Staple sliver spread type high proportion core material covered spinning device and method

Abstract

This invention provides a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers to coat a high proportion of core material, including a material feeding unit, a high-content coating unit, and a yarn winding unit. The spreading rollers of the high-content coating unit use negative pressure to spread the short fiber slivers fed from the short fiber sliver spreading and feeding unit into a wide fiber strip. This wide fiber strip then tightly wraps the core material fed from the core material feeding unit to form a core-spun yarn. This invention achieves tight wrapping of the core material by the wide fiber strip through negative pressure spreading of the short fiber slivers into a wide fiber strip using the high-content coating unit, combined with the material feeding unit and the yarn winding unit. This results in a core-spun yarn with good coating effect and a high core material content, maximizing the utilization of short fibers and reducing the production cost of core-spun yarn. It also solves the problems of core exposure and low core material content in traditional ring-spun core-spun yarn. This apparatus enables high-speed industrial spinning, and the produced core-spun yarn has good overall performance and high market application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile technology, and in particular to a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material. Background Technology

[0002] Core-spun yarn is a type of yarn composed of two or more fibers. Staple fiber core-spun yarn, by combining the outer layer of short fibers with the core yarn, allows each fiber to exert its own advantages, optimizing the yarn's structure and properties by maximizing strengths and minimizing weaknesses. This makes staple fiber core-spun yarn products very popular. In staple fiber core-spun yarn, besides the degree to which the short fibers cover the core yarn, the volume fraction of the core yarn also significantly impacts its performance. The core yarn fraction is thus a crucial indicator for evaluating the performance of core-spun yarn.

[0003] Currently, my country's textile industry mostly uses ring spinning to produce core-spun yarn. For example, invention patent (application number CN201410333454.0) discloses a ring spinning composite spinning device and method. In this method, roving is fed into the drafting zone, while the core yarn is simultaneously fed in from the middle of the front nip in the single drafting zone. After drafting, the roving sliver and core yarn output from the front nip all enter the V-groove on the gathering wheel. The yarn exiting from the V-groove on the gathering wheel passes through the V-groove adjusting wheel, then through the guide hook and the traveler, and is wound onto the yarn tube to produce core-spun yarn. In this method, the roving sliver and core yarn are combined through a gathering and twisting process, making the resulting core-spun yarn prone to core leakage, and the core yarn percentage is difficult to increase, generally remaining below 15%.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, an invention patent (application number CN 202111337262.3) discloses a core-spun spinning device and a novel core-spun spinning method with full core coverage. This method involves adding an auxiliary core-spun device between the front roller nip and the yarn guide hook on a conventional ring spinning machine. The auxiliary core-spun device includes a first yarn path for transmitting the outer layer material, a second yarn path for transmitting the core layer material, and a wrapping point for wrapping and converging. During the spinning process, the short fiber sliver and the filament form a "Y"-shaped twisted structure with the filament in a straightened state. The filament remains straight at the wrapping point, and the short fiber sliver wraps around the outer layer of the filament at the wrapping point due to the twisting rotation of the filament and its own partial twist, thus forming a core-spun yarn with excellent coverage. However, in actual high-speed spinning processes in factories, the auxiliary core-sizing device of this core-spun spinning apparatus often experiences aggregation and contraction of short fiber slivers within the constraint channel due to the pulling effect of spinning tension and the squeezing effect of the sidewalls of the constraint channel. This reduces the area of ​​the slivers covering the core filament, thereby limiting the proportion of the core filament (the proportion of the core filament under excellent coverage is less than 55%, which is difficult to further increase), and reducing the tightness and coverage. In addition, during high-speed spinning, short fiber accumulation and entanglement may occur in the auxiliary core-sizing device, causing machine failure, reduced production efficiency, and uneven structure and poor quality of the prepared core-spun yarn. Furthermore, when short fiber slivers break in the auxiliary core-sizing device, the device increases the difficulty of repair for workers.

