A bilateral drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bilateral driving high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device and method, to solve the problem that two driving sources are difficult to operate synchronously in the technology of bilateral pulse source driving large radiation antenna. Specifically includes main loop unit and trigger loop unit;Main loop unit includes positive polarity Marx generator and the positive polarity intermediate storage capacitor, positive polarity intermediate storage switch, positive polarity peaking capacitor connected in sequence at its output end, and negative polarity Marx generator and the negative polarity intermediate storage capacitor, negative polarity intermediate storage switch, negative polarity peaking capacitor connected in sequence at its output end, further includes output switch and radiation antenna;Trigger loop unit includes total trigger, positive polarity trigger, negative polarity trigger, first voltage divider mechanism, second voltage divider mechanism, signal comparison analysis circuit board and laser.The positive polarity intermediate storage switch in the application works in external trigger mode, so that the voltage waveform on output switch changes less when positive polarity Marx generator and negative polarity Marx generator work asynchronously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, specifically to a bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulators are indispensable equipment for verifying the electromagnetic pulse protection capabilities of electronic systems and conducting EMP tests. For large test objects, in order to increase the amplitude of the radiation field or the range of the test space and meet the requirements of the fast leading edge of the radiation field waveform, simulators generally adopt a two-stage pulse compression technique. This technique progressively reduces the duration of the pulse voltage, allowing the pulse compression device to have a more compact structure while ensuring insulation performance, thus improving the pulse compression effect. Generally, the larger and more uniform the test space of the simulator, the lower the amplitude of the radiation field within that space. The operating voltage of simulators based on the two-stage pulse compression technique is limited by the performance level of the pulse power devices. Currently, the operating voltage of a single simulator can reach 3-4 mV, creating a threatening test space that cannot meet the testing needs of larger-scale objects. Therefore, new techniques or methods need to be developed, such as dual-sided pulse source-driven large radiating antenna technology.

[0003] A dual-drive scheme can enhance the amplitude of the radiated field in the test space of a simulation device. By simultaneously establishing two drive sources with opposite operating voltage polarities and feeding fast-rising-edge pulse voltages of opposite polarities into the radiating antenna of the simulation device, the amplitude of the radiated field in the test space can be multiplied. This multiplication effect is closely related to the synchronization characteristics of the two drive sources; the better the synchronization performance of the two drive sources, the higher the amplitude of the generated radiated field and the less the waveform parameters deviate from the standard. For simulation devices using a single-drive two-stage pulse compression technique, the switching of the first-stage pulse compression segment of its drive source typically operates in a self-breakdown state. If it is directly upgraded to dual-drive, the synchronization performance of the two drive sources mainly depends on the synchronization characteristics of the primary pulse source. Since the drive source generally uses a Marx generator as the primary pulse source to generate an output voltage of several mV, the synchronization performance of the two Marx generators with opposite polarities determines the synchronization effect of the dual-drive scheme. However, this type of dual-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device places extremely high demands on the synchronization characteristics of the positive and negative polarity Marx generators. If the amplitude and waveform parameters of the radiation field in the test space are required to strictly meet the standard requirements, the settling time difference between the two polarity Marx generators needs to be within 20-30 ns; otherwise, the waveform parameters of the radiation field will deviate significantly from the standard requirements. Therefore, the key issue for a dual-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device is how to synchronize the two drive sources to generate a high-amplitude, wide-range radiation space that meets the standard requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device and method to solve the technical problem in the existing dual-drive large radiating antenna technology where the two drive sources are difficult to operate synchronously, resulting in low amplitude of the generated radiation field and waveform parameters deviating from the standard requirements.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, which is characterized by including a main circuit unit and a trigger circuit unit.

