Nuclear facility radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of nuclear facilities radioactive solid waste compression harmless treatment equipment, including hydraulic press, the hydraulic press has column, crossbeam, pedestal and hydraulic cylinder, the column is installed with workstation, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is installed with grinding assembly, the beneficial effect of the present application is that: by the inside and outside of radioactive solid waste simultaneously electromagnetic induction heating, make radioactive solid waste quickly enter 1000 DEG C above high temperature, wherein organic matter will decompose into gas and ash, and inorganic matter will melt into glassy substance, solidification is ground into powder, then be sucked out storage, this scheme heating efficiency and energy utilization rate are high.The harmless treatment method effectively reduces the volume and danger of radioactive solid waste, making it easier to store and dispose.The method has been widely used in nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel recycling plants and other nuclear industry fields.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radioactive solid waste compression and treatment, specifically to a device and method for the harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from nuclear facilities. Background technology:

[0002] In recent years, nuclear power plants have shown a high and rapid development momentum. Today, nuclear energy, as an energy source that is both safe and clean, as well as economically reliable, is becoming increasingly well-known and accepted. However, in the actual production process of nuclear energy, certain wastes are inevitably generated. If these wastes are not properly and promptly treated, they cannot be safely stored and disposed of, and radioactive wastes will pose safety risks to workers and surrounding residents. Summary of the Invention:

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the existing problems by providing a device and method for the compression and harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from nuclear facilities.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment device for nuclear facilities includes a hydraulic press. The hydraulic press has a column, a crossbeam, a base, and a hydraulic cylinder. A worktable is installed on the column, and a compression melting cylinder is fixed on the worktable. An electromagnetic induction coil is installed on the outside of the compression melting cylinder. A grinding component is installed on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to compress and grind the material to be treated in the compression melting cylinder. A horizontal moving mechanism is provided on the base. The horizontal moving mechanism is provided with several liftable metal rods and a dust suction device. Through holes are opened in the compression melting cylinder and the worktable to accommodate the metal rods.

[0006] Preferably, two auxiliary cylinders are mounted opposite each other on the top of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rods of the auxiliary cylinders are fixedly connected to the top of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the grinding assembly includes a power box fixed to the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a drive motor installed in the power box, a grinding disc fixed on the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and a plurality of grinding teeth disposed on the bottom surface of the grinding disc.

[0008] Preferably, the grinding teeth are distributed in a fan shape on the bottom surface of the grinding disc, the bottom surface of the grinding disc is formed with an annular oil groove, sealing rings are installed on both sides of the annular oil groove, and the bottom surface of the power box is provided with an annular protrusion that cooperates with the annular oil groove.

[0009] Preferably, a retainer is fixed around the electromagnetic induction coil, and a plurality of insulating connecting posts are provided on the retainer, which are connected and fixed to the electromagnetic induction coil.

[0010] Preferably, the horizontal moving mechanism includes a guide rail fixed to the base, a slider mounted on the guide rail, a moving plate fixed to the slider, a screw and nut pair for driving the moving plate, a first lifting cylinder and a second lifting cylinder mounted opposite to each other on the moving plate, the metal rods being evenly distributed around the piston rod end face of the first lifting cylinder, and the dust suction device including a mounting bracket fixed to the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder, a bent pipe fixed to the mounting bracket, a dust suction hood fixed to the upper end of the bent pipe, a flexible hose fixed to the lower end of the bent pipe, and a high-pressure suction fan connected to the flexible hose.

[0011] Preferably, a fence is installed between the crossbeam and the workbench. The fence is a thermoelectric plate, and the fence has a feed inlet and an air intake. The feed inlet is equipped with a feeding device, and the air intake is connected to an air intake cooling device.

[0012] Preferably, the compression melting cylinder is an alloy cylinder body, and the metal rod is an alloy rod, with the alloy material having a high melting point and good high-temperature stability.

[0013] A method for the harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from nuclear facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: The radioactive solid waste to be processed is pre-crushed and fed into the compression melting cylinder through the conveying equipment. At the same time, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder is pushed out, and the alloy metal rod is inserted into the through hole and flush with the bottom surface of the compression melting cylinder.

