Method, receiving entity, transmission / reception point and medium for wireless communication

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In one aspect, a receiving entity (RE) (e.g., a user equipment or base station) receives a location resource beam configuration that defines a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The RE performs location measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the beam characteristic set, and transmits location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems have evolved through several generations, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including 2.5G and 2.75G networks for the transition), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services supporting the Internet, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

[0003] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, also known as New Radio (NR), demands higher data transmission speeds, more connections, greater coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard aims to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate for each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) of data rate for dozens of employees on an office floor. To support large-scale sensor deployments, it should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections. Therefore, 5G mobile communication should have significantly improved spectral efficiency compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified overview in relation to one or more aspects disclosed herein. This overview should not be considered a broad summary relating to all anticipated aspects, nor should it be regarded as identifying key or essential elements relating to all anticipated aspects or describing the scope relating to any particular aspect. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following overview is to provide, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein, prior to the specific implementations given below.

[0005] For angle-based positioning, angle of departure (AoD) measurements rely on a finite number of positioning signals, such as Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) or Sounding Reference Signals (SRS), whose beams are transmitted at different azimuth or elevation angles. As the distance from the device transmitting the positioning signal to the device measuring the PRS signal increases, the error in AoD measurement translates into an increasingly larger position error. To address this issue, several techniques have been proposed, including transmitting the PRS beam multiple times and slightly varying the azimuth, elevation, beamwidth, other parameters, or some combination thereof on each repetition. This provides the measurement entity with additional data points, thus allowing for a more accurate determination of the AoD. Therefore, a trade-off exists between time delay (which increases with the repetition of the positioning signal) and accuracy (which improves with additional measurements performed by the measurement entity).

[0006] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a receiving entity (RE) includes: receiving a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; performing location measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the set of beam characteristics; and transmitting location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof.

[0007] In one aspect, a wireless communication method performed by a TRP includes: transmitting to a receiving entity a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; transmitting the location resource set according to the location resource beam configuration; and receiving from the receiving entity location information, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources.

[0008] In one aspect, an RE includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by a TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; perform location measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the set of beam characteristics; and send location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof.

[0009] In one aspect, a TRP includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: transmit to a receiving entity a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; transmit the set of location resources according to the location resource beam configuration; and receive location information from the receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources.

[0010] In one aspect, an RE includes: components for receiving a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by a TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the set of beam characteristics of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; components for performing location measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the set of beam characteristics; and components for transmitting location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof.

[0011] In one aspect, a TRP includes: components for transmitting to a receiving entity a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; components for transmitting the set of location resources according to the location resource beam configuration; and components for receiving location information from the receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources.

[0012] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of an RE, cause the RE to: receive a beam configuration defining a set of positioning resources, each positioning resource being transmitted by a TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; perform positioning measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the set of beam characteristics; and transmit positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information comprising at least some positioning measurements, positioning estimates, or combinations thereof.

[0013] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a TRP, cause the TRP to: transmit to a receiving entity a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; transmit the set of location resources according to the location resource beam configuration; and receive location information from the receiving entity, the location information comprising measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources.

[0014] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe various aspects of this disclosure, and are intended to illustrate these aspects only and not to limit them.

[0016] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Example wireless network architectures according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0018] Figures 3A to 3C Simplified block diagrams are shown for several example aspects of components that can be used in user equipment (UE), base stations, and network entities and configured to support the communications taught herein.

[0019] Figures 4A to 4D This is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure and a channel within the frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example base station communicating with an example UE according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 This illustrates a traditional method for locating resource beam transmission.

[0022] Figures 7 to 14 An improved method for beam transmission of positioning resources according to some aspects of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following description and accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes and represent various examples. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0024] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “served as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0025] Those skilled in the art will understand that the information and signals described below can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and processes. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referenced in the following description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, and in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0026] Furthermore, many aspects are described according to sequences of actions to be performed by elements of, for example, computing devices. It should be understood that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), program instructions executed by one or more processors, or a combination of both. Moreover, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered fully embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, cause or instruct the relevant processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in a variety of different forms, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect can be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0027] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the terms “User Equipment (UE)” and “base station” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT). Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Equipment”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for the UE to connect to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible, such as wired access networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) (e.g., based on the IEEE 802.11 standard), etc.

[0028] Depending on the network in which it is deployed, a base station may operate as one of several RATs communicating with the UE and may be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, NodeB, Evolved NodeB (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) NodeB (also known as gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting the data, voice, and / or signaling connections of the supported UE. In some systems, a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can send signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can send signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). The term Traffic Channel (TCH) used herein may refer to an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0029] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs, which may be located in the same location or not. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be the antenna of a base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple physical TRPs located in the same location, the physical TRP may be the antenna array of the base station (e.g., in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or in the case where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple physical TRPs not located in the same location, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a spatially separated antenna network connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, physical TRPs not located in the same location may be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and a neighboring base station from which the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Because, as used herein, a TRP is a point where a base station transmits and receives radio signals, transmission from or reception at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0030] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's wireless access (e.g., it may not support the UE's data, voice, and / or signaling connections), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0031] An “RF signal” comprises electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information across space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal.

[0032] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macro cell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or ng-eNB where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an eNB of an LTE network, or a gNB where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a gNB of an NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0033] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with core network 170 (e.g., Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or 5G Core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and connect to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or external to core network 170) via core network 170. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform one or more functions related to transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), user and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and warning message delivery. Base station 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) via backhaul link 134, which can be wired or wireless.

[0034] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., via some frequency resources, referred to as carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with identifiers (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to one or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In some cases, the term “cell” can also refer to a geographic coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), as long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0035] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially covered by larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell (SC) base station 102' may have geographic coverage areas 110' that substantially overlap with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) that can provide service to restricted groups referred to as closed subscriber groups (CSGs).

[0036] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetrical relative to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0037] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150, which communicates with a WLAN station (STA) 152 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz) via a communication link 154. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0038] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Using LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0039] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies, communicating with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). The EHF band ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW can extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. The ultra-high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also known as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW RF bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range through beamforming (transmit and / or receive) via the mmW communication link 184. Furthermore, it will be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0040] Transmit beamforming is a technique that focuses an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectional). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines the location of a given target device (e.g., a UE) (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal to (multiple) receiving devices. To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that generates beams that can be "guided" to point RF waves in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship, causing the radio waves from the individual antennas to add together to increase radiation in the desired direction while canceling out radiation in undesired directions.

[0041] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., UE) with identical parameters, regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the target reference RF signal on the target beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. If the source reference RF signal is type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0042] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase a gain setting and / or adjust the phase setting of an antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when we say that a receiver beamforms in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a higher received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0043] The receive beam can be spatially correlated. Spatial correlation means that the parameters of the transmit beam of the second reference signal can be derived from information about the receive beam of the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. Then, the UE can form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0044] Note that a "downlink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE is forming a downlink beam, then it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal. Similarly, an "uplink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming an uplink beam, then it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming an uplink beam, then it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0045] In 5G, the spectrum in which radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operate is divided into several frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is called the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” while the remaining carrier frequencies are called “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCell.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which UE 104 / 182 performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (but not always). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2). Once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, the secondary carrier can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier because the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. For example, this is to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which a base station is communicating, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., are used interchangeably.

[0046] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies used by the macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies used by the macro cell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, compared to a single 20 MHz carrier, two aggregated 20 MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz).

[0047] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macro cell base station 102 via communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 can support PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 can support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0048] exist Figure 1 In the example, one or more Earth-orbiting Satellite Positioning System (SPS) spacecraft (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites) can be used as any of the UEs shown (for simplicity, in...) Figure 1 The image shows an independent location information source (represented as a single UE 104). UE 104 may include one or more dedicated SPS receivers specifically designed to receive SPS signal 124 for deriving geographic location information from SV 112. The SPS typically includes a transmitter system (e.g., SV 112) positioned such that receivers (e.g., UE 104) can determine their location on or above the Earth based at least in part on signals received from the transmitter (e.g., SPS signal 124). Such transmitters typically transmit signals of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes marked with a predetermined number of chips. While transmitters are typically located in SV 112, they may sometimes be located at ground control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104.