[0006] The main circuit unit includes a positive Marx generator and a positive storage capacitor, a positive storage switch, and a positive peaking capacitor connected sequentially to the output terminal of the positive Marx generator; a negative Marx generator and a negative storage capacitor, a negative storage switch, and a negative peaking capacitor connected sequentially to the output terminal of the negative Marx generator; it also includes an output switch and a radiating antenna; the positive and negative peaking capacitors are connected to the radiating antenna through the output switch;

[0007] The trigger circuit unit includes a master trigger, a positive trigger, a negative trigger, a first voltage divider mechanism, a second voltage divider mechanism, a signal comparison and analysis circuit board, and a laser. The master trigger is connected to the pre-ignition signal input terminals of the positive trigger, the negative trigger, and the laser. The input terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism is connected to the positive polarity storage capacitor, and the output terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism is connected to one input terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board. The first voltage divider mechanism is used to convert the high-voltage signal output by the positive polarity Marx generator into a low-voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board. The input terminal of the second voltage divider mechanism... The output terminal of the second voltage divider is connected to the negative polarity storage capacitor, and the output terminal of the second voltage divider is connected to the other input terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board. The second voltage divider is used to convert the high voltage signal output by the negative polarity Marx generator into a low voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board. The output terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board is connected to the trigger signal input terminal of the laser. The output terminal of the laser is connected to the trigger electrode optical path of the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch, respectively, to receive the laser trigger signal output by the comparison and analysis circuit board, and to emit a laser beam to simultaneously trigger the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch to conduct.

[0008] Furthermore, the positive and negative Marx generators are each connected in series with an adjusting inductor. The adjusting inductor is used to ensure that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive Marx generator is greater than the sum of the laser trigger delay, the positive storage switch turn-on delay, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser and the positive storage switch, and to ensure that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the negative Marx generator is greater than the sum of the laser trigger delay, the negative storage switch turn-on delay, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser and the negative storage switch.

[0009] Furthermore, the capacitance ratio of the positive polarity peaking capacitor and the positive polarity storage capacitor is adapted to the voltage withstand characteristics of the positive polarity peaking capacitor.

[0010] The capacitance ratio of the negative polarity peaking capacitor and the negative polarity medium storage capacitor is adapted to the voltage withstand characteristics of the negative polarity peaking capacitor.

[0011] Furthermore, both the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch are multi-stage laser-triggered switches;

[0012] The laser is a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser.

[0013] Furthermore, the first voltage divider mechanism and the second voltage divider mechanism respectively employ a capacitive voltage divider and / or a resistive voltage divider.

[0014] This invention also provides a bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method, based on the aforementioned bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, characterized by the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: The master trigger starts, sending a pre-ignition signal to the laser and sending the pre-stage trigger voltage to the positive and negative triggers respectively.

[0016] Step 2: The positive and negative triggers receive the trigger voltage from the previous stage, and output the positive and negative Marx trigger voltages to the positive and negative Marx generators, respectively.

[0017] Step 3: The positive polarity Marx generator receives the positive polarity Marx trigger voltage and sends a positive polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to the positive polarity storage capacitor; the negative polarity Marx generator receives the negative polarity Marx trigger voltage and sends a negative polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to the negative polarity storage capacitor.

[0018] Step 4: The positive polarity storage capacitor receives the positive polarity pulse and sends the positive polarity storage capacitor voltage to the first voltage divider mechanism; at the same time, the negative polarity storage capacitor receives the negative polarity pulse and sends the negative polarity storage capacitor voltage to the second voltage divider mechanism.

[0019] Step 5: The first voltage divider receives the positive voltage from the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board; at the same time, the second voltage divider receives the negative voltage from the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board.

[0020] Step 6: If the signal analysis circuit board detects the processed positive polarity storage capacitor voltage and / or negative polarity storage capacitor voltage, it sends a laser trigger signal to the laser.

[0021] Step 7: The laser receives the laser trigger signal and simultaneously sends a laser beam to the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch;

[0022] Step 8: The positive and negative polarity storage switches receive the laser beam and are simultaneously turned on, and the positive and negative polarity peaking capacitors begin to bear their respective voltages.

[0023] Step 9: The output switch is turned on, and the radiating antenna generates a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 1, before the global trigger is activated, the following is also included:

[0025] An adjustable inductor is connected in series with the positive Marx generator to adjust the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive Marx generator to be greater than the sum of the laser trigger delay, the positive storage switch turn-on delay, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser and the positive storage switch; an adjustable inductor is connected in series with the negative Marx generator to adjust the leading edge time of the output voltage of the negative Marx generator to be greater than the sum of the laser trigger delay, the negative storage switch turn-on delay, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser and the negative storage switch.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, before the total trigger is activated, the following steps are also included: adjusting the capacitance ratio of the positive peaking capacitor to the positive storage capacitor according to the withstand voltage characteristics of the positive peaking capacitor;