[0015] S2: The hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves down, and the drive motor drives the grinding disc to rotate. When the grinding teeth contact the radioactive solid waste, the auxiliary cylinder drives the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to move down, compressing and grinding the pre-crushed radioactive solid waste. In this way, more pre-crushed radioactive solid waste is input into the compression and melting cylinder.

[0016] S3: When the ground radioactive solid waste in the compression melting cylinder is filled to the predetermined volume, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves upward, causing the grinding disc to leave the heating area of ​​the electromagnetic induction coil. The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder continues to push out, and the alloy metal rod is completely inserted into the ground radioactive solid waste. The electromagnetic induction coil is energized, which heats the compression melting cylinder and the alloy metal rod, raising the temperature inside the compression melting cylinder to over 1000°C. The inorganic matter in the radioactive solid waste will melt into a glassy substance, while the organic matter will decompose into gas and ash.

[0017] S4: The gas generated during the heating process is treated by the suction cooling device at the suction port. When the electromagnetic induction coil is de-energized and the glassy substance solidifies, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder retracts and the alloy metal rod descends to the bottom of the compression melting cylinder and stops.

[0018] S5: The hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves downward, and the drive motor drives the grinding disc to rotate. When the grinding teeth contact the glassy solid, the auxiliary cylinder drives the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to move downward, grinding the glassy solid into powder. Then, the hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves upward to the initial position.

[0019] S6: The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder retracts completely, the lead screw and nut pair drives the moving plate to align the dust suction hood with the through hole, the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder pushes out, so that the dust suction hood fits against the bottom surface of the workbench, the high-pressure suction fan works, and sucks out and stores the ash and powder in the compressed melting cylinder.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. By simultaneously heating the radioactive solid waste inside and out with electromagnetic induction, the radioactive solid waste is rapidly brought to a high temperature of over 1000°C. The organic matter decomposes into gas and ash, while the inorganic matter melts into a glassy substance, solidifies, is ground into powder, and then extracted and stored. This method has high heating efficiency and energy utilization.

[0022] 2. This harmless treatment method effectively reduces the volume and hazard of radioactive solid waste, making it easier to store and dispose of. This process has been widely applied in the nuclear industry, including nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.

[0023] 3. Using a thermoelectric plate as a fence can convert the excess heat generated by the compression melting cylinder into electrical energy, which not only effectively isolates the heat from dissipation, but also provides energy for the electromagnetic induction coil after conversion. Attached image description:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention after the fence has been removed;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial cross-section diagram at point AA;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5Enlarged view of section B;

[0030] In the attached diagram: 1. Column; 2. Crossbeam; 3. Base; 4. Hydraulic cylinder; 5. Workbench; 6. Compression melting cylinder; 7. Electromagnetic induction coil; 8. Grinding assembly; 9. Horizontal moving mechanism; 10. Metal rod; 11. Dust suction device; 12. Through hole; 13. Auxiliary cylinder; 14. Power box; 15. Drive motor; 16. Grinding disc; 17. Grinding teeth; 18. Annular oil groove; 19. Sealing ring; 20. Annular convex strip; 21. Cage; 22. Insulating connecting column; 23. Guide rail; 24. Slider; 25. Moving plate; 26. Screw and nut pair; 27. First lifting cylinder; 28. Second lifting cylinder; 29. ​​Mounting bracket; 30. Bend; 31. Dust suction hood; 32. Hose; 33. High-pressure suction fan; 34. Fence; 35. Feed inlet; 36. Air suction port. Detailed implementation method:

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment device for nuclear facilities includes a hydraulic press. The hydraulic press has a column 1, a crossbeam 2, a base 3, and a hydraulic cylinder 4. A workbench 5 is installed on the column 1, and a compression melting cylinder 6 is fixed on the workbench 5. An electromagnetic induction coil 7 is installed on the outside of the compression melting cylinder 6, which can quickly heat the metal to a high temperature with high heating efficiency and high energy utilization. A grinding component 8 is installed on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 to compress and grind the material to be treated in the compression melting cylinder 6. A horizontal moving mechanism 9 is provided on the base 3. The horizontal moving mechanism 9 is provided with several liftable metal rods 10 and a dust suction device 11. Through holes 12 are opened on the compression melting cylinder 6 and the workbench 5 to accommodate the metal rods 10.

