Monitoring structure

Abstract

The application relates to a monitoring structure and relates to the technical field of railway vehicles. The monitoring structure comprises a shell device coaxially arranged with an axle assembly, a temperature sensing element and a power supply device; the shell device is arranged on a bearing end cover; the temperature sensing element is arranged on the shell device, the temperature sensing element abuts against the bearing end cover and generates a corresponding temperature sensing electrical signal, the power supply device comprises a rotating assembly, a power generation assembly and a stationary assembly arranged in the shell device, the rotating assembly is arranged on the shell device and rotates with the shell device, and the stationary assembly is in a stationary state; wherein part of the power generation assembly is connected with the rotating assembly, and another part of the power generation assembly is connected with the stationary assembly, so that the power generation assembly generates electric energy and supplies power for the temperature sensing element. The technical scheme disclosed by the application can solve the problems that the temperature measurement mode of the axle assembly has low accuracy and low effectiveness, and the external power supply leads to complex wiring and high installation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway vehicle technology, and in particular to a monitoring structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of my country's railway transportation technology and carrying capacity, higher and stricter requirements have been put forward for the safety assurance in the railway freight transportation process.

[0003] The wheel and axle assembly is a crucial structural component of railway freight cars, comprising the axle and the wheels mounted on it. The operational status of the wheel and axle assembly is directly related to the normal operation of the freight car. While infrared temperature measurement is commonly used for wheel and axle assemblies, it suffers from several drawbacks: firstly, infrared temperature measurement lacks accuracy and effectiveness, failing to provide real-time monitoring of the entire freight car's operation; secondly, it requires an external power supply, which is generally unavailable for freight cars except for the locomotive, necessitating complex and costly wiring and installation at fixed ground-based detection stations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a monitoring structure that can solve the problems of low accuracy and effectiveness of existing wheel axle assembly temperature measurement methods, as well as the complex wiring and high installation cost caused by the need for external power supply.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a monitoring structure for use on a wheel axle assembly, including a housing device, a temperature sensing element, and a power supply device coaxially disposed with the wheel axle assembly;

[0006] The housing device is disposed on the bearing end cover of the wheel axle assembly;

[0007] The temperature sensing element is disposed on the housing device, and the temperature sensing element abuts against the bearing end cover and generates a corresponding temperature sensing electrical signal.

[0008] The power supply device includes a rotating component, a power generation component, and a stationary component disposed within the housing device. The rotating component is disposed on the housing device and rotates with the housing device, while the stationary component is in a stationary state.

[0009] In this configuration, a portion of the power generation component is connected to the rotating component, and another portion of the power generation component is connected to the stationary component, so that the power generation component generates electrical energy and supplies power to the temperature sensing element.

[0010] In one embodiment, the housing device includes:

[0011] The outer shell has a cavity;

[0012] A front cover is disposed at one end of the housing near the bearing end cover;

[0013] A rear cover is disposed at the end of the housing away from the bearing end cover;

[0014] An adapter assembly is disposed on the front cover. The adapter assembly includes a plug-in component disposed on the bearing end cover and an adapter component disposed on the front cover. The adapter component is provided with a plug-in groove that mates with the plug-in component.

[0015] The connector is inserted into the connector slot, the temperature sensor is disposed on the adapter, and the temperature sensor passes through the connector and abuts against the end face of the bearing end cover.

[0016] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly includes:

[0017] A rotating component, which is connected to the outer casing;

[0018] A partition is connected to the rotating component. One end of the partition abuts against the front cover and the other end is inserted into the rotating component. The partition is provided with an auxiliary hole and a partition cavity arranged along the axial direction of the rotating component. The auxiliary hole is located on the end of the partition that abuts against the front cover and is connected to the partition cavity.

[0019] The separator is provided with a wiring hole, one end of which is connected to the auxiliary hole and the other end is connected to the cavity.

[0020] In one embodiment, the stationary component includes:

[0021] A stationary component, the inner wall of which is rotatably connected to the rotating component via a rolling bearing, has a recessed portion therein, a portion of which is inserted into the rotating component.

[0022] A fixing element is provided on the outer wall of the stationary element;

[0023] A counterweight is disposed on the fixing member;

[0024] The stationary component, the rotating component, and the partition component together form a power supply cavity.

[0025] In one embodiment, the power generation component includes:

[0026] A first generator includes a first rotor section and a first stator section rotatably disposed within the first rotor section. A portion of the first rotor section is disposed within the partition cavity and connected to the partition member, and another portion of the first rotor section is located within the power supply cavity.

