Phase shifters, antennas and electronic equipment

Abstract

This invention provides a phase shifter, antenna, and electronic device, belonging to the field of microwave communication technology. The phase shifter disclosed herein includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a tunable dielectric layer disposed opposite to each other. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate and a first electrode. The first electrode includes a first main structure and a plurality of first branch structures. Each of the plurality of first branch structures includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate and a second electrode. The second electrode includes a second main structure and a plurality of second branch structures. Each of the plurality of second branch structures includes a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other. The orthographic projections of the second end and the fourth end of the first branch structure on the first dielectric substrate overlap, defining an overlapping region. The area of ​​one of the orthographic projections of the second end and the fourth end on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region, and the area of ​​the other is equal to the area of ​​the overlapping region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of microwave communication technology, specifically relating to a phase shifter, antenna, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Current liquid crystal phase shifter structures introduce periodic patch capacitors onto the upper glass substrate after the cell. The variable capacitance is adjusted by regulating the voltage difference applied to the two non-uniform metal plates to drive the liquid crystal molecules to deflect, resulting in different liquid crystal material properties, corresponding to variable capacitance values. Common surface waveguide (CPW) structures, because their ground and signal electrodes are in the same plane, are easier to design for interconnects and can eliminate the need for glass drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a phase shifter, antenna and electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a phase shifter, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein...

[0005] The first substrate includes: a first dielectric substrate, and a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the tunable dielectric layer; the first electrode includes a first main structure and a plurality of first branch structures; each of the plurality of first branch structures includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other, the first end being connected to the first main structure, and the plurality of first branch structures being arranged side by side along the extension direction of the first main structure;

[0006] The second substrate includes: a second dielectric substrate, and a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the tunable dielectric layer; the second electrode includes a second main structure and a plurality of second branch structures; each of the plurality of second branch structures includes a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other, the third end being connected to the second main structure, and the plurality of second branch structures being arranged side by side along the extension direction of the second main structure;

[0007] The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure and a fourth end of the second branch structure on the first dielectric substrate overlap, defining an overlapping region. The area of ​​one of the orthographic projections of the second end and the fourth end on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region, and the area of ​​the other is equal to the area of ​​the overlapping region.

[0008] The first electrode includes a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode, and both the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode include the first main structure and the first branch structure; the second branch structure is connected to both sides of the extension direction of the second main structure; the orthographic projection of the second main structure on the first dielectric substrate is located between the orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0009] Wherein, the areas of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures onto the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are identical; the minimum length of the second end of any first branch structure in the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the maximum length of the fourth end of any second branch structure in the extension direction of the first main structure; or...

[0010] The areas of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures onto the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same; the minimum length of the fourth end of any second branch structure in the extension direction of the second main structure is greater than the maximum length of the second end of any first branch structure in the extension direction of the second main structure.

[0011] The areas of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same; the areas of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same.

[0012] The first branch structure further includes a first main body portion connected between the first end and the second end; the second branch structure further includes a second main body portion connected between the third end and the fourth end.

[0013] When the length of the first branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the length of the second branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure, a first opening is provided on the first branch structure, the first opening extending from the first main body portion to the second end portion, and all the first openings are located at the same position on the first branch structure; or...

[0014] When the length of the second branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the length of the first branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure, a second opening is provided on the second branch structure. The second opening extends from the second main body to the fourth end, and each of the second openings is in the same position on the second branch structure.

[0015] Wherein, the outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are the same, and the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are not equal; the outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are the same, and the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are not equal.

[0016] The first electrode includes two first branch structures with different projected areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely the first branch structure (a) and the first branch structure (b); the second electrode includes two second branch structures with different projected areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely the second branch structure (a) and the second branch structure (b).

[0017] The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure (a) and a fourth end of the second branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end of the first branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region.

[0018] The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure (b) and a fourth end of the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the fourth end of the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region.