[0036] Specifically, two auxiliary cylinders 13 are mounted opposite each other on the top of the hydraulic cylinder 4. The piston rod of the auxiliary cylinder 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4. In this arrangement, the two auxiliary cylinders 13 can not only allow the grinding disc 16 to feed slowly, but also prevent the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 from rotating during the grinding process.

[0037] Specifically, the grinding assembly 8 includes a power box 14 fixed to the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4, a drive motor 15 installed in the power box 14, a grinding disc 16 fixed on the rotating shaft of the drive motor 15, and a plurality of grinding teeth 17 disposed on the bottom surface of the grinding disc 16.

[0038] Specifically, the grinding teeth 17 are arranged in a fan shape on the bottom surface of the grinding disc 16, which can make the radioactive solid waste in the compression melting cylinder 6 have different linear velocities, thereby improving the grinding effect. The bottom surface of the grinding disc 16 is formed with an annular oil groove 18, and sealing rings 19 are installed on both sides of the annular oil groove 18. The bottom surface of the power box 14 is provided with an annular protrusion 20 that cooperates with the annular oil groove 18. The annular oil groove 18 in this configuration is filled with lubricating oil, and the oil film formed by it allows the grinding disc 16 to withstand greater pressure while rotating.

[0039] Specifically, a retainer 21 is fixed around the electromagnetic induction coil 7, and a plurality of insulating connecting posts 22 are provided on the retainer 21. The insulating connecting posts 22 are connected and fixed to the electromagnetic induction coil 7.

[0040] Specifically, the horizontal moving mechanism 9 includes a guide rail 23 fixed to the base 3, a slider 24 mounted on the guide rail 23, a moving plate 25 fixed to the slider 24, a lead screw and nut pair 26 for driving the moving plate 25, a first lifting cylinder 27 and a second lifting cylinder 28 mounted opposite to each other on the moving plate 25, and the metal rods 10 are evenly distributed around the piston rod end face of the first lifting cylinder 27. The dust suction device 11 includes a mounting bracket 29 fixed to the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder 28, a bent pipe 30 fixed to the mounting bracket 29, a dust suction cover 31 fixed to the upper end of the bent pipe 30, a flexible hose 32 fixed to the lower end of the bent pipe 30, and a high-pressure suction fan 33 connected to the flexible hose 32.

[0041] Specifically, a fence 34 is installed between the crossbeam 2 and the workbench 5. The fence 34 is a thermoelectric plate. Using a thermoelectric plate as the fence 34 can convert the excess heat generated by the compression melting cylinder 6 into electrical energy. This not only effectively isolates the heat from dissipation, but also provides energy for the electromagnetic induction coil 7 after conversion. The fence 34 is provided with a feed inlet 35 and an air intake 36. A feeding device is provided at the feed inlet 35, and an air intake cooling device is connected to the air intake 36.

[0042] Specifically, the compression melting cylinder 6 is an alloy cylinder body, and the metal rod 10 is an alloy rod. The alloy material has a high melting point and good high-temperature stability.

[0043] A method for the harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from nuclear facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: The radioactive solid waste to be processed is pre-crushed and fed into the compression melting cylinder 6 through the conveying equipment. At the same time, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 is pushed out, and the alloy metal rod 10 is inserted into the through hole 12 and flush with the bottom surface of the compression melting cylinder 6.

[0045] S2: The piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 4 moves down, and the drive motor 15 drives the grinding disc 16 to rotate. When the grinding teeth 17 come into contact with the radioactive solid waste, the auxiliary cylinder 13 drives the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 4 to move down, and compresses and grinds the pre-crushed radioactive solid waste. In this way, more pre-crushed radioactive solid waste is input into the compression melting cylinder 6.