[0027] A first coupling is disposed on the recessed portion. The first coupling is located in the power supply cavity. Another part of the first rotor portion is connected to the recessed portion through the first coupling.

[0028] The second generator includes a second rotor section and a second stator section rotatably disposed within the second rotor section. A portion of the second rotor section is located passing through the recess and connected to the first coupling, while another portion of the second rotor section is located outside the power supply cavity.

[0029] A second coupling is disposed on the rear cover, and another part of the second rotor is connected to the rear cover via the second coupling.

[0030] In one embodiment, the monitoring structure includes a sensing device, which includes a first sensing unit and a second sensing unit;

[0031] The first sensing unit includes a first circuit board and a sensor assembly disposed on the first circuit board. The first circuit board is disposed on the front cover and located in the cavity. The first circuit board is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element.

[0032] The sensor assembly is used to sense the working state of the bearing end cap and generate a corresponding sensing electrical signal.

[0033] The second sensing unit includes a second circuit board, a travel sensing element, a communication component, and a signal processing element. The second circuit board is disposed on the fixing member and is electrically connected to the first circuit board.

[0034] The stroke sensing element is electrically connected to the second circuit board, and the stroke sensing element is used to sense the rotation stroke of the rotating element and generate a corresponding stroke sensing electrical signal;

[0035] The signal processing component is disposed on the second circuit board. The signal processing component is used to process the temperature sensing electrical signal, the sensing electrical signal, and the travel sensing electrical signal and generate corresponding analog electrical signals.

[0036] In one embodiment, the power supply device includes:

[0037] A dry cell battery is disposed on the fixing member, and the dry cell battery powers the second sensing unit.

[0038] A first energy storage component is disposed on the first circuit board. The first energy storage component is electrically connected to the first generator and the first sensing unit respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the first generator and provide the electrical energy to the first sensing unit.

[0039] The second energy storage component is disposed on the fixing member. The second energy storage component is electrically connected to the second generator and the second sensing unit respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the second generator and provide the electrical energy to the second sensing unit.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first energy storage component is an energy storage capacitor.

[0041] In one embodiment, the second sensing unit includes the communication component, which is disposed on the rear cover and used to transmit the analog electrical signal to an external control terminal.

[0042] In one embodiment, the auxiliary hole and the first generator have a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the separator.

[0043] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application's embodiments are that by setting a temperature sensor that abuts against the bearing end cover to sense the temperature, contact temperature measurement is achieved, which improves the accuracy of temperature measurement. Simultaneously, the temperature monitoring has high timeliness, enabling real-time monitoring of the bearing end cover temperature during railway freight car operation. By setting a power generation component to power the temperature sensor, wiring is simple, installation costs are low, and the monitoring structure of this application can be used even in freight cars without power supply, thereby improving the versatility of the monitoring structure. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0046] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Front view of the monitoring structure provided in the embodiment when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0047] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the monitoring structure provided in the embodiment when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0048] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the monitoring structure provided in the Chinese embodiment when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0049] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the connector provided in the Chinese embodiment when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0050] Figure 6 yes Figure 1An exploded view of the monitoring structure provided in the Chinese embodiment;

[0051] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the monitoring structure provided in the Chinese embodiment;

[0052] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view in the front view direction of the monitoring structure provided in the embodiment, when it is installed on the bearing end cover;

[0053] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the housing assembly provided in the Chinese embodiment in the front view direction;

[0054] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the power supply device provided in the Chinese embodiment in the front view direction;

[0055] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the pressure plate provided in the embodiment;

[0056] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0057] Figure 13 yes Figure 1 A flowchart of the monitoring structure provided in the Chinese embodiment.

[0058] Figure label:

