A modeling and manufacturing method of a turnover plow tip with low resistance and internal strength and external hardness characteristics

Abstract

The application provides a modeling and manufacturing method of a turnover plow tip with low resistance and internal strength and external hardness characteristics, through parameter optimization, three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation analysis on the plow tip curved surface, the plough blade angle λ0, the plough surface angle ε, the angle between the soil trace line and the plough blade η and the soil starting angle θ parameters with the lowest working resistance are determined, the composition of the plow tip base material is optimized and designed, and the mold forging-machining-carburizing-quenching-tempering treatment is carried out, so that a new type of turnover plow tip with low running resistance, high strength and toughness in the core and high wear resistance on the surface is obtained, which can effectively solve the problems of wear failure and increased resistance of the plow tip in the service process due to long-term bearing of high-speed impact and wear from soil, sand and root blocks, and is expected to be widely applied in the field of agricultural machinery soil contact component manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for modeling and manufacturing a reversible plow tip that combines low resistance with internal strength and external hardness. Background Technology

[0002] Tillage is the most fundamental operational step in agricultural planting. The main plow body, as the core component of a high-speed reversible plow, is primarily composed of the plow tip, plow blade, breast plate, and slats. The plow tip, in particular, plays a crucial role in breaking the soil, and during its service life, it is prone to wear and breakage due to the long-term high-speed impact and abrasion from soil, gravel, and rootstocks. Furthermore, the surface parameters of the existing reversible plow's soil-penetrating components are not well-matched with the operating speed, leading to increased plow body running resistance, further accelerating the plow tip wear process and increasing tractor energy consumption. Therefore, designing and developing a reversible plow tip that combines low running resistance, high strength and toughness, and high wear resistance has become one of the urgent problems to be solved to accelerate the high-quality development of the reversible plow industry.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing reversible plows primarily employ traditional methods for optimizing plow body surface parameters to reduce running resistance, and utilize hard alloy layers welded to the plow tip to protect the material. Parameter optimization of the plow body surface commonly utilizes empirical design methods, semi-empirical design methods (geometric forming line graphical methods and analytical methods), and plow body surface design methods based on the plowing process. While these methods can effectively perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the local movement process of the plow body surface, they neglect soil parameters and the interaction parameters between the soil and the plow body, significantly negatively impacting the analysis of plow body running resistance. Advanced simulation calculation methods are necessary to ensure that the calculation results are closer to reality, making the design methods more effective. To address the insufficient wear resistance of the plow tip material, reversible plow production commonly employs techniques such as plasma cladding, plasma welding, and argon arc cladding to weld high-hardness composite coatings such as Fe-based, Ni-based, and Fe-Ni-based coatings onto the plow tip. However, limited by the structural design of the reversible plow tip, if only a cemented carbide layer is welded onto the tip to enhance its wear resistance, it is only applicable to a small area at the tip tip. This will result in the un-welded cemented carbide layer on the tip tip still being prone to rapid wear in high-speed service environments, making it difficult to meet the overall requirements for high wear resistance and long service life of the plow tip. In summary, the existing methods cannot meet the requirements of low operating resistance and high wear resistance of the current reversible plow tip in high-speed service environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a modeling and manufacturing method for a reversible plow tip that combines low resistance with internal strength and external rigidity. This method changes the traditional approach to enhancing plow tip performance by comprehensively employing methods for optimizing plow tip surface parameters, improving plow tip material composition, and refining manufacturing processes.

[0005] First, this invention determines the parameters of the plow blade angle λ0, plow surface angle ε, soil trace line and plow blade angle η, and soil lifting angle θ with the lowest working resistance by combining mathematical modeling, 3D software modeling, and discrete element simulation analysis. Compared with traditional plow body surface optimization methods, the introduction of 3D modeling and discrete element simulation analysis fully considers more factors affecting the plow body operation process, which can significantly improve the feasibility of the optimization results.

[0006] Secondly, this invention introduces appropriate amounts of Nb, V, and Ni elements into the composition design of existing 34MnCrB5 steel used in reversible plow tips, resulting in a novel 34MnCrB5-M steel with fine grains and uniform microstructure. The combined addition of Nb and V elements can refine the grains, improve the strength and toughness of the steel, reduce overheating sensitivity, and improve thermal stability. Ni element can effectively lower the ductile-brittle transition temperature of 34MnCrB5-M steel, improving the service stability of plow tip components under low-temperature conditions.

[0007] Based on this, the present invention improves the manufacturing process of the novel 34MnCrB5-M plowshare tip. By introducing a new carburizing process (die forging-annealing-machining-carburizing-quenching-tempering-shot peening-powder coating), a novel 34MnCrB5-M plowshare tip with significantly improved surface hardness and wear resistance is achieved, while the core material maintains a good strength-toughness balance. It is well known that increasing the carbon content of steel is a cost-effective way to improve its hardness. However, increasing the carbon content in steel also leads to a significant decrease in its toughness after heat treatment, which makes the plowshare tip susceptible to breakage and failure due to impact from sand and gravel during operation. It is worth noting that the carburizing process used in this invention effectively avoids this problem. By using the carburizing process, a high-hardness, high-wear-resistant carburized layer with a thickness of approximately 2.5 mm can be obtained on the surface of the novel 34MnCrB5-M plowshare tip, while the core material remains unchanged, ensuring that the plowshare tip substrate has a good strength-toughness balance to resist the impact of sand and gravel.

[0008] In summary, the above-mentioned technical methods effectively ensure that the new 34MnCrB5-M plow tip can withstand the high-speed impact of soil and stones without easily failing, while also reducing energy consumption by decreasing the plow body's running resistance. The technical methods used in this invention also possess the characteristics of high feasibility, ease of promotion, and low cost, and are expected to be widely applied in fields such as agricultural machinery manufacturing and mining machinery manufacturing.

