Measuring device for measuring the height of foreign bodies in a pipe

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring device for measuring the height of a foreign object in a pipe. The measuring device disclosed in the present invention can include an ultrasonic wave transmitting unit disposed at a first area of an outer side surface of a pipe through which a fluid passes, including an ultrasonic wave generator for generating an ultrasonic wave and a transmitting medium part disposed between the ultrasonic wave generator and the first area and transmitting the ultrasonic wave to the first area; an ultrasonic wave receiving unit disposed at a second area of the outer side surface of the pipe, including an ultrasonic wave receiver and a receiving medium part disposed between the ultrasonic wave receiver and the second area, the receiving medium part transmitting the ultrasonic wave, which is transmitted from the first area to the second area through the inside of the pipe, to the ultrasonic wave receiver, and the ultrasonic wave receiver receiving the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the receiving medium part; and a signal measurer connected to the ultrasonic wave receiver for measuring a signal of the ultrasonic wave received from the ultrasonic wave receiver and a signal corresponding thereto, the transmitting medium part can transmit a transverse wave type ultrasonic wave to the first area, and the receiving medium part can receive a transverse wave type ultrasonic wave from the second area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting foreign objects in piping, and more specifically, to a measuring apparatus and method for determining the height of foreign objects in piping. Background Technology

[0002] As fluids flow, foreign objects such as deposits can accumulate inside various pipes, potentially causing blockages. Therefore, it is necessary to detect foreign objects accumulated in the pipes and take appropriate measures.

[0003] Existing technologies for detecting foreign objects in piping include methods that utilize guided waves propagating along the piping to detect foreign objects or methods that utilize sound waves generated by impacting the piping to determine the thickness of the foreign object. However, when using guided waves, measurement can only be performed when the foreign object is in complete contact with the piping, and because the signal strength varies depending on the type of foreign object, accurate measurement is difficult. Similarly, impacting the piping also only allows for measurement when the foreign object is in complete contact with the piping. Furthermore, the impact method may damage the connections between pipes or the piping itself.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies have limitations in terms of resolution. Because the height of measurable foreign objects inside the pipe is relatively high, there are problems and limitations in detecting or tracking and managing small amounts of foreign objects at low heights. Summary of the Invention Technical issues

[0005] The technical objective of this invention is to provide a measuring device that can measure the height of foreign objects in piping in a non-invasive manner, easily measure the accumulation height of foreign objects without considering the type of foreign object, and significantly reduce the height of measurable foreign objects by increasing the resolution.

[0006] The technical objectives to be achieved by this invention are not limited to those described above. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains can clearly understand other objectives not mentioned through the following description. Technical solution

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping, comprising: an ultrasonic transmitting unit disposed in a first region on the outer side of the piping through which fluid passes, including an ultrasonic generator and a transmitting medium, wherein the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic waves, and the transmitting medium is disposed between the ultrasonic generator and the first region and transmits the ultrasonic waves to the first region; an ultrasonic receiving unit disposed in a second region on the outer side of the piping, including an ultrasonic receiver and a receiving medium, wherein the receiving medium is disposed between the ultrasonic receiver and the second region, and the receiving medium transmits the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first region through the interior of the piping to the second region to the ultrasonic receiver, and the ultrasonic receiver receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the receiving medium; and a signal measuring device connected to the ultrasonic receiver for measuring the signal of the ultrasonic waves received from the ultrasonic receiver and the corresponding signal thereon, wherein the transmitting medium transmits shear wave type ultrasonic waves to the first region, and the receiving medium receives shear wave type ultrasonic waves from the second region.

[0008] The aforementioned ultrasonic generator generates longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves, and the aforementioned transmitting medium may include a first ultrasonic wave type conversion unit for converting the aforementioned longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves into transverse wave ultrasonic waves.

[0009] The aforementioned first ultrasonic type conversion unit may include a metamaterial structure having a unit pattern structure.

[0010] The cross section of the aforementioned unit pattern structure can be a deformed triangle, a Z-shape, or a segmented pattern shape with three vertex regions treated by arcs. The segmented pattern shape includes: a first pattern portion, which is spaced apart from the second pattern portion; a second pattern portion, which is spaced apart from the first pattern portion; and a third pattern portion, which is spaced apart from the first and second pattern portions and is disposed between the first and second pattern portions.

[0011] The aforementioned unit pattern structure may include the through-hole region formed in the aforementioned transmitting medium portion.

[0012] The receiving medium unit may include a second ultrasonic wave type conversion unit for converting transverse wave ultrasonic waves into longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves.

[0013] The aforementioned second ultrasonic type conversion unit may include a metamaterial structure with a unit pattern structure.

[0014] The aforementioned ultrasonic generator can generate transverse wave ultrasonic waves. In this case, at least one of the aforementioned transmitting medium and the aforementioned receiving medium can be made of a uniform dielectric material.

[0015] The transmitting medium can be a first wedge structure, forming a first curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the first region. The receiving medium can be a second wedge structure, forming a second curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the second region.

[0016] The aforementioned transmitting medium section and the aforementioned receiving medium section can be arranged in positions symmetrical to each other relative to the aforementioned piping, and can form an interior angle of approximately less than 180° with the aforementioned piping as the center and along the lower side direction of the aforementioned piping.

[0017] The aforementioned piping may include a first plastic material. At least one of the aforementioned transmitting medium section and the aforementioned receiving medium section may include a second plastic material.

[0018] For example, the second plastic material mentioned above may include polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

[0019] The ultrasonic generator described above may include a piezoelectric component for converting electrical signals into ultrasonic signals.

[0020] The ultrasonic receiver described above may include a piezoelectric component for converting ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. The effects of the invention

[0021] The measuring device of this invention has the following effect: by sending transverse wave ultrasonic waves and receiving deformed ultrasonic waves, the height of foreign objects in the piping can be measured in a non-invasive manner. Thus, the accumulation height of foreign objects can be easily measured without considering the type of foreign object, and the height of measurable foreign objects can be significantly reduced by increasing the resolution.

[0022] The measuring device of this invention can measure various foreign objects in piping without impacting or damaging the piping. Furthermore, since it can easily detect foreign objects at low heights, it can be effectively applied to the maintenance and management of piping and other equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the transmitting medium section to show the application of a measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in piping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a plan view illustrating the unit pattern structure of the ultrasonic type conversion section of a measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in piping, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is to illustrate simulation data showing the phenomenon of mode (type) conversion between longitudinal and transverse waves achieved by a unit pattern structure applied to an ultrasonic type conversion section according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 To illustrate an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A graph showing the measured proportion of longitudinal waves converted into transverse waves by a unit pattern structure.