[0059] 1. Bearing end cover; 10. Housing assembly; 110. Outer shell; 120. Front cover; 130. Rear cover; 140. Adapter assembly; 1401. Connector; 1402. Adapter; 1403. Connector slot; 20. Temperature sensing element; 30. Power supply device; 310. Rotating assembly; 3101. Rotating element; 3102. Separator; 3103. Auxiliary hole; 3104. Separating cavity; 3105. Wiring hole; 3106. Pressure plate; 3107. Separating cylinder; 3108. First motor mounting base; 3109. First hole section; 3110. Second hole section; 3111. Limiting frustum; 320. Power generation assembly; 3201. First generator; 3202. First stator section; 3203. First rotor section; 3204. 3205. Second generator; 3206. Second stator; 3207. Second rotor; 3208. First coupling; 3209. Second coupling; 330. Stationary assembly; 3301. Stationary component; 3302. Fixing component; 3303. Counterweight; 3304. Power supply cavity; 3305. Recess; 3306. First mounting bracket; 3307. Second mounting bracket; 3308. Second motor mounting base; 340. Dry cell battery; 350. First energy storage assembly; 360. Second energy storage assembly; 410. First sensing unit; 4101. First circuit board; 420. Second sensing unit; 4201. Second circuit board; 4202. Stroke sensing element; 4203. Magnet; 4204. Hall sensor; 4206. Antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] The wheel and axle assembly is a crucial structural component of railway freight cars, comprising the axle and the wheels mounted on it. The operational status of the wheel and axle assembly is directly related to the normal operation of the freight car. While infrared temperature measurement is commonly used for wheel and axle assemblies, it suffers from several drawbacks: firstly, infrared temperature measurement lacks accuracy and effectiveness, failing to provide real-time monitoring of the entire freight car's operation; secondly, it requires an external power supply, which is generally unavailable for freight cars except for the locomotive, necessitating complex and costly wiring and installation at fixed ground-based detection stations.

[0062] To address the aforementioned technical problems, at least one embodiment of this application provides a monitoring structure for use on a wheel axle assembly, including a housing device 10, a temperature sensing element 20, and a power supply device 30 coaxially disposed with the wheel axle assembly; the housing device 10 is disposed on the bearing end cover 1 of the wheel axle assembly; the temperature sensing element 20 is disposed on the housing device 10, abuts against the bearing end cover 1, and generates a corresponding temperature sensing electrical signal; the power supply device 30 includes a rotating component 310, a power generation component 320, and a stationary component 330 disposed within the housing device 10, the rotating component 310 being disposed on the housing device 10 and rotating with the housing device 10, and the stationary component 330 being stationary; wherein, a portion of the power generation component 320 is connected to the rotating component 310, and another portion of the power generation component 320 is connected to the stationary component 330, so that the power generation component 320 generates electrical energy and supplies power to the temperature sensing element 20.

[0063] As can be seen from the above, by setting a temperature sensor that abuts against the bearing end cover 1 to sense the temperature, contact temperature measurement is achieved, which can improve the accuracy of temperature measurement. At the same time, the temperature monitoring has high timeliness, enabling real-time monitoring of the temperature of the bearing end cover 1 during the operation of railway freight cars. By setting a power generation component 320 to power the temperature sensing element 20, the wiring is simple and the installation cost is low. The monitoring structure of this application can also be used in freight cars without power supply, thereby improving the versatility of the monitoring structure.

[0064] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 10 As shown, the monitoring structure is used on the wheel axle assembly. The monitoring structure includes a housing device 10, a temperature sensing element 20, and a power supply device 30, which are coaxially arranged with the wheel axle assembly. The housing device 10 is disposed on the bearing end cover 1 of the wheel axle assembly.

[0065] It should be noted that the wheel and axle assembly includes an axle and a wheel mounted on the axle, with the wheel and axle press-fitted together; the wheel and axle assembly also includes a bearing and a bearing end cover 1, with the inner ring of the bearing having an interference fit with the axle, and the exposed portion of the outer side of the bearing being covered by the bearing end cover 1; when the axle rotates, the inner ring of the bearing and the bearing end cover 1 rotate simultaneously.

[0066] Temperature sensing element 20 is disposed on housing device 10, and temperature sensing element 20 abuts against bearing end cover 1 and generates corresponding temperature sensing electrical signal.

[0067] It should be noted that the temperature sensing element 20 can be a temperature sensor. The temperature sensing element 20 abuts against the bearing end cover 1 to achieve contact temperature measurement, thereby improving the accuracy and real-time performance of temperature measurement.

[0068] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the power supply device 30 includes a rotating component 310, a power generation component 320, and a stationary component 330 disposed within the housing device 10. The rotating component 310 is disposed on the housing device 10 and rotates with the housing device 10, while the stationary component 330 is stationary. A portion of the power generation component 320 is connected to the rotating component 310, and another portion is connected to the stationary component 330, so that the power generation component 320 generates electrical energy and supplies power to the temperature sensing element 20.

[0069] By setting the power generation component 320 to power the temperature sensing element 20, the wiring is simple and the installation cost is low. The monitoring structure of this application can also be used in freight cars without power supply, thereby improving the versatility of the monitoring structure.

[0070] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing device 10 includes a housing 110, a front cover 120, a rear cover 130, and an adapter assembly 140, wherein the housing 110 has a cavity.