[0009] This invention relates to the field of manufacturing high wear-resistant agricultural machinery soil-contact components, and provides a modeling and manufacturing method for a reversible plow tip that combines low resistance and internal strength with external hardness. The plow tip prepared by this method can effectively solve the problems of insufficient strength-toughness matching, low wear resistance, and excessive energy consumption of existing reversible plow tips during operation, and is expected to be widely used in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery soil-contact components. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 A flowchart of a preparation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0011] Figure 2 The curve showing the variation of carbon content in the carburized layer of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 1 along the thickness direction is displayed;

[0012] Figure 3 Microscopic images of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 1 are shown;

[0013] Figure 4 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 1 is shown;

[0014] Figure 5 The mechanical and wear resistance test results of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 1 are shown;

[0015] Figure 6 The mechanical properties of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 1 are compared with those of a conventional plowshare component.

[0016] Figure 7 The curve showing the variation of carbon content in the carburized layer of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 2 along the thickness direction is displayed;

[0017] Figure 8 Microscopic images of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 2 are shown;

[0018] Figure 9 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 2 is shown;

[0019] Figure 10 The mechanical and wear resistance test results of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 2 are shown;

[0020] Figure 11 The mechanical properties of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 2 are compared with those of a conventional plowshare component.

[0021] Figure 12 The curve showing the variation of carbon content in the carburized layer of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 3 along the thickness direction is displayed;

[0022] Figure 13 Microscopic images of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 3 are shown;

[0023] Figure 14 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 3 is shown;

[0024] Figure 15The mechanical and wear resistance test results of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 3 are shown;

[0025] Figure 16 The mechanical properties of the plowshare component prepared according to Example 3 are compared with those of a conventional plowshare component. Detailed Implementation

[0026] According to the present invention, in order to address the problem that the methods of applying cemented carbide layers and traditional plow body surface optimization methods cannot effectively improve the overall wear resistance and high running resistance of the plow tip, the present invention provides a modeling and manufacturing method for a reversible plow tip that combines low resistance and internal strength with external hardness.

[0027] First, this invention determines the parameters of the plow blade angle λ0, plow surface angle ε, soil trace line and plow blade angle η, and soil lifting angle θ with the lowest working resistance by combining mathematical modeling, 3D software modeling, and discrete element simulation analysis. Compared with traditional plow body surface optimization methods, the introduction of 3D modeling and discrete element simulation analysis fully considers more factors affecting the plow body operation process, which can significantly improve the feasibility of the optimization results.

[0028] Secondly, this invention introduces appropriate amounts of Nb, V, and Ni elements into the composition design of existing 34MnCrB5 steel used in reversible plow tips, resulting in a novel 34MnCrB5-M steel with fine grains and uniform microstructure. The combined addition of Nb and V elements can refine the grains, improve the strength and toughness of the steel, reduce overheating sensitivity, and improve thermal stability. Ni element can effectively lower the ductile-brittle transition temperature of 34MnCrB5-M steel, improving the service stability of plow tip components under low-temperature conditions.

[0029] Based on this, the present invention improves the manufacturing process of the novel 34MnCrB5-M plow tip. By introducing a new carburizing process (die forging-annealing-machining-carburizing-quenching-tempering-shot peening-powder coating), a novel 34MnCrB5-M plow tip with significantly improved surface hardness and wear resistance is achieved, while the core maintains a good balance of strength and toughness. The above technical methods effectively ensure that the novel 34MnCrB5-M plow tip can withstand high-speed impacts from soil and stones without easily failing, while also reducing energy consumption by decreasing the plow body's running resistance. This is expected to provide a feasible technical solution for improving the wear resistance of agricultural machinery's soil-contact components.

[0030] A method for manufacturing the tip of a reversible plow according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0031] Step 1: Determine the basic parameters. As shown in Equation 1, the parameter selection method is used to establish the relationship between the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship between the soil internal friction angle φ tIt is usually less than 4°. Therefore, the value of the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 is in the range of 40°-45°.

[0032]

[0033] The relationship between the angle η between the soil track line and the plowshare blade, the plowshare surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established, as shown in Equation 2. Generally, for optimizing the plow body surface parameters, to ensure the overall reliability of the plow body surface, the angle η between the soil track line and the plowshare blade is typically set to 16°-24°, and the plowshare surface angle ε is typically set to 30°-40°. Therefore, the soil lifting angle θ ranges from 18° to 30°.

[0034] tanη=tanθ cos ε (2)

[0035] Step 2: Create a 3D model. Based on the parameters determined in Step 1, such as the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, the angle between the soil trace line and the moldboard angle η, and the soil lifting angle θ, use the curve construction command in UG software to generate the main surfaces. Then, perform surface trimming, connection, smoothing, and editing to complete the overall construction and export the .stl model file.

[0036] Step 3: Preliminary preparations for EDEM discrete element simulation. Set the plow body material properties: plow body material density is 7800 kg / m³. 3 The shear modulus is 7.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3; soil properties are set as follows: soil density is 2600 kg / m³ 3 The shear modulus is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.5, and soil particle radius is 2 mm; set the interaction parameters between soil particles and the plow body's soil-entry components: static friction factor between soil particles is 0.40, dynamic friction factor between soil particles is 0.32, collision recovery coefficient between soil particles is 0.11, static friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.30, dynamic friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.22, and collision recovery coefficient between soil particles and plow body is 0.18; create a particle factory to generate soil particles.