[0049] The use of SPS signal 124 can be enhanced by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise used with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems(s) that provide integrity information, differential correction, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geosynchronous Navigation Coverage Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), GPS-assisted Geo-Augmented Navigation, or GPS and Geo-Augmented Navigation System (GAGAN). Therefore, as used herein, SPS may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems and / or augmentation systems, and SPS signal 124 may include an SPS, similar SPSs, and / or other signals associated with such one or more SPSs.

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1In the example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 through which one of UEs 104 is connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity), and a D2D P2P link 194 through which WLAN STA 152 is connected to WLANAP 150 (through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based internet connectivity). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be supported by any well-known D2D RAT, such as Direct LTE Access (LTE-D), Direct WiFi Access (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, etc.

[0051] Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For example, 5GC 210 (also known as Next Generation Core Network (NGC)) can functionally be viewed as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which cooperate to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to 5GC 210, specifically to control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212. In another configuration, ng-eNB 224 can also connect to 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 of control plane function 214 and NG-U 213 of user plane function 212. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 The UE 204 may communicate with any UE described herein. Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple independent servers (e.g., physically independent servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which may connect to the location server 230 via the core network 5GC 210 and / or via the Internet (not shown). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be located outside the core network.

[0052] Figure 2BAnother example wireless network architecture 250 is shown. For example, 5GC 260 can be functionally viewed as a control plane function provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and a user plane function provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262, which cooperate to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264. In another configuration, gNB 222 can also connect to 5GC 260 via AMF 264's control plane interface 265 and UPF 262's user plane interface 263. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223, regardless of whether the gNB is directly connected to 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 (As described in the document) Communication. The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with the AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with the UPF262 via the N3 interface.

[0053] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, session management (SM) message transmission between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, short message service (SMS) message transmission between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchor Function (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF and uses it to derive a network-specific key for access. The AMF 264 also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between the new RAN 220 and LMF 270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interoperability with Evolved Packet System (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, the AMF 264 also supports functions for non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0054] The functions of UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point for interconnection with a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic orientation), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) processing (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (mapping of Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS Flow), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 can also support the transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and location servers (such as Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272) via the user plane.

[0055] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of service orientation in UPF 262 to route services to the correct destination, control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0056] Another optional aspect may include LMF 270, which can communicate with 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to UE 204. LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple independent servers (e.g., physically independent servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each can correspond to a single server. LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which can connect to LMF 270 via the core network 5GC 260 and / or via the Internet (not shown). SLP 272 can support similar functionality to LMF 270, but LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, the new RAN 220, and UE 204 via the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to transmit signaling messages instead of voice or data), while SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients via the user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP). Figure 2B (Not shown in the image) Communication.

[0057] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C Several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that can be included in UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations as taught herein are illustrated. It should be understood that these components can be implemented in different types of devices in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.). The components shown can also be included in other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0058] UE 302 and base station 304 each include Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for suppressing transmission, etc.) for communicating via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to the designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 respectively.

[0059] At least in certain circumstances, UE 302 and base station 304 also include one or more short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for suppressing transmission, etc.) for communicating with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Vehicle Environment Radio Access (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in various ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As a specific example, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Zigbee® and / or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0060] Transceiver circuitry including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some embodiments, include an integrated device (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry implemented as a single communication device), in some embodiments, include separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other embodiments, may be implemented in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the respective device to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the respective device to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective device can only receive or transmit at a given time, and cannot receive or transmit simultaneously. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or 350 and 360) may also include network eavesdropping modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0061] At least in certain circumstances, UE 302 and base station 304 also include Satellite Positioning System (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide components for receiving and / or measuring SPS signals 338 and 378, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request appropriate information and operation from other systems and use measurements obtained through any suitable SPS algorithm to perform calculations necessary to determine the location of UE 302 and base station 304.

[0062] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390, providing components for communicating with other network entities (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, etc.). For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) can be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 can be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal-based communication. This communication may include, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0063] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes processor circuitry implementing processing system 332 for providing functions related to, for example, wireless positioning, and for providing other processing functions. Base station 304 includes processing system 384 for providing functions related to, for example, wireless positioning disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functions. Network entity 306 includes processing system 394 for providing functions related to, for example, wireless positioning disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functions. Processing systems 332, 384, and 394 can therefore provide components for processing, such as components for determining, components for calculating, components for receiving, components for transmitting, components for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more processors, such as one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices, or processing circuitry or various combinations thereof.

[0064] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry that respectively implements memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Memory components 340, 386, and 396 can therefore provide components for storage, retrieval, maintenance, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may respectively include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, respectively, causing UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein when executed. In other respects, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein. Figure 3A Possible locations of the positioning component 342 are shown. The positioning component 342 may be part of the WWAN transceiver 310, memory component 340, processing system 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3B The possible locations of the positioning component 388 are shown. The positioning component 388 may be part of the WWAN transceiver 350, the memory component 386, the processing system 384, or any combination thereof, or it may be a standalone component. Figure 3C Possible locations for the positioning component 398 are shown. It may be part of (multiple) network interfaces 390, memory component 396, processing system 394, or any combination thereof, or it may be a standalone component.

[0065] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide components for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, short-range wireless transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. For example, the sensors 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, the sensors 344 may include various different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, the sensors 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate position in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0066] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346, which provides components for providing instructions to the user (e.g., auditory and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keyboard, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0067] Referring more specifically to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement the functions of the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0068] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 can implement Layer 1 (L1) functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, can include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by UE 302. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0069] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals through its respective antenna(s) 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are designated to UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to processing system 332, which implements Layer 3 (L3) and Layer 2 (L2) functions.

[0070] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0071] Similar to the functions described in the downlink transmission description of base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs to transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0072] Transmitter 314 can use the channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by base station 304 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by transmitter 314 can be provided to different antenna(s) 316. Transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0073] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals through its respective antenna(s) 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 384.

[0074] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0075] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figure 3A Figure C shows various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the blocks shown may have different functions in different designs.

[0076] Various components of UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 can communicate with each other via data buses 334, 382 and 392 respectively. Figure 3A The components in Figure C can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figure 3A The components in Figure C can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Each circuit may use and / or include at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that function. For example, some or all of the functions represented by boxes 310 to 346 can be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functions represented by boxes 350 to 388 can be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functions represented by boxes 390 to 398 can be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, it is understood that such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.

[0077] Various frame structures can be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs).

[0078] Figure 4A Figure 400 shows an example of a downlink frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 4B Figure 430 illustrates an example of a channel within a downlink frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 4C Figure 450 shows an example of an uplink frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 4D Figure 470 illustrates an example of a channel within an uplink frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0079] LTE (and in some cases NR) uses OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR can also choose to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as tones or bins. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Typically, OFDM is used to transmit modulated symbols in the frequency domain, and SC-FDM is used to transmit modulated symbols in the time domain. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. System bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0080] LTE supports a single set of parameters (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple parameter sets (µ), such as 15 kHz (µ=0), 30 kHz (µ=1), 60 kHz (µ=2), 120 kHz (µ=3), and 240 kHz (µ=4) or larger subcarrier spacings. Within each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per time slot. For a 15 kHz SCS (µ=0), there is one time slot per subframe, 10 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 1 millisecond (ms), a symbol duration of 66.7 microseconds (µs), and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size of 50. For a 30 kHz SCS (µ=1), there are two time slots per subframe, 20 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.5 ms, a symbol duration of 33.3 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size of 100. For a 60 kHz SCS (µ=2), there are 4 time slots per subframe, 40 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.25 ms, a symbol duration of 16.7 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 120 kHz SCS (µ=3), there are 8 time slots per subframe, 80 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.125 ms, a symbol duration of 8.33 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 240 kHz SCS (µ=4), there are 16 time slots per subframe, 160 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.0625 ms, a symbol duration of 4.17 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size.

[0081] exist Figures 4A to 4D In the example, a parameter set of 15 kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1 ms long, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figures 4A to 4D In the diagram, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

[0082] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-parallel resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE can correspond to a symbol length in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figures 4A to 4DIn the parameter set, for a normal cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0083] Some REs carry downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). DL-RS may include PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, etc. Figure 4A Example locations of REs carrying PRS (labeled "R") are shown.