[0027] The capacitance ratio between the negative polarity peaking capacitor and the negative polarity storage capacitor is adjusted according to the voltage withstand characteristics of the negative polarity peaking capacitor.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 1, the total trigger sends a pre-ignition signal to the laser earlier than the pre-stage trigger voltage is sent to the positive and negative triggers respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, both the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch are multi-stage laser-triggered switches;

[0030] The laser is a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser;

[0031] The first voltage divider mechanism and the second voltage divider mechanism respectively employ a capacitive voltage divider and / or a resistive voltage divider.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0033] 1. In this invention, the positive and negative polarity storage switches operate in external trigger mode to reduce the time difference between their turn-on times. This results in a smaller change in the voltage waveform across the output switch when the positive and negative polarity Marx generators are not operating synchronously. This is beneficial for improving the stability of the output switch breakdown voltage and enabling the radiating antenna to generate a high-amplitude radiation field and a high-quality waveform to meet standard requirements.

[0034] 2. In this invention, the positive and negative central storage switches adopt a working mode in which they are simultaneously turned on under the action of an external trigger signal. Compared with the dual-sided drive source where the central storage switch operates in a self-breakdown working mode, even if there is a conduction time difference of about 10ns between the positive and negative central storage switches, the synchronization performance requirements of the positive and negative Marx generators will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the setup delay jitter of the positive and negative Marx generators can be relaxed to a larger index, reducing the difficulty of engineering implementation.

[0035] 3. In this invention, the positive polarity storage switch and the negative polarity storage switch adopt multi-stage laser trigger switches. Such switches have short triggering delays and small delay jitters. Moreover, the triggering delay changes little within a wide operating voltage range, which meets the requirements for the storage switches of the dual-sided driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device.

[0036] 4. In this invention, the trigger signals for the positive and negative polarity intermediate storage switches are taken from the output voltages of the positive and negative polarity Marx generators, rather than the overall trigger. This avoids the influence of the setup delay jitter of the overall trigger, positive trigger, negative trigger, positive Marx generator, and negative Marx generator on the entire triggering and conduction process of the positive and negative polarity intermediate storage switches. During the design and debugging of the overall trigger, positive trigger, negative trigger, positive Marx generator, and negative Marx generator, only the issue of reducing the setup delay jitter of the positive and negative Marx generators needs to be considered. This method of trigger signal acquisition can improve the synchronization performance of the two drive sources in the dual-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device.

[0037] 5. In this invention, the series adjustment inductors inserted in the positive and negative Marx generators can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive and negative Marx generators is greater than the sum of the laser trigger delay, the conduction delay of the positive or negative central storage switch, and the laser beam optical path transmission time, thus ensuring the feasibility of laser triggering of the positive and negative central storage switches.

[0038] 6. In this invention, the capacitance ratio of the positive peaking capacitor and the positive intermediate storage capacitor is adjusted according to the voltage withstand characteristics of the positive peaking capacitor, and the capacitance ratio of the negative peaking capacitor and the negative intermediate storage capacitor is adjusted according to the voltage withstand characteristics of the negative peaking capacitor. This can prevent the voltage of the positive and negative peaking capacitors from being too high when the positive or negative intermediate storage switch malfunctions and fails to conduct. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the dual-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the main circuit unit of the bilateral-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of the conduction time difference between the positive and negative polarity Marx generators on the equivalent load of the radiating antenna and the voltage waveform on the output switch when the existing central storage switch is operating in self-breakdown mode.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the effect of the conduction time difference of the positive and negative polarity Marx generators on the equivalent load of the radiating antenna and the voltage waveform on the output switch when the positive and negative polarity storage switches are operating in external trigger mode in this embodiment of the invention.