[0037] Step 4: Simulation. Import the .stl model file from Step 2 into the EDEM software, set the plow body component's running speed to 3.6-3.8 m / s, and the forward direction to the X-axis; enter the simulation settings, set the time step and simulation time to 10 s, and set the Cell-Size to 2.5Rmin; start the simulation and obtain the average resistance value of the plow body component through simulation.

[0038] Step 5: Preparation of the new 34MnCrB5-M steel. Based on the existing composition design of 34MnCrB5 steel, 0.1-0.3% Nb and 0.1-0.3% V by mass fraction are added, and the alloy is melted in a medium-frequency induction melting furnace and cast into shapes with dimensions of [missing information]. The ingot is heated to 920℃-960℃ and held for 1.0h-1.2h. After being taken out of the furnace, it undergoes a primary rolling and a secondary finishing rolling to form an ingot with dimensions of [size missing]. 34MnCrB5-M bar stock; cut the bar stock into plowshare blanks with a length of 340mm-360mm.

[0039] Table 1. Comparison of chemical composition (mass fraction, %) between the new 34MnCrB5-M steel and the existing 33MnCrB5 steel

[0040]

[0041] Step 6: Forging and Annealing of Plowshare Billet. The 34MnCrB5-M steel billet from Step 5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 900℃-950℃. After holding at that temperature for 1-2 hours, it is removed from the furnace and transferred to a forging machine. After forging, it is cooled to room temperature in air. The forged billet is then transferred to an annealing furnace and heated to 600℃-650℃. After holding at that temperature for 1-2 hours, it is cooled to room temperature in the furnace. A hard alloy layer is then deposited onto the back of the plowshare tip.

[0042] Step 7: Plowshare machining. Based on the 3D model data of the plowshare component in Step 2, the plowshare is precision machined using a CNC machine tool according to the drawing requirements.

[0043] Step 8: Plowshare tip carburizing-quenching-tempering treatment. Place the plowshare tip from Step 7 in a gas carburizing furnace, set the carburizing temperature to 910℃-930℃, the time to 9-10 hours, and the carbon potential to 1.0%-1.2%. After carburizing, transfer the plowshare tip to quenching oil at 45℃-55℃. After quenching, transfer the plowshare tip to a tempering furnace at 180℃-200℃ and hold for 1.8-2.0 hours, then air-cool to room temperature. Finally, perform shot peening and powder coating treatments.

[0044] The advantages of this invention include:

[0045] This invention provides a modeling and manufacturing method for a reversible plow tip that combines low resistance and internal strength with external rigidity. This method changes the traditional approach of enhancing the single performance of the plow tip by comprehensively employing methods for optimizing the plow tip surface parameters, improving the plow tip material composition, and improving the manufacturing process. This method has the following advantages:

[0046] (1) Based on the traditional mathematical calculation and three-dimensional modeling combined plow body surface optimization method, this invention introduces EDEM discrete element simulation analysis to reasonably optimize the design parameters of the plow tip component of the reversible plow. It fully considers parameters such as soil environment and contact environment between plow body and soil, effectively reducing plow body running resistance, wear of plow tip component and tractor fuel consumption.

[0047] (2) This invention improves the composition design of 34MnCrB5 steel by adding 0.1-0.3% Nb, 0.1-0.3% V, and 0.1-0.3% Ni by mass to obtain a new type of 34MnCrB5-M steel. Nb and V, as strong carbide-forming elements, exist mostly as fine and dispersed carbides in the steel, effectively refining the grain size of 34MnCrB5-M steel, thus improving both its strength and toughness. Ni can effectively lower the ductile-hardening transition temperature of 34MnCrB5-M steel, improving the service stability of plowshare components under low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, Nb, V, and Ni are environmentally friendly and inexpensive, making them a cost-effective means of improving steel performance.

[0048] (3) The carburizing-quenching-tempering heat treatment process used in this invention is a mature industrial technology and has a lower cost than other surface strengthening technologies (such as plasma spraying and surface remelting). The plow tip treated by carburizing-quenching-tempering has the characteristics of "hard outside and tough inside", which effectively ensures that the new plow tip can withstand the high-speed impact of soil and stones without easily failing. Therefore, the heat treatment process used in this invention is not only cost-effective, but can also be extended to the manufacturing field of wear-resistant parts for mining machinery, and has broad application prospects.

[0049] In summary, the modeling and manufacturing method of the reversible plow tip provided by this invention, which combines low resistance and internal strength with external hardness, can not only effectively solve the problems of insufficient wear resistance and high resistance of existing reversible plow tips during operation, but also has the characteristics of high cost performance and easy promotion. It has important and broad application prospects in the fields of agricultural machinery manufacturing and mining machinery manufacturing.

[0050] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. However, the scope of implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] The operating steps include:

[0053] (1) Design and manufacture of the plowshare tip, including:

[0054] Step 1: Establish a mathematical model. As shown in Equation 3, the parameter selection method is used to establish the relationship between the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship between the soil internal friction angle φ t Typically less than 4°. Therefore, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 ranges from 40° to 45°, and in this embodiment, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 is 40°.

[0055]

[0056] The relationship between the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade, the plowshare surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established, as shown in Equation 4. Typically, for optimizing the plow body surface parameters, to ensure the overall reliability of the plow body surface, in this embodiment, the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade is set to 16°, and the plowshare surface angle ε is set to 30°. Therefore, the soil lifting angle θ is taken as 18°.

[0057] tanη=tanθcos (4)

[0058] Step 2: Create a 3D model. Based on the parameters of the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, soil trace line and moldboard angle η, and soil lifting angle θ from Step 1, use the curve construction command in UG software to generate the main surfaces. Then, perform surface trimming, connection, smoothing, and editing to complete the overall construction and export the .stl model file.

