Laminated glass

Abstract

A laminated glass in which a light-adjusting element is enclosed, which suppresses deterioration of appearance seen from the outside of a vehicle. The laminated glass is a vehicle laminated glass having an inside glass plate and an outside glass plate, an interlayer film between the inside glass plate and the outside glass plate, and a light-adjusting element enclosed in the interlayer film, the light-adjusting element having a pair of substrates and a light-adjusting layer between the pair of substrates, the interlayer film including an inside portion sandwiching the light-adjusting layer on the inside and an outside portion sandwiching the light-adjusting layer on the outside, when a transmittance of the outside glass plate, the outside portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate on which the light-adjusting layer is disposed on the outside is set to Tout, and a transmittance of the inside glass plate, the inside portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate on which the light-adjusting layer is disposed on the inside is set to Tin, a relationship of Tout < Tin is satisfied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to laminated glass. Background Technology

[0002] Laminated glass, which incorporates a dimming element whose transmittance can be electrically altered within an interlayer, is known for use in motor vehicle or train windows. To enhance passenger privacy, such laminated glass can, for example, scatter light like frosted glass when the dimming element is off, and become transparent when the dimming element is on. Liquid crystal elements are used as dimming elements, for example (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Existing technical documents

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3296096 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] However, laminated glass with embedded dimming elements has a problem where the surface of the dimming elements inside the laminated glass becomes uneven, causing reflection distortion and resulting in a deterioration in appearance when viewed from the outside of the vehicle.

[0008] The present invention was made based on the above circumstances, and its purpose is to suppress the deterioration of the appearance of the laminated glass containing the dimming element as seen from the outside of the vehicle.

[0009] Technical solutions adopted to solve technical problems

[0010] This laminated glass is a vehicle laminated glass, which has an inner side glass panel and an outer side glass panel, an interlayer film located between the inner side glass panel and the outer side glass panel, and a dimming element sealed in the interlayer film. The dimming element has a pair of substrates and a dimming layer located between the pair of substrates. The interlayer film includes an inner side portion sandwiching the dimming layer located on the inner side of the vehicle and an outer side portion sandwiching the dimming layer located on the outer side of the vehicle. When the transmittance of the outer side glass panel, the outer side portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer located on the outer side of the vehicle is set to Tout, and the transmittance of the inner side glass panel, the inner side portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer located on the inner side of the vehicle is set to Tin, the relationship Tout < Tin is satisfied.

[0011] Invention Effects

[0012] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the appearance of laminated glass with encapsulated dimming elements as seen from the outside of the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1A The figure shown illustrates the laminated glass of the first embodiment.

[0014] Figure 1B The figure shown illustrates the laminated glass of the first embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the low-emissivity coating.

[0016] Figure 3 The figure shown illustrates an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, identical components are labeled with the same symbols, and repeated descriptions may be omitted. Furthermore, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, some dimensions or shapes may be exaggerated in the drawings.

[0018] In addition, while "vehicle" typically refers to motor vehicles, it is believed to refer to any moving object with glass, including trams, ships, and airplanes.

[0019] In addition, "top view" refers to the view of a specified area of ​​the laminated glass from the normal direction of the inner side of the laminated glass, while "planar shape" refers to the shape seen from the normal direction of the inner side of the laminated glass from the specified area of ​​the laminated glass.

[0020] <First Embodiment>

[0021] Figure 1A and Figure 1B The figure shown illustrates the laminated glass of the first embodiment. Figure 1A This illustration schematically shows the view of the interior of a vehicle from the outside when laminated glass is installed on the vehicle. Figure 1B The image shows along Figure 1A A cross-sectional view along line AA.

[0022] Reference Figure 1A and Figure 1B The laminated glass 10 is a vehicle laminated glass having a glass plate 11, a glass plate 12, an interlayer film 13, a shielding layer 14, and a dimming element 15. The shielding layer 14 can be provided as needed.

[0023] in addition, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The laminated glass 10 is shown as a flat plate, but it can also be curved in both the long and short directions. Alternatively, it can be curved only in the long direction or only in the short direction.

[0024] also, Figure 1A and Figure 1B In this case, the planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is rectangular, but the planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is not limited to a rectangle, and can also be any shape including trapezoids.

[0025] Laminated glass 10 can be used, for example, for sunroofs, rear windows, rear side windows, rear quarter windows, door windows, extension windows, and front windows of vehicles. Additionally, extension windows refer to glass installed at the rear of a vehicle to improve the driver's rear visibility.

[0026] Glass panel 11 is the interior glass panel that serves as the inner side of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. Glass panel 12 is the exterior glass panel that serves as the outer side of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. Glass panels 11 and 12 may have a specified curvature.

[0027] Glass plate 11 and glass plate 12 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, with intermediate film 13 and dimming element 15 located between the pair of glass plates. Glass plate 11 and glass plate 12 are fixed in a state that clamps intermediate film 13 and dimming element 15.

[0028] Intermediate film 13 is a film that bonds glass plate 11 and glass plate 12. Intermediate film 13 may include, for example, an intermediate film 131 bonded to glass plate 11, an intermediate film 132 bonded to glass plate 12, and a frame-shaped intermediate film 133 located between intermediate film 131 and intermediate film 132 and surrounding the periphery of dimming element 15. In intermediate film 13, intermediate film 131 is the inner side portion of the vehicle relative to dimming layer 153, and intermediate film 132 is the outer side portion of the vehicle relative to dimming layer 153.

[0029] However, the interlayer 13 may also have an interlayer 131 bonded to the glass plate 11, an interlayer 132 bonded to the glass plate 12, but no interlayer 133. Even if the interlayer 13 does not have an interlayer 133, the interlayer 131 and / or 132 still surround the outer periphery of the dimming element 15 during the pressing process in the manufacturing process of the laminated glass 10.

[0030] Furthermore, unless there is a specific need to distinguish between the interlayer films 131, 132, and 133, they will be simply referred to as interlayer film 13. Glass plate 11, glass plate 12, and interlayer film 13 will be described in detail later.