[0084] A collection of resource elements (REs) used to transmit PRS is called a "PRS resource". A collection of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and "N" (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbols in a time slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupies a consecutive PRS in the frequency domain.

[0085] The transmission of PRS resources within a given PRB has a specific comb size (also known as "comb density"). The comb size "N" represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / frequency modulation spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a comb size "N", the PRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of the PRB symbol. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, the RE corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such as subcarrier 0, 4, 8) is used to transmit the PRS resource. Currently, for DL-PRS, comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, and comb-12 are supported. Figure 4A An example PRS resource configuration for Comb-6 (which spans six symbols) is shown. That is, the position of the shaded RE (labeled "R") indicates the Comb-6 PRS resource configuration.

[0086] Currently, DL-PRS resources may span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within time slots with a fully frequency-domain interleaved pattern. DL-PRS resources can be configured in downlink or flexible (FL) symbols at any higher layer configuration within the time slot. For all REs of a given DL-PRS resource, per resource element (EPRE) may have a constant energy. The following are symbol-to-symbol frequency offsets with comb sizes of 2, 4, 6, and 12 symbols. 2-symbol comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 12-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3}; 12-symbol comb-4: { 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-code element comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; 12-code element comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-code element comb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4, 10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

[0087] A “PRS resource set” is a collection of PRS resources used to transmit PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Furthermore, PRS resources within a PRS resource set are associated with the same Time Retention Port (TRP). A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and associated with a specific TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Additionally, PRS resources within a PRS resource set share the same period, a common silence pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as “PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across time slots. The period is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource in the first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource in the next PRS instance. The length of the period can be selected from 2^µ. The number of time slots is {4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240}, where µ = 0, 1, 2, 3. The length of the repetition factor can be selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} time slots.

[0088] In a PRS resource set, a PRS resource ID is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP can transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam; therefore, a "PRS resource," or simply a "resource," can also be referred to as a "beam." Note that this does not affect whether the UE is aware of the TRP and the beam on which the PRS is transmitted.

[0089] A “PRS instance” or “PRS scenario” is an instance of a periodic recurring time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive time slots) from which PRS is expected to be sent. A PRS scenario may also be referred to as a “PRS location scenario”, “PRS location instance”, “location scenario”, “location instance”, “location repetition”, or simply “scenario”, “instance”, or “repetition”.

[0090] A “location frequency layer” (also simply a “frequency layer”) is a cluster of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs that share the same values ​​for certain parameters. Specifically, a cluster of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning all parameter sets supported by PDSCH also support PRS), the same point A, the same downlink PRS bandwidth value, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The point A parameter takes the value of the parameter “ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “Absolute Radio Channel Number”) and is an identifier / code specifying a pair of physical radio channels used for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth can have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers have been defined, and each frequency layer can be configured with up to two PRS resource sets per TRP.

[0091] The concept of a frequency layer is somewhat similar to that of component carriers and bandwidth portions (BWPs), but the difference is that component carriers and BWPs are used by a single base station (or macrocell base station and small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while a frequency layer is used by several (usually three or more) base stations to transmit PRSs. When a UE sends its positioning capabilities to the network, such as during an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) session, the UE can indicate the number of frequency layers it can support. For example, the UE can indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

[0092] Figure 4B Examples of various channels within a downlink time slot of a radio frame are shown. In NR, channel bandwidth, or system bandwidth, is divided into multiple BWPs. A BWP is a set of consecutive PRBs selected from consecutive subsets of common RBs with a given set of parameters on a given carrier. Typically, a maximum of four BWPs can be specified for both downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configured with up to four BWPs on the downlink and up to four BWPs on the uplink. Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) is active at a given time, meaning the UE can only receive or transmit through one BWP at a time. On the downlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater than the bandwidth of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.

[0093] refer to Figure 4B The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identifiers. The UE uses the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) to determine the physical layer cell identifier group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identifier and physical layer cell identifier group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DL-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the MIB can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also known as SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs and the System Frame Number (SFN) in the downlink system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)) not transmitted via the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0094] The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries Downlink Control Information (DCI) within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs). Each CCE includes one or more RE Group (REG) bundles (which can span multiple symbols in the time domain). Each REG bundle includes one or more REGs, and each REG corresponds to 12 resource elements (one resource block) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. The set of physical resources used to carry the PDCCH / DCI is called the Control Resource Set (CORESET) in NR. In NR, the PDCCH is confined to a single CORESET and transmitted along with its own DMRS. This enables UE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

[0095] exist Figure 4B In the example, each BWP has one CORESET, and this CORESET spans three symbols in the time domain (although it may only have one or two symbols). Unlike the LTE control channel, which occupies the entire system bandwidth, in NR, the PDCCH channel is localized to a specific region in the frequency domain (i.e., the CORESET). Therefore, Figure 4B The frequency components of the PDCCH shown are represented in the frequency domain as less than a single BWP. Note that although the CORESET shown is continuous in the frequency domain, it does not need to be continuous. Furthermore, the CORESET can span fewer than three symbols in the time domain.

[0096] The DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent) and a description of the downlink data sent to the UE, referred to as uplink and downlink grants, respectively. More specifically, the DCI indicates the resources scheduled for downlink data channels (e.g., PDSCH) and uplink data channels (e.g., PUSCH). Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of several formats. For example, uplink scheduling, downlink scheduling, uplink transmit power control (TPC), etc., have different DCI formats. The PDCCH can be transmitted via 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs to accommodate different DCI payload sizes or coding rates.

[0097] Figure 4C Examples of various reference signals (RS) within the downlink time slot of a radio frame are shown. Figure 4C As shown, some REs (labeled "R") carry DMRS for channel estimation at the receiver (e.g., base station, another UE, etc.). The UE can also transmit SRS in, for example, the last symbol of a time slot. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the combs. Figure 4C In the example, the SRS shown is comb-2 on one symbol. The base station can use this SRS to obtain Channel State Information (CSI) for each UE. CSI describes how the RF signal propagates from the UE to the base station and represents the combined effects of scattering, fading, and power attenuation with distance. The system uses SRS for resource scheduling, link adaptation, massive MIMO, beam management, etc.

[0098] Currently, SRS resources may span 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 consecutive symbols within a time slot, with comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, or comb-8. The following are the symbol-to-symbol frequency offsets for currently supported SRS comb patterns. 1-code-comb-2: {0}; 2-code-comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-code-comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-code-comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3}; 8-code-comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 12-code-comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 4-code-comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6}; 8-code-comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7}; and 12-code-comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7, 0, 4, 2, 6}.

[0099] A cluster of resource elements used for transmitting SRS is called an "SRS resource" and can be identified by the parameter "SRS-ResourceId". A cluster of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and N (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbols within a time slot in the time domain. Within a given OFDM symbol, an SRS resource occupies a consecutive PRB. An "SRS resource set" is a collection of SRS resources used for transmitting SRS signals and is identified by the SRS resource set ID ("SRS-ResourceSetId").

[0100] Typically, the UE transmits SRS to enable the receiving base station (serving base station or neighboring base station) to measure the channel quality between the UE and the base station. However, SRS can also serve as an uplink positioning reference signal in the uplink positioning process, such as UL-TDOA, multiple RTT, DL-AoA, etc.

[0101] Several enhancements to the previous SRS definition have been proposed for the SRS used for positioning (also known as "UL-PRS"), such as new interleaving patterns within SRS resources (except for single-symbol / comb-2), new comb types for SRS, new SRS sequences, a greater number of SRS resource sets per component carrier, and a greater number of SRS resources per component carrier. Furthermore, the parameters "SpatialRelationInfo" and "PathLossReference" will be configured based on the downlink reference signal or SSB from the adjacent TRP. Additionally, an SRS resource can be transmitted outside the active BWP, and an SRS resource can span multiple component carriers. Furthermore, the SRS can be configured to be in RRC connected state and transmitted only within the active BWP. Furthermore, there may be no frequency hopping, no repetition factor, a single antenna port, and new SRS lengths (e.g., 8 and 12 symbols). Open-loop power control instead of closed-loop power control is also possible, and comb-8 (i.e., SRS transmitted every eighth subcarrier in the same symbol) can be used. Finally, the UE can transmit from multiple SRS resources used for UL-AoA using the same transmit beam. All of these are additional features of the current SRS framework, which is configured via higher-level RRC signaling (and may be triggered or activated via MAC control elements (CE) or DCI).