[0059] Step 3: Preliminary preparations for EDEM discrete element simulation. Set the plow body material properties: plow body material density is 7800 kg / m³. 3 The shear modulus is 7.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3; soil properties are set as follows: soil density is 2600 kg / m³ 3 The shear modulus is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.5, and soil particle radius is 2 mm; set the interaction parameters between soil particles and the plow body's soil-entry components: static friction factor between soil particles is 0.40, dynamic friction factor between soil particles is 0.32, collision recovery coefficient between soil particles is 0.11, static friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.30, dynamic friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.22, and collision recovery coefficient between soil particles and plow body is 0.18; create a particle factory to generate soil particles.

[0060] Step 4: Simulation. Import the .stl model file from Step 2 into the EDEM software, set the plow body component's running speed to 3.6 m / s, and the forward direction to the X-axis; enter the simulation settings, set the time step and simulation time to 10 s, and set the Cell-Size to 2.5Rmin; start the simulation, and after the simulation is completed, the average resistance value of the plow body component is 5.63 kN.

[0061] Step 5: Preparation of the novel 34MnCrB5-M steel. Based on the existing composition design of 34MnCrB5 steel, 0.1% Nb, 0.1% V, and 0.1% Ni by mass fraction were added. The alloy was melted using a medium-frequency induction melting furnace and cast into shapes with dimensions of [missing information]. The ingot is heated to 920℃ and held for 1.0 h. After being taken out of the furnace, it undergoes a primary rolling and a secondary finishing rolling to form an ingot with dimensions of [size missing]. 34MnCrB5-M bar stock; the bar stock is cut into plowshare blanks with a length of 340mm.

[0062] Table 2. Comparison of chemical composition (mass fraction, %) between the new 34MnCrB5-M steel and the existing 33MnCrB5 steel

[0063]

[0064] Step 6: Forging and Annealing of Plowshare Billet. The 34MnCrB5-M steel billet from Step 5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 900℃. After holding at that temperature for 1.0 h, it is removed from the furnace and transferred to a forging machine. After forging, it is cooled to room temperature in air. The forged billet is then transferred to an annealing furnace and heated to 600℃. After holding at that temperature for 1.0 h, it is cooled to room temperature in the furnace. A hard alloy layer is deposited on the back of the plowshare tip.

[0065] Step 7: Plowshare machining. Based on the 3D model data of the plowshare component from Step 2, the plowshare is precision machined using a CNC machine tool according to the drawing requirements.

[0066] Step 8: Carburizing, Quenching, and Tempering of the Plowshare Tip. Place the plowshare tip from Step 7 in a gas carburizing furnace. Set the carburizing temperature to 910℃, the time to 9.0h, and the carbon potential to 1.0%. After carburizing, transfer the plowshare tip to quenching oil at 45℃. After quenching, transfer the plowshare tip to a tempering furnace at 180℃ and hold for 1.8h, then air-cool to room temperature. Finally, perform shot peening and powder coating treatments.

[0067] (2) Alloy testing

[0068] The variation of carbon content along the thickness direction of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare carburized layer was tested using a SPECTRO direct-reading spectrometer. The test results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the carbon content of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare carburized layer in this embodiment first decreases and then tends to remain constant with the increase of distance from the surface layer. The maximum carbon content near the surface layer is 0.70 wt.%, and the carbon content in the core is 0.34 wt.%.

[0069] The microstructure of the surface layer of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare was observed using a FEI Nova Nano450 field emission scanning electron microscope and a Leica optical microscope. Before the experiment, the sample was successively mounted, ground and polished. Figure 3 OM image of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface tissue in this embodiment ( Figure 3 a) and SEM images ( Figure 3 b). As can be seen, the surface of the 33MnCrB5-M plowshare is composed of acicular martensite, retained austenite, and carbides. The acicular martensite is small in size and uniformly distributed, with an average length of about 5.4 μm.

[0070] The phase composition of the surface material of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction was performed using a Rigaku-Smartlab XRD instrument from Japan. Co targets were selected as the target material, the scanning speed was 4° / min, and the scanning angle was 40°-120°. Figure 4 The phase composition of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material of this embodiment is shown. It can be seen that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material is mainly composed of α and γ phases.

[0071] A room temperature tensile test was conducted on the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip on an Instron-8801 tensile testing machine. The tensile specimen used was a standard "dog bone" shaped specimen cut along the length of the plowshare tip core, with a gauge length of 25 mm. Before the test, the surface and cross-section of the tensile specimen needed to be polished to remove oxide scale and cutting marks. During the test, the strain value of the specimen was measured using an electronic extensometer, and the strain rate was 1×10⁻⁶. -3 s -1 . Figure 5 The stress-strain curves of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip of this embodiment during the tensile process are shown. It can be seen that the yield strength of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip is 1347 MPa, and the tensile strength is 1814 MPa. This indicates that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip achieves both high yield strength and high tensile strength.

[0072] The surface hardness of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip was tested using an FR-3E digital Rockwell hardness tester. The loading force was set to 1470N, the holding time was 10s, and each sample was tested 5 times and the average value was taken. Figure 5 The surface hardness test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface hardness of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material is 59.7 HRC, which is beneficial for improving the wear resistance of the plowshare surface.

[0073] The wear resistance of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface was tested using an MFT-R4000 high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester at room temperature. The friction pair was selected with dimensions of [missing information]. The ZrO ceramic balls were subjected to a loading force of 20N, a stroke of 8mm, and a time of 0.5h. The weight loss of the sample after the friction and wear test was measured using a high-precision balance (accuracy of 0.01%) as the wear amount. Figure 5 The surface wear test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface wear of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip is 0.8 mg, which is closely related to the high hardness of the plow tip surface.