[0071] It should be noted that the outer shell 110, the front cover 120, and the rear cover 130 are all coaxially arranged with the bearing end cover 1. The outer shell 110 has a first countersunk hole on its end face near the bearing end cover 1. The front cover 120 is located in the first countersunk hole and is connected to the outer shell 110 by fasteners. The outer shell 110 has a second countersunk hole on its end face away from the bearing end cover 1. The rear cover 130 is located in the second countersunk hole and is connected to the outer shell 110 by fasteners.

[0072] The front cover 120 is located at one end of the housing 110 near the bearing end cover 1. It should be noted that a front cover seal is provided between the front cover 120 and the housing 110, for example, the front cover seal can be an O-ring.

[0073] The rear cover 130 is located at the end of the housing 110 away from the bearing end cover 1. It should be noted that a rear cover seal is provided between the rear cover 130 and the housing 110, for example, the rear cover seal can be an O-ring.

[0074] The adapter assembly 140 is disposed on the front cover 120. The adapter assembly 140 includes a plug 1401 disposed on the bearing end cover 1 and an adapter 1402 disposed on the front cover 120. The adapter 1402 is provided with a plug groove 1403 that mates with the plug 1401.

[0075] It should be noted that the adapter 1402 and the front cover 120 can be connected by integral molding, and the workshop part and the bearing end cover 1 are connected by fasteners.

[0076] The connector 1401 is inserted into the connector slot 1403, the temperature sensing element 20 is disposed on the adapter 1402, and the temperature sensing element 20 passes through the connector 1401 and abuts against the end face of the bearing end cover 1.

[0077] It should be noted that both the adapter 1402 and the connector 1401 are coaxially arranged with the bearing end cover 1. The connector groove 1403 is shaped to fit the connector 1401. Fasteners pass through the adapter 1402 and the connector 1401 to connect the adapter 1402 and the connector 1401. It should also be noted that the temperature sensing element 20 is coaxially arranged with the adapter 1402. The adapter 1402 has a mounting hole for mounting the temperature sensing element 20, and the connector 1401 has a mounting groove for the temperature sensing element 20 to pass through. The mounting groove is coaxially arranged with the connector 1401. Furthermore, it should be noted that the temperature sensing element 20 and the adapter 1402 can be connected by adhesive bonding.

[0078] The adapter component 140 allows the housing device 10 to be directly installed on the bearing end cover 1, which is simple and convenient, and the relevant sensing electrical signals collected are more real-time and accurate. The cooperation between the plug 1401 and the plug slot 1403 enables the plug 1401 and the adapter 1402 to be quickly positioned, providing a basis for the installation and fixation of the plug 1401 and the adapter 1402, while ensuring the coaxiality of the installation, reducing installation errors, and realizing quick installation and disassembly.

[0079] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the rotating assembly 310 includes a rotating member 3101 and a partition member 3102; the rotating member 3101 is connected to the housing 110. It should be noted that the rotating member 3101 is located inside the cavity, and the rotating member 3101 is connected to the housing 110 by fasteners, so that the rotating member 3101 and the housing 110 rotate together.

[0080] The partition 3102 is connected to the rotating member 3101. One end of the partition 3102 abuts against the front cover 120 and the other end is inserted into the rotating member 3101. The partition 3102 is provided with an auxiliary hole 3103 and a partition cavity 3104 arranged along the axial direction of the rotating member 3101. The auxiliary hole 3103 is located on the end of the partition 3102 that abuts against the front cover 120 and communicates with the partition cavity 3104.

[0081] It should be noted that the separator 3102 includes a pressure plate 3106 arranged along the axial direction of the rotating member 3101 and a first motor mounting base 3108. The front cover 120 is provided with a pressure hole for mounting the pressure plate 3106. The pressure plate 3106 is mounted on the front cover 120 by fasteners, and the first motor mounting base 3108 is mounted on the rotating member 3101 by fasteners. The separator 3102 also includes a separator cylinder 3107 installed in the first motor mounting base 3108. The pressure plate 3106, the first motor mounting base 3108 and the separator cylinder 3107 together form a separator cavity 3104.

[0082] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, it should also be noted that the center of the pressure plate 3106 is provided with a limiting frustum 3111, the auxiliary hole 3103 passes through the limiting frustum 3111, and the front cover 120 is provided with a limiting groove that cooperates with the limiting frustum 3111, so as to facilitate the quick installation of the pressure plate 3106 and the coaxiality of the installation.