[0031] The shielding layer 14 is an opaque layer, and may be formed in a strip along the periphery of the laminated glass 10. The shielding layer 14 may be, for example, an opaque (e.g., black) colored ceramic layer. The shielding layer 14 may be a colored interlayer or a colored film with light-blocking properties, or a combination of at least one of the interlayer or colored film and a colored ceramic layer. The colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film, etc.

[0032] Because the laminated glass 10 has an opaque shielding layer 14, it is possible to suppress the degradation of resins such as polyurethane that hold the periphery of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body due to ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the shielding layer 14 can shield the electrodes or wiring connected to the dimming element 15, making them difficult to identify from the outside and / or inside of the vehicle.

[0033] The masking layer 14 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing molten glass frit with black pigment onto a glass plate using screen printing and firing, but is not limited to this method. The masking layer 14 can also be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing black or dark pigment onto a glass plate using screen printing and drying.

[0034] exist Figure 1A and Figure 1B In the example, the shielding layer 14 is disposed on the periphery of the inner side of the glass panel 11 and the periphery of the inner side of the glass panel 12. However, the shielding layer 14 may also be disposed only on the periphery of the inner side of the glass panel 11 or only on the periphery of the inner side of the glass panel 12, as needed.

[0035] The dimming element 15 is a component capable of switching the light transmittance of the laminated glass 10. For example, the dimming element 15 can switch between a low transmittance state and a high transmittance state. The transmittance can be switched in multiple levels or continuously without levels. The dimming element 15 can be disposed on almost the entire surface of the laminated glass 10, or only on a portion thereof, as needed. The planar shape of the dimming element 15 is, for example, a rectangle smaller than the planar shape of the laminated glass 10. Figure 1A and Figure 1B In the example, the periphery of the dimming element 15 is located at a position that overlaps with the shielding layer 14 when viewed from above.

[0036] The dimming element 15 includes a substrate 151, a dimming layer 153, a substrate 155, and a pair of electrodes 156, all encapsulated in an intermediate film 13. That is, the dimming element 15 is surrounded by the intermediate film 13. The substrate 151 has a support member 151a and a conductive film 151b disposed on the support member 151a. The substrate 155 has a support member 155a and a conductive film 155b disposed on the support member 155a.

[0037] The dimming element 15 is, for example, in the shape of a film. The thickness of the dimming element 15 is, for example, 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm. In addition, a pair of electrodes 156 of the dimming element 15 are respectively connected to wiring (not shown) for connecting the electrodes 156 to an external circuit.

[0038] Support members 151a and 155a are transparent resin layers. The thickness of support members 151a and 155a is, for example, 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 150 μm.

[0039] Supporting components 151a and 155a are selected, for example, from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate, triacetyl cellulose, polyurethane, and cyclic olefin polymers.

[0040] A conductive film 151b is formed on the glass plate 12 side of the supporting member 151a and is in contact with the glass plate 11 side of the dimming layer 153. A conductive film 155b is formed on the glass plate 11 side of the supporting member 155a and is in contact with the glass plate 12 side of the dimming layer 153. That is, conductive films 151b and 155b are a pair of conductive films that sandwich the dimming layer 153.

[0041] For example, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) can be used as conductive films 151b and 155b. Examples of TCOs include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped cadmium oxide, but they are not limited to these.

[0042] Transparent conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene) can advantageously be used as conductive films 151b and 155b. Furthermore, laminated films of metal and dielectric layers, silver nanowires, silver or copper meshes, etc., can also be suitably used as conductive films 151b and 155b.

[0043] Conductive films 151b and 155b can be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or wet coating methods such as sputtering, vacuum evaporation, or ion plating.

[0044] A transparent barrier layer may be further applied to the surfaces of conductive films 151b and 155b. The barrier layer primarily helps to improve adhesion to the dimming layer 153 and prevent short circuits in the dimming element. The barrier layer can be made of materials such as SiO2, SiN, polyurethane, polyurethane acrylate, acrylic acid, etc., but is not limited to these. The thickness of the barrier layer is preferably less than 1000 nm, more preferably less than 500 nm, and even more preferably less than 300 nm. The barrier layer can be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as sputtering, vacuum evaporation, or ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or wet coating.

[0045] The dimming layer 153 is located between the support member 151a on which the conductive film 151b is formed and the support member 155a on which the conductive film 155b is formed. The dimming layer 153 is selected, for example, from any of the following: Suspended Particle Device (SPD), Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), Guest-Host Effect Liquid Crystal, TN (Twisted Nematic) Liquid Crystal, PC (Phase Change) Liquid Crystal, STN (Super Twisted Nematic) Liquid Crystal, ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) Liquid Crystal, OCB (Optically Compensated Bending) Liquid Crystal, IPS (In-Plane Switching) Liquid Crystal, VA (Vertical Alignment) Liquid Crystal, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) Liquid Crystal, FPA (Electrically Field-Induced Photoresponsive Alignment) Liquid Crystal, Photochromic Device, Electrochromic Device, Electrodynamic Device, Organic EL (Electroluminescent Electron) Element, and Inorganic EL. The dimming layer 153 can be selected from any one of SPD, PDLC, PNLC, guest-host effect liquid crystal, and electrochromic device.

[0046] The haze of the dimming element 15 is preferably above 80% when the transmittance of the dimming element 15 is at its lowest. This value can be achieved, for example, by using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) as the dimming layer 153. Alternatively, the haze can be measured according to the method of JIS R7136:1998.

[0047] Furthermore, guest-host effect liquid crystals refer to mixtures of dichroic pigments and liquid crystals that exhibit anisotropic light absorption along the long and short axes of their molecules. Dichroic pigments possess one light absorption axis, absorbing only light vibrating along this axis. Therefore, the orientation of the dichroic pigments changes due to the movement of the liquid crystal caused by an electric field, controlling the orientation of the light absorption axis and thereby altering the transmission state of the liquid crystal cells.

[0048] Electrode 156 is positioned, for example, to overlap with shielding layer 14 when viewed from above. One of the pair of electrodes 156 is electrically connected to conductive film 151b, and the other is electrically connected to conductive film 155b. Thus, dimming layer 153 is driven by energizing conductive films 151b and 155b.