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved core-spun yarn device and method for tightly wrapping a high proportion of core material with short fiber slivers to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material. This apparatus uses a high-content covering unit to spread the short fiber slivers under negative pressure to form a wide fiber strip. Combined with a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit, the wide fiber strip tightly wraps the core material, resulting in core-spun yarn with good covering effect and a high proportion of core material. This maximizes the utilization of short fibers, reduces the raw material cost of core-spun yarn, and solves the problems of exposed core and low core material content in traditional ring-spun core-spun yarn.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material. The spinning apparatus includes a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit. The material feeding unit includes a core material feeding unit and a short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit. A high-content covering unit is provided between the material feeding unit and the yarn winding unit. The high-content covering unit includes a fiber spreading roller, a front roller opposite to the fiber spreading roller, and a yarn guiding assembly. The fiber spreading roller applies negative pressure to spread the short fiber sliver fed from the short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit to form a wide fiber belt. The wide fiber belt tightly wraps the core material fed from the core material feeding unit, and the resulting core-spun yarn is conveyed to the yarn winding unit by the yarn guiding assembly.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the fiber spreading roller includes a central shaft, a roller body, and a negative pressure suction control module disposed inside the roller body. The negative pressure suction control module is fixedly disposed on the central shaft of the fiber spreading roller. The surface of the roller body is provided with uniformly distributed mesh holes, which only allow airflow to pass through and have the function of supporting and transporting the short fiber slivers. The negative pressure suction control module adsorbs the short fiber slivers with negative pressure onto the surface of the mesh holes to form a negative pressure fiber spreading zone.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the negative pressure suction control module includes a negative pressure suction port, which is arranged facing the mesh opening; the air outlet of the negative pressure suction port is of equal width or has a shape that gradually widens from narrow along the conveying direction of the short fiber sliver, so as to realize the unfolding of the short fiber sliver.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the width of the negative pressure air intake is 5-10 mm, and the width of the narrowest part of the negative pressure air intake is 5-7 mm.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the yarn guide assembly is disposed on the surface of the fiber spreading roller, the yarn guide assembly is provided with a heating groove, and the core-spun yarn forms a conveying path between the fiber spreading roller and the yarn guide assembly by means of the heating groove; the heating groove positions the yarn forming path of the core-spun yarn; the temperature of the heating groove is 100-200℃.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the heating groove is positioned on the yarn guide assembly to ensure that the angle remains unchanged when the short fiber sliver is input into the high-content coating unit and the wide fiber belt is conveyed in the high-content coating unit; the position of the yarn guide assembly perpendicular to the yarn forming path is adjustable to adjust the tension of the core-spun yarn on the fiber spreading roller, while eliminating yarn lateral movement caused by airflow, making the structure of the core-spun yarn more stable.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit includes, in sequence along the roving feeding direction, a trumpet mouth, a rear roller, a rear slip roller, a middle roller, and a middle slip roller; after the roving is drafted into short fiber sliver by the short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit, it is held by the middle roller and the middle slip roller and conveyed to the spacer roller and the front slip roller of the high content coating unit.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the core material feeding unit includes a guide roller for changing the angle of the core material; the core material is guided by the guide roller and fed into the high-content coating unit at a certain angle from the nip between the front roller and the spreading roller, and merges with the wide fiber strip on the surface of the negative pressure spreading zone at a certain angle in the wrapping zone. The rotation of the core material drives the wide fiber strip to wrap around the outer layer of the core material to form a core-spun yarn.

[0015] The present invention also provides a spinning method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material. The method uses the spinning device described in any one of the above-mentioned methods to prepare core-spun yarn. The short fiber slivers are spread under negative pressure using a high-content covering unit to form a spread wide fiber strip with a certain width and parallelism. The wide fiber strip tightly wraps the core material to obtain core-spun yarn.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the core-spun yarn method is as follows:

[0017] The short fiber sliver drawing and feeding unit draws the roving into short fiber slivers and conveys them to the fiber spreading roller of the high content coating unit. The short fiber slivers are adsorbed onto the surface of the roller body through the mesh holes by the negative pressure suction control module, forming a wide fiber belt in the negative pressure fiber spreading zone. The wide fiber belt is conveyed forward as the fiber spreading roller runs.