[0019] Wherein, the orthographic projection area of ​​the first branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the orthographic projection area of ​​the first branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate; the orthographic projection area of ​​the second branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is less than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate.

[0020] The first branch structure further includes a first main body portion connected between the first end and the second end; the second branch structure further includes a second main body portion connected between the third end and the fourth end.

[0021] A first opening is provided on the first branch structure (a), the first opening extends from the first main body to the second end, and each of the first openings is in the same position on the first branch structure (a);

[0022] A second opening is provided on the second branch structure (b), the second opening extending from the second main body to the fourth end, and each of the second openings is in the same position on the second branch structure (b).

[0023] The second branch structure (a) and the second branch structure (b) located on the same side of the extension direction of the second main structure are alternately arranged.

[0024] The outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures and each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are identical.

[0025] The first branch structure and the second branch structure have different outlines when projected onto the first dielectric substrate; the first branch structure includes a first main body portion connected between a first end and a second end; the first main body portion includes a first connecting end and a second connecting end disposed opposite to each other.

[0026] For a first branch structure, the first connecting end is connected to the first end, the second connecting end is connected to the second end, and the length of the second end along the extension direction of the first main structure increases monotonically in the direction away from the first end, and the length of the second connecting end along the extension direction of the first main structure decreases monotonically in the direction away from the first end.

[0027] The second electrode further includes a first filling structure connected between adjacent second branch structures.

[0028] The first branch structure and the second branch structure have different outlines when projected onto the first dielectric substrate; the second branch structure further includes a second main body portion connected between the third end and the fourth end, and the second main body portion includes a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end disposed opposite to each other;

[0029] For a second branch structure, the third connecting end is connected to the third end, the fourth connecting end is connected to the fourth end, and the length of the fourth end along the extension direction of the first main structure increases monotonically in the direction away from the third end, and the length of the fourth connecting end along the extension direction of the first main structure decreases monotonically in the direction away from the third end.

[0030] The first electrode further includes a second filling structure connected between adjacent first branch structures.

[0031] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna that includes any of the phase shifters described above.

[0032] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device that includes the antenna described above. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a top view of an exemplary phase shifter.

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of phase shifter AA'.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of BB' of the phase shifter.

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the phase shifter CC'.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the phase shifter DD'.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a top view of another phase shifter, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of EE' of the phase shifter.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter.

[0047] Figure 15 This is a top view of another phase shifter, representing a fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 16 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a sixth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 17 for Figure 16A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter.

[0050] Figure 18 This is a top view of another phase shifter, which is a sixth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 19 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a seventh example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 20 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing an eighth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0053] Figure 21 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a ninth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 22 This is a top view of another phase shifter, which is a ninth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 23 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a tenth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0056] Figure 24 This is a top view of a phase shifter, which is an eleventh example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0057] Figure 25 This is a top view of another phase shifter, which is an eleventh example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0058] Figure 26 This is a top view of a phase shifter, which is the twelfth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0059] Figure 27 This is a top view of another phase shifter, which is the twelfth example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a top view of an exemplary phase shifter. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of phase shifter AA'; as shown Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the phase shifter includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30 disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first electrode 1 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10 near the liquid crystal layer 30. The first electrode 1 includes a first sub-reference electrode 11 and a second sub-reference electrode 12. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate 20 and a second electrode 2 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 20. The second electrode 2 includes a main structure 21 and a plurality of branch structures 22 connecting both sides of the main structure 21 in its extending direction. The orthographic projection of the main structure of the second electrode 2 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 onto the first dielectric substrate 10. The orthographic projection of the end of the branch structure 22 connected to one side of the extension direction of the main structure 21 away from the main structure on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first sub-reference electrode 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10; the orthographic projection of the end of the branch structure 22 connected to the other side of the extension direction of the main structure 21 away from the main structure 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second sub-reference electrode 12 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0063] The first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 can be connected to a ground signal, i.e., they are ground electrodes. When a DC bias voltage is applied to the first electrode 1, the branch structures connected to both sides of the main structure form a coplanar electric field with the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12, respectively, to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 to deflect, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and thus changing the phase of the transmitted microwave signal.