[0028] Figures 6a to 6c This is a plan view illustrating various shape designs that can be applied to the unit pattern structure of the ultrasonic type conversion section with metamaterial structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping, used to illustrate a comparative example.

[0031] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) of a longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave when it is incident on a fluid (water) inside a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe.

[0032] Figure 10 To show Figure 9 A graph showing the relationship between the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) of ultrasound waves.

[0033] Figure 11 For illustrative purposes, refer to Figure 9 The diagram illustrates how to determine the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) within the piping, and how to determine the minimum height of the measurable foreign object.

[0034] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) of a transverse wave ultrasonic wave when it is incident on a fluid (water) inside a PVC pipe.

[0035] Figure 13 To show Figure 12 A graph showing the relationship between the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) of ultrasound waves.

[0036] Figure 14 For the purpose of illustration in reference Figure 12 The diagram illustrates how to determine the incident angle (θ1) and transmission angle (θ2) within the piping, and how to determine the minimum height of the measurable foreign object.

[0037] Figure 15 A diagram illustrating the incident angle (θ0) and transmission angle (θ1) of an example material of the transmitting medium section and piping, and the transverse wave propagating within it.

[0038] Figure 16 To show Figure 15 A graph showing the relationship between the incident angle (θ0) and transmission angle (θ1) of ultrasound waves.

[0039] Figure 17 To show as Figure 15 A graph showing the calculated energy transmittance (%) of ultrasound waves as the incident angle (θ0) changes.

[0040] Figure 18 For the purpose of illustrating having Figure 1 The diagram shows the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of the ultrasonic waves in the transmitting medium section, piping, and fluid of the measuring device in the embodiment of the structure shown.

[0041] Figure 19 To show as Figure 18 The graph shows the h / D value and θ2 of the ultrasonic receiver as a function of time, representing the changes in θ0.

[0042] Figure 20 This is a graph illustrating the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of ultrasonic waves in the transmitting medium section, piping, and fluid of the comparative example's measuring apparatus when the ultrasonic transmitting unit and ultrasonic receiving unit in the measuring apparatus of the comparative example are located in the same position according to the configuration of the embodiment.

[0043] Figure 21 To show as Figure 20 The graph shows the h / D value and θ2 of the ultrasonic receiver as a function of time, representing the changes in θ0.

[0044] Figure 22 For the purpose of illustrating having Figure 8 The graph shows the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of the ultrasonic waves in the transmitting medium section, piping, and fluid of the comparative example measuring device with the structure shown.

[0045] Figure 23 To show as Figure 22 The graph shows the h / D value and the curve of θ2 as θ0 changes.

[0046] Figure 24 This diagram illustrates the simulation results of the output signal of the measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention changing when a foreign object is present in the piping.

[0047] Figure 25This is a simulation result diagram showing the change in the output signal of the measuring device of the comparative example when there is a foreign object in the piping.

[0048] Figure 26 and Figure 27 The diagram illustrates an actual experimental setup and its results for determining how the output signal of the measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention changes when a foreign object is present in the piping.

[0049] Figure 28 and Figure 29 A diagram illustrating the actual experimental setup and results of a measuring device used to determine how the output signal of a comparative example changes when a foreign object is present in the piping. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention described below are provided only to clearly illustrate the present invention to those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the following embodiments may have various implementation methods.

[0052] In this specification, the terminology used is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the invention. In this specification, singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and / or "comprising" as used herein are used only to specify the presence of mentioned shapes, steps, numbers, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof, and do not preclude the presence or additional possibility of more than one other shape, step, number, operation, component, element, or combination thereof. Moreover, the term "connection" as used herein refers not only to a direct connection between components but also to an indirect connection between components involving other components.

[0053] Furthermore, in this specification, when it is stated that a component is "on" another component, it not only indicates that the component is in contact with the other component, but also includes the situation where other components are present between the two components. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes one or more combinations of the items listed in the corresponding list. Moreover, in this specification, terms indicating degree such as "about," "actual," etc., have a range or approximation of their numerical values ​​or degrees, taking into account inherent manufacturing and material tolerances, and are provided with accurate or absolute values ​​for the convenience of understanding this application, in order to prevent infringers from improperly using the disclosed content.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. To ensure clarity and ease of explanation, the dimensions or thicknesses of areas or components shown in the drawings may be enlarged. Throughout this specification, the same reference numerals denote the same structural elements.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in a piping according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an ultrasonic transmitting unit U10 disposed in a first region on the outer side of the piping P1 through which fluid F1 passes; and an ultrasonic receiving unit U20 disposed in a second region on the outer side of the piping P1. For ease of explanation, although only a portion of the piping with an arc cross-section is shown, it may actually have a cylindrical structure (pipe structure).

[0057] The ultrasonic transmitting unit U10 may include: an ultrasonic generator G10 for generating ultrasonic waves; and a transmitting medium A10 disposed between the ultrasonic generator G10 and the first region and transmitting the ultrasonic waves to the first region. The ultrasonic generator G10 may have the function of converting electrical signals into ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic generator G10 may be a transducer for transmitting ultrasonic waves or may include a transducer for transmitting ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic generator G10 may include a piezoelectric component for converting electrical signals into ultrasonic signals. As an example, the piezoelectric component includes lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and oxides or compounds of barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), etc., as piezoelectric materials between opposing electrodes. This may have a single-layer structure, or the electrodes may be alternately arranged to achieve multilayering, or a three-dimensional structure may be achieved through thin film or micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology.

[0058] The ultrasonic receiving unit U20 may include: an ultrasonic receiver R10; and a receiving medium B10, disposed between the ultrasonic receiver R10 and the second region. The receiving medium B10 transmits the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first region through the interior of pipe P1 (i.e., fluid F1) to the second region to the ultrasonic receiver R10. The ultrasonic receiver R10 receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the receiving medium B10. The ultrasonic receiver R10 may have the function of converting ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. The ultrasonic receiver R10 may be a receiving ultrasonic transducer or include a receiving ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic receiver R10 may include a piezoelectric component for converting ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. As an example, the piezoelectric component may be made of lead zirconate titanate and various other materials, and may have any shape.