[0049] One of the electrodes 156 is, for example, a positive electrode, and is connected to the positive side of a power source such as a battery mounted on the vehicle via a lead or the like. The other electrode 156 is, for example, a negative electrode, and is connected to the negative side of a power source such as a battery mounted on the vehicle via a lead or the like.

[0050] A voltage is supplied to the dimming layer 153 via a pair of electrodes 156 from a power source such as a battery, and the transmittance of the dimming element 15 is switched according to the voltage. From the viewpoint of improving contrast, the total light transmittance when the transmittance of the laminated glass 10 is at its lowest (the state where the transmittance of the dimming element 15 is at its lowest) is preferably 2% to 10%.

[0051] When the total light transmittance of the laminated glass 10 at its lowest transmittance state (defined as T) is set, and the visible light reflectance of the interior surface of the glass panel 11 is set as Rin, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 10. If the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin is satisfied, the reflection of transmitted light from the interior surface is minimal, further improving contrast. If the relationship T / Rin < 10 is satisfied, excellent light-blocking performance is achieved. More preferably, the relationship T / Rin < 2 is satisfied, as even better light-blocking performance is obtained.

[0052] Furthermore, the visible light reflectance Rin is preferably less than 2.5%. For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, by providing a low-emissivity coating 18 on the inner side of the glass panel 11, the visible light reflectance Rin can be reduced. For example, indium tin-doped oxide (ITO) can be used as the low-emissivity coating 18. Reducing the visible light reflectance Rin further enhances contrast. That is, when the total light transmittance T of the laminated glass 10 is low, since reflection from the inner side is dominant, reducing the visible light reflectance Rin improves contrast. Furthermore, the total light transmittance can be measured according to the method of JIS R7361-1:1997. Additionally, the visible light reflectance Rin can be measured according to the method of JIS R 3106:1998.

[0053] The material of electrode 156 can be any conductive material without particular limitation; for example, metallic materials can be listed. Examples of metallic materials include: gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, iridium, zinc, magnesium, or tin. Furthermore, these metals can be plated or formed into alloys or composites with resin.

[0054] From a cost and availability perspective, electrode 156 can be suitably made of copper strip or plain braided copper wire, or FPC (flexible printed circuit). The copper strip or plain braided copper wire can be plated with metals other than copper.

[0055] Electrode 156 can be bonded to conductive films 151b and 155b using any of the following: a conductive adhesive material (conductive adhesive layer), an anisotropic conductive film, or solder. Alternatively, electrode 156 can also be in direct contact with conductive films 151b and 155b without the use of a conductive adhesive material, anisotropic conductive film, or solder. Alternatively, electrode 156 can be formed using printing methods such as screen printing, inkjet printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, or gravure printing.

[0056] In the laminated glass 10, when the transmittance of the glass plate 12, the interlayer film 132, and the substrate 155 is set to Tout, and the transmittance of the glass plate 11, the interlayer film 131, and the substrate 151 is set to Tin, the relationship Tout < Tin is satisfied. Furthermore, the transmittance of the interlayer film in this specification is a value measured when the interlayer film is sandwiched between two 2mm thick transparent glass sheets to form the laminated glass. Additionally, the transmittance of the glass plate includes the transmittance of the film if the glass plate has a coating. Furthermore, the transmittance of the substrate includes the transmittance of the support member and the conductive film.

[0057] Here, since Tin cannot be directly measured, for convenience, it is defined as the value obtained by multiplying the total light transmittance of glass plate 11, the total light transmittance of intermediate film 131, and the total light transmittance of substrate 151. Similarly, Tout is defined as the value obtained by multiplying the total light transmittance of glass plate 12, the total light transmittance of intermediate film 132, and the total light transmittance of substrate 155.

[0058] To achieve the Tout < Tin relationship, for example, the transmittance of the interlayer film 132 sandwiching the dimming layer 153 and disposed on the outer side of the vehicle can be lower than the transmittance of the interlayer film 131 disposed on the inner side of the vehicle. Specifically, different materials can be used for the interlayer film 131 and the interlayer film 132 to satisfy the Tout < Tin relationship. The transmittance of the interlayer film 131 is preferably 80% or more. For example, a transparent interlayer film can be used as the interlayer film 131, while a colored interlayer film can be used as the interlayer film 132.

[0059] Here, the transparent interlayer is a highly transparent interlayer. The visible light transmittance of the transparent interlayer is, for example, approximately 85% to 95% when the film thickness is 0.38 mm. For example, a product with a film thickness of 0.38 mm and a visible light transmittance of 90% is manufactured by Eastman Chemical Japan Co., Ltd. It is commercially available from Ebron Co., Ltd.

[0060] A colored interlayer is an interlayer with lower transparency than a transparent interlayer. A colored interlayer can be prepared by coloring the materials described later in the description of the [interlayer]. Specifically, a colored interlayer is mainly prepared by containing a colorant in a composition primarily comprising a thermoplastic resin. The colored interlayer may also contain a plasticizer for adjusting the glass transition temperature.

[0061] As a colorant, there are no particular limitations as long as it can reduce visible light transmittance; examples include dyes, inorganic pigments, and organic pigments. Among these, inorganic or organic pigments are preferred from the perspective of minimizing the possibility of fading due to long-term use, while inorganic pigments are preferred from the perspective of excellent lightfastness.

[0062] Examples of organic pigments include black pigments such as aniline black and red pigments such as alizarin lake. Examples of inorganic pigments include carbon-based pigments and metal oxide pigments. Examples include black pigments such as carbon black, ivory black, mascara black, pitch black, lampblack, and magnetic iron oxide; brown pigments such as amber, dark brown, yellowish-brown, rust brown, ochre, and deep ochre; and red pigments such as Bengal red and molybdenum red. Red pigments such as morvide and cadmium red; orange pigments such as equatorial orange and chrome vermilion; blue pigments such as ultramarine, navy blue, cobalt blue, and sky blue; green pigments such as chromium oxide, emerald green, jade green, and cobalt green; yellow pigments such as lead yellow, cadmium yellow, iron oxide yellow, and titanium yellow; and purple pigments such as manganese violet and mineral violet. These colorants can be used in combination, either alone or in groups of two or more.