[0064] The inventors discovered that to fabricate a phase shifter, it is necessary to align the already formed first and second substrates and then fill the space between the first and second substrates with liquid crystal molecules. However, during the alignment process, misalignment tolerances can easily occur, causing changes in the overlap area between the branch structures on both sides of the main structure extension direction and the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12, respectively, which affects the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

[0065] To address the aforementioned issues, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions.

[0066] Firstly, Figure 3 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of BB' of the phase shifter; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter; such as Figure 3-5 As shown, this disclosure provides a phase shifter, including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The adjustable dielectric layer includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal layer 30. In this disclosure, the liquid crystal layer 30 is used as an example for the description of the adjustable dielectric layer. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first electrode 1 disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 near the liquid crystal layer 30. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate 20 and a second electrode 2 disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 near the liquid crystal layer 30. The first electrode 1 includes a first main structure 101 and a plurality of first branch structures 102 connected to at least one side of the extending direction of the first main structure 101. The second electrode 2 includes a second main structure 201 and a plurality of second branch structures 202 connected to at least one side of the extending direction of the second main structure 201.

[0067] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first main structure 101 and the second main structure 201 extend in the same direction, which is the first direction X. The first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 extend in the same direction, and their extensions are perpendicular to the first direction X. The extension directions of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 are referred to as the second direction Y. However, it should be understood that the first main structure 101 and the second main structure 201 may also be non-parallel and have different extension directions.

[0068] In the disclosed embodiment, the first branch structure 102 includes a first end P11 and a second end P12 disposed opposite to each other, and the second branch structure 202 includes a third end P21 and a fourth end P22 disposed opposite to each other. The first end P11 of the first branch structure 102 is connected to the first main body structure 101, and the third end P21 of the second branch structure 202 is connected to the second main body portion P23. The orthographic projections of the second end P12 and the fourth end P22 of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, defining Q1, and the area of ​​one of the orthographic projections of the second end P12 and the second end P12 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​Q1, and the area of ​​the other is equal to the area of ​​Q1. That is, for the second end P12 and the fourth end P22 whose orthographic projections on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, their orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate 10 are not equal, and the orthographic projection of one on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the other on the first dielectric substrate 10. In this case, since Q1 is defined by the overlap of the second end P12 and the fourth end P22 on the first dielectric substrate 10, the lengths of the second end P12 and the fourth end P22 that are orthogonally projected onto the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal in the second direction Y. However, the areas of the second end P12 and the fourth end P22 that are orthogonally projected onto the first dielectric substrate 10 are different, so their minimum lengths in the first direction X are not equal. Therefore, even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, it will not affect the overlapping area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202, thereby effectively reducing the impact on the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

[0069] The phase shifter in the embodiments of this disclosure will be described below with reference to specific examples.

[0070] First example: such as Figure 3-5As shown, the first electrode 1 of the phase shifter includes only a first main body structure 101 and a row of first branch structures 102 arranged side by side along the first direction X and connected to the first main body structure; the second electrode 2 includes only a second main body P23 and a row of second branch structures 202 arranged side by side along the first direction X and connected to the second main body structure 201. The second end P12 of one first branch structure 102 and the fourth end P22 of one second branch structure 202 overlap in their orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10. For example, the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. For the second end P12 and the fourth end P22, whose orthographic projections on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, their orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate 10 are not equal, and the orthographic projection of one on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the other on the first dielectric substrate 10. Figure 5 Taking the example where the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second end P12 of the first branch structure 102 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the fourth end P22 of the second branch structure 202 onto the first dielectric substrate 10, it can be understood that their size relationship can be interchanged. It can be seen that in this case, the length of the second end P12 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the fourth end P22 in the first direction X. Therefore, even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first and second substrates, it will not affect the overlapping area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202, thereby effectively reducing the impact on the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

[0071] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The shapes of the outlines of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 projected onto the first dielectric substrate 10 are the same. Figure 3 The example shown is a rectangle representing the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 onto the first dielectric substrate 10. However, it is understood that the shape of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is not limited to a rectangle; it can also be a trapezoid, etc.