[0059] The aforementioned measuring device may include a signal measuring unit D10 connected to an ultrasonic receiver R10. The signal measuring unit D10 can measure (detect) the ultrasonic signal received from the ultrasonic receiver R10 and its corresponding signal. For example, the signal measuring unit D10 may include an oscilloscope, or other measuring devices. Furthermore, the aforementioned measuring device may also include a signal generator S10 connected to an ultrasonic generator G10. The signal generator S10 can apply a predetermined electrical signal to the ultrasonic generator G10. The ultrasonic generator G10 can generate ultrasonic waves by applying the aforementioned electrical signal. For example, the signal generator S10 may include a predetermined function generator.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting medium A10 can transmit shear wave type ultrasonic waves to the first region of the piping P1. In one embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitting unit U10 can transmit shear wave type ultrasonic waves from the transmitting medium A10 to the first region. Furthermore, the receiving medium B10 can receive shear wave type ultrasonic waves from the second region of the piping P1. In this specification, the term "shear wave" may be referred to as "shear wave," "transverse wave," or simply shear wave.

[0061] In one embodiment, the ultrasonic generator G10 can generate longitudinal wave (LW) type ultrasonic waves. LW can be referred to as stretching waves. When the ultrasonic generator G10 generates LW type ultrasonic waves, the transmitting medium A10 may include a first ultrasonic wave type conversion unit M10 for converting the LW type ultrasonic waves into transverse wave type ultrasonic waves. The first ultrasonic wave type conversion unit M10 may be referred to as a "first ultrasonic wave mode conversion unit".

[0062] In one embodiment, the first ultrasonic mode conversion unit M10 may include a metamaterial structure having a unit pattern structure for converting ultrasonic modes (types). This metamaterial structure can be considered a metamaterial that guides ultrasonic mode conversion through a geometrically based material structure without electrical conversion. Furthermore, the first ultrasonic mode conversion unit M10 can be considered a meta-slab.

[0063] Furthermore, the receiving medium section B10 may include a second ultrasonic wave type conversion section M20 for converting transverse wave ultrasonic waves into longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves. The second ultrasonic wave type conversion section M20 may be referred to as a "second ultrasonic wave mode conversion section." The second ultrasonic wave type conversion section M20 may include a metamaterial structure having a unit pattern structure for converting ultrasonic wave modes (types). This metamaterial structure can be considered as a metamaterial substance. Furthermore, the second ultrasonic wave type conversion section M20 can be considered as a metamaterial slab. Since it eliminates the need for complex circuitry, the metamaterial slab serving as the second ultrasonic wave type conversion section M20 also has the advantage of guiding ultrasonic wave mode conversion through physical geometry.

[0064] The second ultrasonic wave type conversion unit M20 can convert transverse wave ultrasonic waves into longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves and transmit them to the ultrasonic receiver R10. Therefore, the ultrasonic receiver R10 can receive longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves.

[0065] On the other hand, the ultrasonic waves transmitted in the fluid F1 (e.g., liquid) within the piping P1 can be longitudinal waves. Therefore, after the transverse wave ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitting medium A10 to the first region, they become longitudinal waves within the fluid F1, and subsequently, when they are transmitted to the second region, they can become transverse waves again.

[0066] The transmitting medium section A10 may have a first wedge structure, forming a first curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the first region of the piping P1. For example, the transmitting medium section A10 may have a structure in which a portion of a rectangular column structure is cut off, and the first curved surface region may be formed on its cut surface. The first curved surface region may be arranged adjacent to (in contact with) the first region of the piping P1. The transmitting medium section A10 may be referred to as a "first wedge structure".

[0067] Similarly, the receiving medium section B10 may have a second wedge structure, forming a second curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the second region of the piping P1. For example, the receiving medium section B10 may have a structure in which a portion of a rectangular column structure is cut off, and the second curved surface region may be formed on its cut surface. The second curved surface region may be arranged adjacent to (in contact with) the second region of the piping P1. The receiving medium section B10 may be referred to as a "second wedge structure".

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting medium section A10 and the receiving medium section B10 can be configured at positions symmetrical to each other relative to the piping P1. In this case, the transmitting medium section A10 and the receiving medium section B10 can be configured at the same or similar heights with the piping P1 in between. Furthermore, the transmitting medium section A10 and the receiving medium section B10 can form an interior angle of approximately less than 180° with the piping P1 as the center, along the lower side direction of the piping P1. Therefore, the transmitting medium section A10 and the receiving medium section B10 can be configured adjacent to each other in the lower region of the piping P1.

[0069] Piping P1 may include or be made of a first plastic material. At least one of the transmitting medium section A10 and the receiving medium section B10 may include or be made of a second plastic material (e.g., a solid material). The second plastic material may be different from the first plastic material. For example, the first plastic material may be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or contain polyvinyl chloride. For example, the second plastic material may be polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or contain PEEK. However, the types of the first and second plastic materials are merely examples and are not limited thereto. Various materials may be used. Furthermore, depending on the circumstances, the first and second plastic materials may be the same material.

[0070] The metamaterials (metamaterial structures) described above refer to materials engineered to possess properties not found in nature. Metamaterials can be formed by periodically arranging engineered unit structures (unit pattern structures), and their properties depend on their structure. Using metamaterials, ultrasonic waves (elastic waves) propagating in an elastic medium can be converted from longitudinal (or transverse) waves to transverse (or longitudinal) waves with an energy efficiency of approximately 95% or more, or approximately 99% or more. By adjusting the anisotropy of the metamaterial's unit structure (unit pattern structure) through engineered design, ultrasonic waves incident on the metamaterial as longitudinal (or transverse) waves can be converted into transverse (or longitudinal) transmitted waves. Such metamaterials can be called "anisotropic metamaterials." Compared to ultrasound that propagates through multiple media via a transmission medium-piping-fluid or fluid-piping-receiving medium route, its propagation path can vary depending on the material properties of the medium and the size of each element. During the entire propagation process, the range of measurable foreign objects within the piping can vary according to Snell's law, etc.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting medium A10 can transmit transverse wave ultrasonic waves to the first region of the piping P1, and the receiving medium B10 can receive transverse wave ultrasonic waves from the second region of the piping P1, thereby expanding the range of foreign object heights that can be measured. That is, the height of measurable foreign objects inside the piping can be reduced by improving the resolution of foreign object detection. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height of foreign objects can be measured over a wide range simply by non-invasively installing sensors (i.e., U10, U20) on the outside of the piping, without considering the type of foreign object inside the piping. Moreover, since the metamaterial structure (metamaterial material) can be easily formed into a relatively thin thickness inside the medium (A10 or B10), it has the advantage of being easy to apply.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the transmitting medium section A10, which is applicable to a measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in piping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Reference Figure 2 The measuring device of this embodiment of the invention can be used in a transmitting medium section A10 that may have a wedge structure, forming a connection with the piping ( Figure 1 The first curved surface region C1 corresponds to the curved surface of the first region on the outer side of the P1). For example, the transmitting medium section A10 may have a structure in which a rectangular column structure is partially cut off, and the cut surface may have the aforementioned first curved surface region. The first curved surface region C1 may correspond to the piping ( Figure 1 The first region of P1 is arranged adjacent to each other (in contact). On the other hand, the groove H1 formed on the back side of the transmitting medium section A10 can be used to install an ultrasonic generator. Figure 1The G10 region.