[0018] Meanwhile, the core material is guided by the guide roller and fed into the high-content covering unit at a certain angle from the nip between the front skin roller and the fiber spreading roller. It merges with the wide fiber belt at a certain angle in the wrapping area. The core material rotates and drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material to form a core-spun yarn.

[0019] The core-spun yarn uses the heating groove of the yarn guide assembly to position the yarn path and eliminate the yarn lateral movement caused by airflow; the yarn guide assembly transports the core-spun yarn to the yarn guide hook of the yarn winding unit, where it is wound onto the yarn tube by a high-speed rotating steel wire ring on the yarn guide plate, completing the spinning process of spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the distance between the wrapping area and the jaws between the front roller and the spreading roller is greater than the fiber length of the short fiber sliver, so as to wrap the short fiber sliver around the outer layer of the core material by utilizing the rotation of the core material; the core material is at a certain distance from the short fiber sliver at the feeding position of the spreading roller, and the distance between the core material and the short fiber sliver is preferably 2 to 5 mm.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the angle between the core material and the wide fiber tape in the wrapping area is 5° to 65°.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention provides a spinning device for spreading short fiber slivers and coating a high-proportion core material, comprising a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit, with a high-content coating unit located between the two. By using the high-content coating unit to spread the short fiber slivers under negative pressure to form a wide fiber strip, and in conjunction with the material feeding unit and yarn winding unit, the wide fiber strip tightly wraps the core material, resulting in core-spun yarn with excellent coating effect and a core material content as high as 60%–80%. This maximizes the utilization of short fibers, reduces the raw material cost of core-spun yarn, and solves the problems of core exposure and low core material content in core-spun yarn on ring spinning machines. Through the coordinated operation of each unit, this device can be applied in industry, achieving high-speed industrial spinning, and the produced core-spun yarn has good overall performance and a wide range of market applications.

[0024] 2. In the high-content coating unit of this invention, the fiber-spreading roller is hollow and equipped with a negative pressure suction control module. The surface of the roller body has uniformly distributed mesh holes. The negative pressure suction control module adsorbs short fiber slivers onto the surface of the fiber-spreading roller through the mesh holes to support and transport the short fiber slivers without applying any twist. Simultaneously, under the micro-vibration of the fiber-spreading roller and the guided spreading effect of the airflow through the negative pressure mesh holes, fiber spreading is achieved, forming a wide, spreadable fiber strip with a certain width, high fiber parallelism, and uniform fiber distribution. After the wide fiber strip merges with the core material in the wrapping area, it uniformly wraps around the core material surface using the core material's rotation, forming a tightly wrapped core-spun yarn. This invention, by utilizing the negative pressure suction control module, not only increases the holding force of the fiber-spreading roller on the short fiber slivers but also reduces the fuzz on the surface of the formed core-spun yarn, without creating any twist on the short fiber slivers, which is beneficial for forming a uniform fiber strip on the surface of the fiber-spreading roller. This invention increases the core material content of core-spun yarn to 60%–80% by first forming a wide fiber strip from short fiber slivers and then covering it with core material, while saving the amount of roving used and reducing the preparation cost of core-spun yarn.

[0025] 3. In the core-spun spinning method of the present invention, after being guided by the guide roller, the core material enters the nip between the front roller and the spreading roller at a certain distance from the short fiber sliver. It then merges with the wide fiber belt conveyed forward by the spreading roller at a certain angle in the wrapping area. The rotation of the core material drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material, forming a core-spun yarn with a uniform coating structure. This method also avoids the problem of the twist of the bottom yarn being transmitted to the short fiber sliver, causing it to self-twist and preventing the short fiber sliver from unfolding to form the wide fiber belt. Furthermore, the distance between the wrapping area and the nip between the front roller and the spreading roller is greater than the fiber length of the short fiber sliver, allowing for better utilization of the core material's rotation to wrap it around the outer layer. The high-speed rotation of the core material also produces a certain drafting effect on the short fiber sliver, further improving the yarn quality of the core-spun yarn.