[0043] Icon labels:

[0044] 1-Main circuit unit, 11-Positive polarity Marx generator, 12-Positive polarity storage capacitor, 13-Positive polarity storage switch, 14-Positive polarity peaking capacitor, 15-Negative polarity Marx generator, 16-Negative polarity storage capacitor, 17-Negative polarity storage switch, 18-Negative polarity peaking capacitor, 19-Output switch, 20-Radiating antenna;

[0045] 2-Trigger circuit unit, 21-General trigger, 22-Positive trigger, 23-Negative trigger, 24-First voltage divider mechanism, 25-Second voltage divider mechanism, 26-Signal comparison and analysis circuit board, 27-Laser. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] The inventive principle of this invention is as follows:

[0048] Bilateral drive is an important way to improve the output voltage of a large-scale high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device with two-stage pulse compression. This invention introduces an external triggering mechanism related to the establishment time of the primary source in the switch of the first-stage pulse compression section, so that the switches of the first-stage pulse compression section in the two drive sources are turned on as simultaneously as possible. This reduces the requirement for the establishment time difference of the primary pulse source in the two drive sources, reduces the variation of the voltage parameters borne by the output switch under different synchronization effects, and improves the radiation field intensity generated by the bilateral drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, and has better amplitude stability.

[0049] Based on the above-described inventive principles, this invention proposes a bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device to meet the requirements of high-amplitude, large-range high-altitude electromagnetic pulse test environments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the simulation device includes a main circuit unit 1 and a trigger circuit unit 2;

[0050] The main circuit unit 1 includes a positive Marx generator 11 and a positive storage capacitor 12, a positive storage switch 13, and a positive peaking capacitor 14 connected sequentially to the output terminal of the positive Marx generator 11; and a negative Marx generator 15 and a negative storage capacitor 16, a negative storage switch 17, and a negative peaking capacitor 18 connected sequentially to the output terminal of the negative Marx generator 15; it also includes an output switch 19 and a radiating antenna 20; the positive peaking capacitor 14 and the negative peaking capacitor 18 are connected to the radiating antenna 20 through the output switch 19; the positive Marx generator 11 and the negative Marx generator 15... The leading edge of the polarity Marx generator 15 is adjusted by connecting regulating inductors in series with the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15, such that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive polarity Marx generator 11 is greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser 27, the turn-on delay of the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser 27 and the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13; and the leading edge time of the output voltage of the negative polarity Marx generator 15 is greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser 27, the turn-on delay of the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17, and the optical path transmission delay between the laser 27 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17. The capacitance ratio of the positive polarity peaking capacitor 14 and the positive polarity intermediate storage capacitor 12 is adapted to the withstand voltage characteristics of the positive polarity peaking capacitor 14; the capacitance ratio of the negative polarity peaking capacitor 18 and the negative polarity intermediate storage capacitor 16 is adapted to the withstand voltage characteristics of the negative polarity peaking capacitor 18. Both the positive polarity storage switch 13 and the negative polarity storage switch 17 adopt multi-stage laser trigger switches. The multi-stage laser trigger switch consists of multiple self-breakdown gaps and a trigger gap connected in series. The trigger laser beam is generated by a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser and introduced into the trigger gap through the optical path. That is, the laser 27 is a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser.

[0051] Combination Figure 2 In the equivalent circuit of the main loop unit shown, the equivalent setup capacitance of the positive Marx generator 11 and the negative Marx generator 15 is 563pF, the equivalent loop inductance is 18μH, and the equivalent loop resistance is 20Ω; the positive intermediate storage capacitor 12 and the negative intermediate storage capacitor 16 are both 360pF; the equivalent loop inductance of the positive and negative intermediate storage is 1.73μH; the equivalent capacitance of the positive peaking capacitor 14 and the negative peaking capacitor 18 is 260pF, and the equivalent loop inductance is 60μH; the equivalent resistance of the radiating antenna 20 is 150Ω.

[0052] Trigger circuit unit 2 includes a master trigger 21, a positive polarity trigger 22, a negative polarity trigger 23, a first voltage divider mechanism 24, a second voltage divider mechanism 25, a signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26, and a laser 27. The master trigger 21 is connected to the pre-ignition signal input terminals of the positive polarity trigger 22, the negative polarity trigger 23, and the laser 27, respectively. Therefore, the master trigger 21 needs to provide three signals: the pre-stage trigger signals of the positive polarity trigger 22 and the negative polarity trigger 23, and the pre-ignition signal of the laser 27. The input terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism 24 is connected to the positive polarity storage capacitor 12, and the output terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism 24 is connected to one input terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26. 4 is used to convert the high-voltage signal output by the positive polarity Marx generator 11 into a low-voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26; the input terminal of the second voltage divider mechanism 25 is connected to the negative polarity storage capacitor 16, and the output terminal of the second voltage divider mechanism 25 is connected to another input terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26. The second voltage divider mechanism 25 is used to convert the high-voltage signal output by the negative polarity Marx generator 15 into a low-voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26; the output terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26 is connected to the trigger signal input terminal of the laser 27; the output terminal of the laser 27 is connected to the trigger electrode optical path of the positive polarity storage switch 13 and the negative polarity storage switch 17 respectively. The first voltage divider mechanism 24 and the second voltage divider mechanism 25 can be a capacitive voltage divider and / or a resistive voltage divider; of course, the optimal solution is that both are capacitive voltage dividers or both are resistive voltage dividers.