[0072] Furthermore, the projected area of ​​each first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 can be equal, that is, the dimensions of each first branch structure 102 are all equal. Simultaneously, the projected area of ​​each second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 can also be equal, that is, the dimensions of each second branch structure 202 are all equal. Since the shape and dimensions of each first branch structure 102 are identical, and the shape and dimensions of each second branch structure 202 are identical, the fabrication of the phase shifter is facilitated, effectively reducing process costs.

[0073] Furthermore, in the first direction X, the spacing between any two adjacent first branch structures 102 is equal. Similarly, the spacing between any two adjacent second branch structures 202 is equal. It should be noted that the spacing between adjacent first branch structures 102 is their distance in the first direction X; similarly, the spacing between adjacent second branch structures 202 is their distance in the first direction X.

[0074] Second example: Figure 6 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the phase shifter's CC'; as shown. Figure 6 and 7 As shown, this phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outlines of each first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are the same, but the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two first branch structures 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different. Meanwhile, the outlines of each second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are the same, but the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two second branch structures 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different. Figure 6 The first electrode 1 includes two types of first branch structures 102, denoted as first branch structure (a) 102a and first branch structure (b) 102b, respectively. Similarly, the second branch structure 202 includes two types of second branch structures 202, denoted as second branch structure (a) 202a and second branch structure (b) 202b, respectively. The orthographic projections of the second end P12 of a first branch structure (a) 102a and the fourth end P22 of a second branch structure (a) 202a onto the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​Q1. The orthographic projections of the second end P12 of a first branch structure (b) 102b and the fourth end P22 of a second branch structure (b) 202b onto the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end P12 of the second branch structure (b) 202b onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​Q1. That is, the first branch structure (a) 102a and the second branch structure (a) 202a are configured in a one-to-one correspondence; the first branch structure (b) 102b and the second branch structure (b) 202b are configured in a one-to-one correspondence. In this case, the phase shifter can have better electrical performance.

[0075] Continue to refer to Figure 6 and 7In one example, the length of the first branch structure (a) 102a in the first direction X is equal to the length of the second branch structure (b) 202b in the first direction X, and simultaneously, the length of the first branch structure (b) 102b in the first direction X is equal to the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent first branch structures (a) 102a and first branch structures (b) 102b is equal to the spacing between adjacent second branch structures (a) 202a and second branch structures (b) 202b. In this case, it is more helpful to improve the alignment accuracy of the first and second substrates.