[0026] 4. The core-spun spinning device of the present invention only requires modification of the high-content coating unit on a conventional ring spinning device to achieve the spreading of short fiber slivers. The angle of the core material feeding mechanism, the distance and the included angle between the core material and the short fiber slivers can be adjusted to achieve the effect of tightly wrapped high-content yarn by spreading short fiber slivers. The device has low modification cost, wide application range, and good industrial application value. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spinning device for spreading short fiber slivers and covering a high proportion of core material according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the local structure of medium-to-high content coating units.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the high-content coating unit of the core-spun spinning device in Example 1.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spinning method of the present invention, in which short fiber slivers are spread out and coated with a high proportion of core material.

[0031] Figure 5 This is an example of the shape of the mesh hole in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 6 .a) and Comparative Example 1 ( Figure 6 b) Micrograph of the prepared polyester-cotton core-spun yarn.

[0033] Figure 7 This is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 .a) and Comparative Example 2( Figure 7 b) Micrograph of the prepared basalt / polyester / cotton core-spun yarn.

[0034] Figure Labels

[0035] S1-Roving; S11-Short fiber sliver; S2-Core material; S3-Core-spun yarn; 110-Core material feeding unit; 111-Guide roller; 120-Short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit; 121-Flare mouth; 122-Rear roller; 123-Rear top roller; 124-Middle roller; 125-Middle top roller; 200-High content coating unit; 210-Spreading roller; 211-Roller body; 212-Mesh hole; 213-Negative pressure suction control module; 214-Negative pressure spreading zone; 215-Wrapping zone; 216-Negative pressure suction port; 220-Front top roller; 230-Yarn guide assembly; 231-Heating groove; 300-Yarn winding unit; 310-Yarn guide hook; 320-Steel wire traveler; 330-Branch plate; 340-Yarn tube. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0038] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a spinning device for spreading short fiber slivers and covering a high proportion of core material includes a material feeding unit 100 and a yarn winding unit 300. The material feeding unit 100 includes a core material feeding unit 110 and a short fiber sliver stretching feeding unit 120. A high content covering unit 200 is provided between the material feeding unit 100 and the yarn winding unit 300. The high content covering unit 200 includes a fiber spreading roller 210, a front roller 220 opposite to the fiber spreading roller 210, and a yarn guiding assembly 230. The fiber spreading roller 210 applies negative pressure to spread the short fiber sliver S11 conveyed from the short fiber sliver stretching feeding unit 120 to form a wide fiber belt. The wide fiber belt tightly wraps the core material S2 conveyed from the core material feeding unit 110, and the resulting core-spun yarn S3 is conveyed to the yarn winding unit 300 by the yarn guiding assembly 230.

[0041] This core-spun yarn device uses a high-content coating unit 200 to apply negative pressure to spread short fiber slivers S11, forming a wide fiber belt. Combined with a material feeding unit 100 and a yarn winding unit 300, this achieves tight wrapping of the core material S2 by the wide fiber belt, resulting in core-spun yarn S3 with excellent coating effect and a core material S2 content as high as 60%–80%. This maximizes the utilization of short fibers, reduces the raw material cost of core-spun yarn S3, and solves the problems of core exposure and low core material content in traditional ring spinning machines. Through the coordinated operation of its units, this device can be applied in industry, achieving high-speed industrial spinning. The resulting core-spun yarn S3 exhibits good overall performance and has great market application potential.

[0042] Please see Figures 2-3 As shown, the fiber spreading roller 210 includes a central shaft, a roller body 211, and a negative pressure suction control module 213 disposed inside the roller body 211. The negative pressure suction control module 213 is fixedly disposed on the central shaft of the fiber spreading roller and does not rotate with the fiber spreading roller 210. The surface of the roller body 211 is provided with uniformly distributed mesh holes 212, which only allow airflow to pass through and have the function of supporting and transporting the short fiber sliver S11. The negative pressure suction control module 213 adsorbs the short fiber sliver S11 with negative pressure onto the surface of the mesh holes 212, forming a negative pressure fiber spreading zone 214. The present invention utilizes the negative pressure suction control module 213 to not only increase the holding force of the fiber spreading roller 210 on the short fiber sliver S11, but also reduce the fuzz on the surface of the formed core-spun yarn S3, and does not form any twist on the short fiber sliver S11, which is conducive to forming a uniform fiber strip on the surface of the fiber spreading roller 210. This invention increases the core material ratio of the core-spun yarn S3 by first forming a wide fiber strip from short fiber slivers S11 and then covering it with core material S2, while saving the amount of roving S1 and reducing the preparation cost of the core-spun yarn S3.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the core material S2 is an inorganic fiber filament, an organic fiber filament, an organic / inorganic composite filament, a staple fiber yarn, or a filament / staple fiber composite yarn, etc.