[0102] Figure 4DExamples of various channels within uplink time slots of a frame according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown. A random access channel (RACH), also known as a physical random access channel (PRACH), can be configured within one or more time slots of a frame based on the PRACH. A PRACH can comprise six consecutive RB pairs within a time slot. The PRACH allows the UE to perform initial system access and achieve uplink synchronization. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be located at the edge of the uplink system bandwidth. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, CSI reports, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. A physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) carries data and can also be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power headroom reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0103] Please note that the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as, but not limited to, PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., as defined in LTE and NR. Furthermore, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals unless the context otherwise indicates. If further differentiation of the type of PRS is required, a downlink positioning reference signal can be referred to as "DL-PRS," and an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., SPS, PTRS used for positioning) can be referred to as "UL-PRS." Additionally, for signals that can be transmitted in both uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), "UL" or "DL" can be added before the signal to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be different from "DL-DMRS."

[0104] Figure 5 Figure 500 shows a base station (BS) 502 (which may correspond to any base station described herein) communicating with UE 504 (which may correspond to any UE described herein). Reference Figure 5Base station 502 can transmit beamforming signals to UE 504 on one or more transmit beams 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, 502g, each beamforming signal having a beam identifier that UE 504 can use to identify the corresponding beam. When base station 502 uses a single antenna array (e.g., a single TRP / cell) to beamform towards UE 504, base station 502 can perform a “beam scan” by transmitting the first beam 502a, then beam 502b… up to the last beam 502g. Alternatively, base station 502 can transmit beams 502a-502g in a pattern such as beam 502a, then beam 502g, then beam 502b, then beam 502f, and so on. In the case where base station 502 uses multiple antenna arrays (e.g., multiple TRPs / cells) to beamform toward UE 504, each antenna array can perform beam scanning of a subset of beams 502a-502g. Alternatively, each of beams 502a-502g can correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.

[0105] Figure 5 Paths 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, and 512g are also shown, followed by beamforming signals transmitted on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, respectively. Each path 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, and 512g can correspond to a single "multipath," or can consist of multiple (a cluster of) "multipaths" due to the propagation characteristics of radio frequency (RF) signals through the environment. Note that although only the paths of beams 502c-502g are shown, for simplicity, the signals transmitted on each beam 502a-502g will also follow some paths. In the example shown, paths 512c, 512d, 512e, and 512f are straight lines, while path 512g is reflected off an obstacle 520 (e.g., a building, vehicle, terrain feature, etc.).

[0106] UE 504 can receive beamforming signals from base station 502 on one or more receive beams 504a, 504b, 504c, 504d. Note that, for simplicity, Figure 5 The beams shown represent either transmit or receive beams, depending on which of the base station 502 and UE 504 is transmitting and which is receiving. Therefore, UE 504 can also transmit beamforming signals to base station 502 on one or more of beams 504a-504d, and base station 502 can receive beamforming signals from UE 504 on one or more of beams 502a-502g.

[0107] In one aspect, base station 502 and UE 504 can perform beam training to align their transmit and receive beams. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, base station 502 and UE 504 can determine that the optimal transmit and receive beams are 502d and 504b, or 502e and 504c, respectively. The direction of the optimal transmit beam of base station 502 can be the same as or different from the direction of the optimal receive beam; similarly, the direction of the optimal receive beam of UE 504 can be the same as or different from the direction of the optimal transmit beam. However, it should be noted that aligning the transmit and receive beams is not necessary for performing downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) positioning procedures.

[0108] To perform the DL-AoD positioning process, base station 502 can transmit reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to UE 504 on one or more of beams 502a-502g. Each beam has a different transmission angle. The different transmission angles of the beams will result in different received signal strengths (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) at UE 504. Specifically, the received signal strength will be lower for the transmission beams 502a-502g that are farther from the line-of-sight (LOS) path 510 between base station 502 and UE 504 than for the transmission beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path 510.

[0109] exist Figure 5 In the example, if base station 502 transmits reference signals to UE 504 on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, then transmit beam 502e is preferably aligned with LOS path 510, while transmit beams 502c, 502d, 502f, and 502g are not aligned with LOS path 510. Thus, beam 502e may have a higher received signal strength at UE 504 than beams 502c, 502d, 502f, and 502g. Note that reference signals transmitted on some beams (e.g., beams 502c and / or 502f) may not reach UE 504, or the energy reaching UE 504 from these beams may be so low that it may be undetectable or at least negligible.

[0110] UE 504 can report to base station 502 the received signal strength of each measured transmit beam 502c-502g, and optionally, the associated measurement quality, or alternatively, the transmit beam with the highest received signal strength. Figure 5The example beam 502e is identified. Alternatively or additionally, if UE 504 also has round-trip time (RTT) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning sessions with at least one base station 502 or multiple base stations 502, UE 504 may report received transmission time difference (Rx-Tx) or reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements (and optionally associated measurement quality) to the serving base station 502 or other positioning entity. In any case, the positioning entity (e.g., base station 502, location server, third-party client, UE 504, etc.) may estimate the angle from base station 502 to UE 504 as the AoD of the transmission beam with the highest received signal strength at UE 504, here transmission beam 502e.

[0111] In one aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, where only one base station 502 is involved, base station 502 and UE 504 can perform a round-trip time (RTT) procedure to determine the distance between base station 502 and UE 504. Therefore, the positioning entity can determine the direction to UE 504 (using DL-AoD positioning) and the distance to UE 504 (using RTT positioning) to estimate the location of UE 504. Note that, as... Figure 5 As shown, the AoD of the transmit beam with the highest received signal strength is not necessarily located on LOS path 510. However, for positioning purposes based on DL-AoD, this is assumed to be the case.

[0112] In another aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, multiple involved base stations 502 exist, each capable of reporting a determined AoD from base station 502 to UE 504 to the positioning entity. The positioning entity receives multiple such AoDs for UE 504 from the multiple involved base stations 502 (or other geographically separated transmission points). Using this information and knowledge of the geographic locations of base stations 502, the positioning entity can estimate the location of UE 504 as the intersection of the received AoDs. For a two-dimensional (2D) positioning solution, at least two involved base stations 502 are required; however, it is understood that the more base stations 502 involved in the positioning process, the more accurate the estimated location of UE 504 will be. For UE-assisted positioning, the serving base station reports RSRP measurements to the positioning entity (e.g., a location server). The AoD is not determined or reported by each base station.

[0113] To perform the UL-AoA positioning procedure, UE 504 transmits an uplink reference signal (e.g., UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to base station 502 on one or more of the uplink transmit beams 504a-504d. Base station 502 receives the uplink reference signal on one or more of the uplink receive beams 502a-502g. Base station 502 determines the angle of the optimal receive beams 502a-502g for receiving one or more reference signals from UE 504, as the AoA from UE 504 to base station 502. Specifically, each receive beam 502a-502g will result in a different received signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) for one or more reference signals at base station 502. Furthermore, for the receive beams 502a-502g that are farther from the actual LOS path between base station 502 and UE 504, the channel impulse response of one or more reference signals will be smaller than that for the receive beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path. Similarly, the received signal strength will be lower for the receive beams 502a-502g that are farther from the LOS path than for the receive beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path. Thus, base station 502 identifies the receive beam 502a-502g that results in the highest received signal strength and, optionally, the strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the angle from itself to UE 504 as the AoA of that receive beam 502a-502g. Note that, as with DL-AoD-based positioning, the AoA of the receive beam 502a-502g that results in the highest received signal strength (and, if measured, the strongest channel impulse response) is not necessarily located on LOS path 510. However, for positioning purposes based on UL AoA, this can be assumed in FR2. For FR1, AoA estimation can be performed using digital beam scanning. For example, UE 504 can estimate the AoA as the AoA of the earliest path with power greater than a certain threshold.

[0114] Note that although UE 504 is shown to be capable of beamforming, this is not necessary for DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning procedures. Instead, UE 504 can receive and transmit on an omnidirectional antenna.

[0115] In the case where UE 504 is estimating its location (i.e., the UE is the location entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of base station 502. UE 504 can obtain its location from, for example, base station 502 itself or a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP272). Knowing the distance to base station 502 (based on RTT or timing advance), the angle between base station 502 and UE 504 (based on the UL-AoA of the optimal receive beams 502a-502g), and the known geographic location of base station 502, UE 504 can estimate its location.