[0063] The amount of colorant incorporated is, for example, such that the visible light transmittance of the intermediate film 132 reaches 50% or less. The colored intermediate film may also contain one or more additives such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, fluorescent agents, adhesion modifiers, coupling agents, surfactants, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, dehydrating agents, defoamers, antistatic agents, and flame retardants.

[0064] A colored interlayer film can be prepared by forming a dark-colored printing layer on the surface of an uncolored interlayer film 132. The dark printing layer can typically be formed using a printing method that applies a colored material to a resin substrate. Examples of colored materials include organic or inorganic pigments, similar to the colorants described above. Furthermore, since the printed layer in this case does not need to have the durability near the softening point temperature of glass as a ceramic masking layer, organic pigments containing carbon black, for example, can be used. The thickness of the printed layer can be suitably adjusted, for example, so that the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film 132 reaches 50% or less.

[0065] By using a colored interlayer film, the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film 132 can be significantly reduced. For example, the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film 132 can be reduced to 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less. For example, a product with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 18% is commercially available from Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd. Furthermore, a product with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 8% is commercially available from Eastman Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.

[0066] Laminated glass 10 with dimming element 15 may sometimes experience reflection distortion due to unevenness on the surface of dimming element 15 inside the laminated glass 10, resulting in a deterioration in appearance when viewed from the outside of the vehicle. However, if the relationship Tout < Tin is satisfied, the transmittance on the outside of the vehicle becomes lower, and the unevenness is less noticeable, thus reducing reflection distortion and improving the appearance when viewed from the outside of the vehicle.

[0067] Tout is preferably between 0.01% and 20%. Within this range, sufficient reduction in reflection distortion as seen from outside the vehicle can be achieved. Furthermore, Tin is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 35% or more, further preferably 50% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. If Tin is 35% or more and Tout is between 0.01% and 20%, not only is sufficient reduction in reflection distortion as seen from outside the vehicle achieved, but also good contrast can be obtained.

[0068] Furthermore, reflection distortion seen from inside the vehicle is less noticeable because the brightness of the reflected light source is usually weaker than when viewed from outside the vehicle. Therefore, if the relationship Tout < Tin is satisfied, the noticeable reflection distortion seen from outside the vehicle can be reduced more effectively. Moreover, the difference between Tout and Tin (Tin - Tout) is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more. If the difference between Tout and Tin is 20% or more, not only can reflection distortion be reduced, but the decrease in contrast can also be suppressed.

[0069] The glass plate 11, glass plate 12 and intermediate film 13 are described in detail below.

[0070] 〔glass plate〕

[0071] Glass plates 11 and 12 can be either inorganic glass or organic glass. As inorganic glass, examples include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass, with no particular limitation. For the glass plate 12 located on the outside of the laminated glass 10, inorganic glass is preferred from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, while soda-lime glass is preferred from the viewpoint of formability. When glass plates 11 and 12 are soda-lime glass, transparent glass, green glass containing a specified amount or more of iron, and UV-blocking green glass can be suitably used.

[0072] Inorganic glass can be either unstrengthened glass or strengthened glass. Unstrengthened glass is made by forming molten glass into a sheet and then annealing it. Strengthened glass is made by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of unstrengthened glass.

[0073] Tempered glass can be either physically strengthened glass, such as air-cooled strengthened glass, or chemically strengthened glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by operations other than annealing, such as rapidly cooling a uniformly heated glass sheet from a temperature near its softening point during bending and forming, utilizing the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass to generate a compressive stress layer on the glass surface.

[0074] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by inducing compressive stress on the glass surface, for example, after bending and forming, using methods such as ion exchange. Furthermore, glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared radiation can be used, and transparent glass is even more preferred, but glass sheets colored to a degree that does not impair transparency can also be used.

[0075] Materials used for acrylic glass include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and transparent resins such as polystyrene.

[0076] The shapes of glass plates 11 and 12 are not particularly limited to rectangles, and can be processed into various shapes and curvatures. Gravity forming, pressure forming, roll forming, etc. can be used to bend and form glass plates 11 and 12. There are no particular limitations on the forming method of glass plates 11 and 12, but for example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by float glass or the like are preferred.

[0077] The thickness of the glass plate 12 is not particularly limited, and is generally in the range of 0.1mm to 10mm. It can be appropriately selected according to the type of vehicle or part to which the laminated glass 10 is applied. From the viewpoint of resistance to flying stone impacts, the thickness of the glass plate 12 is preferably 0.3mm or more, more preferably 0.5mm or more, further preferably 0.7mm or more, particularly preferably 1.1mm or more, and most preferably 1.6mm or more.

[0078] Furthermore, the thickness of glass plate 11 can be said to be the same as that of glass plate 12. Additionally, glass plate 11 may have a different composition and / or a different thickness than glass plate 12. For example, glass plate 11 may be thinner than glass plate 12.

[0079] Furthermore, glass plates 11 and 12 can be either flat or curved. However, if glass plates 11 and 12 are curved and the thickness of glass plate 11 is unsuitable, and if glass plates 11 and 12 are formed as two pieces of glass with particularly large curvature, the shapes of the two pieces will be mismatched, which will have a significant impact on the glass quality, such as residual stress after pressing.

[0080] The outer side of glass panels 11 and / or 12 may be coated with a film that has water-repellent, ultraviolet-blocking, or infrared-blocking functions, or a film with low reflectivity, low emissivity, or anti-condensation properties. Furthermore, the side of glass panels 11 and / or 12 that is in contact with the interlayer film 13 may also be coated with a film that has ultraviolet-blocking or infrared-blocking functions, a film with low emissivity, a visible light-absorbing film, or a colored film. Additionally, the inner side of glass panel 11 may have a low-emissivity coating.