[0044] Specifically, the negative pressure suction control module 213 includes a negative pressure suction port 216, which is positioned facing the mesh opening 212. The air opening of the negative pressure suction port 216 is of equal width or has a shape that gradually widens along the conveying direction of the short fiber sliver S11, so as to realize the spreading of the short fiber sliver S11. With this configuration, the short fiber sliver S11 is adsorbed onto the surface of the fiber spreading roller 210 through the mesh holes 212 by the negative pressure suction control module 213 to support and transport the short fiber sliver S11 without applying any twist to it. At the same time, the short fiber sliver S11 is spread by the guiding effect of the negative pressure airflow generated by the shape of the negative pressure suction port 216 and the micro-vibration of the fiber spreading roller 210, forming a wide fiber strip with a certain width, high fiber parallelism, and uniform fiber distribution. After the wide fiber strip merges with the core material S2 in the wrapping area 215, it is uniformly wrapped and covered on the surface of the core material S2 by the rotation of the core material S2.

[0045] Please see Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The shape of the mesh hole 212 in this invention is an example. It can be seen that the shape of the mesh hole 212 is not unique, but the shape of the negative pressure suction port 216 can be used to form a suction area that gradually widens along the conveying direction of the short fiber sliver S11. In this way, the short fiber sliver S11 is adsorbed within the suction area under the guidance of the negative pressure airflow, and spread out to form a wide fiber band with a uniform structure.

[0046] It should be noted that the diameter of the short fiber slivers output by the short fiber sliver stretching and feeding unit 120 is mostly 1 to 3 mm. Therefore, the width of the negative pressure suction port 216 is set to 5 to 10 mm, and the width of the narrowest part of the negative pressure suction port 216 is 5 to 7 mm. In this way, the short fiber slivers can be better stretched in the negative pressure fiber spreading zone 214 on the surface of the display roller 210, without agglomeration, forming a wide fiber band with a uniform structure.

[0047] Specifically, the yarn guide assembly 230 is disposed on the surface of the fiber spreading roller 210. The yarn guide assembly 230 is provided with a heating groove 231. The temperature of the heating groove 231 is 100-200℃. The higher the modulus and the higher the glass transition or softening temperature of the short fiber used, the higher the set temperature of the heating groove 231. The core-spun yarn S3 forms a conveying path between the fiber spreading roller 210 and the yarn guide assembly 230 by utilizing the heating groove 231. The core-spun yarn S3 output from the fiber spreading roller 210 is output from the heating groove 231 of the yarn guide assembly to the yarn winding unit 300. The heating groove 231 positions the yarn forming path of the core-spun yarn S3 and can also iron and soften the surface fibers of the yarn, improving the smoothness of the yarn. The heating groove 231 is positioned on the yarn guide assembly 230 to ensure that the angle remains constant when the short fiber sliver S11 is input into the high-content covering unit 200 and the wide fiber belt is conveyed in the high-content covering unit 200. This maintains the integrity and structural uniformity of the wide fiber belt formed by the short fiber sliver S11 in the high-content covering unit 200, allowing the wide fiber belt to naturally cover the surface of the core yarn S2. By adjusting the core material S2, an angle is created between the core material S2 and the wide fiber belt, which not only facilitates the coverage of the core material S2 by the wide fiber belt but also prevents the twist of the bottom yarn from being transmitted to the short fiber sliver S11, causing it to self-twist and preventing the short fiber sliver S11 from unfolding to form the wide fiber belt. The position of the yarn guide assembly 230 perpendicular to the yarn forming path is adjustable to regulate the tension of the core-spun yarn S3 on the spreading roller 210, while eliminating yarn lateral movement caused by airflow, making the structure of the core-spun yarn S3 more stable.