[0116] Alternatively, when a positioning entity (such as base station 502 or a location server) is estimating the location of UE 504, base station 502 reports the AoA of the receive beams 502a-502g that result in the highest received signal strength (and optionally the strongest channel impulse response) of the reference signal received from UE 504, or all received signal strengths and channel impulse responses of all receive beams 502a-502g (this allows the positioning entity to determine the optimal receive beams 502a-502g). Base station 502 may additionally report the Rx-Tx time difference to UE 504. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of UE 504 based on the distance from UE 504 to base station 502, the AoA of the identified receive beams 502a-502g, and the known geographic location of base station 502.

[0117] Assistance data can be provided to the UE to enable it to perform UE-based downlink positioning. One such information element (IE) is the NR-PositionCalculationAssistance IE, as shown below:

[0118] NR-PositionCalculationAssistance-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0119] nr-TRP-LocationInfo-r16

[0120] NR-TRP-LocationInfo-r16

[0121] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0122] nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfo-r16

[0123] NR-DL-PRS-BeamInfo-r16

[0124] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0125] nr-RTD-Info-r16

[0126] NR-RTD-Info-r16

[0127] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON ...

[0129] }

[0130] The nr-TRP-LocationInfo-r16 provides the location coordinates of the antenna reference point of the TRP, the nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfo-r16 provides the spatial orientation of the DL-PRS resources of the TRP, and the nr-RTD-Info-r16 provides the time synchronization information between the reference TRP and adjacent TRPs.

[0131] NR-DL-PRS-BeamInfoPerTRP-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0132] dl-PRS-ID-r16

[0133] INTEGER (0..255),

[0134] nr-PhysCellID-r16

[0135] NR-PhysCellID-r16

[0136] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0137] nr-CellGlobalID-r16

[0138] NCGI-r15

[0139] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0140] nr-ARFCN-r16

[0141] ARFCN-ValueNR-r15

[0142] OPTIONAL,-- Cond NotSameAsRefServ

[0143] associated-DL-PRS-ID-r16

[0144] INTEGER (0..255)

[0145] OPTIONAL

[0146] lcs-GCS-TranslationParameter-r16

[0147] LCS-GCS-TranslationParameter-r16

[0148] OPTIONAL,-- Need OP

[0149] dl-PRS-BeamInfoSet-r16

[0150] DL-PRS-BeamInfoSet-r16

[0151] OPTIONAL, ...

[0153] }

[0154] DL-PRS-BeamInfoSet-r16 ::= SEQUENCE

[0155] (SIZE(1..nrMaxSetsPerTrp-r16)) OF

[0156] DL-PRS-BeamInfoResourceSet-r16

[0157] DL-PRS-BeamInfoResourceSet-r16 ::= SEQUENCE

[0158] (SIZE(1..nrMaxResourcesPerSet-r16)) OF

[0159] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement-r16

[0160] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0161] dl-PRS-Azimuth-r16

[0162] INTEGER (0..359),

[0163] dl-PRS-Azimuth-fine-r16

[0164] INTEGER (0..9)

[0165] OPTIONAL,-- Need ON

[0166] dl-PRS-Elevation-r16

[0167] INTEGER (0..180)

[0168] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0169] dl-PRS-Elevation-fine-r16

[0170] INTEGER (0..9)

[0171] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON ...

[0173] }

[0174] Figure 6 A conventional PRS transmission is illustrated, comprising a set of eight PRS resources, namely eight PRS transmission beams with azimuth angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 degrees. Each of the eight PRS transmission beams has its own spatial transmission (TX) filter, which specifies spatial transmission characteristics such as azimuth, elevation, and beamwidth. However, in Figure 6 For clarity, only five of the eight PRS beams are shown: PRS1, which transmits at an azimuth angle of 30 degrees; PRS2 (45 degrees); PRS3 (60 degrees); PRS4 (75 degrees) and PRS5 (90 degrees). Figure 6 The sensed power of each PRS transmission beam relative to the TRP transmitting PRS1-PRS5 at different azimuth angles is shown. For example, the received power of PRS1 is the highest for a UE at an azimuth angle of 30 degrees from the TRP, the received power of PRS2 is the highest for a UE at an azimuth angle of 60 degrees from the TRP, and so on.

[0175] exist Figure 6In the example shown, the UE is located at an azimuth angle of 65 degrees relative to the TRP of the transmitted PRS1-PRS5. The graph on the left shows the relative power (e.g., RSRP) of each PRS transmission beam as seen by the UE, with PRS3 having the highest RSRP, PRS4 the second highest, PRS2 the third highest, PRS5 the second lowest, and PRS1 the lowest. The graph on the right plots the measured RSRP values ​​on the Y-axis and the transmitted RSRP angle on the X-axis. Of the five RSRP measurements, the UE determines that PRS3 has the highest RSRP value, and therefore estimates its position at an azimuth angle of 60 degrees relative to the TRP—the PRS angle at which the highest RSRP was measured. However, this estimate is not entirely accurate because the PRS transmitted at the azimuth angle closest to the UE—PRS3 (60 degrees)—would have produced a higher RSRP value if it had been transmitted at 65 degrees, but the UE does not have enough information to know this fact. From the UE's perspective, it detected that PRS3 at a 60-degree azimuth angle produced the highest RSRP measured by the UE, and the UE did not indicate that the RSRP could be higher. Figure 6 The traditional method shown has an azimuth error of 5 degrees.

[0176] Figure 7 An improved method for PRS transmission based on one aspect is illustrated. Figure 7 In, with Figure 6 The same set of eight PRS transmission beams is transmitted, but during the next transmission of these eight PRS transmission beams, the azimuth angle of the transmission is offset by 7.5 degrees. In some respects, each of the eight PRS transmission beams operates according to a new spatial TX filter. Alternatively, the existing spatial TX filter for each beam can be modified or updated, for example, by offsetting the azimuth angle by an amount (7.5 degrees in this example). The offset PRS transmission components are labeled PRS1' to PRS5'. During the next transmission, the UE again performs RSRP measurements on the PRS transmission beams, and because the azimuth angle of the PRS transmission beams has been offset, the additional beams provide higher resolution RSRP data. Figure 7 As shown on the right, the UE has more than twice as many points to plot, which allows the UE to determine the estimated azimuth angle with better resolution. Figure 7 In the example shown, the UE determined that the highest RSRP value was detected at 67.5 degrees, with an azimuth error of only 2.5 degrees, or Figure 6 The azimuth error is half that of traditional methods. Furthermore, the UE now has more data points to attempt curve fitting, meaning the UE can calculate... Figure 7 The highest point on the RSRP curve shown on the right is located at an azimuth angle of slightly less than 67.5 degrees, that is, 65 degrees, which is the actual position of the UE.

[0177] Figure 8A and Figure 8B An improved method for PRS transmission based on some aspects is shown, illustrating the first transmission set ( Figure 8A ) and subsequent group transmission sets ( Figure 8B A top view of the PRS beam position. Figure 8B The positions of the first transmission set (labeled 1 to 8) relative to the second, offset transmission set (labeled 1' to 8') are shown. Higher angular resolution can be achieved by interleaving the two transmission sets. In some respects, this is achieved by using two sets of spatial TX filters, for example, the first set is used for... Figure 8A The beam direction shown, the second set is used for Figure 8B The beam direction is shown. Alternatively, this can be achieved by providing a spatial TX filter set, for example, for Figure 8A The beam direction is shown, along with a set of parameters defining how many repetitions to perform and the azimuth offset to be applied to each repetition.

[0178] Figure 9A and Figure 9B An improved method for PRS transmission according to another aspect is shown, illustrating the first transmission set ( Figure 9A ) and subsequent transport sets ( Figure 9B A top view of the PRS beam position. Figure 9A and Figure 9B The same concept has been shown to be extended to more than one subsequent PRS transmission set. Figure 9B The locations of the first transmission set (labeled 1 to 4), the second transmission set (labeled 1' to 4'), and the third transmission set (labeled 1'' to 4'') are shown. By interleaving multiple transmission sets, higher angular resolution can be achieved even with fewer PRS transmission beams. For example, Figure 9A and Figure 9B The example shown can provide information about... Figure 8A and Figure 8B The example shown has a comparable angular resolution while using half the number of PRS transmission beams.