[0053] In this simulation device, both the positive and negative intermediate storage switches 13 and 17 are externally triggered. The trigger signals of the positive and negative intermediate storage switches 13 and 17 are collected from the positive and negative Marx generators 11 and 15, respectively. That is, the voltage on the positive and negative intermediate storage capacitors 12 and 16 is converted into a low-voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26 through the first voltage divider mechanism 24 and the second voltage divider mechanism 25. Once the intermediate storage capacitor signal is detected in the signal comparison and analysis circuit board 26, regardless of whether it is positive or negative, a trigger signal is immediately sent to the laser 27. Then, the laser 27 emits light, which enters the trigger gap between the positive and negative intermediate storage switches 13 and 17 through the optical path, and the positive and negative intermediate storage switches 13 and 17 are turned on. This simulation device can reduce the synchronization performance requirements of the primary pulse source and improve the quality of the radiation field waveform of the bilateral drive simulation device.

[0054] The specific work steps are as follows:

[0055] Step 1: The master trigger 21 is started. The master trigger 21 first sends a pre-ignition signal to the laser 27, and then sends the pre-stage trigger voltage to the positive trigger 22 and the negative trigger 23 respectively. The pre-ignition signal of the laser 27 should be sent before the pre-stage trigger signals of the positive trigger 22 and the negative trigger 23. The specific timing relationship is adjusted according to the actual performance parameters of each component.

[0056] Step 2: The positive polarity trigger 22 and the negative polarity trigger 23 receive the trigger voltage from the previous stage, and output the positive polarity Marx trigger voltage and the negative polarity Marx trigger voltage to the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15, respectively.

[0057] Step 3: Positive Marx generator 11 receives positive Marx trigger voltage and sends a positive pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to positive storage capacitor 12; negative Marx generator 15 receives negative Marx trigger voltage and sends a negative pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to negative storage capacitor 16.

[0058] Step 4: The positive polarity storage capacitor 12 receives a positive polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds and sends the positive polarity storage capacitor voltage to the first voltage divider mechanism 24. At the same time, the negative polarity storage capacitor 16 receives a negative polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds and sends the negative polarity storage capacitor voltage to the second voltage divider mechanism 25.

[0059] Step 5: The first voltage divider mechanism 24 receives the positive voltage of the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board 26; at the same time, the second voltage divider mechanism 25 receives the negative voltage of the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board 26.

[0060] Step 6: The signal analysis circuit board 26 detects the processed positive polarity storage capacitor voltage and / or negative polarity storage capacitor voltage, and then sends a laser trigger signal to the laser 27; that is, the trigger signal of the laser 27 is picked up from the positive polarity storage capacitor voltage and / or negative polarity storage capacitor voltage, and after analysis and processing, it provides a trigger signal for the laser 27.

[0061] Step 7: Laser 27 receives the laser trigger signal and simultaneously sends a laser beam to the positive polarity storage switch 13 and the negative polarity storage switch 17.

[0062] Step 8: The positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 receive the laser beam and are simultaneously turned on, and the positive polarity peaking capacitor 14 and the negative polarity peaking capacitor 18 begin to bear their respective voltages.

[0063] Step 9: Output switch 19 is turned on, and radiating antenna 20 generates high-altitude electromagnetic pulses.