[0081] That is, the glass plates 11 and / or 12 may have any one or more of the following: a water-repellent layer, an ultraviolet blocking layer, an infrared reflective layer, a low reflectivity layer, a low-emissivity coating, an anti-condensation layer, a visible light absorbing layer, and a coloring layer. As long as at least one of the glass plates 11 and / or 12, the intermediate film 13, and the substrates 151 and / or 155 of the dimming element 15 has these layers.

[0082] However, at least one of the glass plate 12, the intermediate film 132, and the substrate 155 may not have a metallic coating. Specific examples of metallic coatings include infrared reflective layers and low-emissivity coatings. If neither an infrared reflective layer nor a low-emissivity coating is present, the reflectivity of visible light from outside the vehicle will not become excessively high, and it is less likely to produce a shimmering appearance.

[0083] Furthermore, when the visible light reflectance of the exterior surface of the glass plate 12 of the laminated glass 10, where the transmittance of the dimming element 15 is at its lowest, is set as Rout, the visible light reflectance Rout is preferably 8% or less. If the visible light reflectance Rout is 8% or less, it is less likely to produce a shimmering appearance regardless of whether there is a metallic coating. Additionally, the visible light reflectance Rout of the laminated glass 10 can be measured according to the method in JIS R 3106:1998. The surfaces being measured differ in the determination of visible light reflectance Rout and Rin.

[0084] When glass plates 11 and 12 are curved inorganic glass, they can be bent after float glass forming and before being bonded by an intermediate film 13. Bending is performed by heating to soften the glass. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is approximately 550°C to 700°C.

[0085] [Intermediate membrane]

[0086] As the interlayer 13, thermoplastic resins are commonly used, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, and other thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this purpose. Alternatively, the resin composition containing modified block copolymer hydrogenates described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 may also be suitably used.

[0087] Considering the excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation, plasticized polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins are suitable. These thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in the context of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins indicates that plasticization can be achieved by adding plasticizers. The same meaning applies to other plasticized resins.

[0088] However, when the dimming element 15 is encapsulated in the interlayer 13, depending on the type of dimming element, the dimming element may deteriorate due to a specific plasticizer. In this case, it is preferable to use a resin that is substantially free of the plasticizer. That is, it is sometimes preferable that the interlayer 13 is free of plasticizer. Examples of plasticizer-free resins include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins.

[0089] Examples of polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins include polyvinyl alcohol formal resins obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins (in the narrow sense) obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl alcohol butyral resins (PVB) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde. In particular, considering the excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation, PVB is a suitable material. These polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0090] However, the material forming the interlayer 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resins. The interlayer 13 may also contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents. In addition, the interlayer 13 may also have a colored portion known as a light-shielding strip.

[0091] The thickness of the interlayer film 13 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at its thinnest portion. When the thickness of the thinnest portion of the interlayer film 13 is 0.5 mm or more, the impact resistance necessary for laminated glass is sufficient. The thickness of the interlayer film 13 is preferably 3 mm or less at its thickest portion. If the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass will not be excessive. The maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0092] Alternatively, the interlayer 13 may have four or more layers. For example, by forming the interlayer with four or more layers, and by adjusting the plasticizer, making the shear modulus of several layers other than the two side layers smaller than that of the two side layers, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved. In this case, the shear modulus of the two side layers can be the same or different.

[0093] Furthermore, ideally, all intermediate membranes 131, 132, and 133 included in intermediate membrane 13 are formed of the same material, but some or all of intermediate membranes 131, 132, and 133 may also be formed of different materials. In this case, the thickness of each of intermediate membranes 131, 132, and 133 is preferably 0.025 mm or more and 1 mm or less.

[0094] When manufacturing the interlayer film 13, for example, the aforementioned resin material for forming the interlayer film 23 is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed using an extruder in a heated molten state. The extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed of the extruder, are set to conditions that ensure uniformity. Then, the resin film obtained by extrusion molding is matched to the design of the laminated glass, for example, by stretching it as needed to give the upper and lower edges of the resin film curvature, thereby completing the interlayer film 13.

[0095] Laminated glass

[0096] The total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm to 10 mm. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained while reducing haze.

[0097] At at least one edge of the laminated glass 10, the offset between glass plates 11 and 12 is preferably less than 1.5 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm. Here, the offset between glass plates 11 and 12 refers to the offset of the ends of glass plate 11 and glass plate 12 when viewed from above.

[0098] If the offset between glass plates 11 and 12 is less than 1.5 mm at at least one edge of the laminated glass 10, it is advantageous in terms of not impairing the appearance. If the offset between glass plates 11 and 12 is less than 1.0 mm at at least one edge of the laminated glass 10, it is even more advantageous in terms of not impairing the appearance.

[0099] [Manufacturing method of laminated glass]

[0100] When manufacturing laminated glass 10, an interlayer film 13 and a dimming element 15 are sandwiched between glass plates 11 and 12 to prepare a laminate. Then, for example, the laminate is placed in a rubber bag and pre-pressed in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa and at a temperature of approximately 50 to 110°C. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, vacuum conditions, and lamination method for pre-pressing are appropriately selected considering the properties of the dimming element 15 to prevent its degradation during lamination.

[0101] Furthermore, for example, by performing a pressing process using an electric furnace under heating and pressure at temperatures of 80°C to 150°C and absolute pressures of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, laminated glass 10 with superior durability can be obtained. However, depending on the circumstances, considering the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material encapsulated in the laminated glass 10, this heating and pressure process is sometimes omitted.

[0102] In the process of preparing the laminate, a first laminate can be formed by bonding the dimming element 15 to the glass plate 12 via an intermediate film 132, which forms the outer portion of the intermediate film 13, and by bonding the glass plate 11 to the dimming element 15 side of the first laminate via an intermediate film 131, which forms the inner portion of the intermediate film 13. In this case, an adhesive film can be used for the intermediate film 13, and the pre-pressing process can be performed using rollers instead of rubber bags. The temperature and vacuum conditions can be appropriately selected considering the properties of the intermediate film 13 and the dimming element 15 to prevent them from deteriorating during lamination. In particular, bonding at room temperature is ideal because the load on the dimming element 15 can be minimized. In addition, a frame-shaped intermediate film 133 can be added between the intermediate films 131 and 132 and surrounding the periphery of the dimming element 15.