[0074] The transmitting medium section A10 may include a first ultrasonic wave type conversion section M10 for converting longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves into transverse wave ultrasonic waves. The first ultrasonic wave type conversion section M10 may include a metamaterial structure (metamaterial substance) having a unit pattern structure n10 for converting ultrasonic wave modes (types). Multiple unit pattern structures n10 may be arranged according to a rule. For example, multiple unit pattern structures n10 may be arranged along a path parallel to the aforementioned ultrasonic generator (…). Figure 1 They are arranged in a row at a specified distance from each other in the direction of G10.

[0075] The unit pattern structure n10 can be a through hole (through hole region) of a predetermined shape formed in the transmitting medium section A10. The through hole can extend along the aforementioned piping ( Figure 1 The through-hole is formed in a direction parallel to the extension direction of P1). The through-hole can be easily formed by perforating the transmitting medium section A10 using methods such as wire cutting or laser cutting. The through-hole can be an empty area, but depending on the situation, it can also be filled with a material different from the transmitting medium section A10.

[0076] By utilizing this first ultrasonic wave type conversion unit M10, almost 100% mode conversion between longitudinal and transverse waves can be achieved. Furthermore, depending on the structure, shape, and size of the unit pattern structure n10 constituting the first ultrasonic wave type conversion unit M10, the target ultrasonic frequency range for conversion between longitudinal and transverse waves can be varied.

[0077] exist Figure 2 In this embodiment, the cross-section of the unit pattern structure n10 can be heart-shaped or a similar shape. In other words, the cross-section of the unit pattern structure n10 can be a deformed triangle with its three vertex regions rounded. Based on this shape design, longitudinal wave ultrasound can be converted into transverse wave ultrasound.

[0078] on the other hand, Figure 1 The receiving medium section B10 may have the same characteristics as the reference section. Figure 2 The transmission medium section A10 described herein has the same or similar structure and shape.

[0079] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the unit pattern structure n10 of the ultrasonic type conversion section, which is applicable to a measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in piping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Reference Figure 3 The length L of the unit cell relative to the aforementioned ultrasonic type conversion section x L yThe groove radius r; the lengths L1, L2, L3 of the three grooves; and the rotation angles θ1, θ2, θ3 of the three grooves can be optimized to achieve almost 100% mode switching between longitudinal and transverse waves within a specific frequency range.

[0081] Figure 4 This is to demonstrate the simulation results of the mode (type) conversion phenomenon between longitudinal and transverse waves achieved by the unit pattern structure n10 that can be applied to the ultrasonic type conversion unit of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Reference Figure 4 Longitudinal wave ultrasound can be converted into transverse wave ultrasound through a unit pattern structure n10. Conversely, transverse wave ultrasound can also be converted into longitudinal wave ultrasound through a unit pattern structure n10.

[0083] Figure 5 To illustrate an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A graph showing the simulation results of how the unit pattern structure n10 converts longitudinal waves into transverse waves.

[0084] Reference Figure 5 When the frequency of the ultrasound is approximately 200 kHz, it passes through the aforementioned unit pattern structure ( Figure 4 The ratio of longitudinal wave to transverse wave (n10) can be as high as approximately 97.5%, i.e., the mode conversion rate can be as high as approximately 97.5%. Therefore, almost 100% mode conversion can be achieved using ultrasound at a specific frequency. However, the specific frequency disclosed herein (200 kHz) is merely an example, and the target frequency range may vary depending on design conditions.

[0085] The shape of the aforementioned unit pattern structure n10 is not limited to Figures 2 to 4 It can produce a variety of changes.

[0086] Figures 6a to 6c This is a plan view illustrating various shape designs that can be applied to the unit pattern structure of the ultrasonic type conversion section with metamaterial structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Reference Figure 6a The cross-section of the unit pattern structure n11 can be a deformed triangle with its three vertex regions rounded. This unit pattern structure n11 is similar to... Figures 2 to 4 The unit pattern structure n10 shown is similar, that is, it can have a shape similar to a heart.

[0088] Reference Figure 6b The cross-section of the unit pattern structure n12 can be Z-shaped or similar.

[0089] Reference Figure 6cThe cross-section of the unit pattern structure n13 can be a segmented pattern shape, including a first pattern portion p1 and a second pattern portion p2 spaced apart from each other, and a third pattern portion p3 spaced apart from them. The first pattern portion p1 and the second pattern portion p2 can be short rods extending parallel to each other, and the third pattern portion p3 can be a rod extending in a direction perpendicular (or substantially perpendicular) to the first pattern portion p1 and the second pattern portion p2. The length of the third pattern portion p3 can be greater than the lengths of the first pattern portion p1 and the second pattern portion p2. One end of the third pattern portion p3 can be adjacent to one end of the first pattern portion p1, and the other end of the third pattern portion p3 can be adjacent to one end of the second pattern portion p2. This unit pattern structure n13 can have a %-shape or a similar shape.

[0090] remove Figures 6a to 6c In addition to the shape shown, the unit pattern structure of the ultrasonic type conversion unit can have a variety of deformable shapes.

[0091] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view illustrating a measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in piping, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] Reference Figure 7 The measuring device for measuring the height of foreign objects in a piping in this embodiment may include: an ultrasonic transmitting unit U11, disposed in a first region on the outer side of the piping P1 through which fluid F1 passes; and an ultrasonic receiving unit U21, disposed in a second region on the outer side of the piping P1.

[0093] The ultrasonic transmitting unit U11 may include: an ultrasonic generator G11 for generating ultrasonic waves; and a transmitting medium A11 disposed between the ultrasonic generator G11 and the first region and transmitting the ultrasonic waves to the first region. The ultrasonic generator G11 can convert electrical signals into ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic generator G11 may be a transmitting ultrasonic transducer or may include a transmitting ultrasonic transducer.

[0094] The ultrasonic receiving unit U21 may include: an ultrasonic receiver R11; and a receiving medium B11 disposed between the ultrasonic receiver R11 and the second region. The receiving medium B11 transmits the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first region through the interior of pipe P1 (i.e., fluid F1) to the second region to the ultrasonic receiver R11. The ultrasonic receiver R11 receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the receiving medium B11. The ultrasonic receiver R11 may have the function of converting ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. The ultrasonic receiver R11 may be a receiving ultrasonic transducer or include a receiving ultrasonic transducer.