[0179] Figures 10A to 10C An improved method for PRS transmission according to another aspect is shown, illustrating the first transmission set ( Figure 10A ) and subsequent transport sets ( Figure 10B and Figure 10C A top view of the PRS beam position. Figures 10A-10CIn the example shown, instead of eight PRS transmissions spaced 120 degrees across the entire sector angle, the eight PRS transmission beams are transmitted only in a small fraction of the sector size; in this example, it's one-third of the sector. Therefore, in Figure 10A In this configuration, all eight PRS transmission beams occupy only 40 degrees of a 120-degree sector, for example, the first 40 degrees of the sector. Figure 10B In this configuration, the next repetition of the eight PRS transmission beams occupies only the next 40 degrees of the sector. Figure 10C In this method, the third repetition of the eight PRS transmission beams occupies the last 40 degrees of the sector. In this way, using the same number of PRS transmission beams as the conventional method, the angular resolution can be improved by three times.

[0180] Figures 11A to 11C An improved method for PRS transmission according to another aspect is shown, illustrating the first transmission set ( Figure 11A ) and subsequent transport sets ( Figure 11B and Figure 11C A top view of the PRS beam position. Figures 11A-11C This demonstrates that PRS offset can also be used to rotate the PRS transmission beam to other sectors. In this way, a PRS beam configuration can be defined for one sector, and that PRS beam configuration can be replicated in other sectors using a large PRS offset. For example, in... Figure 11A In this configuration, eight PRS transmission beams (labeled 1 to 8) occupy a 120-degree sector; Figure 11B In the middle, eight PRS transmission beams are shifted so that during the next repetition, eight PRS transmission beams (labeled 1' to 8') occupy the second sector; in Figure 11C In the process, the eight PRS transmission beams are shifted again so that they occupy the third sector (labeled 1'' to 8''). Then, the eight PRS transmission beams can be shifted again so that they again occupy the first sector, and so on. Note that multiple shifts can be defined, such as the first shift used to generate... Figure 7 , Figure 8A -Figure B, Figure 9A -Figure B and Figure 10A - As shown in Figure C, the second offset is used to copy those styles in each sector, such as Figure 11A - As shown in Figure C.

[0181] In the example disclosed above, for a specific PRS transmission beam, the azimuth angle varies from one transmission of that beam to subsequent transmissions. However, the same concept can be applied to any parameter of a PRS transmission beam, including but not limited to elevation angle, beamwidth, transmission power, etc. For example, Figure 12A and Figure 12B The width of the modified PRS transmission beam is shown.

[0182] Figure 12A and Figure 12B An improved method for PRS transmission according to another aspect is shown, illustrating the first transmission set ( Figure 12A ) and subsequent transport sets ( Figure 12B A top view of the PRS beam position. (e.g.) Figure 12A As shown, during the first transmission set, the PRS transmission beams (labeled 1 to 9) have a first width. Figure 12B As shown, during the second transmission set, the PRS transmission beams (labeled 1' to 9') have a second width that is narrower than the first width. The second beam set provides the UE with additional data, which the UE can use to determine its azimuth relative to the TRP.

[0183] Any of the techniques described herein can be implemented alone or in combination with another technique. In some aspects, each PRS resource is transmitted multiple times, and during each transmission, the azimuth, elevation, and / or beamwidth of the PRS resource can be modified.

[0184] For example, in one aspect, TRP can use a set of azimuth offsets and a set of elevation offsets to repeat the transmission of PRS resource sets. In another aspect, TRP can perform a first repeated set using azimuth offsets while keeping the elevation angle constant, then apply the offsets to the elevation angle; perform a second repeated set using azimuth offsets while keeping the elevation angle constant at the new value, applying another offset to the elevation angle, and repeat this process until all combinations of azimuth and elevation angles have been used. Alternatively, elevation offsets can be scanned while keeping the same azimuth angle, then the elevation offsets can be scanned using the new azimuth angle, and so on, until all combinations of azimuth and elevation angles have been used. In yet another aspect, each azimuth offset can be paired with a corresponding elevation offset, such that during the Nth repetition, the Nth azimuth offset and the Nth elevation offset are used.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will understand that the behavior described herein can be achieved by providing a complete set of spatial TX filters for each PRS transmission repetition, or by providing a basic set of spatial TX filters for the first PRS transmission repetition and a set of parameters describing how one or more characteristics of the spatial TX filters change with each repetition, such as azimuth offset, elevation offset, width offset, etc.

[0186] So far, PRS transmission has been described from the TRP's perspective. However, it should be understood that in order to utilize the aforementioned techniques, the UE should know how the TRP intends to transmit PRS signals and how it intends to modify those PRS signals between different repetitions. Therefore, in some aspects, this information is provided to the UE. In some aspects, the following auxiliary data can be provided to the UE, where changes to conventional auxiliary data are shown in bold underlined font:

[0187] DL-PRS-BeamInfoResourceSet-r16 ::= SEQUENCE

[0188] (SIZE(1..nrMaxResourcesPerSet-r16)) OF

[0189] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElementSet

[0190] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElementSet ::= SEQUENCE

[0191] (SIZE(1..nrMaxResourcesPerResource-R16)) OF

[0192] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement

[0193] DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0194] dl-PRS-Azimuth-r16

[0195] INTEGER (0..359),

[0196] dl-PRS-Azimuth-fine-r16

[0197] INTEGER (0..9)

[0198] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0199] dl-PRS-Elevation-r16

[0200] INTEGER (0..180)

[0201] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0202] dl-PRS-Elevation-fine-r16

[0203] INTEGER (0..9)

[0204] OPTIONAL, -- Need ON

[0205] dl-PRS-HPBW-Az

[0206] INTEGER (0..239)

[0207] OPTIONAL

[0208] dl-PRS-HPBW-El

[0209] INTEGER (0..239)

[0210] OPTIONAL

[0211] }

[0212] The beam information resource set is now a set of beam information elements, and each beam information element set is a set of beam information elements. In the example shown above, each offset PRS transmission beam obtains its own unique DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement definition; for example, for the first repetition, the first DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement in the DL-PRS-BeamInfoElementSet is used, for the second repetition, the second DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement in the DL-PRS-BeamInfoElementSet is used, and so on. In addition, the DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement also includes the parameters dl-PRS-HPBW-Az and dl-PRS-HPBW-El. The parameter dl-PRS-HPBW-Az specifies the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam of the DL-PRS resource associated with that DL-PRS resource ID in the transmission DL-PRS resource set, while the parameter dl-PRS-HPBW-El specifies the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam of the DL-PRS resource associated with that DL-PRS resource ID in the transmission DL-PRS resource set. HPBW is the angle of half-power point subtended of the main lobe in the horizontal or vertical plane.

[0213] Alternatively, a single DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement can be provided, but with additional information describing one or more offset parameters to be applied at each repetition. In one aspect, N offsets can be provided, one offset for each of the N repetitions. In another aspect, if a single offset (e.g., a 15-degree azimuth offset) is provided, it is assumed that in the Nth repetition, (N-1) Offsets are applied to associated PRS resources (e.g., no offset for the first transmission, a 15-degree offset for the second, a 30-degree offset for the third, and so on). In one aspect, if a single offset exists associated with a set of PRS resources, the same offset is applied to all PRS resources in that set; for example, all PRS transmission beams are offset by 15 degrees on the next repetition. If two offsets are provided (e.g., one for azimuth and one for elevation), in one aspect, the transmitter maintains one offset while scanning the other, while in another aspect, in the Nth transmission, the transmitter will perform the same transmission using the Nth value of one offset and the Nth value of the other offset. In some aspects, a single offset can be defined for one parameter, and a set of offsets can be defined for another parameter.

[0214] The example above relates to DL PRS, but the same concepts can be applied to UL PRS (e.g., multiple repetitions using a probe reference signal (SRS)) and to SL PRS, such as UE to UE or BS to BS.