[0074] The new 33MnCrB5-M plow tip was subjected to room temperature impact tests using an NI300 impact testing machine. The impact specimens used were standard Charpy V-notch specimens cut along the length of the plow tip core, with dimensions of 55×10×10mm. Figure 5 The impact test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the impact absorption energy of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material is 57.3 J, indicating that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material achieves high toughness.

[0075] Through the above tests and characterization, it can be found that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip of this embodiment maintains a good balance of strength and toughness in the core, while also possessing high surface hardness and high wear resistance. Furthermore, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip, with optimized surface design parameters, also exhibits low resistance characteristics, and is expected to find important applications in agricultural machinery and advanced industries.

[0076] The mechanical performance parameters of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare in this embodiment are compared with those of existing plowshares, for example... Figure 6 As shown. By Figure 6 It can be seen that, compared with existing plowshares, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare of this embodiment not only has higher yield strength ( Figure 6 a) Tensile strength ( Figure 6 b) Hardness Figure 6 c) Abrasion resistance Figure 6 d) and toughness ( Figure 6 The operating resistance during operation is significantly higher in all aspects (e). Figure 6 f) also decreased.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] The operating steps include:

[0079] (1) Design and manufacture of the plowshare tip, including:

[0080] Step 1: Establish a mathematical model. As shown in Equation 5, the parameter selection method is used to establish the relationship between the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship between the soil internal friction angle φ t Typically less than 4°. Therefore, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 ranges from 40° to 45°, and in this embodiment, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 is 42.5°.

[0081]

[0082] The relationship between the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade, the plowshare surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established, as shown in Equation 6. Typically, for optimizing the plow body surface parameters, to ensure the overall reliability of the plow body surface, in this embodiment, the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade is set to 20°, and the plowshare surface angle ε is set to 35°. Therefore, the soil lifting angle θ is taken as 24°.

[0083] tanη=tanθcosε (6)

[0084] Step 2: Create a 3D model. Based on the parameters of the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, soil trace line and moldboard angle η, and soil lifting angle θ from Step 1, use the curve construction command in UG software to generate the main surfaces. Then, perform surface trimming, connection, smoothing, and editing to complete the overall construction and export the .stl model file.

[0085] Step 3: Preliminary preparations for EDEM discrete element simulation. Set the plow body material properties: plow body material density is 7800 kg / m³. 3 The shear modulus is 7.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3; soil properties are set as follows: soil density is 2600 kg / m³ 3 The shear modulus is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.5, and soil particle radius is 2 mm; set the interaction parameters between soil particles and the plow body's soil-entry components: static friction factor between soil particles is 0.40, dynamic friction factor between soil particles is 0.32, collision recovery coefficient between soil particles is 0.11, static friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.30, dynamic friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.22, and collision recovery coefficient between soil particles and plow body is 0.18; create a particle factory to generate soil particles.

[0086] Step 4: Simulation. Import the .stl model file from Step 2 into the EDEM software, set the plow body component's running speed to 3.7 m / s, and the forward direction to the X-axis; enter the simulation settings, set the time step and simulation time to 10 s, and set the Cell-Size to 2.5Rmin; start the simulation, and after the simulation is completed, the average resistance value of the plow body component is obtained as 5.03 kN.

[0087] Step 5: Preparation of the novel 34MnCrB5-M steel. Based on the existing composition design of 34MnCrB5 steel, 0.2% Nb, 0.2% V, and 0.2% Ni by mass fraction were added. The alloy was melted using a medium-frequency induction melting furnace and cast into shapes with dimensions of [missing information]. The ingot is heated to 940℃ and held for 1.1 hours. After being removed from the furnace, it undergoes a primary rolling and a secondary finishing rolling to form an ingot with dimensions of [size missing]. 34MnCrB5-M bar stock; the bar stock is cut into plowshare blanks with a length of 350mm.

[0088] Table 3. Comparison of chemical composition (mass fraction, %) between the new 34MnCrB5-M steel and the existing 33MnCrB5 steel

[0089]

[0090] Step 6: Forging and Annealing of Plowshare Billet. The 34MnCrB5-M steel billet from Step 5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 925℃. After holding at that temperature for 1.5 hours, it is removed from the furnace and transferred to a forging machine. After forging, it is cooled to room temperature in air. The forged billet is then transferred to an annealing furnace and heated to 625℃. After holding at that temperature for 1.5 hours, it is cooled to room temperature in the furnace. A hard alloy layer is deposited on the back of the plowshare tip.

[0091] Step 7: Plowshare machining. Based on the 3D model data of the plowshare component from Step 2, the plowshare is precision machined using a CNC machine tool according to the drawing requirements.

[0092] Step 8: Plowshare tip carburizing-quenching-tempering treatment. Place the plowshare tip blank from Step 7 in a gas carburizing furnace. Set the carburizing temperature to 920℃, the time to 9.5 hours, and the carbon potential to 1.1%. After carburizing, transfer the plowshare tip to quenching oil at 50℃. After quenching, transfer the plowshare tip to a tempering furnace at 190℃ and hold for 1.9 hours, then air-cool to room temperature. Finally, perform shot peening and powder coating treatments.

[0093] (2) Alloy testing

[0094] The variation of carbon content along the thickness direction of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare carburized layer was tested using a SPECTRO direct-reading spectrometer. The test results are as follows: Figure 7As shown, the carbon content of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare carburized layer in this embodiment first decreases and then tends to remain constant with the increase of distance from the surface layer. The maximum carbon content near the surface layer is 0.73 wt.%, and the carbon content in the core is 0.34 wt.%.