[0095] The aforementioned measuring device may include a signal measuring device D11 connected to an ultrasonic receiver R11. The signal measuring device D11 can measure (detect) the ultrasonic signal received from the ultrasonic receiver R11 and the corresponding signal. Furthermore, the aforementioned measuring device may also include a signal generator S11 connected to an ultrasonic generator G11. The signal generator S11 can apply a predetermined electrical signal to the ultrasonic generator G11.

[0096] The transmitting medium A11 can transmit transverse wave ultrasonic waves to the first region of the piping P1. In other words, the ultrasonic transmitting unit U11 enables transverse wave ultrasonic waves to be transmitted from the transmitting medium A11 to the first region. Furthermore, the receiving medium B11 can receive transverse wave ultrasonic waves from the second region of the piping P1. On the other hand, the ultrasonic waves transmitted in the fluid F1 (e.g., liquid) within the piping P1 can be longitudinal wave type. Therefore, after the transverse wave ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitting medium A1 to the first region, they become longitudinal wave type within the fluid F1, and subsequently, when transmitted to the second region, they can become transverse wave type again.

[0097] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic generator G11 can generate transverse wave ultrasonic waves. In one embodiment, the ultrasonic generator G11 can be a transverse wave vibration ultrasonic generator. In this case, at least one of the transmitting medium section A11 and the receiving medium section B11 can be made of a uniform medium material, eliminating the need for an "ultrasonic wave type conversion section". The transmitting medium section A11 may not include a reference... Figure 1 The first ultrasonic type conversion unit M10 and the receiving medium unit B11 described herein may not include a reference. Figure 1 The second ultrasonic type conversion unit M200 is described. In Figure 7 Except for the differences in that the ultrasonic generator G11 generates transverse wave ultrasonic waves and the transmitting medium A11 and receiving medium B11 do not include ultrasonic wave type conversion units, the remaining structure is the same as that of the ultrasonic generator G11. Figure 1 The structures are the same or similar.

[0098] If Figure 1 Implementation examples and Figure 7 Compared to the embodiments, then compared to using Figure 7 The ultrasonic generator G11 generates transverse waves. Figure 1 The G10 ultrasonic generator, which generates longitudinal waves, has advantages in efficiency and price. Therefore, compared to... Figure 7 The structure shown, Figure 1 The structure of the illustrated embodiment may have advantages in terms of efficiency and cost (expenses).

[0099] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping, used to illustrate a comparative example.

[0100] Reference Figure 8 The comparative example measuring apparatus may include: an ultrasonic transmitting unit U15 disposed in a first region on the outer side of a pipe P1 through which fluid F1 passes; and an ultrasonic receiving unit U25 disposed in a second region on the outer side of the pipe P1. The ultrasonic transmitting unit U15 may include: an ultrasonic generator G15 for generating ultrasonic waves; and a transmitting medium A15 disposed between the ultrasonic generator G15 and the first region and transmitting the ultrasonic waves to the first region. The ultrasonic receiving unit U25 may include: an ultrasonic receiver R15; and a receiving medium B15 disposed between the ultrasonic receiver R15 and the second region. The receiving medium B15 can transmit the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first region through the interior of the pipe P1 (i.e., fluid F1) to the second region to the ultrasonic receiver R15. The ultrasonic receiver R15 can receive the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the receiving medium B15.

[0101] In the comparative example described above, the ultrasonic generator G15 generates longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves, which are transmitted from the transmitting medium A15 to the first region and from the second region to the receiving medium B15. Therefore, the measuring apparatus of the comparative example can be considered as a device that utilizes only longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves. In this case, the transmitting medium A15 and the receiving medium B15 can form an interior angle of approximately less than 180° centered on the pipe P1 and along the upper side of the pipe P1. This configuration of the transmitting medium A15 and the receiving medium B15 may differ from the reference configuration. Figure 1 and Figure 7 The configuration of the transmitting medium sections A10 and A11 and the receiving medium sections B10 and B11 is described.

[0102] If used Figure 8 The measuring device of the comparative example shown is ineffective at detecting low-height foreign objects present in piping P1. In other words, when using the measuring device of the comparative example, there is a drawback that the detection range is limited because the lowest detectable height of foreign objects is relatively high.

[0103] According to the comparative example above, when longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitting medium section A15 to the first region, the difference in sound velocity between the longitudinal waves in the solid (i.e., the piping and the transmitting medium section) and the liquid (i.e., the fluid in the piping) is very large. Therefore, the minimum height of measurable foreign objects can be significantly increased due to the difference in sound velocity. Thus, when using the measuring device of the comparative example above, not only can low-height foreign objects be not detected, but maintenance and management can also become difficult.

[0104] However, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when a transverse wave ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the transmitting medium sections A10 and A11 to the first region, since the sound speed of a transverse wave is much slower than that of a longitudinal wave, the difference in sound speed between the solid (i.e., the piping and the transmitting medium section) and the liquid (i.e., the fluid in the piping) can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, ultrasonic waves can be transmitted (propagated) even at very low positions within the piping. As a result, the effect of significantly reducing the minimum height of measurable foreign objects can be achieved.

[0105] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 of a longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave incident on a fluid (water) inside a PVC pipe.

[0106] Reference Figure 9 When longitudinal wave ultrasound is incident on a fluid (water) within a PVC pipe, the ultrasound propagates as a longitudinal wave even within the fluid (water). In this case, the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 of the ultrasound satisfy Snell's law as shown in Equation 1 below.

[0107] Mathematical Formula 1

[0108] Among them, C L1 C represents the longitudinal wave velocity in PVC piping. L2 This represents the longitudinal wave velocity in a fluid (water). C L1 2400 m / s, C L2 The value is 1500 m / s. If this value is substituted into the above mathematical formula 1 and the relationship between the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 is expressed as a curve, then the following can be formed: Figure 10 The graph shown.

[0109] Figure 10 To show Figure 9 A graph showing the relationship between the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 of ultrasound.

[0110] Reference Figure 10 If the incident angle θ1 of the ultrasonic wave changes from 0° to 90°, the transmission angle θ2 cannot exceed 38.9°.

[0111] Figure 11 For the purpose of illustration in reference Figure 9 The diagram illustrates how to determine the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 within the piping, and how to determine the minimum height of the measurable foreign object.