[0083] The partition 3102 is provided with a wiring hole 3105, one end of which is connected to the auxiliary hole 3103 and the other end is connected to the cavity.

[0084] It should be noted that both the auxiliary hole 3103 and the wiring hole 3105 are located on the pressure plate 3106, and the auxiliary hole 3103 is connected to the mounting hole. It should also be noted that the auxiliary hole 3103 includes a first hole segment 3109 and a second hole segment 3110 that are coaxially arranged and connected. The diameter of the first hole segment 3109 is larger than the diameter of the second hole segment 3110, and the second hole segment 3110 is connected to the wiring hole 3105.

[0085] The separator 3102 provides a partition cavity 3104 for mounting the first generator 3201. At the same time, the auxiliary hole 3103 and the wiring hole 3105 are used to form a wiring channel for the cable of the temperature sensing element 20, so as to avoid the cable of the temperature sensing element 20 from contacting the first generator 3201, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the first generator 3201.

[0086] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the stationary component 330 includes a stationary member 3301, a fixing member 3302, and a counterweight 3303; the inner wall of the stationary member 3301 is rotatably connected to the rotating member 3101 through a rolling bearing, and the stationary member 3301 has a recess 3305, a portion of which is inserted into the rotating member 3101.

[0087] It should be noted that the stationary component 3301 can be a monolithic structure or a modular structure, for example, as shown in the figure. Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the stationary component 3301 is a split structure. The stationary component 3301 includes a stationary shaft that is rotatably connected to the rotating component 3101 via a rolling bearing, and a second motor mounting base 3308 that is connected to the end face of the stationary shaft via a fastener. The recessed portion 3305 is located on the second motor mounting base 3308.

[0088] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the fixing member 3302 is disposed on the outer wall of the stationary member 3301. It should be noted that a shoulder is provided on the stationary shaft, and the fixing member 3302 includes a first fixing bracket 3306 and a second fixing bracket 3307. The first fixing bracket 3306 is installed on the shoulder by fasteners, and the second fixing bracket 3307 is installed on the end face of the first fixing bracket 3306 away from the bearing end cover 1 by fasteners. The first fixing bracket 3306 and the second fixing bracket 3307 are arranged circumferentially around the stationary shaft, and the specific position is set according to actual needs.

[0089] The counterweight 3303 is mounted on the fixed member 3302; wherein, the stationary member 3301, the rotating member 3101, and the partition member 3102 together form the power supply cavity 3304. The power supply cavity 3304 provides an installation position for the first generator 3201.

[0090] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, it should be noted that the counterweight 3303 is mounted on the first fixed frame 3306. The counterweight 3303 includes multiple counterweight blocks. These counterweight blocks can be mounted only on the side of the first fixed frame 3306 closest to the rolling bearing, or only on the side of the first fixed frame 3306 furthest from the rolling bearing, or they can be mounted on both sides of the first fixed frame 3306. The number of counterweight blocks on both sides can be equal or unequal. For example, as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, multiple counterweights are respectively arranged on both sides of the first fixed frame 3306, and the number of counterweights on both sides is not equal.

[0091] It should also be noted that the counterweight 3303 can be fan-shaped, and the number of counterweights 3303 can be set multiple times according to actual needs. Multiple counterweights 3303 are arranged circumferentially around the stationary component 3301 at intervals. For example, as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, there are two counterweights 3303, and the second fixing frame 3307 is located between the two counterweights 3303.

[0092] By adding counterweight 3303 to the stationary part 3301, the center of gravity of the stationary part 3301 is shifted downwards, so that the stationary part 3301 can remain relatively stationary when the rotating part 3101 rotates with the housing device 10.

[0093] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the power generation assembly 320 includes a first generator 3201, a first coupling 3207, a second generator 3204, and a second coupling 3208;

[0094] The first generator 3201 includes a first rotor portion 3203 and a first stator portion 3202 rotatably disposed within the first rotor portion 3203. A portion of the first rotor portion 3203 is disposed within a partition cavity 3104 and connected to a partition member 3102, while the other portion of the first rotor portion 3203 is located within a power supply cavity 3304. It should be noted that the first rotor portion 3203 is provided with a first support base rotatably connected to the first rotor portion 3203, and the first support base is mounted on a first motor mounting base 3108 by fasteners.

[0095] The first coupling 3207 is disposed on the recessed portion 3305. The first coupling 3207 is located inside the power supply cavity 3304. Another part of the first rotor portion 3203 is connected to the recessed portion 3305 through the first coupling 3207.