[0095] The microstructure of the surface layer of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare was observed using a FEI Nova Nano450 field emission scanning electron microscope and a Leica optical microscope. Before the experiment, the sample was successively mounted, ground and polished. Figure 8 OM image of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface tissue in this embodiment ( Figure 8 a) and SEM images ( Figure 8 b). As can be seen, the surface of the 33MnCrB5-M plowshare is composed of acicular martensite + retained austenite + carbides. The acicular martensite is small in size and uniformly distributed, with an average length of about 5.0 μm.

[0096] The phase composition of the surface material of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction was performed using a Rigaku-Smartlab XRD instrument from Japan. Co targets were selected as the target material, the scanning speed was 4° / min, and the scanning angle was 40°-120°. Figure 9 The phase composition of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material of this embodiment is shown. It can be seen that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material is mainly composed of α and γ phases.

[0097] A room temperature tensile test was conducted on the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip on an Instron-8801 tensile testing machine. The tensile specimen used was a standard "dog bone" shaped specimen cut along the length of the plowshare tip core, with a gauge length of 25 mm. Before the test, the surface and cross-section of the tensile specimen needed to be polished to remove oxide scale and cutting marks. During the test, the strain value of the specimen was measured using an electronic extensometer, and the strain rate was 1×10⁻⁶. -3 s -1 . Figure 10 The stress-strain curves of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip of this embodiment during the tensile process are shown. It can be seen that the yield strength of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip is 1393 MPa, and the tensile strength is 1871 MPa. This indicates that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip achieves both high yield strength and high tensile strength.

[0098] The surface hardness of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip was tested using an FR-3E digital Rockwell hardness tester. The loading force was set to 1470N, the holding time was 10s, and each sample was tested 5 times and the average value was taken. Figure 10The surface hardness test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface hardness of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare is 60.2 HRC, which is beneficial for improving the wear resistance of the plowshare surface.

[0099] The wear resistance of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface was tested using an MFT-R4000 high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester at room temperature. The friction pair was selected with dimensions of [missing information]. The ZrO ceramic balls were subjected to a loading force of 20N, a stroke of 8mm, and a time of 0.5h. The weight loss of the sample after the friction and wear test was measured using a high-precision balance (accuracy of 0.01%) as the wear amount. Figure 10 The surface wear test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material in this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface wear of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material is 0.7 mg, which is closely related to the high hardness of the plowshare surface.

[0100] The new 33MnCrB5-M plow tip was subjected to room temperature impact tests using an NI300 impact testing machine. The impact specimens used were standard Charpy V-notch specimens cut along the length of the plow tip core, with dimensions of 55×10×10mm. Figure 10 The impact test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the impact absorption energy of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material is 58.2 J, indicating that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material achieves high toughness.

[0101] Through the above tests and characterization, it can be found that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip of this embodiment maintains a good balance of strength and toughness in the core while also possessing high surface hardness and high wear resistance. Furthermore, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plow tip, with optimized design parameters, also exhibits low resistance characteristics, and is expected to find important applications in agricultural machinery and advanced industries.

[0102] The mechanical performance parameters of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare in this embodiment are compared with those of existing plowshares, for example... Figure 11 As shown. By Figure 11 It can be seen that, compared with existing plowshares, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare of this embodiment not only has higher yield strength ( Figure 11 a) Tensile strength ( Figure 11 b) Hardness Figure 11 c) Abrasion resistance Figure 11 d) and toughness ( Figure 11 The operating resistance during operation is significantly higher in all aspects (e). Figure 11 f) also decreased.

[0103] Example 3:

[0104] The operating steps include:

[0105] (1) Design and manufacture of the plowshare tip, including:

[0106] Step 1: Establish a mathematical model. As shown in Equation 7, the parameter selection method is used to establish the relationship between the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship between the soil internal friction angle φ t Typically less than 4°. Therefore, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 ranges from 40° to 45°, and in this embodiment, the value of the moldboard angle λ0 is 45°.

[0107]

[0108] The relationship between the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade, the plowshare surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established, as shown in Equation 8. Typically, for optimizing the plow body surface parameters, to ensure the overall reliability of the plow body surface, in this embodiment, the angle η between the soil trace line and the plowshare blade is set to 24°, and the plowshare surface angle ε is set to 40°. Therefore, the soil lifting angle θ is taken as 30°.

[0109] tanη=tanθcosε (8)

[0110] Step 2: Create a 3D model. Based on the parameters of the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, soil trace line and moldboard angle η, and soil lifting angle θ from Step 1, use the curve construction command in UG software to generate the main surfaces. Then, perform surface trimming, connection, smoothing, and editing to complete the overall construction and export the .stl model file.

[0111] Step 3: Preliminary preparations for EDEM discrete element simulation. Set the plow body material properties: plow body material density is 7800 kg / m³. 3 The shear modulus is 7.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3; soil properties are set as follows: soil density is 2600 kg / m³ 3 The shear modulus is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.5, and soil particle radius is 2 mm; set the interaction parameters between soil particles and the plow body's soil-entry components: static friction factor between soil particles is 0.40, dynamic friction factor between soil particles is 0.32, collision recovery coefficient between soil particles is 0.11, static friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.30, dynamic friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.22, and collision recovery coefficient between soil particles and plow body is 0.18; create a particle factory to generate soil particles.

[0112] Step 4: Simulation. Import the .stl model file from Step 2 into the EDEM software, set the plow body component's running speed to 3.8 m / s, and the forward direction to the X-axis; enter the simulation settings, set the time step and simulation time to 10 s, and set the Cell-Size to 2.5Rmin; start the simulation, and after the simulation is completed, the average resistance value of the plow body component is obtained as 5.53 kN.

