TBM jamming high risk early warning method

Abstract

This application provides a high-risk early warning method for TBM jamming, including establishing a qualitative advanced yellow warning for high-risk TBM jamming based on adverse geological conditions characterized by fractured, soft, and water-rich geological formations; establishing quantitative primary and secondary discrimination threshold indicators by using the ratio of thrust F to the design maximum thrust Fmax and the ratio of torque T to the rated torque Trat during TBM tunneling as early warning thresholds, and proposing the correspondence between each threshold warning; issuing a quantitative real-time red warning for high-risk TBM jamming based on the correspondence between each threshold warning; after the qualitative advanced yellow warning is issued, developing advanced treatment plans based on the type and characteristics of adverse geological conditions; after the quantitative real-time red warning is issued, stopping the machine and carrying out advanced engineering treatment according to the proposed plan before resuming tunneling. This method can largely avoid TBM jamming accidents and effectively improve TBM tunneling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a high-risk early warning method for TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) jacks. Background Technology

[0002] Full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are currently the main construction method for deep-buried long tunnels, offering advantages such as economy, speed, and safety under suitable geological conditions. However, TBMs are extremely unsuitable for fractured, soft, and water-rich strata, often resulting in jamming accidents. The recovery process after a TBM jams can take anywhere from several days to months or even years, causing severe project delays and significant economic losses. Therefore, identifying and issuing early warnings of high-risk TBM jamming conditions based on adverse geological conditions and key TBM tunneling parameters, and taking timely engineering measures to minimize the risk of TBM jamming accidents, is of great significance for improving TBM tunneling efficiency and reducing project losses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a high-risk early warning method for TBM card readers, which aims to solve the problem of inaccurate judgment and early warning in existing TBM card readers.

[0004] The technical solution of this application is:

[0005] A high-risk early warning method for TBM card machines includes the following steps:

[0006] S1, based on preliminary exploration, construction period analysis, and advanced geological forecasting results, establishes a qualitative advanced yellow warning for high-risk TBM jamming based on adverse geological conditions. The high-risk analysis and prediction of TBM jamming in adverse geological conditions proposes a "one-category, four-factor" method: "one-category" refers to a special Class V surrounding rock type, characterized by fracture, softness, and water abundance; "four-factor" refers to four types of adverse geological conditions, including: fractured fracture zones, strong karst zones, soft rock, expansive rock, sandy, weathered, and altered soft rock; simultaneously, the main disaster modes causing TBM jamming due to adverse geological conditions are surrounding rock collapse, surrounding rock deformation, and water (mud) inrush.

[0007] Based on the preliminary geological survey data, the analysis of excavation during the construction period, and the results of advanced geological forecasting (advance drilling and geophysical exploration), when the above-mentioned adverse geological conditions are identified ahead of the tunneling, a qualitative advanced yellow warning should be issued in a timely manner, and the changes in the surrounding rock properties and tunneling parameters should be closely monitored.

[0008] S2 establishes quantitative primary and secondary discrimination threshold indicators based on the ratio of thrust F to the design maximum thrust Fmax and the ratio of torque T to rated torque Trat during the TBM tunneling process as early warning thresholds. Based on practice, it proposes the corresponding relationship of each threshold warning and issues a quantitative real-time red warning for high risk of TBM jamming through the corresponding relationship of each threshold warning.

[0009] As a type of mechanical equipment, TBM has theoretically designed values ​​for both thrust and torque. When the thrust or torque during the tunneling process reaches a certain proportion of the design value, the TBM will be in a high-risk state of jamming. Based on this principle, the ratio of thrust F to the maximum design thrust Fmax and the ratio of torque T to the rated torque Trat during the tunneling process are proposed as early warning thresholds. Based on practice, the corresponding relationship of the threshold warning is proposed. When the corresponding relationship is met, the probability of TBM jamming is extremely high.

[0010] The following is a correlation (or trend characteristic) between the primary and secondary discriminant threshold indicators based on different card types in TBM:

[0011] Cutter head jamming: The trend of cutter head jamming is characterized by torque T exceeding the set normal value and continuously increasing, while thrust F is less than the set normal value and gradually decreasing. The main discrimination threshold is T / Trat≥0.7 and the auxiliary discrimination threshold is F / Fmax<0.4.