[0096] The second generator 3204 includes a second rotor portion 3206 and a second stator portion 3205 rotatably disposed within the second rotor portion 3206. A portion of the second rotor portion 3206 is located within a recess 3305 and connected to a first coupling 3207, while the other portion of the second rotor portion 3206 is located outside the power supply cavity 3304. It should be noted that the second rotor portion 3206 is provided with a second support base rotatably connected to it, and the second support base is mounted on the recess 3305 by fasteners.

[0097] The second coupling 3208 is disposed on the rear cover, and another part of the second rotor 3206 is connected to the rear cover 130 through the second coupling 3208.

[0098] It should be noted that both the first generator 3201 and the second generator 3204 are brushless generators, which have low operating noise and low failure rate.

[0099] It should also be noted that both the first coupling 3207 and the second coupling 3208 are flexible couplings, which have good anti-torque function and can effectively reduce noise and vibration.

[0100] Both the first rotor section 3203 and the second rotor section 3206 rotate with the housing device 10. The first rotor section 3203 and the second rotor section 3206 cut magnetic field lines to generate induced current, thereby realizing power generation. In addition, the first generator supplies power to the first sensing unit and the temperature sensing element, and the second generator supplies power to the second sensing unit, thus forming two independent power generation structures. The supply voltage can be adjusted according to the needs of the first sensing unit and the second sensing unit respectively to meet different power supply needs.

[0101] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the monitoring structure includes a sensing device, which includes a first sensing unit 410 and a second sensing unit 420.

[0102] The first sensing unit 410 includes a first circuit board 4101 and a sensor assembly disposed on the first circuit board 4101. The first circuit board 4101 is disposed on the front cover 120 and located in the cavity. The first circuit board 4101 is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element 20. The sensor assembly is used to sense the working state of the bearing end cover 1 and generate a corresponding sensing electrical signal.

[0103] It should be noted that the sensor assembly includes a displacement sensor and a vibration sensor. The displacement sensor detects the attitude of the bearing end cover 1 to obtain an attitude electrical signal, and the vibration sensor detects the vibration of the bearing end cover 1 to obtain a vibration electrical signal. Since the bearing end cover 1 is installed on the rolling bearing and moves together with the wheel axle, the attitude electrical signal obtained by the displacement sensor is the attitude electrical signal of the railway freight car, and the vibration electrical signal obtained by the vibration sensor is the vibration electrical signal of the railway freight car, so that the first sensing unit 410 can sense the attitude and vibration state of the vehicle.

[0104] The second sensing unit 420 includes a second circuit board 4201, a travel sensing element 4202, a communication component, and a signal processing component. The second circuit board 4201 is disposed on the fixing member 3302 and is electrically connected to the first circuit board 4101.

[0105] It should be noted that the second circuit board 4201 is disposed on the second fixing frame 3307, and the second circuit board 4201 and the first circuit board 4101 are electrically connected by means of, but not limited to, interface plug-in.

[0106] It should also be noted that the second sensing unit 420 includes a Beidou module disposed on the second circuit board 4201. The Beidou module is used to locate railway freight cars in order to monitor the current position of the railway freight cars in real time.

[0107] The stroke sensor 4202 is electrically connected to the second circuit board 4201. The stroke sensor 4202 is used to sense the rotation stroke of the rotating member 3101 and generate a corresponding stroke sensing electrical signal.

[0108] It should be noted that, as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the stroke sensing element 4202 includes a Hall sensor 4204 and a plurality of magnets 4203. The Hall sensor 4204 is disposed on the second circuit board 4201, and the plurality of magnets 4203 are disposed on the end face of the rear cover near the bearing end cover 1. The plurality of magnets 4203 are arranged at equal intervals around the central axis of the rear cover. When the housing device 10 rotates with the bearing end cover 1, the magnets 4203 rotate with the housing device 10. The stationary component 330 is in a stationary state, and the Hall sensor 4204 is in a stationary state. Therefore, the Hall sensor 4204 and the magnets 4203 rotate relative to each other and generate a stroke sensing electrical signal, thereby monitoring the number of rotations to obtain the wheel speed of the railway freight car.

[0109] A signal processing component is disposed on the second circuit board 4201. The signal processing component processes the temperature sensing electrical signal, the motion sensing electrical signal, and the travel sensing electrical signal, and generates corresponding analog electrical signals. It should be noted that the signal processing component includes, but is not limited to, noise reduction and amplification processing of the temperature sensing electrical signal, the motion sensing electrical signal, and the travel sensing electrical signal. It should also be noted that the temperature sensing electrical signal and the motion sensing electrical signal sensed by the first sensing unit 410 are transmitted to the signal processing component via, but not limited to, Bluetooth or LoRa wireless network.