[0048] Specifically, the short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit 120 includes, in sequence along the feeding direction of the roving S1, a bell mouth 121, a rear roller 122, a rear slip roller 123, a middle roller 124, and a middle slip roller 125. After the roving S1 is drafted into short fiber sliver S11 by the short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit 120, it is held by the middle roller 124 and the middle slip roller 125 and conveyed to the high content coating unit 200 between the fiber spreading roller 210 and the front slip roller 220. The core material feeding unit 110 includes a guide roller 111 for changing the angle of the core material S2. The core material S2 is guided by the guide roller 111 and fed into the high content coating unit 200 at a certain angle from the nip between the front roller 220 and the fiber spreading roller 210. It merges with the wide fiber belt on the surface of the negative pressure fiber spreading zone 214 at a certain angle in the wrapping zone 215. The core material S2 rotates and drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material S2 to form the core-spun yarn S3.

[0049] The guide roller 111 of the core material feeding mechanism 110 can change the angle of the core material S2 to control the angle between the core material S2 and the wide fiber strip in the wrapping area to be within the range of 5° to 65°, so that the wide fiber strip can better rotate and wrap around the surface of the core material S2. The short fiber sliver S11 drafting and feeding unit 120 is used to draft the roving S1 and feed the resulting short fiber sliver S11 into the high content wrapping unit 200 for negative pressure fiber spreading to form a wide fiber strip. By limiting the spacing between the short fiber slivers S11 and the core filaments S2 when they are input into the high-content coating unit 200, and limiting the position of the heating groove 231 in the yarn guide assembly 230, the wide fiber belt is conveyed in a natural state in the high-content coating unit 200 without changing the conveying angle, thus maintaining the structural integrity and uniformity of the wide fiber belt. This creates an angle between the core material S2 and the wide fiber belt, which not only facilitates the coating of the core material S2 by the wide fiber belt, but also avoids the problem of the twist of the bottom yarn being transmitted to the short fiber slivers S11, causing them to self-twist and preventing the short fiber slivers S11 from unfolding to form the wide fiber belt.

[0050] Compared with existing core-spun spinning devices, the core-spun spinning device of the present invention does not create any twist on the short fiber sliver S11, nor does it cause it to aggregate. It only uses the support of the spreading roller 210 to cover the core material S2 in the spread state. This device is suitable for high-speed ring spinning in actual factories. It does not apply excessive force to the short fiber sliver S11 during high-speed spinning, causing it to curl or aggregate, resulting in problems such as short fiber accumulation and entanglement, and forming a wide fiber belt with a uniform structure. In addition, when the short fiber sliver S11 experiences problems such as breakage, the repair is easy for workers and does not require any other unnecessary operations on the device.

[0051] Please see Figure 4 As shown, a spinning method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material involves using a spinning device for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material to prepare core-spun yarn. The high-content covering unit 200 applies negative pressure to spread the short fiber sliver S11, forming a wide fiber strip with a certain width and parallelism. This wide fiber strip tightly wraps the core material S2 to obtain core-spun yarn S3. The specific method for core-spun spinning is as follows:

[0052] The short fiber sliver drawing and feeding unit 120 draws the roving S1 into short fiber sliver S11 and conveys it to the fiber spreading roller 210 of the high content coating unit 200. The short fiber sliver S11 is adsorbed and spread on the surface of the roller body 211 by the negative pressure suction control module 213 through the mesh holes 212, forming a wide fiber belt in the negative pressure fiber spreading zone 214. The wide fiber belt is conveyed forward as the fiber spreading roller 210 runs.

[0053] At the same time, the core material S2 is guided by the guide roller 111 and input into the high content covering unit 200 at a certain angle from the nip between the front skin roller 220 and the fiber spreading roller 210. It merges with the wide fiber belt at a certain angle in the wrapping area 215. The core material S2 rotates and drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material S2, forming the core-spun yarn S3.

