beam spectroscopy to determine the presence or absence of air bubbles. A report is provided, including the system date, time, measured concentration, and the presence or absence of air bubbles.

[0163] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0164] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0165] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0166] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0167] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes:

[0168] The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of heavy water samples;

[0169] The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0170] The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance.

[0171] The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image.

[0172] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0173] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0174] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0175] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0176] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0177] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0178] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0179] Determine whether the intensities of all spectral peaks within the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are 0.

[0180] If the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample is not all 0, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0181] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0182] The spectrum acquisition module is used to acquire single-beam spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations.

[0183] The fourth determination module is used to determine the wavenumber range of the spectral peaks with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum corresponding to each concentration.

[0184] In one embodiment, the first determining module is specifically used for:

[0185] Obtain the first absorption spectrum features; the first absorption spectrum features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0186] The first absorption spectrum features are matched with the absorption spectrum features corresponding to each concentration;

[0187] The first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined based on the matching results.

[0188] In one embodiment, the standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

[0189] In practical applications, the first determining module, the second determining module, the third determining module, and the acquisition module can be implemented by processors in electronic devices, such as central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0190] It should be noted that the heavy water bubble detection device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the modules described above. In practical applications, the above processing can be assigned to different modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different modules to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the heavy water bubble detection device and the heavy water bubble detection method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0191] The aforementioned device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water can be in the form of an image file. Once executed, this image file can run as a container or virtual machine to implement the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water described in this application. However, it is not limited to the image file format; any software implementation capable of achieving the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water described in this application is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0192] Based on the hardware implementation of the above program modules, and in order to implement the method of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device includes:

[0193] A communication interface enables information exchange with other devices, such as network devices.

[0194] The processor, connected to the communication interface, enables information interaction with other devices and, when running a computer program, executes the methods provided by one or more technical solutions on the electronic device side. The computer program is stored in memory.

[0195] The electronic device may include an infrared spectrometer, or an external infrared spectrometer.

[0196] Of course, in practical applications, the various components in an electronic device are coupled together through a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to achieve communication and connection between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, in... Figure 6 The general will label all buses as bus systems.

[0197] The aforementioned electronic devices can be in cluster form, such as a cloud computing platform. A cloud computing platform is a business model that uses computing virtualization, network virtualization, and storage virtualization technologies to organize multiple independent server physical hardware resources into a pool of resources. It is a software-defined resource structure based on the development of virtualization technology, which can provide resource capabilities in the form of virtual machines, containers, etc. By eliminating the fixed relationship between hardware and operating system, relying on network connectivity for unified resource scheduling, and then providing the required virtual resources and services, it is a new type of IT software delivery model with characteristics such as flexibility, elasticity, distributed nature, multi-tenancy, and on-demand.

[0198] Current cloud computing platforms support several service models:

[0199] SaaS (Software as a Service): Cloud computing platform users do not need to purchase software, but instead rent software deployed on the cloud computing platform. Users do not need to maintain the software, as the software service provider will manage and maintain the software in its entirety.

[0200] PaaS (Platform as a Service): Cloud computing platform users (usually software developers) can build new applications or extend existing applications on the architecture provided by the cloud computing platform without having to purchase development, quality control or production servers.

[0201] IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Cloud computing platforms provide data centers, infrastructure hardware and software resources via the Internet. Cloud computing platforms under the IaaS model can provide servers, operating systems, disk storage, databases and / or information resources.

[0202] The memory in this application embodiment is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device. Examples of such data include any computer program used to operate on the electronic device.

[0203] It is understood that memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); magnetic surface memory can be disk storage or magnetic tape storage. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), SyncLink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM). The memories described in the embodiments of this application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0204] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to a processor or implemented by a processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a DSP, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium, which is located in memory. The processor reads the program from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0205] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it implements the corresponding processes implemented by the electronic device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a storage medium, namely a computer storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium, such as a first memory storing a computer program, which can be executed by a processor of an electronic device to complete the steps described in the aforementioned method. The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM.

[0207] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, electronic devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0208] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0209] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0210] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0211] Alternatively, if the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0212] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0213] In addition, in this application example, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0214] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample; Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, the first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined; Determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance. Based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectrum, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. The step of determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum and the characteristics of the first spectral image of the heavy water sample includes: Obtain a second spectral feature; the second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Obtain a second spectral feature; the second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Determine whether the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample is all 0; if the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample is not all 0, determine that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

2. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain single-beam spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations; Determine the wavenumber range of the spectral peak with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum corresponding to each concentration.

3. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on its absorption spectrum includes: Obtain the first absorption spectrum features; the first absorption spectrum features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; The first absorption spectrum features are matched with the absorption spectrum features corresponding to each concentration; The first concentration of the heavy water sample is determined based on the matching results.

4. The detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

5. A device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum and single-beam spectrum of heavy water samples; The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration of the heavy water sample based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration; The first spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the standard heavy water sample of the first concentration; the vertical axis of the single-beam spectrum is intensity, and the intensity is proportional to the spectral transmittance. The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample and the characteristics of the first spectral image. The third determining module is specifically used for: acquiring the features of the second spectral map; The second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range where the intensity is 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Obtain the features of the second spectral map; The second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range with an intensity of 0 in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Determine whether the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample is all 0; if the intensity of the spectral peaks in the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the single-beam spectrum of the heavy water sample is not all 0, determine that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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