[0215] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of an example process 1300 associated with increased granularity of the departure angle measurement, based on several aspects. In some embodiments, Figure 13 One or more process blocks can be executed by the receiving entity (RE), for example, Figure 1 BS102 or Figure 1 UE 104 in the example. In some implementations, Figure 13 One or more process blocks can be executed by another device or group of devices that are separate from or include the RE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 One or more process blocks may be executed by one or more components of device 302 or device 304, such as processing system 332 or processing system 384, memory 340 or memory 386, WWAN transceiver 310 or WWAN transceiver 350, transceiver 320 or transceiver 360, user interface 346 or network interface 380.

[0216] like Figure 13As shown, process 1300 may include receiving a positioning resource beam configuration that defines a set of positioning resources, each positioning resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each different beam having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another different beam in at least one beam characteristic (block 1310). The different beam characteristics between beams may be the departure angle of the azimuth, the departure angle of the elevation, relative transmit power, half-power angle, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). In some aspects, the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink (DL) positioning resources, uplink (UL) positioning resources, or sidelink (SL) positioning resources.

[0217] In some aspects, the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource. In some aspects, the positioning resource beam configuration defines a first set of beam characteristics for one of the different beams and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first set of beam characteristics to calculate at least one offset of a second set of beam characteristics for the other of the different beams for each positioning resource. In some aspects, at least one offset is the same for each positioning resource in the positioning resource set. In some aspects, at least one offset of one positioning resource in the positioning resource set differs from at least one offset of another positioning resource in the positioning resource set.

[0218] In some respects, at least one offset includes an offset. In some respects, for multiple repetitions, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) is... An offset is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam. In some aspects, the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one for each of the two characteristics. In some aspects, the transmitter maintains one offset constant while modifying the other offset for each consecutive beam transmission. In some aspects, the transmitter modifies both offsets for each consecutive beam transmission. In some aspects, these two offsets include an azimuth offset and an elevation offset.

[0219] like Figure 13 As further shown, process 1300 may include performing positioning measurements on different beams at different times based on at least a set of beam characteristics (block 1320).

[0220] like Figure 13As further shown, process 1300 may include sending location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof (block 1330). In some aspects, the location information includes at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD).

[0221] In some respects, the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). In other respects, the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0222] although Figure 13 An example block of process 1300 is shown, but in some implementations, process 1300 may include... Figure 13 The blocks shown are compared to more blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks with different arrangements. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 1300 can be executed in parallel.

[0223] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of an example process 1400 associated with increased granularity of departure angle measurement. In some implementations, Figure 14 One or more process blocks can be executed by TRP, for example, Figure 1 BS 102 or Figure 1 UE 104 in the example. In some implementations, Figure 14 One or more process blocks can be executed by another device or group of devices that are separate from or include the RE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 One or more process blocks may be executed by one or more components of device 302 or device 304, such as processing system 332 or processing system 384, memory 340 or memory 386, WWAN transceiver 310 or WWAN transceiver 350, transceiver 320 or transceiver 360, user interface 346 or network interface 380.

[0224] like Figure 14As shown, process 1400 may include sending a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources to a receiving entity. Each location resource is transmitted by the TRP using a different beam at different times, and each different beam has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another different beam in at least one beam characteristic (block 1410). The different beam characteristics between beams may be azimuth departure angle, elevation departure angle, relative transmit power, half-power angle, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the set of location resources includes at least one of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). In some aspects, the set of location resources includes at least one of a downlink (DL) location resource, an uplink (UL) location resource, or a sidelink (SL) location resource.

[0225] In some aspects, the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource. In some aspects, the positioning resource beam configuration defines a first set of beam characteristics for one of the different beams and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first set of beam characteristics to calculate at least one offset of a second set of beam characteristics for the other of the different beams for each positioning resource. In some aspects, at least one offset is the same for each positioning resource in the positioning resource set. In some aspects, at least one offset of one positioning resource in the positioning resource set differs from at least one offset of another positioning resource in the positioning resource set.

[0226] In some respects, this at least one offset includes an offset. In some respects, for multiple repetitions, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) is... An offset is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam. In some aspects, the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one for each of the two characteristics. In some aspects, the transmitter maintains one offset constant while modifying the other offset for each consecutive beam transmission. In some aspects, the transmitter modifies both offsets for each consecutive beam transmission. In some aspects, these two offsets include an azimuth offset and an elevation offset.

[0227] like Figure 14 As further shown, process 1400 may include transmitting the set of positioning resources according to the positioning resource beam configuration (block 1420).

[0228] like Figure 14As further shown, process 1400 may include receiving location information from a receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources (block 1430). For example, as described above, a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) may receive location information from a receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some location resources. In some aspects, the location information includes at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD).

[0229] In some respects, the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). In other respects, the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0230] although Figure 14 An example block of process 1400 is shown, but in some implementations, process 1400 may include... Figure 14 The blocks shown are compared to more blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks with different arrangements. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 1400 can be executed in parallel.

[0231] As can be seen in the detailed description above, different features are combined together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to include more features than are expressly mentioned in each clause. Rather, aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those in the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should be considered as included in the specification, where each clause may serve as a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in the clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspects(s) of that dependent clause are not limited to that specific combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects(s) of dependent clauses with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or any feature combined with other dependent and independent clauses. The aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations unless expressly stated or it can be readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor). Furthermore, it is intended that aspects of the clauses be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause does not directly depend on the independent clause.

[0232] The following numbered clauses describe implementation examples:

[0233] Clause 1. A method for wireless communication performed by a receiving entity, the method comprising: receiving a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; performing location measurements on the different beams at different times, at least based on the set of beam characteristics; and transmitting location information to the TRP, the location information including at least some of the location measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof.

[0234] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the set of beam characteristics of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic, the at least one beam characteristic including azimuth departure angle, elevation departure angle, relative transmit power, half power angle, or a combination thereof.

[0235] Clause 3. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 2, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0236] Clause 4. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink (DL) positioning resources, uplink (UL) positioning resources, or sidelink (SL) positioning resources.

[0237] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource.

[0238] Clause 6. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a first beam characteristic set of one of the different beams for each positioning resource and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam characteristic set of the other of the different beams.

[0239] Clause 7. The method according to Clause 6, wherein at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

[0240] Clause 8. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

[0241] Clause 9. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein at least one offset includes an offset.

[0242] Clause 10. The method described in Clause 9, wherein for multiple repetitions, in the i-th repetition, the value is (i-1). (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

[0243] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 10, wherein at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset for each of the two characteristics.

[0244] Clause 12. The method according to any one of Clauses 10 to 11, wherein the transmitter maintains one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam transmission.

[0245] Clause 13. The method according to any one of Clauses 10 to 12, wherein the transmitter modifies two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

[0246] Clause 14. The method according to any one of Clauses 10 to 13, wherein the two offsets include azimuth offset and elevation offset.

[0247] Clause 15. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 14, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

[0248] Clause 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0249] Clause 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0250] Clause 18. A wireless communication method performed by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP), the method comprising: transmitting to a receiving entity a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; transmitting the location resource set according to the location resource beam configuration; and receiving from the receiving entity location information, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some of the location resources.

[0251] Clause 19. The method according to Clause 18, wherein each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the set of beam characteristics of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic, the at least one beam characteristic including azimuth departure angle, elevation departure angle, relative transmit power, half power angle, or a combination thereof.

[0252] Clause 20. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 19, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0253] Clause 21. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 20, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink (DL) positioning resources, uplink (UL) positioning resources, or sidelink (SL) positioning resources.

[0254] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 21, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource.

[0255] Clause 23. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 22, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a first beam characteristic set of one of the different beams for each positioning resource and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam characteristic set of the other of the different beams.

[0256] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 23, wherein at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

[0257] Clause 25. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 24, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

[0258] Clause 26. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 25, wherein at least one offset includes an offset.

[0259] Clause 27. The method described in Clause 26, wherein for multiple repetitions, in the i-th repetition, the value is (i-1). (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

[0260] Clause 28. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 27, wherein at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset for each of the two characteristics.

[0261] Clause 29. The method according to Clause 28, wherein the transmitter maintains one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam transmission.

[0262] Clause 30. The method according to any one of Clauses 28 to 29, wherein the transmitter modifies two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

[0263] Clause 31. The method according to any one of Clauses 28 to 30, wherein the two offsets include azimuth offset and elevation offset.