[0012] Shield jamming: The trend of shield jamming is characterized by thrust F exceeding the set normal value and continuously increasing, while torque T is less than the set normal value and gradually decreasing, and the main discrimination threshold index F / Fmax≥0.7 and the auxiliary discrimination threshold index T / Trat<0.04;

[0013] Both the cutterhead and shield are stuck: The trend of both the cutterhead and shield being stuck is characterized by the thrust F and torque T both exceeding the set normal values ​​and continuously increasing, and the main discrimination threshold indicators T / Trat≥0.7 and F / Fmax≥0.7;

[0014] S3: Response strategy: After a qualitative yellow warning is issued, advance treatment plans should be developed in advance based on the adverse geological types and characteristics, and close attention should be paid to the adverse changes in the surrounding rock properties and the main tunneling parameters of the TBM (thrust F, torque T). After a quantitative real-time red warning is issued, the machine should be stopped and advanced engineering treatment should be carried out according to the proposed plan. Tunneling should only resume after the proposed treatment objectives have been achieved.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0016] This application provides a high-risk early warning method for TBM jamming. Based on the early warning system of adverse geological conditions, it establishes threshold criteria for the ratio of unfavorable changes in key tunneling parameters (thrust and torque) to corresponding design conditions. This method, grounded in geological factors and tunneling parameters, moves from qualitative to quantitative analysis and from proactive to real-time assessment, demonstrating strong theoretical foundations and high accuracy. Furthermore, based on fundamental mechanical principles, it establishes early warning thresholds for the ratio of thrust F to the design maximum thrust Fmax and the ratio of torque T to the rated torque Trat during tunneling. It is not limited to a single TBM and is applicable to TBM construction projects of varying scales and types. Moreover, for a specific TBM project, this method can establish specific thrust F and torque T values ​​corresponding to the early warning thresholds based on the early identification of adverse geological conditions, enabling real-time identification with simple and quick operation. Finally, this method effectively avoids TBM jamming accidents or reduces the severity of jamming, and also significantly improves TBM tunneling efficiency, which is of great significance in minimizing project losses. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-risk early warning method for TBM card machines provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this application, but not all embodiments.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] Example:

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 This application provides a high-risk early warning method for TBM card machines, including the following steps:

[0023] S1, TBM tunneling, obtaining information on surrounding rock characteristics. This information is obtained through methods including preliminary geological survey data, excavation analysis during construction, and advanced geological forecasting results (advance drilling and geophysical exploration). The analysis focuses on whether adverse geological conditions exist ahead of the tunnel face. The key points of adverse geological analysis adopt the "one-category, four-factor method": "One category" refers to a special Class V surrounding rock, characterized by fracture, softness, and water abundance; "Four factors" refer to four types of adverse geological conditions, including: a) fractured fracture zone, b) strong karst zone, c) soft rock and expansive rock, and d) sandy, weathered, and altered soft rock. Among these, the main hazards caused by adverse geological conditions leading to machine jamming are surrounding rock collapse, surrounding rock deformation, and water (mud) inrush.

[0024] S2. When the above-mentioned adverse geological conditions are analyzed, it indicates that there is a high risk of TBM jamming in the tunnel section ahead of the tunnel. A qualitative yellow warning is issued. An advanced engineering treatment plan is studied in combination with the adverse geological types and characteristics. The adverse changes in the properties of the surrounding rock and the main tunneling parameters of the TBM (thrust F, torque T) are closely monitored.

[0025] S3. Obtain the tunneling parameters of the TBM and perform high-risk early warning threshold analysis and judgment: The main tunneling parameters of the TBM obtained include thrust F (KN), design maximum thrust Fmax (31526KN in this embodiment), torque T (KN·m), and rated torque Trat (15719KN·m in this embodiment).

[0026] According to this embodiment, the correspondence (or trend characteristics) of the primary and secondary discrimination threshold indicators for different card types are as follows:

[0027] Cutterhead jamming: Its trend is characterized by the torque T value exceeding the normal value (in this embodiment, the average torque for Class V surrounding rock tunneling is about 0.06 Trat, or about 900 KN·m, and the same applies to the following) and continuously increasing, while the thrust is less than the normal value (in this embodiment, the average thrust for Class V surrounding rock tunneling is about 0.4 Fmax, or about 12500 KN, and the same applies to the following) and gradually decreasing, and the main discrimination threshold index T / Trat≥0.7 (in this embodiment, torque T≥11000 KN·m, and the same applies to the following), and the auxiliary discrimination threshold index F / Fmax<0.4 (in this embodiment, thrust F<12500 KN, and the same applies to the following);

[0028] Shield jamming: Its trend is characterized by thrust F exceeding the normal value and continuously increasing, while torque T is less than the normal value and gradually decreasing. The main discrimination threshold index F / Fmax≥0.7 (in this embodiment, thrust F≥22000KN, and the same applies to the following), and the auxiliary threshold index T / Trat<0.04 (in this embodiment, torque T<600KN·m, and the same applies to the following).