[0076] Third example: Figure 8 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0077] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the phase shifter DD'. (See diagram below.) Figure 8 and 9 As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the first branch structure 102 includes not only a first end P11 and a second end P12 disposed opposite to each other, but also a first main body P13 connecting the first end P11 and the second end P12. The first branch structure 102 has a first opening 103 extending from the first main body P13 to the second end P12, and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X. For example, the first opening 103 is a rectangular opening. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure 102 are the same. For example, when both the first branch structure 102 and the first opening 103 are rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on each first branch structure 102 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X. In this case, since each first branch structure 102 has a first opening 103, not only... Figure 3 The phase shifter shown will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, and will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0078] It should be noted that the reason why the first opening 103 is formed in the first branch structure 102 is that the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X. Figure 10This is a top view of another phase shifter, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 10 As shown, if the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X, a second opening 203 can be provided on the second branch structure 202. The second branch structure 202 includes not only the third end P21 and the fourth end P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body P23 connecting the third end P21 and the fourth end P22. The second branch structure 202 has a second opening 203, which extends from the second main body P23 to the fourth end P22, and the length of the second opening 203 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X. For example, the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example, when both the second branch structure 202 and the second opening 203 are rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on each second branch structure 202 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X. In this case, since each second branch structure 202 has a second opening 203, not only as Figure 3 The phase shifter shown will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, and will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0079] Fourth example: Figure 11 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of EE' of the phase shifter; as shown Figure 11 and 12As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the second example, except that the first branch structure 102 includes not only a first end P11 and a second end P12 arranged opposite to each other, but also a first main body P13 connecting the first end P11 and the second end P12; the second branch structure 202 includes not only a third end P21 and a fourth end P22 arranged opposite to each other, but also a second main body P23 connecting the third end P21 and the fourth end P22. A first opening 103 is provided on the first branch structure (a) 102a, extending from the first main body P13 to the second end P12; a second opening 203 is provided on the second branch structure (b) 202b, extending from the second main body P23 to the fourth end P22, and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure (a) 102a are the same. For example, when both the first branch structure 102 and the first opening 103 are rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on each first branch structure 102 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X, and the length of the second opening 203 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure (b) 102b in the first direction X. For example, the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example, when both the second branch structure 202 and the second opening 203 are rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on each second branch structure 202 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X. In this case, since each second branch structure 202 has a second opening 203, not only... Figure 3 The phase shifter shown will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, and will not affect the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0080] Fifth example: Figure 13 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0081] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter. (See attached diagram.) Figure 13 and 14As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branch structure 102 includes not only a first end P11 and a second end P12 disposed opposite to each other, but also a first main body P13 connecting the first end P11 and the second end P12. The first main body P13 includes a first connecting end P131 and a second connecting end P132 disposed opposite to each other, and a first line segment P133 connecting the first connecting end P131 and the second connecting end P132. The first connecting end P131 is connected to the first end P11, and the second connecting end P132 is connected to the second end P12. The length of a second end P12 in the first direction X increases monotonically in the direction away from the first end P11, and the length of a second connecting end P132 in the first direction X decreases monotonically in the direction away from the first end P11. For example, the second end P12 and the second connecting end P132 in a first branch structure 102 form an hourglass shape. In this case, since the width (length in the first direction X) of both the second end P12 and the second connecting end P132 of the first branch structure 102 is narrow near their connection position, even if there is a misalignment tolerance in the second direction Y when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, the impact on the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is relatively small, thus greatly reducing the impact on the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

[0082] Furthermore, Figure 15 This is a top view of another phase shifter, as shown in the fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 15 As shown, the difference between this phase shifter and phase shifter 13 is that the adjacent second branch structures 202 are connected by a first filling structure 204 so that the second electrode 2 is formed as a planar structure. Therefore, even if there is a misalignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, it will not affect the overlapping area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202.

[0083] Sixth example: Figure 16 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing a sixth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0084] Figure 17 for Figure 16 A partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter. (See attached diagram.) Figure 16 and 17As shown, this phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second branch structure 202 includes not only the third end P21 and the fourth end P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body P23 connected between the third end P21 and the fourth end P22. The second main body P23 includes the third connecting end P231 and the fourth connecting end P232 disposed opposite to each other, and a second line segment P233 connecting the third connecting end P231 and the fourth connecting end P232. The third connecting end P231 is connected to the third end P21, and the fourth connecting end P232 is connected to the fourth end P22. The length of a fourth end P22 in the first direction X increases monotonically in the direction away from the third end P21, and the length of a fourth connecting end P232 in the first direction X decreases monotonically in the direction away from the third end P21. For example, the fourth end P22 and the fourth connecting end P232 in a second branch structure 202 form an hourglass shape. In this case, since the width (length in the first direction X) of both the fourth end P22 and the fourth connecting end P232 of the second branch structure 202 is narrow near their connection position, even if there is a misalignment tolerance in the second direction Y when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, the impact on the overlap area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is relatively small, thus greatly reducing the impact on the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

[0085] Furthermore, Figure 18 This is a top view of another phase shifter, as shown in the sixth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 18 As shown, the difference between this phase shifter and the 16-phase shifter is that the adjacent first branch structures 102 are connected by a first filling structure 104 so that the first electrode 1 is formed into a planar structure. Therefore, even if there is a misalignment tolerance in the first direction X when assembling the first substrate and the second substrate, it will not affect the overlapping area of ​​the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202.