[0054] The core-spun yarn S3 uses the heating groove 231 of the yarn guide assembly 230 to position the yarn path and eliminate the yarn lateral movement caused by airflow; the yarn guide assembly 230 conveys the core-spun yarn S3 to the yarn guide hook 310 of the yarn winding unit 300, where it is wound onto the yarn tube 340 by the high-speed rotating steel wire ring 320 on the yarn guide plate 330, completing the core-spun spinning process of tightly wrapping the short fiber sliver with a high proportion of core material.

[0055] Specifically, the distance between the jaws of the wrapping zone 215 and the front roller 220 and the spreading roller 210 is greater than the fiber length of the short fiber sliver S11, so that the short fiber sliver S11 is wrapped around the outer layer of the core material S2 by the rotation of the core material S2; the core material S2 is at a certain distance from the short fiber sliver S11 at the feeding position of the spreading roller 210, and the distance between the core material S2 and the short fiber sliver S11 is preferably 2 to 5 mm; the angle between the core material S2 and the wide fiber belt in the wrapping zone 215 is 5° to 65°.

[0056] In this core-spun yarn method, after being guided by the guide roller 111, the core material S2 enters the nip between the front roller 220 and the spreading roller 210 at a certain distance from the short fiber sliver. It then merges with the wide fiber belt conveyed forward by the spreading roller 210 at a certain angle in the wrapping area. The rotation of the core material S2 drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material S2, forming a uniformly wrapped core-spun yarn S3. Furthermore, the distance between the wrapping area 215 and the nip between the front roller 220 and the spreading roller 210 is greater than the fiber length of the short fiber sliver S11, allowing for better utilization of the rotation of the core material S2 to wrap it around the outer layer. The high-speed rotation of the core material S2 also produces a certain drafting effect on the short fiber sliver S11, further improving the yarn quality of the core-spun yarn S3.

[0057] Please see Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 Image a shows a polyester-cotton core-spun yarn under 35x 3D microscope magnification, spun using a spinning device and method that employs a short-fiber sliver spreading technique to cover a high proportion of core material. The core material of this core-spun yarn is 162D blue polyester filament; the short-fiber sliver material is 653tex red cotton roving.

[0058] Process parameters: Spindle speed 11000 r / min; twist 104 T / 10 cm; front roller linear speed 10.58 m / min; total draft ratio 54.42; bast cotton fiber linear density 12.00 tex; back zone draft 1.25. The core material content of this core-spun yarn is 60%.

[0059] from Figure 6 As can be seen from the spinning device and method using short fiber slivers to spread and cover a high proportion of core material, in the polyester-cotton core-spun yarn, when the core material accounts for 60%, the outer red cotton fibers completely cover the blue polyester core material without any exposure; the overall yarn covering effect is good, and the parallelism of the outer covering fibers is high.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] Comparative Example 1 provides a core-spun yarn apparatus and method. The apparatus is a conventional ring spinning apparatus, and the method involves gathering short fiber slivers around the core yarn and twisting them to obtain core-spun yarn. The core-spun yarn material and process parameters used are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Please see Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 .b shows polyester-cotton core-spun yarn under 35x 3D microscope magnification, spun using a conventional ring spinning device. Figure 6 As can be seen from b, the core-spun yarn has poor structural uniformity, and the blue polyester filaments are severely exposed.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment provides a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers and covering a high proportion of core material. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that the core material is a basalt filament and flame-retardant polyester filament twisted together, with a linear density of 48 tex; the core material accounts for 80% of the core-spun yarn. The rest is roughly the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 provides a core-spun yarn apparatus and method. The apparatus is a conventional ring spinning apparatus, and the method involves gathering short fiber slivers around the core yarn and twisting them to obtain core-spun yarn. The core-spun yarn material and process parameters used are the same as those in Example 2.

[0066] Please see Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 .a is a basalt / polyester / cotton core-spun yarn spun under 35x 3D microscope magnification, produced by a spinning device and method that uses a short fiber sliver to spread and cover a high proportion of core material. Figure 7 .b shows basalt / polyester / cotton core-spun yarn under 35x 3D microscope magnification, spun using a conventional ring spinning device. Figure 7It can be seen that in Comparative Example 2, the outer layer fibers of conventional ring-spun core-spun yarn cannot completely cover the core yarn, resulting in severe exposure.