[0113] Step 5: Preparation of the new 34MnCrB5-M steel. Based on the existing composition design of 34MnCrB5 steel, 0.3% Nb, 0.3% V, and 0.3% Ni by mass fraction were added. The alloy was melted using a medium-frequency induction melting furnace and cast into shapes with dimensions of [missing information]. The ingot is heated to 960℃ and held for 1.2 hours. After being removed from the furnace, it undergoes a primary rolling and a secondary finishing rolling to form an ingot with dimensions of [size missing]. 34MnCrB5-M bar stock; the bar stock is cut into plowshare blanks with a length of 360mm.

[0114] Table 4. Comparison of chemical composition (mass fraction, %) between the new 34MnCrB5-M steel and the existing 33MnCrB5 steel

[0115]

[0116] Step 6: Forging and Annealing of Plowshare Billet. The 34MnCrB5-M steel billet from Step 5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 950℃. After holding at that temperature for 2.0 hours, it is removed from the furnace and transferred to a forging machine. After forging, it is cooled to room temperature in air. The forged billet is then transferred to an annealing furnace and heated to 650℃. After holding at that temperature for 2.0 hours, it is cooled to room temperature in the furnace. A hard alloy layer is deposited on the back of the plowshare tip.

[0117] Step 7: Plowshare machining. Based on the 3D model data of the plowshare component in Step 2, the plowshare is precision machined using a CNC machine tool according to the drawing requirements.

[0118] Step 8: Carburizing, Quenching, and Tempering of the Plowshare Tip. Place the plowshare tip from Step 7 in a gas carburizing furnace. Set the carburizing temperature to 930℃, the time to 10.0h, and the carbon potential to 1.2%. After carburizing, transfer the plowshare tip to quenching oil at 55℃. After quenching, transfer the plowshare tip to a tempering furnace at 200℃ and hold for 2.0h, then air-cool to room temperature. Finally, perform shot peening and powder coating treatments.

[0119] (2) Alloy testing

[0120] The variation of carbon content along the thickness direction of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare carburized layer was tested using a SPECTRO direct-reading spectrometer. The test results are as follows: Figure 12As shown, the carbon content of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip carburized layer in this embodiment first decreases and then tends to remain constant with the increase of distance from the surface layer. The maximum carbon content near the surface layer is 0.72 wt.%, and the carbon content in the core is 0.34 wt.%. The microstructure of the surface layer of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip was observed using a FEI Nova Nano450 field emission scanning electron microscope and a Leica optical microscope. Before the experiment, the sample was successively mounted, ground, and polished. Figure 13 OM image of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface tissue in this embodiment ( Figure 13 a) and SEM images ( Figure 13 b). As can be seen, the surface of the 33MnCrB5-M plowshare is composed of acicular martensite + retained austenite + carbides. The acicular martensite is small in size and uniformly distributed, with an average length of about 5.3 μm.

[0121] The phase composition of the surface material of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction was performed using a Rigaku-Smartlab XRD instrument from Japan. Co targets were selected as the target material, the scanning speed was 4° / min, and the scanning angle was 40°-120°. Figure 14 The phase composition of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material of this embodiment is shown. It can be seen that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface material is mainly composed of α and γ phases.

[0122] A room temperature tensile test was conducted on the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip on an Instron-8801 tensile testing machine. The tensile specimen used was a standard "dog bone" shaped specimen cut along the length of the plowshare tip core, with a gauge length of 25 mm. Before the test, the surface and cross-section of the tensile specimen needed to be polished to remove oxide scale and cutting marks. During the test, the strain value of the specimen was measured using an electronic extensometer, and the strain rate was 1×10⁻⁶. -3 s -1 . Figure 15 The stress-strain curves of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip of this embodiment during the tensile process are shown. It can be seen that the yield strength of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip material is 1344 MPa, and the tensile strength is 1803 MPa. This indicates that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip material achieves both high yield strength and high tensile strength.

[0123] The surface hardness of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare tip was tested using an FR-3E digital Rockwell hardness tester. The loading force was set to 1470N, the holding time was 10s, and each sample was tested 5 times and the average value was taken. Figure 15The surface hardness test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface hardness of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare is 59.1 HRC, which is beneficial for improving the wear resistance of the plowshare surface.

[0124] The wear resistance of the new 33MnCrB5-M plowshare surface was tested using an MFT-R4000 high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester at room temperature. The friction pair was selected with dimensions of [missing information]. The ZrO ceramic balls were subjected to a loading force of 20N, a stroke of 8mm, and a time of 0.5h. The weight loss of the sample after the friction and wear test was measured using a high-precision balance (accuracy of 0.01%) as the wear amount. Figure 15 The surface wear test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the surface wear of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare material is 0.8 mg, which is closely related to the high hardness of the plowshare surface.

[0125] The new 33MnCrB5-M plow tip was subjected to room temperature impact tests using an NI300 impact testing machine. The impact specimens used were standard Charpy V-notch specimens cut along the length of the plow tip core, with dimensions of 55×10×10mm. Figure 15 The impact test results of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material of this embodiment are shown. It can be seen that the impact absorption energy of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material is 58.0 J, indicating that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare core material achieves high toughness.

[0126] Through the above tests and characterization, it can be found that the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare of this embodiment maintains a good balance of strength and toughness in the core while also possessing high surface hardness and high wear resistance. Furthermore, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare, with optimized design parameters, also exhibits low resistance characteristics, and is expected to find important applications in agricultural machinery and advanced industries. A comparison of the mechanical performance parameters of the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare of this embodiment with existing plowshares is shown below. Figure 16 As shown. By Figure 16 It can be seen that, compared with existing plowshares, the novel 33MnCrB5-M plowshare of this embodiment not only has higher yield strength ( Figure 16 a) Tensile strength ( Figure 16 b) Hardness Figure 16 c) Abrasion resistance Figure 16 d) and toughness ( Figure 16 The operating resistance during operation is significantly higher in all aspects (e). Figure 16 f) also decreased.