[0086] Seventh example: Figure 19 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to a seventh example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 19 As shown, this phase shifter is similar to the phase shifter in the first example (such as...). Figure 3The structure is roughly similar to that shown, except that the first electrode 1 includes a first sub-reference electrode 11 and a second sub-reference electrode 12, and both the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 include a first main structure 101 and a plurality of first branch structures 102. Meanwhile, the second main structure 201 of the second electrode 2 has a plurality of second branch structures 202 connected to both sides in the first direction X. For example, the second main structure 201 includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other in the second direction Y; a second branch structure 202 connected to the first side of the second main structure 201 overlaps with the orthographic projection of a first branch structure 102 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10; a second branch structure 202 connected to the second side of the second main structure 201 overlaps with the orthographic projection of a first branch structure 102 of the second sub-reference electrode 12 on the first dielectric substrate 10. That is, the second branch structure 202 connected to the first side of the second main body structure 201 is configured to correspond one-to-one with the first branch structure 102 of the first sub-reference electrode 11; the second branch structure 202 connected to the second side of the second main body structure 201 is configured to correspond one-to-one with the first branch structure 102 of the second sub-reference electrode 12.

[0087] In some examples, the first main structure 101 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 both extend along the first direction X in the first main structure 101. That is, the first main structure 101 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 both extend in the same direction as the second main structure 201 in the first main structure 101, which helps to achieve miniaturization of the phase shifter.

[0088] The structure and correspondence of any first branch structure 102 and second branch structure 202 can be the same as in the first example, so they will not be repeated here.

[0089] Eighth example: Figure 20 This is a top view of the phase shifter in the eighth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 20 As shown, this phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the seventh example, with the only difference being that the first main structure 101 and the first branch structure 102 in the first electrode 1, and the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the second electrode 2, are similar to those in the phase shifter in the second example (e.g., Figure 6The correspondence is the same as shown in the diagram. That is, the first branch structures 102 connected to the first side and the second side of the first main body structure 101 can each include a first branch structure (a) 102a and a first branch structure (b) 102b, and the second branch structures 202 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 can each include a second branch structure (a) 202a and a second branch structure (b) 202b. The orthographic projections of the second end P12 of a first branch structure (a) 102a and the fourth end P22 of a second branch structure (a) 202a on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a on the first dielectric substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​Q1; the orthographic projections of the second end P12 of a first branch structure (b) 102b and the fourth end P22 of a second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end P12 of the second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​Q1. That is, the first branch structure (a) 102a and the second branch structure (a) 202a are set in a one-to-one correspondence; the first branch structure (b) 102b and the second branch structure (b) 202b are set in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0090] In some examples, the first branch structures 102 located on both sides of the extension direction of the first main structure 101 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, the first branch structure (a) 102a connected to the first side of the first main structure 101 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structure (a) 102a connected to the second side of the first main structure 101, and the first branch structure (b) 102b connected to the first side of the first main structure 101 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structure (b) 102b connected to the second side of the first main structure 101.

[0091] Ninth example: Figure 21 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing the ninth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0092] Figure 22 This is a top view of another phase shifter, as shown in the ninth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 21 and 22 As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the seventh example, with the only difference being the first main structure 101 and the first branch structure 102 in the first electrode 1, and the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the second electrode 2, which are similar to those in the third example (e.g.). Figure 8 and 9The correspondence is the same in the phase shifters shown. That is, when the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X, a first opening 103 is provided on each of the first branch structures 102. Or, when the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X, a second opening 203 is provided on each of the second branch structures 202. The correspondence between the first branch structure 102 and its corresponding second branch structure 202 is the same as in the third example, so it will not be repeated here.