[0046] S3: When the ground radioactive solid waste in the compression melting cylinder 6 is filled to the predetermined volume, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 moves upward, causing the grinding disc 16 to leave the heating area of ​​the electromagnetic induction coil 7. The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 continues to push out, and the alloy metal rod 10 is completely inserted into the ground radioactive solid waste. The electromagnetic induction coil 7 is energized, which heats the compression melting cylinder 6 and the alloy metal rod 10, raising the temperature inside the compression melting cylinder 6 to above 1000°C. The inorganic matter in the radioactive solid waste will melt into a glassy substance, while the organic matter will decompose into gas and ash.

[0047] S4: The gas generated during the heating process is treated by the suction cooling device at the suction port 36. When the electromagnetic induction coil 7 is de-energized and the glassy substance solidifies, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 retracts and the alloy metal rod 10 descends to be level with the bottom of the compression melting cylinder 6 and stops.

[0048] S5: The piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 4 moves down, and the drive motor 15 drives the grinding disc 16 to rotate. When the grinding teeth 17 contact the glassy solid, the auxiliary cylinder 13 drives the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 4 to move down, grinding the glassy solid into powder. Then, the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 4 moves up to the initial position.

[0049] S6: The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 retracts completely, the lead screw nut pair 26 drives the moving plate 25, so that the dust suction hood 31 is aligned with the through hole 12, the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder 28 pushes out, so that the dust suction hood 31 fits against the bottom surface of the workbench 5, the high-pressure suction fan 33 works, and sucks out and stores the ash and powder in the compression melting cylinder 6.

[0050] Working principle: The radioactive solid waste to be processed is pre-crushed. The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 is pushed out, and the alloy metal rod 10 is inserted into the through hole 12, flush with the bottom surface of the compression and melting cylinder 6. The pre-crushed radioactive solid waste is fed into the compression and melting cylinder 6 through the feed port 35 via the conveying equipment. Then, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 moves downward, and the drive motor 15 drives the grinding disc 16 to rotate. When the grinding teeth 17 contact the radioactive solid waste, the auxiliary cylinder 13 drives the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 to move downward, compressing and grinding the pre-crushed radioactive solid waste into powder. Then, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 moves upward, causing the grinding disc 16 to leave the heating area of ​​the electromagnetic induction coil 7. The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 continues to push out, and the alloy metal rod 10 is fully inserted into the ground radioactive solid waste. The electromagnetic induction coil 7 is energized, causing the compression and melting cylinder 6 and the alloy metal rod 10 to rotate. The heating rod 10 raises the temperature inside the compression melting cylinder 6 to over 1000℃. The inorganic matter in the radioactive fixed waste melts into a glassy substance, while the organic matter decomposes into gas and ash. The gas generated during the heating process is treated by the suction cooling device at the suction port 36. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 moves downward, driving the motor 15 to rotate the grinding disc 16. When the grinding teeth 17 contact the glassy solid, the auxiliary cylinder 13 drives the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 to move downward, grinding the glassy solid into powder. Then, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 moves upward to the initial position, and the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 27 retracts completely. The screw nut pair 26 drives the moving plate 25 to align the dust suction hood 31 with the through hole 12. The piston rod of the second lifting cylinder 28 pushes out, causing the dust suction hood 31 to fit against the bottom surface of the workbench 5. The high-pressure suction fan 33 works to suck out and store the ash and powder inside the compression melting cylinder 6.

[0051] The above description is only for understanding the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for the compression and harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from nuclear facilities, comprising a hydraulic press, said hydraulic press having a column, a crossbeam, a base, and a hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that: A workbench is mounted on the column, and a compression melting cylinder is fixed on the workbench. An electromagnetic induction coil is installed outside the compression melting cylinder. A grinding component is mounted on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to compress and grind the material to be processed in the compression melting cylinder. A horizontal moving mechanism is provided on the base, and several liftable metal rods and a dust suction device are provided on the horizontal moving mechanism. Through holes are opened in the compression melting cylinder and the workbench to accommodate the metal rods. The grinding component includes a power box fixed to the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and installed in the power box. The device includes a drive motor, a grinding disc fixed on the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and several grinding teeth arranged on the bottom surface of the grinding disc. The grinding teeth are distributed in a fan shape on the bottom surface of the grinding disc. An annular oil groove is formed on the bottom surface of the grinding disc, and sealing rings are installed on both sides of the annular oil groove. An annular protrusion that mates with the annular oil groove is provided on the bottom surface of the power box. By simultaneously heating the radioactive solid waste inside and outside with electromagnetic induction, the radioactive solid waste is rapidly brought to a high temperature of over 1000°C. Organic matter decomposes into gas and ash, while inorganic matter melts into a glassy substance.