[0110] In some embodiments, the power supply device 30 includes a dry cell battery 340, a first energy storage component 350 and a second energy storage component 360; the dry cell battery 340 is disposed on the fixing member 3302 and supplies power to the second sensing unit 420.

[0111] It should be noted that the dry cell battery 340 is mounted on the first mounting bracket 3306 via a battery holder, and the specific position of the dry cell battery 340 on the first mounting bracket 3306 can be set as needed, for example, as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the dry cell 340 can be located between the two counterweights 3303.

[0112] By setting up the dry cell battery 340, the second monitoring unit can be powered when the power of the second energy storage component 360 is insufficient, thus playing a backup role and ensuring the normal operation of the second sensing unit 420 and ensuring real-time monitoring of the second sensing unit 420.

[0113] The first energy storage component 350 is disposed on the first circuit board 4101. The first energy storage component 350 is electrically connected to the first generator 3201 and the first sensing unit 410 respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the first generator 3201 and provide the electrical energy to the first sensing unit 410.

[0114] It should be noted that the first energy storage component 350 can be an energy storage capacitor. Using an energy storage capacitor as the first energy storage component 350 to store the electrical energy generated by the first generator 3201 is a significant improvement over using a battery. Since the first energy storage component 350 rotates with the housing device 10, the battery's positive and negative terminals may become disconnected due to centrifugal force caused by prolonged continuous rotation, potentially leading to a short circuit. This method effectively avoids safety issues such as short circuits.

[0115] The second energy storage component 360 is disposed on the fixing member 3302. The second energy storage component 360 is electrically connected to the second generator 3204 and the second sensing unit 420 respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the second generator 3204 and provide the electrical energy to the second sensing unit 420.

[0116] It should be noted that the second energy storage component 360 is a rechargeable lithium battery.

[0117] In some embodiments, the second sensing unit 420 includes a communication component disposed on the rear cover and used to transmit analog electrical signals to an external control terminal.

[0118] It should be noted that the communication components include antenna 4206, radio frequency front-end module, and radio frequency transceiver module. It can not only send the monitoring data related to railway freight cars obtained by the sensing device and temperature sensing element 20 to the external control terminal, but also receive instructions and various parameters from the external control terminal, thereby realizing real-time and fast data transmission.

[0119] It should also be noted that the antenna 4206 is mounted on the side of the rear cover away from the bearing end cover 1 by fasteners, and an antenna seal is provided between the antenna 4206 and the rear cover. The antenna seal can be an O-ring.

[0120] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the auxiliary hole 3103 and the first generator 3201 have a preset distance in the axial direction of the separator 3102. By setting the preset distance, contact between the cable of the temperature sensing element 20 and the first generator 3201 is avoided, further ensuring the normal operation of the first generator 3201.

[0121] like Figure 13As shown, when the railway freight car is running, the wheel axle assembly rotates, and the housing device 10, the first sensing unit 410, and the temperature sensing element 20 rotate with the wheel axle assembly. The first rotor 3203 rotates, thereby the first generator 3201 generates electricity and stores electrical energy in the first energy storage component 350. The first energy storage component 350 provides electrical energy to the first sensing unit 410 and the temperature sensing element 20. The first sensing unit 410 acquires information such as the vehicle's attitude and vibration status, and generates corresponding sensing electrical signals that are transmitted to the second sensing unit 420. The temperature sensing element 20 acquires the vehicle's temperature information and generates corresponding temperature sensing electrical signals that are transmitted to the second sensing unit 420.

[0122] When a railway freight car is running, the wheel axle assembly rotates, while the second sensing unit 420, dry cell battery 340, and second energy storage component 360 remain stationary. The second rotor 3206 rotates, thereby generating electricity from the second generator 3204 and storing the electrical energy in the second energy storage component 360. The second energy storage component 360 or dry cell battery 340 provides electrical energy to the second sensing unit 420. The second sensing unit 420 acquires information such as the vehicle's travel distance and location, and generates corresponding travel sensing electrical signals. The second sensing unit 420 processes the sensing electrical signals, temperature sensing electrical signals, and travel sensing electrical signals, and transmits them to an external control terminal through a communication component, thereby realizing the monitoring of the railway status.