Claims

1. A method for modeling the tip of a flipped plow, characterized in that... include: Step S1: Determine the basic parameters, including establishing the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship is: The relationship between the angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard cutting edge, the moldboard surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established as follows: tanη=tanθcosε (2) Step S2: Establish a 3D model, including: based on the parameters determined in Step S1, such as the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, the angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard angle, and the soil lifting angle θ, use the curve construction command in UG software to generate the main surfaces. Then, perform surface trimming, connection, smoothing, and editing to complete the overall construction, and export the .stl model file. Step S3: Preliminary preparations for EDEM discrete element simulation, including setting the material properties of the plow body as follows: The density of the plow body material is 7800 kg / m³. 3 The shear modulus is 7.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3; Set soil properties: Soil density is 2600 kg / m³ 3 The shear modulus is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Pa, Poisson's ratio is 0.5, and soil particle radius is 2 mm; The interaction parameters between soil particles and the plow body's soil-entry components are set as follows: static friction factor between soil particles is 0.40, dynamic friction factor between soil particles is 0.32, collision recovery coefficient between soil particles is 0.11, static friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.30, dynamic friction factor between soil particles and plow body is 0.22, and collision recovery coefficient between soil particles and plow body is 0.

18. Step S4: Perform simulation, including: Import the .stl model file from step S2 into the EDEM software, set the running speed of the plow body component to 3.6-3.8 m / s, and the forward direction to the X-axis direction; Enter the simulation settings, set the time step and simulation time to a total of 10 seconds, and set the Cell-Size to 2.5Rmin; Start the simulation and obtain the average resistance value of the plow body components through simulation.

2. The modeling method for the tip of a reversible plow according to claim 1, characterized in that: Soil internal friction angle φ t The value of the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 is less than 4°, and the range of the value is 40°-45°.

3. The modeling method for the tip of a reversible plow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard edge is generally set to 16°-24°, and the moldboard surface angle ε is generally set to 30°-40°. Therefore, the value range of the soil lifting angle θ is 18°-30°.

4. A method for manufacturing the tip of a reversible plow that combines low resistance with internal strength and external hardness, characterized in that... include: Step S5: Preparation of novel 34MnCrB5-M steel, including: Based on the existing composition of 34MnCrB5 steel, 0.1-0.3% Nb and 0.1-0.3% V by mass are added to form a new type of 34MnCrB5-M steel with a new composition. The alloy is melted in a medium-frequency induction melting furnace and cast into shapes with dimensions of [missing information]. Ingots; The ingot is heated to 920℃-960℃ and held for 1.0h-1.2h. After being removed from the furnace, it undergoes a primary rolling and a secondary finishing rolling to form an ingot with the following dimensions: 34MnCrB5-M rods; Cut the bar stock into plow tip blanks with a length of 340mm-360mm; Step S6: Forging and annealing of plowshare billet, including: The plowshare blank from step S5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 900℃-950℃. After holding at that temperature for 1-2 hours, it is taken out of the furnace and transferred to a die forging machine. After die forging, it is cooled to room temperature in the air to become the die-forged plowshare blank. After die forging, the plowshare billet is transferred to an annealing furnace and heated to 600℃-650℃. It is held at that temperature for 1-2 hours and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace. A hard alloy layer is welded onto the back of the tip of the plowshare blank; Step S7: Plow tip machining, including: based on the 3D model data of the plow tip component, and according to the drawing requirements, using a CNC machine tool to perform precision machining on the plow tip, wherein the 3D model data is determined by the following operations: Determine the basic parameters, including establishing the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 and the soil internal friction angle φ. t The relationship is: The relationship between the angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard cutting edge, the moldboard surface angle ε, and the soil lifting angle θ is further established as follows: tanη=tanθcosε (2) The three-dimensional model is established, including: based on the parameters determined in step S1, such as the moldboard angle λ0, moldboard surface angle ε, the angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard angle, and the soil lifting angle θ, the main surfaces are generated using the curve construction command in UG software. Then, the surfaces are trimmed, connected, smoothed, and edited to complete the overall construction, and the .stl model file is exported. Step S8: Carburizing, quenching, and tempering treatment of the plowshare tip, including: The plowshare from step S7 is placed in a gas carburizing furnace, the carburizing temperature is set to 910℃-930℃, the time is 9h-10h, and the carbon potential is 1.0%-1.2%. After carburizing, the plow tip is quenched in quenching oil at a temperature of 45℃-55℃. After quenching, the plow tip is transferred to a tempering furnace at 180℃-200℃ and held for 1.8h-2.0h, then air-cooled to room temperature; Shot peening and powder coating are performed.

5. The method for manufacturing the tip of a reversible plow with both low resistance and internal strength and external hardness as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The composition of existing 34MnCrB5 steel and the composition of the new 34MnCrB5-M steel are as follows: The unit is mass fraction.

6. The method for manufacturing the tip of a reversible plow with both low resistance and internal strength and external hardness as described in claim 4 is characterized in that: Soil internal friction angle φ t The value of the moldboard cutting edge angle λ0 is less than 4°, and the range of the value is 40°-45°.

7. The method for modeling and manufacturing the tip of a reversible plow with both low resistance and strong internal and hard external characteristics as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The angle η between the soil trace line and the moldboard edge is set to 16°-24°, and the moldboard surface angle ε is set to 30°-40°. Therefore, the range of the soil lifting angle θ is 18°-30°.

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