[0112] Reference Figure 11If a line segment connecting the incident point of the ultrasonic wave and the tangent of the circle at the center of the piping (i.e., the center of the circle in the attached diagram) is shown, the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 are as shown in the figure. In this case, the ultrasonic wave propagation path in the fluid within the piping can be designed laterally. This is because, in the case of uneven (i.e., non-uniform) sedimentation of foreign matter within the piping, the height of the foreign matter can only be accurately measured if the ultrasonic wave propagation path in the fluid is laterally designed. Therefore, it is necessary to design the ultrasonic wave propagation path in the fluid laterally.

[0113] exist Figure 11 In this case, the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 satisfy Snell's law as shown in Equation 1 above. Under these conditions, the minimum measurable height h of the foreign object satisfies Equation 2 below.

[0114] Mathematical formula 2

[0115] As mentioned above, since the maximum transmission angle θ2 cannot exceed 38.9°, there is also a limitation on the minimum measurable height h of foreign objects in Equation 2. If calculated, h = 0.19D. That is, foreign objects with a height less than 0.19D cannot be measured.

[0116] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 of a transverse wave ultrasonic wave incident on a fluid (water) inside a PVC pipe.

[0117] Reference Figure 12 When a transverse wave ultrasonic wave is incident on a fluid (water) within a PVC pipe, the ultrasonic wave propagating within the fluid (water) is a longitudinal wave. In water, it can only propagate as a longitudinal wave. In this case, the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 of the ultrasonic wave satisfy Snell's law as shown in Equation 3.

[0118] Mathematical Formula 3

[0119] Among them, C S1 C represents the transverse wave velocity in PVC piping. L2 This represents the longitudinal wave velocity in a fluid (water). C S1 The speed is 1060 m / s, C L2 The value is 1500 m / s. If this value is substituted into the above mathematical formula 3 and the relationship between the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 is expressed as a curve, then the following can be formed: Figure 13 The graph shown.

[0120] Figure 13 To show Figure 12 A graph showing the relationship between the incident angle θ1 and the transmission angle θ2 of ultrasound.

[0121] Reference Figure 13 If the incident angle θ1 of the ultrasonic wave changes from 0° to 45°, then the transmission angle θ2 can change from 0° to 90°. That is, all transmission angles can be achieved.

[0122] Figure 14 For the purpose of illustration in reference Figure 12 The diagram illustrates how to determine the incident angle θ1 and transmission angle θ2 within the piping, and how to determine the minimum height of the measurable foreign object.

[0123] Reference Figure 14 Since the incident angle θ2 in the piping can be any angle within the range of 0° to 90°, theoretically, foreign objects of any height can be measured. The minimum measurable height h of the foreign object satisfies the following mathematical formula 4.

[0124] Mathematical expression 4

[0125] exist Figure 12 In this case, since the value of θ2 can be in the range of 0° to 90°, in the above mathematical formula 4, sin(θ2) can be a value from 0 to 1, and the value of h can be in the range of 0 to D / 2. Therefore, in practice, according to the embodiments of the present invention, foreign objects of any height can be measured.

[0126] Figure 12 The situation described above is equivalent to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned transmitting medium can transmit transverse wave ultrasonic waves to a first region of the piping and can incident longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves into the fluid within the piping. Therefore, theoretically, this embodiment can measure foreign objects at any height.

[0127] Additionally, refer again Figure 13 When the incident angle θ1 is greater than 45°, it will not be able to penetrate the water. Therefore, the incident angle θ1 can be set within the range of 0° to 45°.

[0128] Figure 15 A diagram illustrating an example material of the transmitting medium section and piping, and the incident angle θ0 and transmission angle θ1 of the transverse wave propagating within it.

[0129] Reference Figure 15 As a non-limiting example, the transmitting medium may be made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and the piping may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), but the two are not limited thereto. The ultrasonic waves propagating in the transmitting medium and piping may be transverse waves, in which case the incident angle θ0 and the transmission angle θ1 satisfy Snell's law as shown in Equation 5.

[0130] Mathematical formula 5

[0131] In mathematical formula 5, C S0 C represents the transverse wave velocity in the transmitting medium section (PEEK). S1 This indicates the transverse wave velocity in PVC piping. C S0 The speed is 1070 m / s, C S1 The value is 1060 m / s. If this value is substituted into mathematical formula 5 and the relationship between the incident angle θ0 and the transmission angle θ1 is expressed as a curve, then the following can be formed: Figure 16 The graph shown.

[0132] Figure 16 To show Figure 15 A curve showing the relationship between the incident angle θ0 and the transmission angle θ1 of ultrasound.

[0133] Reference Figure 16 When a transverse wave is incident from the transmitting medium (PEEK) onto the PVC piping, the incident angle θ0 and the transmission angle θ1 can be almost the same. Therefore, in this case, the calculation and design of the ultrasonic path becomes very convenient. Furthermore, as... Figure 15 As shown, the density ρ0 of PEEK and the density ρ1 of PVC pipes can be very similar, and other physical properties can also be similar.

[0134] Figure 17 To show as Figure 15 A graph showing the calculated energy transmittance (%) of ultrasound waves as the incident angle θ0 changes.

[0135] Reference Figure 17 Over a wide range of incident angles θ0, the energy transmittance can be approximately 100%. This means that when a shear wave is incident, approximately 100% is transmitted at the PEEK / PVC interface.

[0136] As a reference Figure 16 and Figure 17 The description states that if a transmitting medium made of PEEK is used, the incident angle θ0 and the transmission angle θ1 are almost the same, which provides the advantage of achieving 100% energy transmittance over a wider range of incident angles θ0.

[0137] Figure 18 For the purpose of illustrating having Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of the ultrasonic waves in the transmitting medium section A10, piping P1, and fluid F1 of the measuring device in the embodiment shown. Here, θ0 represents the incident angle from the transmitting medium section A10 towards the piping P1, and θ... 11 θ represents the transmission angle in pipe P1.12 θ1 represents the incident angle from pipe P1 toward fluid F1, and θ2 represents the transmission angle in fluid F1. In this case, the transverse wave is incident on pipe P1 and propagates as a longitudinal wave within fluid F1.

[0138] exist Figure 18 In the middle, θ0 and θ 11 Relationship expression, θ 11 With θ 12 Relationship expression, θ 12 The relationship between θ2 and the minimum measurable height h of the foreign object can be expressed by the following mathematical formula 6. Where t represents the thickness of pipe P1, and D represents the outer diameter of pipe P1.

[0139] Mathematical formula 6

[0140] Figure 19 To show as Figure 18 The graph shows the h / D value and θ2 of the variation of θ0, and the output signal (i.e., output voltage) received by the ultrasonic receiver R10. In this case, t / D is 0.03.