[0264] Clause 32. The method according to any one of Clauses 18 to 31, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

[0265] Clause 33. The method of claim 18, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0266] Clause 34. The method of claim 18, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

[0267] Clause 35. An apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the at least one processor being configured to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 34.

[0268] Clause 36. An apparatus comprising components for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 34.

[0269] Clause 37. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions including at least one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 34.

[0270] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using a variety of different techniques and processes. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0271] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been generally described above in accordance with their functions. Whether this function is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functions in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0272] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0273] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination of both. Software modules can reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Exemplary storage media are coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0274] In one or more examples, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, these functions can be stored on or transmitted to a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, with communication media including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave), then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) is included in the definition of medium. The disks and optical discs used here include optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0275] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates illustrative aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the aspects of the disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, plural forms are also contemplated unless explicitly limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication performed by a receiving entity, the method comprising: The system receives a set of location resource beam configurations, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. Positioning measurements are performed on the different beams at the different times, based at least on the beam characteristic set. as well as The location information is sent to the TRP, the location information including at least some of the location measurements, location estimates or combinations thereof.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration further includes an elevation angle departure angle offset, a relative transmit power offset, a half-power angle offset, a beamwidth offset, or a combination thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a positioning reference signal PRS, a sounding reference signal SRS, a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, or a demodulation reference signal DMRS.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink DL positioning resources, uplink UL positioning resources, or sidelink SL positioning resources.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines for each positioning resource a first beam characteristic set of one of the different beams and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam characteristic set of the other of the different beams.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one offset comprises an offset.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein for multiple repetitions of the transmission of the location resource set, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset being for each of the two characteristics.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein performing positioning measurements on the different beams at the different times comprises maintaining one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam measurement.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein performing positioning measurements on the different beams at the different times comprises modifying two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the two offsets include azimuth offset and elevation offset.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

18. A method for wireless communication performed by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP), the method comprising: A location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources is sent to the receiving entity. Each location resource is transmitted by the TRP at different times using a different beam. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. The location resource set is transmitted according to the location resource beam configuration; as well as Location information is received from the receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some of the location resources.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration further includes an elevation departure angle offset, a relative transmit power offset, a half-power angle offset, a beamwidth offset, or a combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink DL positioning resources, uplink UL positioning resources, or sidelink SL positioning resources.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines for each positioning resource a first beam characteristic set of one of the different beams and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam characteristic set of the other of the different beams.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one offset comprises an offset.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein for multiple repetitions of the transmission of the location resource set, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

28. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset being for each of the two characteristics.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein transmitting the set of positioning resources according to the positioning resource beam configuration includes maintaining one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam transmission.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein transmitting the location resource set according to the location resource beam configuration includes modifying two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein the two offsets include an azimuth offset and an elevation offset.

32. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

33. The method of claim 18, wherein the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

34. The method of claim 18, wherein the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

35. A receiving entity RE, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; and At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: The system receives a set of location resource beam configurations, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. Positioning measurements are performed on the different beams at the different times, based at least on the beam characteristic set. as well as The location information is sent to the TRP, the location information including at least some of the location measurements, location estimates or combinations thereof.

36. The RE of claim 35, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration further includes an elevation departure angle offset, a relative transmit power offset, a half-power angle offset, a beamwidth offset, or a combination thereof.

37. The RE of claim 35, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a positioning reference signal PRS, a sounding reference signal SRS, a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, or a demodulation reference signal DMRS.

38. The RE of claim 35, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink DL positioning resources, uplink UL positioning resources, or sidelink SL positioning resources.

39. The RE of claim 35, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each positioning resource.

40. The RE of claim 35, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines for each positioning resource a first beam feature set of one of the different beams and at least one feature to be applied to the first beam feature set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam feature set of the other of the different beams.

41. The RE of claim 40, wherein the at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

42. The RE of claim 40, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

43. The RE of claim 40, wherein the at least one offset comprises an offset.

44. The RE according to claim 43, wherein for multiple repetitions of the transmission of the location resource set, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

45. The RE of claim 40, wherein the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset for each of the two characteristics.

46. ​​The RE of claim 45, wherein performing positioning measurements on the different beams at the different times comprises maintaining one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam measurement.

47. The RE of claim 45, wherein performing positioning measurements on the different beams at the different times comprises modifying two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

48. The RE of claim 45, wherein the two offsets include an azimuth offset and an elevation offset.

49. The RE of claim 35, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

50. The RE of claim 35, wherein the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

51. The RE of claim 35, wherein the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

52. A Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; and At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: A location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources is sent to the receiving entity. Each location resource is transmitted by the TRP at different times using a different beam. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. The location resource set is transmitted according to the location resource beam configuration; as well as Location information is received from the receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some of the location resources.

53. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration further includes an elevation departure angle offset, a relative transmit power offset, a half-power angle offset, a beamwidth offset, or a combination thereof.

54. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of a positioning reference signal PRS, a sounding reference signal SRS, a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, or a demodulation reference signal DMRS.

55. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the set of positioning resources includes at least one of downlink DL positioning resources, uplink UL positioning resources, or sidelink SL positioning resources.

56. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the location resource beam configuration defines a set of beam characteristics for each beam for each location resource.

57. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the positioning resource beam configuration defines for each positioning resource a first beam characteristic set of one of the different beams and at least one characteristic to be applied to the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one offset of a second beam characteristic set of the other of the different beams.

58. The TRP of claim 57, wherein the at least one offset is the same for each location resource in the set of location resources.

59. The TRP of claim 57, wherein at least one offset of one location resource in the location resource set is different from at least one offset of another location resource in the location resource set.

60. The TRP of claim 57, wherein the at least one offset comprises an offset.

61. The TRP of claim 60, wherein for multiple repetitions of the transmission of the location resource set, in the i-th repetition, the value (i-1) (Offset) is applied to at least one characteristic in the first beam characteristic set to calculate at least one characteristic in the beam characteristic set of the i-th beam.

62. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the at least one offset comprises two offsets, one offset for each of the two characteristics.

63. The TRP of claim 62, wherein transmitting the set of positioning resources according to the positioning resource beam configuration includes maintaining one offset constant while modifying another offset for each consecutive beam transmission.

64. The TRP of claim 62, wherein transmitting the location resource set according to the location resource beam configuration includes modifying two offsets for each consecutive beam transmission.

65. The TRP of claim 62, wherein the two offsets include an azimuth offset and an elevation offset.

66. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the positioning information includes at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement, Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, or Angle of Departure (AoD).

67. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

68. The TRP of claim 52, wherein the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

69. A receiving entity RE, comprising: Components for receiving a positioning resource beam configuration that defines a set of positioning resources, each positioning resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; the positioning resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the positioning resource changes between a first transmission of the positioning resource and subsequent transmissions of the positioning resource for each positioning resource in the set; Components for performing positioning measurements on the different beams at the different times, at least based on the beam characteristic set; as well as Components for sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including at least some of the positioning measurements, positioning estimates, or combinations thereof.

70. A Transmit / Receive Point (TRP) comprising: Components for sending a location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources to a receiving entity, each location resource being transmitted by the TRP at different times using a different beam, each of the different beams having a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic; the location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset specifying how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set; A component for transmitting the set of positioning resources according to the positioning resource beam configuration; as well as A component for receiving location information from the receiving entity, the location information including at least some measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of the location resources.

71. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a receiving entity RE, cause the RE to: The system receives a set of location resource beam configurations, each location resource being transmitted by a transmitting / receiving point (TRP) at different times using different beams. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. At least based on the set of beam characteristics, positioning measurements are performed on the different beams at the different times; and The location information is sent to the TRP, the location information including at least some of the location measurements, location estimates or combinations thereof.

72. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmit / receive point (TRP), cause the TRP to: A location resource beam configuration defining a set of location resources is sent to the receiving entity. Each location resource is transmitted by the TRP at different times using a different beam. Each of the different beams has a set of beam characteristics that differs from the beam characteristic set of another of the different beams in at least one beam characteristic. The location resource beam configuration also includes an azimuth offset that specifies how the azimuth of the location resource changes between a first transmission of the location resource and subsequent transmissions of the location resource for each location resource in the set. The location resource set is transmitted according to the location resource beam configuration; and Location information is received from the receiving entity, the location information including measurements, location estimates, or combinations thereof of at least some of the location resources.

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