[0064] based on Figure 2Analyze the effect of the conduction time difference between the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 on the equivalent load of the radiating antenna 20 and the voltage waveform on the output switch 19. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 operate in self-breakdown mode, that is, when both the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 are turned on 195ns after the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 are established, the establishment time difference between the positive and negative polarity Marx generators has a significant impact on the radiation field waveform. When the establishment time difference between the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 is 24ns, although the waveform on the load of the radiating antenna 20 is still acceptable, the leading edge of the voltage on the output switch 19 differs from that when the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 are established simultaneously by about 21ns. The change in the leading edge will alter the breakdown characteristics of the output switch 19 and reduce its breakdown stability. When the settling time difference between the positive polarity storage switch 13 and the negative polarity storage switch 17 is 40ns, not only does the voltage waveform change more rapidly on the output switch 19, but the waveform on the load of the radiating antenna 20 also deviates significantly from the standard requirements, which is unacceptable.

[0065] This invention operates the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 in an externally triggered state. Assuming that the breakdown synchronization of the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 and the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 cannot reach an ideal state, and the turn-on time of the positive polarity intermediate storage switch 13 lags behind the turn-on time of the negative polarity intermediate storage switch 17 by 5 ns, the effect of the turn-on time difference between the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 on the equivalent load of the radiating antenna 20 and the voltage waveform on the output switch 19 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, when the conduction time difference between the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 is 60ns, the difference in the leading edge of the voltage on the output switch 19 is only about 3ns, and the voltage on the load of the radiating antenna 20 still meets the standard requirements. When the conduction time difference between the positive polarity Marx generator 11 and the negative polarity Marx generator 15 is 100ns, the waveform on the load of the radiating antenna 20 is still acceptable.

[0066] As can be seen from the above analysis, this embodiment fully illustrates the beneficial effects of the method proposed in this invention.

[0067] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, characterized in that: It includes a main circuit unit (1) and a trigger circuit unit (2); The main circuit unit (1) includes a positive polarity Marx generator (11) and a positive polarity storage capacitor (12), a positive polarity storage switch (13), and a positive polarity peaking capacitor (14) connected in sequence to the output terminal of the positive polarity Marx generator (11), as well as a negative polarity Marx generator (15) and a negative polarity storage capacitor (16), a negative polarity storage switch (17), and a negative polarity peaking capacitor (18) connected in sequence to the output terminal of the negative polarity Marx generator (15), and also includes an output switch (19) and a radiating antenna (20); the positive polarity peaking capacitor (14) and the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18) are connected to the radiating antenna (20) through the output switch (19); The trigger circuit unit (2) includes a master trigger (21), a positive polarity trigger (22), a negative polarity trigger (23), a first voltage divider mechanism (24), a second voltage divider mechanism (25), a signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26), and a laser (27); the master trigger (21) is connected to the pre-ignition signal input terminals of the positive polarity trigger (22), the negative polarity trigger (23), and the laser (27); the input terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism (24) is connected to the positive polarity storage capacitor (12), and the output terminal of the first voltage divider mechanism (24) is connected to one input terminal of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26). The first voltage divider mechanism (24) is used to convert the high voltage signal output by the positive polarity Marx generator (11) into a low voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26); the first voltage divider mechanism (25) is connected to the pre-ignition signal input terminals of the positive polarity trigger (21), the negative polarity trigger (22), the first voltage divider mechanism (23), the second voltage divider mechanism (24), the second voltage divider mechanism (25), the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26), and the laser (27). The input end of the second voltage divider mechanism (25) is connected to the negative polarity storage capacitor (16), and the output end of the second voltage divider mechanism (25) is connected to the other input end of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26). The second voltage divider mechanism (25) is used to convert the high voltage signal output by the negative polarity Marx generator (15) into a low voltage signal that can be directly processed by the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26). The output end of the signal comparison and analysis circuit board (26) is connected to the trigger signal input end of the laser (27). The output end of the laser (27) is connected to the trigger electrode optical path of the positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17) respectively, and is used to receive the laser trigger signal output by the comparison and analysis circuit board (26) and emit a laser beam to simultaneously trigger the positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17) to conduct.

2. The bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive Marx generator (11) and the negative Marx generator (15) are respectively connected in series with an adjustment inductor. The adjustment inductor is used to make the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive Marx generator (11) greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser (27), the turn-on delay of the positive storage switch (13), and the optical path transmission delay between the laser (27) and the positive storage switch (13), and to make the leading edge time of the output voltage of the negative Marx generator (15) greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser (27), the turn-on delay of the negative storage switch (17), and the optical path transmission delay between the laser (27) and the negative storage switch (17).