[0093] Tenth example: Figure 23 This is a top view of a phase shifter according to the tenth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 23 As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the seventh example, with the only difference being the first main body structure 101 and the first branch structure 102 in the first electrode 1, and the second main body structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the second electrode 2, which are similar to those in the fourth example (e.g.). Figure 11 The corresponding relationships in the phase shifters shown are the same. That is, a first opening 103 is provided on the first branch structure (a) 102a, extending from the first main body P13 to the second end P12; a second opening 203 is provided on the second branch structure (b) 202b, extending from the second main body P23 to the fourth end P22; and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure (a) 102a are the same. For example, when both the first branch structure 102 and the first opening 103 are rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on each first branch structure 102 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X, and the length of the second opening 203 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure (b) 102b in the first direction X. For example, the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example, when both the second branch structure 202 and the second opening 203 are rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on each second branch structure 202 are on a straight line and extend along the first direction X.

[0094] Eleventh example: Figure 24 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing the eleventh example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 25 This is a top view of another phase shifter, as shown in the eleventh example of the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 24and 25 As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the seventh example, with the only difference being the first main body structure 101 and the first branch structure 102 in the first electrode 1, and the second main body structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the second electrode 2, which are similar to those in the fifth example (e.g.). Figure 13 and 15 The corresponding relationships in the phase shifters are the same. That is, the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branch structure 102 includes not only a first end P11 and a second end P12 disposed opposite to each other, but also a first main body P13 connecting the first end P11 and the second end P12. The first main body P13 includes a first connecting end P131 and a second connecting end P132 disposed opposite to each other. The first connecting end P131 is connected to the first end P11, and the second connecting end P132 is connected to the second end P12. The length of a second end P12 in the first direction X increases monotonically in the direction away from the first end P11, and the length of a second connecting end P132 in the first direction X decreases monotonically in the direction away from the first end P11. For example, the second end P12 and the second connecting end P132 in a first branch structure 102 form an hourglass shape.

[0095] Twelfth example: Figure 26 This is a top view of a phase shifter, representing the twelfth example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 27 This is a top view of another phase shifter in the twelfth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; as shown Figure 26 and 27 As shown, the phase shifter is structurally similar to the phase shifter in the seventh example, with the only difference being the first main structure 101 and the first branch structure 102 in the first electrode 1, and the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the second electrode 2, which are similar to those in the sixth example (e.g.). Figure 16 and 18The corresponding relationships in the phase shifters are the same. That is, the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second branch structure 202 includes not only the third end P21 and the fourth end P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body P23 connected between the third end P21 and the fourth end P22. The second main body P23 includes a third connecting end P231 and a fourth connecting end P232 disposed opposite to each other. The third connecting end P231 is connected to the third end P21, and the fourth connecting end P232 is connected to the fourth end P22. The length of the fourth end P22 in the first direction X increases monotonically in the direction away from the third end P21, and the length of the fourth connecting end P232 in the first direction X decreases monotonically in the direction away from the third end P21. For example, the fourth end P22 and the fourth connecting end P232 in a second branch structure 202 form an hourglass shape.

[0096] It should be noted that the above-described exemplary phase shifters are merely some possible implementations of the embodiments of this disclosure. Any variation in the size or shape of the phase shifter structure is within the protection scope of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0097] In some examples, the present disclosure may also include a driving network configured to provide electrical signals to the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2. The driving network may be disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10 or on the second dielectric substrate 20. The present disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0098] In some examples, regardless of which of the above-described structures the phase shifter in the embodiments of this disclosure employs, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 can both be made of glass. Of course, sapphire substrates can also be used, as well as polyethylene terephthalate substrates, triallyl cyanurate substrates, and polyimide transparent flexible substrates with a thickness of 10-500 micrometers, and printed circuit boards (PCBs) can also be used. Specifically, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 can be made of high-purity quartz glass with extremely low dielectric loss. Compared to ordinary glass substrates, using quartz glass for the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 can effectively reduce microwave loss, giving the phase shifter low power consumption and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0099] In some examples, for the phase shifter in any of the above examples, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 can be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel or iron.

[0100] This disclosure also provides an antenna and an electronic device including the antenna. The antenna may include any of the phase shifters described above. Of course, the antenna may also include radiating elements, feeding structures, and other components.