[0103] Furthermore, when the laminated glass 10 is in a curved shape, the glass plates 11 and 12 can be bent and formed using conventionally known bending methods. For example, the glass plates 11 and 12 can be overlapped and placed on a ring-shaped mold, heated above their softening point, and bent and formed by their own weight. Alternatively, the glass plates 11 and 12 can be formed under pressure, either separately or overlapped, while still heated.

[0104] This method of manufacturing laminated glass, in which the pre-bent glass plate 11 and glass plate 12 are joined together by an interlayer film 13 without elastic deformation, is also called "hot bending".

[0105] The laminated glass 10 can also be prepared by a method called "cold bending," which involves joining one or two glass plates from glass plate 11 or glass plate 12 in an elastically deformed state. Cold bending can be achieved by using a laminate consisting of glass plate 11, glass plate 12, interlayer film 13, and dimming element 15 temporarily fixed by means of tape, as well as conventionally known pre-compression devices such as clamping rollers or rubber bags, rubber chambers, and autoclaves.

[0106] In addition, without impairing the effectiveness of this application, in addition to the interlayer film 13 and the dimming element 15, there may be films and devices between glass plate 11 and glass plate 12 that have functions such as heating, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, dimming, touch screen, visible light reflection, scattering, decoration, and absorption. Furthermore, the surface of the laminated glass 10 may also have films with functions such as anti-fogging, water repellency, heat insulation, and low reflection. Moreover, the exterior side of glass plate 11 or the interior side of glass plate 12 may also have films with functions such as heat insulation and heating.

[0107] <Modification 1 of the first embodiment>

[0108] Variation 1 of the first embodiment illustrates an example of another method for realizing the relationship Tout < Tin. Furthermore, in Variation 1 of the first embodiment, descriptions of components identical to those in the already described embodiment are sometimes omitted.

[0109] As another method to achieve the Tout < Tin relationship, the transmittance of the glass panel 12 sandwiched with the dimming layer 153 and disposed on the outside of the vehicle can be lower than that of the glass panel 11 disposed on the inside of the vehicle. Specifically, different materials can be used for the glass panels 11 and 12 to satisfy the Tout < Tin relationship. For example, privacy glass can be used as the glass panel 12, and green glass or transparent glass can be used as the glass panel 11.

[0110] Here, green glass refers to glass with high transparency. The visible light transmittance of green glass is approximately 83% to 88% when the thickness is 1.6 mm to 2.0 mm. Transparent glass, on the other hand, has higher transparency than green glass, and its visible light transmittance is approximately 88% to 92% when the thickness is 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0111] Privacy glass is a type of glass with lower transparency than green glass and clear glass, also known as dark gray glass. Privacy glass can be achieved by adjusting the total iron content (converted to Fe2O3) in the glass plate 12. The visible light transmittance of privacy glass can be adjusted, for example, to approximately 40%–50% with a plate thickness of 1.8 mm and approximately 30%–45% with a plate thickness of 2.0 mm.

[0112] Taking the composition of privacy glass as an example, expressed as a percentage by mass based on oxides, the main components of the glass contain SiO2: 66-75%, Na2O: 10-20%, CaO: 5-15%, MgO: 0-6%, Al2O3: 0-5%, K2O: 0-5%, FeO: 0.13-0.9%, total iron (Fe2O3): 0.8% or more and less than 2.4%, TiO2: greater than 1% and less than 5%. Relative to the total amount of the main components of the glass, it contains 100-500 ppm by mass of CoO, 0-70 ppm by mass of Se, and 0-800 ppm by mass of Cr2O3, and the total amount of CoO, Se, and Cr2O3 is less than 0.1 ppm by mass.

[0113] Furthermore, privacy glass is described in detail in, for example, International Publication No. 2015 / 088026, the contents of which may be referenced and cited in this specification.

[0114] As another method to achieve the Tout < Tin relationship, for example, the transmittance of the substrate 155 disposed on the outer side of the vehicle, sandwiching the dimming layer 153, can be lower than that of the substrate 151 disposed on the inner side of the vehicle. Specifically, different materials can be used for the support member 151a of the substrate 151 and the support member 155a of the substrate 155 to satisfy the Tout < Tin relationship. For example, a PET film with a transmittance of 50% at a thickness of 50 μm can be used as the support member 155a of the substrate 155, and a PET film with a transmittance of 90% at a thickness of 50 μm can be used as the support member 151a of the substrate 151.

[0115] In order to achieve the relationship Tout < Tin, the materials of intermediate films 131 and 132, the materials of glass plates 11 and 12, and the materials of support members 151a and 155a of substrate 151 and substrate 155 can be changed. Alternatively, two or more of these methods can be used. Furthermore, the transmittance can be adjusted by changing the thickness of each layer.

[0116] However, the thickness of glass plate 12 can be equal to the thickness of glass plate 11. Furthermore, the thickness of the interlayer film 131, which forms the inner side of the interlayer film 13, can be equal to the thickness of the interlayer film 132, which forms the outer side of the interlayer film 13. Additionally, the thickness of the support member 155a, which sandwiches the dimming layer 153 and is disposed on the outer side of the vehicle, can be equal to the thickness of the support member 151a, which sandwiches the dimming layer 153 and is disposed on the inner side of the vehicle.

[0117] From the perspective of achieving a value lower than Tout, the method of changing the materials of interlayer 131 and interlayer 132 is most preferable. When the materials of glass plates 11 and 12 are changed, their compositions cannot be identical, and therefore their bending conditions will also differ. Thus, when glass plates 11 and 12 are curved, it is difficult to bend them with the same shape accuracy that allows for easy fabrication of laminated glass 10. However, when the materials of interlayer 131 and interlayer 132 are changed, the compositions of glass plates 11 and 12 can be identical, and their bending conditions can also be identical, thus making laminated glass 10 easier to manufacture. From this perspective, a configuration where the materials of interlayer 131 and interlayer 132 are different is also preferable.