[0123] Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring structure for use on a wheel and axle assembly, characterized in that, It includes a housing device, a temperature sensing element, and a power supply device that are coaxially arranged with the wheel axle assembly; The housing device is disposed on the bearing end cover of the wheel axle assembly; The temperature sensing element is disposed on the housing device, and the temperature sensing element abuts against the bearing end cover and generates a corresponding temperature sensing electrical signal. The power supply device includes a rotating component, a power generation component, and a stationary component disposed within the housing device. The rotating component is disposed on the housing device and rotates with the housing device, while the stationary component is in a stationary state. Wherein, a portion of the power generation component is connected to the rotating component, and another portion of the power generation component is connected to the stationary component, so that the power generation component generates electrical energy and supplies power to the temperature sensing element; The housing device includes: The outer shell has a cavity; A front cover is disposed at one end of the housing near the bearing end cover; A rear cover is disposed at the end of the housing away from the bearing end cover; An adapter assembly is disposed on the front cover. The adapter assembly includes a plug-in component disposed on the bearing end cover and an adapter component disposed on the front cover. The adapter component is provided with a plug-in groove that mates with the plug-in component. The connector is inserted into the connector slot, the temperature sensing element is disposed on the adapter, and the temperature sensing element passes through the connector and abuts against the end face of the bearing end cover. The rotating assembly includes: A rotating component, which is connected to the outer casing; A partition is connected to the rotating component. One end of the partition abuts against the front cover and the other end is inserted into the rotating component. The partition is provided with an auxiliary hole and a partition cavity arranged along the axial direction of the rotating component. The auxiliary hole is located on the end of the partition that abuts against the front cover and is connected to the partition cavity. The partition is provided with a wiring hole, one end of which is connected to the auxiliary hole and the other end is connected to the cavity. The stationary component includes: A stationary component, the inner wall of which is rotatably connected to the rotating component via a rolling bearing, has a recessed portion therein, a portion of which is inserted into the rotating component. A fixing element is provided on the outer wall of the stationary element; A counterweight is provided on the fixing member; The stationary component, the rotating component, and the partition component together form a power supply cavity; The power generation components include: A first generator includes a first rotor section and a first stator section rotatably disposed within the first rotor section. A portion of the first rotor section is disposed within the partition cavity and connected to the partition member, and another portion of the first rotor section is located within the power supply cavity. A first coupling is disposed on the recessed portion. The first coupling is located in the power supply cavity. Another part of the first rotor portion is connected to the recessed portion through the first coupling. The second generator includes a second rotor section and a second stator section rotatably disposed within the second rotor section. A portion of the second rotor section is located passing through the recess and connected to the first coupling, while another portion of the second rotor section is located outside the power supply cavity. A second coupling is disposed on the rear cover, and another part of the second rotor is connected to the rear cover via the second coupling.

2. The monitoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring structure includes a sensing device, which includes a first sensing unit and a second sensing unit; The first sensing unit includes a first circuit board and a sensor assembly disposed on the first circuit board. The first circuit board is disposed on the front cover and located in the cavity. The first circuit board is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element. The sensor assembly is used to sense the working state of the bearing end cap and generate a corresponding sensing electrical signal. The second sensing unit includes a second circuit board, a travel sensing element, a communication component, and a signal processing component. The second circuit board is disposed on the fixing member and is electrically connected to the first circuit board. The stroke sensing element is electrically connected to the second circuit board, and the stroke sensing element is used to sense the rotation stroke of the rotating element and generate a corresponding stroke sensing electrical signal; The signal processing component is disposed on the second circuit board. The signal processing component is used to process the temperature sensing electrical signal, the sensing electrical signal, and the travel sensing electrical signal and generate corresponding analog electrical signals.

3. The monitoring structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply device includes: A dry cell battery is disposed on the fixing member, and the dry cell battery powers the second sensing unit. A first energy storage component is disposed on the first circuit board. The first energy storage component is electrically connected to the first generator and the first sensing unit respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the first generator and provide the electrical energy to the first sensing unit. The second energy storage component is disposed on the fixing member. The second energy storage component is electrically connected to the second generator and the second sensing unit respectively, so as to store the electrical energy generated by the second generator and provide the electrical energy to the second sensing unit.

4. The monitoring structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first energy storage component is an energy storage capacitor.

5. The monitoring structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second sensing unit includes the communication component, which is disposed on the rear cover and is used to transmit the analog electrical signal to an external control terminal.

6. The monitoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary hole and the first generator are spaced at a predetermined distance along the axis of the separator.

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