2. The nuclear facility radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two auxiliary cylinders are mounted opposite each other on the top of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rods of the auxiliary cylinders are fixedly connected to the top of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinder.

3. The nuclear facility radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retainer is fixed around the electromagnetic induction coil, and a plurality of insulating connecting posts are provided on the retainer. The insulating connecting posts are connected and fixed to the electromagnetic induction coil.

4. The nuclear facility radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal moving mechanism includes a guide rail fixed to the base, a slider mounted on the guide rail, a moving plate fixed to the slider, a screw and nut pair for driving the moving plate, a first lifting cylinder and a second lifting cylinder mounted opposite to each other on the moving plate, and metal rods evenly distributed around the piston rod end face of the first lifting cylinder. The dust suction device includes a mounting bracket fixed to the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder, a bent pipe fixed to the mounting bracket, a dust suction hood fixed to the upper end of the bent pipe, a flexible hose fixed to the lower end of the bent pipe, and a high-pressure suction fan connected to the flexible hose.

5. The radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment for nuclear facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: A railing is installed between the crossbeam and the workbench. The railing is a thermoelectric plate. The railing has a feed inlet and an air intake. A feeding device is installed at the feed inlet, and an air intake cooling device is connected to the air intake.

6. The nuclear facility radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression melting cylinder is an alloy cylinder body, and the metal rod is an alloy rod.

7. A method for the harmless treatment of radioactive solid waste from a nuclear facility, the method being implemented using the radioactive solid waste compression and harmless treatment equipment for nuclear facilities as described in any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising the following steps: S1: The radioactive solid waste to be processed is pre-crushed and fed into the compression melting cylinder through the conveying equipment. At the same time, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder is pushed out, and the alloy metal rod is inserted into the through hole and flush with the bottom surface of the compression melting cylinder. S2: The hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves down, and the drive motor drives the grinding disc to rotate. When the grinding teeth contact the radioactive solid waste, the auxiliary cylinder drives the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to move down, compressing and grinding the pre-crushed radioactive solid waste. In this way, more pre-crushed radioactive solid waste is input into the compression and melting cylinder. S3: When the ground radioactive solid waste in the compression melting cylinder is filled to the predetermined volume, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves upward, causing the grinding disc to leave the heating area of ​​the electromagnetic induction coil. The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder continues to push out, and the alloy metal rod is completely inserted into the ground radioactive solid waste. The electromagnetic induction coil is energized, which heats the compression melting cylinder and the alloy metal rod, raising the temperature inside the compression melting cylinder to over 1000°C. The inorganic matter in the radioactive solid waste will melt into a glassy substance, while the organic matter will decompose into gas and ash. S4: The gas generated during the heating process is treated by the suction cooling device at the suction port. When the electromagnetic induction coil is de-energized and the glassy substance solidifies, the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder retracts and the alloy metal rod descends to the bottom of the compression melting cylinder and stops. S5: The hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves downward, and the drive motor drives the grinding disc to rotate. When the grinding teeth contact the glassy solid, the auxiliary cylinder drives the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to move downward, grinding the glassy solid into powder. Then, the hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves upward to the initial position. S6: The piston rod of the first lifting cylinder retracts completely, the lead screw and nut pair drives the moving plate to align the dust suction hood with the through hole, the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder pushes out, so that the dust suction hood fits against the bottom surface of the workbench, the high-pressure suction fan works, and sucks out and stores the ash and powder in the compressed melting cylinder.

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