[0118] [Example]

[0119] The following describes the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0120] (Example 1)

[0121] Green glass with dimensions of 1000mm (length) × 1200mm (width) × 2mm (thickness) is prepared as glass plate 11 (inner side glass plate) and glass plate 12 (outer side glass plate). Furthermore, as interlayer film 131, a PVB film RK11 (manufactured by Eastman Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm (length) × 1200mm (width) × 0.38mm (thickness) is prepared. Furthermore, as interlayer film 132, a PVB film 7018 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm (length) × 1200mm (width) × 0.76mm (thickness) is prepared. Additionally, as dimming element 15, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is prepared. Moreover, in dimming element 15, support members 151a and 155a are both PET films with a transmittance of 90% at a thickness of 50μm. Furthermore, conductive films 151b and 155b are ITO with a thin-film resistance of 80Ω / □.

[0122] Next, an intermediate film 131, a dimming element 15, and an intermediate film 132 are sandwiched between glass plates 11 and 12 to prepare a laminate. The laminate is then placed in a rubber bag and bonded in a vacuum of -65 kPa to -100 kPa at a temperature of approximately 70°C to 110°C to prepare a product with… Figure 1B Laminated glass is used to evaluate the layered structure shown.

[0123] Furthermore, the transmittance T1 of glass plate 12, the transmittance T2 of interlayer film 132, the transmittance T3 of substrate 155, the transmittance T4 of substrate 151, the transmittance T5 of interlayer film 131, and the transmittance T6 of glass plate 11 were measured, and Tout = T1 × T2 × T3 and Tin = T4 × T5 × T6 were calculated. In addition, the total light transmittance T of the evaluation laminated glass under the condition of lowest transmittance of the dimming element and the visible light reflectance Rin of the inner side of glass plate 11 were measured, and T / Rin was calculated.

[0124] In addition, the transmittance T1 of glass plate 12 and the transmittance T6 of glass plate 11 are the total light transmittance of the individual glass plates. Since the transmittance T2 of interlayer film 132 and the transmittance T5 of interlayer film 131 are difficult to measure using the interlayer film monomer, two pieces of transparent glass with a thickness of 2 mm were used to prepare the laminated glass, and their total light transmittance was measured. The transmittance T3 of substrate 155 and the transmittance T4 of substrate 151 are the total light transmittance of the individual substrates.

[0125] (Example 2)

[0126] Except that the interlayer film 132 is a PVB film RK11 (manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company, Japan) with dimensions of 1000 mm long × 1200 mm wide × 0.38 mm thick, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0127] (Example 3)

[0128] Except that the interlayer film 131 is a PVB film 7018 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000 mm long × 1200 mm wide × 0.76 mm thick, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0129] (Example 4)

[0130] Except that the interlayer film 131 uses a PVB film 7018 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm in length × 1200mm in width × 0.76mm in thickness, and the interlayer film 132 uses a PVB film RK11 (manufactured by Eastman Chemicals Japan Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm in length × 1200mm in width × 0.38mm in thickness, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0131] (Example 5)

[0132] Except that the interlayer film 132 is a PVB film SL47-5208 (manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company, Japan) with dimensions of 1000 mm long × 1200 mm wide × 0.76 mm thick, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0133] (Example 6)

[0134] Except that privacy glass with dimensions of 1000mm long × 1200mm wide × 2mm thick is used as glass plate 12, and PVB film RK11 (manufactured by Eastman Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm long × 1200mm wide × 0.38mm thick is used as interlayer film 132, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0135] (Example 7)

[0136] Except that the interlayer film 132 is a PVB film RK11 (manufactured by Eastman Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000 mm long × 1200 mm wide × 0.38 mm thick, and the support member 155a of the dimming element 15 is a PET film with a thickness of 50 μm and a transmittance of 50%, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0137] (Example 8)

[0138] Except that privacy glass with dimensions of 1000mm long × 1200mm wide × 2mm thick is used as glass plate 11 and glass plate 12, and PVB film 7018 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd.) with dimensions of 1000mm long × 1200mm wide × 0.76mm thick is used as interlayer film 132, the evaluation laminated glass is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0139] (Evaluation 1)

[0140] The laminated glass used for evaluation prepared in Examples 1 to 8 was subjected to an appearance evaluation. Specifically, the laminated glass was placed horizontally indoors and its reflection of a zebra stripe (alternating white and black straight lines, each 30mm thick) was taken at a 45-degree angle from the outside of the vehicle. The reflected image of the zebra stripe was photographed. A Nikon D5300 camera with an 18-55mm f / 3.5-5.6G lens was used, with a resolution of 2992×2000 pixels and a resolution of 300 dpi. For each photograph, the number of pixels in the areas where the zebra stripe line width changed relative to the standard line width was recorded and counted. A number of pixels in the areas where the zebra stripe line width changed was less than 200,000, classified as excellent; more than 200,000 but less than 1,200,000, classified as good; and more than 1,200,000, classified as unacceptable. This evaluation used the deviation from the standard zebra stripe line width as the measure of reflective distortion. The evaluation results are shown together with the values ​​of Tout, Tin, and T / Rin. Figure 3 .

[0141] (Evaluation 2)

[0142] Contrast evaluation was performed on the laminated glass used for evaluation prepared in Examples 1 to 8. Specifically, the laminated glass was installed in the sunroof of a motor vehicle, and the contrast was confirmed when the dimming element 15 was turned off / on, viewed from the rear seat in a diagonally forward direction. Ten evaluators with visual acuity of 1.5 or better were selected. A result where all evaluators felt the contrast was sufficient was recorded as "Good," and a result where even one evaluator felt the contrast was insufficient was recorded as "Unacceptable." Furthermore, within the "Good" range, a result where all evaluators felt the light-blocking effect was sufficient was recorded as "Excellent." The evaluation results, along with the values ​​of Tout, Tin, and T / Rin, are shown below. Figure 3 .