[0029] Both the cutterhead and shield are stuck: The trend is characterized by thrust F and torque T exceeding normal values ​​and continuously increasing, and the main discrimination thresholds T for both the cutterhead and shield are T / Trat≥0.7 and F / Fmax≥0.7.

[0030] S4. When the corresponding relationship (or trend characteristics) of the main discrimination threshold index and auxiliary threshold index for different types of TBM jamming is met, a real-time red alert for high risk of TBM jamming is issued, the machine is immediately stopped and engineering processing is carried out according to the proposed plan, and tunneling is resumed only after the proposed processing target is achieved.

[0031] It should be noted that in this embodiment, T is the torque during the tunneling process (KN.m), Trat is the rated torque (KN.m), F is the thrust during the tunneling process (KN), and Fmax is the design maximum thrust (KN).

[0032] In summary, this application provides a high-risk early warning method for TBM jamming. Based on the early warning system of adverse geological conditions, it establishes threshold criteria for the adverse changes in key tunneling parameters (thrust and torque) and their ratios to corresponding design conditions. This method, grounded in geological factors and tunneling parameters, moves from qualitative to quantitative analysis and from proactive to real-time assessment, demonstrating strong theoretical foundations and high accuracy. Furthermore, based on fundamental mechanical principles, it establishes early warning thresholds for the ratio of thrust F to the design maximum thrust Fmax and the ratio of torque T to the rated torque Trat during tunneling. It is not limited to a single TBM and is applicable to TBM construction projects of varying scales and types. Moreover, for a specific TBM project, this method can establish specific thrust F and torque T values ​​corresponding to the early warning thresholds based on the early identification of adverse geological conditions, enabling real-time identification with simple and quick operation. Finally, this method effectively avoids TBM jamming accidents or reduces the severity of jamming, and also significantly improves TBM tunneling efficiency, which is of great significance in minimizing project losses.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A TBM jamming high-risk early warning method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, based on the results of preliminary exploration, construction period reveal analysis and advanced geological forecasting, establishes a qualitative advanced yellow warning for high-risk TBM jacking based on adverse geological conditions; S2, the ratio of the thrust F during the TBM tunneling process to the design maximum thrust Fmax, and the ratio of the torque T to the rated torque Trat are used as early warning thresholds to establish quantitative primary and secondary discrimination threshold indicators. Based on practice, a correspondence between each threshold warning is proposed. Through the correspondence between the various threshold warnings, a quantitative real-time red warning of high risk of TBM jamming is issued. In step S2, the correspondence between the primary and secondary discrimination threshold indicators is established based on different jamming types of the TBM as follows: Cutter head jamming: The trend of the jammed cutter head is characterized by the torque T exceeding the set normal value and continuously increasing, while the thrust F is less than the set normal value and gradually decreasing, and the main discrimination threshold index is T / Trat≥0.7 and the auxiliary discrimination threshold index is F / Fmax<0.

4. Shield jamming: The trend of shield jamming is characterized by thrust F exceeding the set normal value and continuously increasing, while torque T is less than the set normal value and gradually decreasing, and the main discrimination threshold index F / Fmax≥0.7 and the auxiliary discrimination threshold index T / Trat<0.04; Both the cutter head and shield are stuck: The trend of the cutter head and shield being stuck is characterized by the thrust F and torque T both exceeding the set normal values ​​and continuously increasing, and the main discrimination threshold indicators T / Trat≥0.7 and F / Fmax≥0.7; S3, after the issuance of the qualitative yellow warning, advance plans for handling adverse geological types and characteristics should be studied in advance, and the adverse changing trends of the surrounding rock properties and the tunneling parameters of the TBM should be observed. After a quantitative real-time red alert is issued, the machine is shut down and advanced engineering measures are taken according to the proposed plan. Tunneling will resume only after the proposed treatment objectives have been achieved.

2. The TBM jamming high-risk early warning method of claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the high-risk qualitative advanced yellow warning analysis and prediction of the TBM card machine is judged based on the surrounding rock type and unfavorable geology. If the surrounding rock type and unfavorable geology are set, a qualitative advanced yellow warning is issued.

3. The TBM jamming high-risk early warning method of claim 2, wherein, In step S1, the set surrounding rock types include fractured, soft, and water-rich rock types, and the set adverse geological conditions include fractured zones, strong karst zones, soft rocks, expansive rocks, sandy soft rocks, weathered soft rocks, and altered soft rocks. Based on the preliminary geological survey data, the excavation reveal analysis during the construction period, and the results of advanced geological forecasting, when adverse geological conditions are identified in front of the TBM, a qualitative advanced yellow warning is issued, and the changes in the surrounding rock properties and tunneling parameters of the TBM are observed.

Images