3. The bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The capacitance ratio of the positive polarity peaking capacitor (14) and the positive polarity medium storage capacitor (12) is adapted to the voltage withstand characteristics of the positive polarity peaking capacitor (14). The capacitance ratio of the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18) and the negative polarity medium storage capacitor (16) is adapted to the voltage withstand characteristics of the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18).

4. The bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17) are multi-level laser-triggered switches; The laser (27) is a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser.

5. The bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first voltage divider mechanism (24) and the second voltage divider mechanism (25) respectively adopt a capacitor voltage divider and / or a resistor voltage divider.

6. A bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method, based on the bilaterally driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The master trigger (21) is started. The master trigger (21) sends a pre-ignition signal to the laser (27) and sends the pre-stage trigger voltage to the positive trigger (22) and the negative trigger (23) respectively. Step 2: The positive polarity trigger (22) and the negative polarity trigger (23) receive the trigger voltage from the previous stage respectively, and output the positive polarity Marx trigger voltage and the negative polarity Marx trigger voltage to the positive polarity Marx generator (11) and the negative polarity Marx generator (15) respectively. Step 3: The positive polarity Marx generator (11) receives the positive polarity Marx trigger voltage and sends a positive polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to the positive polarity storage capacitor (12); the negative polarity Marx generator (15) receives the negative polarity Marx trigger voltage and sends a negative polarity pulse with a leading edge of several hundred nanoseconds to the negative polarity storage capacitor (16); Step 4: The positive polarity storage capacitor (12) receives a positive polarity pulse and sends the positive polarity storage capacitor voltage to the first voltage divider mechanism (24), while the negative polarity storage capacitor (16) receives a negative polarity pulse and sends the negative polarity storage capacitor voltage to the second voltage divider mechanism (25). Step 5: The first voltage divider (24) receives the positive voltage of the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board (26); at the same time, the second voltage divider (25) receives the negative voltage of the storage capacitor, processes it, and sends it to the signal analysis circuit board (26). Step 6: The signal analysis circuit board (26) detects the processed positive polarity storage capacitor voltage and / or negative polarity storage capacitor voltage, and sends a laser trigger signal to the laser (27); Step 7: The laser (27) receives the laser trigger signal and simultaneously sends a laser beam to the positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17); Step 8: The positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17) receive the laser beam and are simultaneously turned on, and the positive polarity peaking capacitor (14) and the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18) begin to bear their respective voltages. Step 9: The output switch (19) is turned on, and the radiating antenna (20) generates a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse.

7. The bilateral-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 1, before the total trigger (21) is started, the following steps are also included: inserting an adjustment inductor in series in the positive polarity Marx generator (11) to adjust it so that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the positive polarity Marx generator (11) is greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser (27), the turn-on delay of the positive polarity storage switch (13), and the optical path transmission delay between the laser (27) and the positive polarity storage switch (13); inserting an adjustment inductor in series in the negative polarity Marx generator (15) to adjust it so that the leading edge time of the output voltage of the negative polarity Marx generator (15) is greater than the sum of the trigger delay of the laser (27), the turn-on delay of the negative polarity storage switch (17), and the optical path transmission delay between the laser (27) and the negative polarity storage switch (17).

8. The bilateral-drive high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 1, before the total trigger (21) is started, the following steps are also included: adjusting the capacitance ratio of the positive peaking capacitor (14) to the positive storage capacitor (12) according to the withstand voltage characteristics of the positive peaking capacitor (14); The capacitance ratio of the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18) to the negative polarity medium storage capacitor (16) is adjusted according to the withstand voltage characteristics of the negative polarity peaking capacitor (18).

9. The bilateral-driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 1, the total trigger (21) sends a pre-ignition signal to the laser (27) before sending the preceding trigger voltage to the positive trigger (22) and the negative trigger (23) respectively.

10. The bilateral-driven high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Both the positive polarity storage switch (13) and the negative polarity storage switch (17) are multi-level laser-triggered switches; The laser (27) is a sub-nanosecond ultraviolet Q-switched laser; The first voltage divider mechanism (24) and the second voltage divider mechanism (25) respectively adopt a capacitor voltage divider and / or a resistor voltage divider.

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