[0141] Reference Figure 19 When the incident angle is 31.8°, the lowest measurable height h of the foreign object is 0.1D, and at this point, the transmission angle θ2 in the fluid (water) is 51.8°. Furthermore, it can be confirmed that the ultrasonic receiver ( Figure 18 The R10) detects the received signal.

[0142] Figure 20 This diagram illustrates the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of ultrasound waves in the transmitting medium section A15', piping P1, and fluid F1 of the comparative example's measuring apparatus when the ultrasonic transmitting unit U15' and ultrasonic receiving unit U25' are located in the same position according to the configuration of the embodiment. Wherein, θ0 represents the incident angle from the transmitting medium section A15' towards the piping P1, and θ... 11 θ represents the transmission angle in pipe P1. 12 θ1 represents the incident angle from pipe P1 towards fluid F1, and θ2 represents the transmission angle in fluid F1. In this case, longitudinal waves are incident on pipe P1 and also propagate as longitudinal waves within fluid F1. Unspecified reference numeral R15' indicates the ultrasonic receiver, and B15' indicates the receiving medium.

[0143] exist Figure 20 In the middle, θ0 and θ 11 Relationship expression, θ 11 With θ 12 Relationship expression, θ 12 The relationship between θ2 and the minimum measurable height h of the foreign object can be expressed by the following mathematical formula 7. Where t represents the thickness of pipe P1, and D represents the outer diameter of pipe P1.

[0144] Mathematical Formula 7

[0145] Figure 21 To show as Figure 20 The graph shows the h / D value and θ2 of the variation of θ0, and the output signal (i.e., output voltage) received by the ultrasonic receiver R15'. In this case, t / D is 0.03.

[0146] Reference Figure 21 ,as Figure 19 In this case, when the incident angle is 31.8°, the lowest measurable height h of the foreign object is approximately 0.31D, and at this point, the transmission angle θ2 in the fluid (water) is 18.8°. Compared to... Figure 19 As a result, due to θ2 being more pronounced than in the example ( Figure 18 The situation is much smaller, therefore, ultrasound cannot propagate laterally within the fluid, and, as... Figure 20 As shown, it travels along the upper direction. Therefore, in this situation, it becomes impossible to determine the height of the foreign object. So, as... Figure 21 As shown in the third curve, when θ2 is 18.8°, the ultrasonic receiver can be confirmed. Figure 20 The R15' of the signal could not be detected.

[0147] Therefore, in the comparative example, it is not possible to configure the ultrasonic transmitting unit U15' and the ultrasonic receiving unit U25' in the same positions as in the embodiment; they need to be configured as described above. Figure 8 The location shown.

[0148] Figure 22 For the purpose of illustrating having Figure 8 The graph shows the relationship between the incident angle and transmission angle of the ultrasonic waves in the transmitting medium section A15, piping P1, and fluid F1 of the comparative example measuring device. Here, θ0 represents the incident angle from the transmitting medium section A15 towards the piping P1, and θ... 11 θ represents the transmission angle in pipe P1. 12θ1 represents the incident angle from pipe P1 toward fluid F1, and θ2 represents the transmission angle in fluid F1. In this case, the longitudinal wave is incident on pipe P1 and also propagates as a longitudinal wave in fluid F1.

[0149] Figure 23 To show as Figure 22 The graph shows the h / D value and θ2 curves for the change of θ0. In this case, t / D is 0.03.

[0150] Reference Figure 23 When the incident angle θ0 is 50°, the lowest measurable height h of the foreign object is 0.25D. At this time, the transmission angle θ2 in the fluid (water) is 27.9°. Under these conditions, the ultrasound can be measured because it travels laterally within the fluid; however, the lowest measurable height h becomes quite high. Theoretically, as a reference... Figure 11 Although the description states that the measurable height range is 0.19D, in reality, it is difficult to measure foreign objects at a height of 0.19D due to problems such as low transmittance and difficulty in setting up the device.

[0151] Figure 24 This diagram illustrates the simulation results of the output signal change of the measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention when a foreign object is present in the piping. The measuring device of the above embodiment may have... Figure 18 The structure shown is illustrated. In this case, illustratively, the incident angle θ0 is 31.8°, the pipe thickness t is 5 mm, the pipe outer diameter D is 200 mm, and the calculated minimum measurable foreign object height h is 0.1D, i.e., 20 mm. Figure 24 In the middle, h S Indicates the actual height of the foreign object.

[0152] Reference Figure 24 In the absence of foreign objects (i.e., h) S =0cm), a normal output signal can be confirmed. When the height of the foreign object is 1cm (i.e., h), the signal is normal. S =1cm), since the minimum measurable height h of the foreign object is not reached, it can be known that the signal amplitude does not change significantly. When the height of the foreign object is greater than the minimum measurable height h by 3cm (i.e., h = 1cm), the signal amplitude does not change significantly. S =3cm), the signal is almost undetectable due to a significant decrease in the measured signal. Therefore, when there is a foreign object at a minimum measurable height h, its presence can be determined by the change in the signal.

[0153] Figure 25 A simulation result diagram is shown to illustrate the change in the output signal of the measuring device of the comparative example when a foreign object is present in the piping. The measuring device of the comparative example described above has... Figure 22The structure shown. In this case, the incident angle θ0 is 50°, the pipe thickness t is 5mm, the pipe outer diameter (D) is 200mm, and the calculated minimum measurable foreign object height h is 0.25D, i.e., 50mm. Figure 25 In the middle, h S Indicates the actual height of the foreign object.

[0154] Reference Figure 25 In the absence of foreign objects (i.e., h) S =0cm), a normal output signal can be confirmed. When the height of the foreign object is 4cm (i.e., h), the signal is normal. S =4cm), since the minimum measurable height h of the foreign object is not reached, it can be concluded that the signal amplitude does not change significantly. When the height of the foreign object is greater than the minimum measurable height h and reaches 6cm (i.e., h = 4cm), the signal amplitude does not change significantly. S =6cm), it can be confirmed that the measurement signal is significantly weakened. However, the measuring device of the above comparative example has the disadvantage of being unable to detect foreign objects at low heights because the lowest measurable height h is relatively high.

[0155] Figure 26 and Figure 27 A diagram illustrating an actual experimental setup and results for determining how the output signal of the measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention changes in the presence of foreign matter in piping. The measuring device of the above embodiment has... Figure 18 The structure shown. In this case, the incident angle θ0 is 30°, the pipe thickness t is 6.5 mm, the pipe outer diameter D is 216 mm, and the calculated minimum measurable foreign object height h is 0.12D, i.e., 25 mm. Figure 27 In the middle, h S Indicates the actual height of the foreign object.