[0143] (Evaluation Results)

[0144] according to Figure 3 As a result, by satisfying the relationship Tout < Tin, severe reflection distortion when viewed from outside the vehicle can be suppressed. In particular, if Tout is below 20%, the reflection distortion becomes so small that it is not visible. Thus, the reflection distortion when viewed from outside the vehicle is less noticeable because it is aggravated by the fluctuations of the dimming layer or conductive film of the dimming element, even when the transmittance on the outside of the vehicle is lower than that of the dimming element.

[0145] In addition, according to Figure 3As a result, a certain level of contrast can be obtained when the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 10 is met. However, if T / Rin falls below 0.5 as in Example 3, sufficient contrast cannot be achieved. Thus, when the transmittance is too low, the contrast deteriorates because reflections from the interior surfaces dominate. Conversely, when the transmittance is too high, the contrast deteriorates because the dimming element has low light-blocking properties in the off state, making it difficult to distinguish the difference between the off and on states.

[0146] As described above, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship Tout < Tin and further satisfy the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 10. If these conditions are met, not only can severe reflection distortion when viewed from outside the vehicle be suppressed, but a certain degree of contrast can also be obtained. In particular, when Tin is above 60% and Tout is below 20%, and the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 10 is further satisfied, the reflection distortion when viewed from outside the vehicle becomes imperceptible, and good contrast can be obtained. Furthermore, when the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 2 is satisfied, good light-blocking properties can be obtained.

[0147] The preferred embodiments have been described in detail above, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. Various changes or substitutions may be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0148] Furthermore, the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-003539, filed on January 13, 2021, are incorporated herein by reference as a disclosure of this invention.

[0149] Symbol Explanation

[0150] 10. Laminated glass

[0151] 11, 12 glass plates

[0152] Intermediate membranes 13, 131, 132, 133

[0153] 14. Shielding layer

[0154] 15 Dimming elements

[0155] 18 Low-emissivity coating

[0156] 151, 155 substrates

[0157] 151a and 155a Support Components

[0158] 151b and 155b conductive films

[0159] 153 Dimming Layer

[0160] 156 electrodes.

Claims

1. A type of laminated glass, It is laminated glass for vehicles, and it has... The interior and exterior glass panels of the vehicle The intermediate film located between the inner glass panel and the outer glass panel of the vehicle, and The dimming element encapsulated in the intermediate film, The dimming element has a pair of substrates and a dimming layer located between the pair of substrates. The intermediate film includes an inner vehicle portion sandwiching the dimming layer located on the inside of the vehicle, and an outer vehicle portion sandwiching the dimming layer located on the outside of the vehicle. When the transmittance of the dimming element is at its lowest, the total light transmittance of the laminated glass is between 2% and 10%. The transmittance of the outer vehicle glass panel, the outer vehicle portion of the intermediate film, and the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer disposed on the outer vehicle side is defined as Tout. The transmittance of the inner vehicle glass panel, the inner vehicle portion of the intermediate film, and the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer disposed on the inner vehicle side is defined as Tin. Tout is the value obtained by multiplying the total light transmittance of the outer vehicle glass panel, the total light transmittance of the outer vehicle portion of the intermediate film, and the total light transmittance of the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer disposed on the outer vehicle side. When Tin is the value obtained by multiplying the total light transmittance of the inner vehicle glass panel, the total light transmittance of the inner vehicle portion of the intermediate film, and the total light transmittance of the substrate sandwiching the dimming layer disposed on the inner vehicle side, the relationship Tout < Tin is satisfied.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, wherein, The transmittance of the outer portion of the intermediate film is lower than that of the inner portion of the intermediate film.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The transmittance of the outer glass panel of the vehicle is lower than that of the inner glass panel of the vehicle.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The transmittance of the substrate sandwiched between the dimming layer and disposed on the outside of the vehicle is lower than that of the substrate sandwiched between the dimming layer and disposed on the inside of the vehicle.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The haze of the dimming element is above 80% when the transmittance of the dimming element is at its lowest.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The Tin content is above 30%.

7. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The Tin content is above 60%.

8. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The transmittance of the inner portion of the intermediate film is above 80%.

9. The laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The difference between Tin and Tout is greater than 20%.

10. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The thickness of the outer side glass panel is equal to the thickness of the inner side glass panel.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The thickness of the outer portion of the intermediate film is equal to the thickness of the inner portion of the intermediate film.

12. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The thickness of the substrate sandwiched between the dimming layer and disposed on the outside of the vehicle is equal to the thickness of the substrate sandwiched between the dimming layer and disposed on the inside of the vehicle.

13. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The Tout is between 0.01% and 20%.

14. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, When the total light transmittance of the laminated glass is set to T when the transmittance of the dimming element is at its lowest, and the visible light reflectance of the inner side of the vehicle interior glass panel is set to Rin, the relationship 0.5 < T / Rin < 10 is satisfied.

15. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 14, wherein, The Rin is less than 2.5%.

16. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The exterior glass panel of the vehicle does not have an infrared reflective layer or a low-emissivity coating.

17. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The substrate sandwiched between the dimming layer and disposed on the outside of the vehicle does not have an infrared reflective layer or a low-emissivity coating.

18. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The inner glass panel, the outer glass panel, the interlayer film, and at least one of the substrates have at least one of an infrared reflective layer, a low-emissivity coating, a water-repellent layer, an anti-condensation layer, and an ultraviolet blocking layer.

19. The laminated glass of claim 18, wherein, The interior side of the vehicle's interior glass panel has a low-emissivity coating.

20. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, When the visible light reflectance of the outer side of the vehicle exterior glass of the laminated glass is set to Rout, which is the state in which the transmittance of the dimming element is at its lowest, Rout is less than 8%.

21. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The dimming layer is selected from any one of the following: suspended particle device, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, polymer-networked liquid crystal, guest-host effect liquid crystal, and electrochromic device.

22. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The surfaces of the substrates that are in contact with the dimming layer have a transparent barrier layer.

23. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 22, wherein, The transparent barrier layer is a layer containing SiO2, silicon nitride, polyurethane, polyurethane acrylate, or acrylic acid with a film thickness of less than 1000 nm.

Images