[0101] The electronic device in this embodiment further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can serve as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the antenna system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transmitting unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0102] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals and transmits them to the receiving end.

[0103] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The received signal is then processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which in turn transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0104] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0105] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0106] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase shifter comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, The first substrate includes: a first dielectric substrate, and a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the tunable dielectric layer; the first electrode includes a first main structure and a plurality of first branch structures; each of the plurality of first branch structures includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other, the first end being connected to the first main structure, and the plurality of first branch structures being arranged side by side along the extension direction of the first main structure; The second substrate includes: a second dielectric substrate, and a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the tunable dielectric layer; the second electrode includes a second main structure and a plurality of second branch structures; each of the plurality of second branch structures includes a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other, the third end being connected to the second main structure, and the plurality of second branch structures being arranged side by side along the extension direction of the second main structure; The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure and a fourth end of the second branch structure on the first dielectric substrate overlap, defining an overlapping region, and the area of ​​one of the orthographic projections of the second end and the fourth end on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region, and the area of ​​the other is equal to the area of ​​the overlapping region. The first branch structure further includes a first main body portion connected between the first end and the second end; the second branch structure further includes a second main body portion connected between the third end and the fourth end; When the length of the first branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the length of the second branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure, a first opening is provided on the first branch structure, the first opening extending from the first main body portion to the second end portion, and all the first openings are located at the same position on the first branch structure; or... When the length of the second branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the length of the first branch structure along the extension direction of the first main structure, a second opening is provided on the second branch structure. The second opening extends from the second main body to the fourth end, and each of the second openings is in the same position on the second branch structure.

2. The phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein, The first electrode includes a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode, and both the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode include the first main structure and the first branch structure; The second branch structure is connected to both sides of the extension direction of the second main structure; the orthographic projection of the second main structure on the first dielectric substrate is located between the orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

3. The phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The areas of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same; the minimum length of the second end of any first branch structure in the extension direction of the first main structure is greater than the maximum length of the fourth end of any second branch structure in the extension direction of the first main structure. or, The areas of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures onto the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same; the minimum length of the fourth end of any second branch structure in the extension direction of the second main structure is greater than the maximum length of the second end of any first branch structure in the extension direction of the second main structure.

4. The phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The areas of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same; the areas of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are equal, and their outlines are the same.

5. The phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are the same, but the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are not equal. The outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are the same, but the areas of the orthographic projections of at least two of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are not equal.

6. The phase shifter according to claim 5, wherein, The first electrode includes two first branch structures with different projected areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely the first branch structure (a) and the first branch structure (b); the second electrode includes two second branch structures with different projected areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely the second branch structure (a) and the second branch structure (b). The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure (a) and a fourth end of the second branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second end of the first branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region. The orthographic projections of a second end of the first branch structure (b) and a fourth end of the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate overlap, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the fourth end of the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the area of ​​the overlapping region.

7. The phase shifter according to claim 6, wherein, The projected area of ​​the first branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is greater than the projected area of ​​the first branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate; The projected area of ​​the second branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is smaller than the projected area of ​​the second branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate.

8. The phase shifter according to claim 6, wherein, The first branch structure further includes a first main body portion connected between the first end and the second end; the second branch structure further includes a second main body portion connected between the third end and the fourth end; A first opening is provided on the first branch structure (a), the first opening extends from the first main body to the second end, and each of the first openings is in the same position on the first branch structure (a); A second opening is provided on the second branch structure (b), the second opening extending from the second main body to the fourth end, and each of the second openings is in the same position on the second branch structure (b).

9. The phase shifter according to claim 6, wherein, The second branch structure (a) and the second branch structure (b) are alternately arranged on the same side of the extension direction of the second main structure.

10. The phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The outlines of the orthographic projections of each of the first branch structures and each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate are identical.

11. An antenna comprising the phase shifter according to any one of claims 1-10.

12. An electronic device comprising the antenna of claim 11.

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