[0156] Reference Figure 27 When the height of the foreign object is greater than the minimum measurable height h by 3.5 cm and 4.5 cm (i.e., h... S =3.5cm and h S =4.5cm), and the output signal is confirmed to be significantly weakened. Therefore, when there is a foreign object with a minimum measurable height h above the measured height, the presence of the foreign object can be determined by the change in signal.

[0157] Figure 28 and Figure 29 A diagram illustrating the actual experimental setup and results used to determine how the output signal of a measuring device in a comparative example changes when a foreign object is present in the piping. The measuring device in the comparative example described above has... Figure 22 The structure shown. In this case, the incident angle θ0 is 50°, the pipe thickness t is 6.5 mm, the pipe outer diameter D is 216 mm, and the calculated minimum measurable foreign object height h is 0.25D, i.e., 55 mm. Figure 29 In the middle, h S Indicates the actual height of the foreign object.

[0158] Reference Figure 29 When the height of the foreign object is greater than the minimum measurable height h by 6.5 cm and 7.5 cm (i.e., h... S =6.5cm and h S =7.5cm), it can be confirmed that the output signal is significantly weakened. However, the measuring device of the above comparative example has the disadvantage of being unable to detect foreign objects at low heights because the lowest measurable height h is relatively high.

[0159] According to the embodiments of the present invention described above, the measuring device of the present invention can measure the height of foreign objects in piping in a non-invasive manner, easily measuring the height of foreign objects without considering the type of foreign object, and significantly reducing the height of measurable foreign objects. The measuring device of the embodiments of the present invention can measure various types of foreign objects in piping without impacting or damaging the piping. Furthermore, because it can easily detect low-height foreign objects, it can be effectively applied to the maintenance and management of piping and equipment including it. Moreover, the structure and method of the embodiments can be applied not only to piping but also to the detection of foreign objects inside other structures similar to piping.

[0160] This specification discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention. Although specific terminology is used, it is only for illustrating the technical content of the invention and has the general meaning assigned to it for understanding the content of the invention, and does not limit the scope of the invention. It is obvious that, in addition to the embodiments disclosed herein, those skilled in the art can implement various modifications based on the technical concept of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can refer to the following without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. Figures 1 to 29 The illustrated embodiments provide various substitutions, modifications, and variations for the measuring device used to determine the height of foreign objects in piping. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but should be defined based on the technical concept described in the claims. Industrial availability

[0161] The embodiments of the present invention can be used to determine the accumulation height of foreign objects in piping or other structures.

Claims

1. A measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping, characterized in that, include: An ultrasonic transmitting unit is disposed in a first region on the outer side of a pipe through which fluid passes, and includes an ultrasonic generator and a transmitting medium. The ultrasonic generator is used to generate ultrasonic waves, and the transmitting medium is disposed between the ultrasonic generator and the first region and transmits the ultrasonic waves to the first region. An ultrasonic receiving unit, disposed in a second region on the outer side of the aforementioned conduit, includes an ultrasonic receiver and a receiving medium. The receiving medium is disposed between the ultrasonic receiver and the second region. The receiving medium transmits the ultrasonic waves that travel from the first region through the interior of the conduit to the second region to the ultrasonic receiver. The ultrasonic receiver receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the receiving medium. A signal measuring device, connected to the aforementioned ultrasonic receiver, is used to measure the signal of the ultrasonic wave received from the ultrasonic receiver and the corresponding signal. The transmitting medium unit transmits transverse wave ultrasonic waves to the first region, and the receiving medium unit receives transverse wave ultrasonic waves from the second region. Among them, transverse wave ultrasonic waves are incident on the above-mentioned piping and propagate in the fluid inside the above-mentioned piping in the form of longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves. The propagation path of the longitudinal wave type ultrasound wave propagating in the fluid is set to pass from the lowest point of the above-mentioned piping through a predetermined reference measurement height h. Wherein, the predetermined reference measurement height h is the minimum detectable foreign object height, which is lower than the minimum detectable height that can be obtained when longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves are incident on the above-mentioned piping, where D is the outer diameter of the above-mentioned piping; The predetermined reference measurement height h is calculated based on the transmission angle θ2 of the longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave in the fluid, the thickness t of the piping, and the outer diameter D of the piping. The transmission angle θ2 is determined under the condition that the transverse wave ultrasonic wave is incident on the aforementioned piping and propagates in the fluid as a longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave; and The signal measuring device is configured to determine whether the actual height hS of the foreign object is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference measurement height h based on the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic wave.

2. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned ultrasonic generator produces longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves. The aforementioned transmitting medium section includes a first ultrasonic wave type conversion section for converting the longitudinal wave type ultrasonic wave into a transverse wave type ultrasonic wave.

3. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aforementioned first ultrasonic type conversion unit includes a metamaterial structure with a unit pattern structure.

4. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-section of the aforementioned unit pattern structure is a deformed triangle, Z-shape, or segmented pattern shape with three vertex regions rounded. The above-mentioned segmented pattern shapes include: The first pattern section is arranged separately from the second pattern section; The second patterned portion is arranged spaced apart from the first patterned portion; and The third pattern section is disposed between the first pattern section and the second pattern section, separated from the first pattern section and the second pattern section.

5. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 3, characterized in that, The aforementioned unit pattern structure includes a through-hole region formed in the aforementioned transmitting medium portion.

6. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aforementioned receiving medium section includes a second ultrasonic wave type conversion section for converting transverse wave ultrasonic waves into longitudinal wave ultrasonic waves.

7. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aforementioned second ultrasonic type conversion unit includes a metamaterial structure with a unit pattern structure.

8. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned predetermined reference measurement height h corresponds to 0.1D.

9. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least one of the aforementioned transmitting medium section and the aforementioned receiving medium section is made of a uniform medium material.

10. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned transmitting medium section is a first wedge structure, forming a first curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the aforementioned first region. The aforementioned receiving medium section is a second wedge structure, forming a second curved surface region corresponding to the curved surface of the aforementioned second region.

11. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The aforementioned transmitting medium section and the aforementioned receiving medium section are arranged in positions symmetrical to each other relative to the aforementioned piping, forming an interior angle of less than 180° with the aforementioned piping as the center and along the lower side direction of the aforementioned piping.

12. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned piping includes a first plastic material, At least one of the aforementioned transmitting medium and receiving medium includes a second plastic material.

13. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second plastic material mentioned above includes polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

14. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned ultrasonic generator includes a piezoelectric component for converting electrical signals into ultrasonic signals.

15. The measuring device for determining the height of foreign objects in piping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned ultrasonic receiver includes a piezoelectric component for converting ultrasonic signals into electrical signals.

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