[0067] The core-spun yarns prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were compared in terms of core yarn ratio and mechanical properties. The results are shown in the table below.

[0068] Table 1. Comparison of the performance of core-spun yarns in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 1, the core-spun yarns spun using the spinning apparatus and method of spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material in Examples 1 and 2, compared with core-spun yarns spun by conventional ring spinning, can significantly increase the core filament ratio of the core-spun yarn, reaching as high as 80%, while ensuring good core-spun yarn coverage and no core leakage. Furthermore, the core-spun yarns spun using the spinning apparatus and method of spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material have a yarn structure closer to the ideal core-spun yarn structure, with the core filament bearing the force during stretching. In contrast, the core-spun yarns spun by conventional ring spinning have a yarn structure similar to serofir yarn, with severely exposed core material. During stretching, the core filament and short fiber share the force, resulting in greater shear force on the core filament. Therefore, the yarn breaking strength in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is lower than that in the corresponding Examples 1 and 2, while the breaking elongation is higher.

[0072] In summary, the present invention provides a spinning apparatus and method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material, including a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit. The material feeding unit includes a core material feeding unit and a short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit. A high-content covering unit is provided between the material feeding unit and the yarn winding unit. The high-content covering unit includes a fiber spreading roller, a front roller opposite to the fiber spreading roller, and a yarn guiding assembly. The fiber spreading roller applies negative pressure to spread the short fiber slivers conveyed from the short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit to form a wide fiber belt. The wide fiber belt tightly wraps the core material conveyed from the core material feeding unit, and the resulting core-spun yarn is conveyed to the yarn winding unit by the yarn guiding assembly. This invention utilizes a high-content coating unit to apply negative pressure to spread short fiber slivers into a wide fiber ribbon. Combined with a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit, this achieves tight wrapping of the core material by the wide fiber ribbon, resulting in core-spun yarn with excellent coating effect and a core material content as high as 60%–80%. This maximizes the utilization of short fibers, reduces the raw material cost of core-spun yarn, and solves the problems of core exposure and low core material content in ring spinning machines. Through the coordinated operation of its units, this device can be applied in industry, enabling high-speed industrial spinning, and the produced core-spun yarn exhibits good overall performance and high market value.

[0073] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spinning apparatus for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material, comprising a material feeding unit and a yarn winding unit, characterized in that, The material feeding unit includes a core material feeding unit and a short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit; a high-content coating unit is provided between the material feeding unit and the yarn winding unit, the high-content coating unit includes a fiber spreading roller, a front skin roller arranged opposite to the fiber spreading roller, and a yarn guiding assembly; the fiber spreading roller applies negative pressure to spread the short fiber sliver conveyed from the short fiber sliver drafting feeding unit to form a wide fiber belt, the wide fiber belt tightly wraps the core material conveyed from the core material feeding unit, and the formed core-spun yarn is conveyed to the yarn winding unit by the yarn guiding assembly; The fiber spreading roller includes a central shaft, a roller body, and a negative pressure suction control module disposed inside the roller body. The negative pressure suction control module is fixedly disposed on the central shaft of the fiber spreading roller. The surface of the roller body is provided with uniformly distributed mesh holes, which only allow airflow to pass through and have the function of supporting and transporting the short fiber slivers. The negative pressure suction control module adsorbs the short fiber slivers with negative pressure onto the surface of the mesh holes, forming a negative pressure fiber spreading zone. The negative pressure suction control module includes a negative pressure suction port, which is positioned facing the mesh opening. The air opening of the negative pressure suction port has a shape that gradually widens along the conveying direction of the short fiber sliver to achieve the unfolding of the short fiber sliver. The width of the negative pressure suction port is 5-10 mm. The shape of the mesh holes forms a suction area that gradually widens along the conveying direction of the short fiber sliver, according to the shape of the negative pressure suction port. The yarn guide assembly is disposed on the surface of the fiber spreading roller. The yarn guide assembly is provided with a heating groove. The core-spun yarn forms a conveying path between the fiber spreading roller and the yarn guide assembly using the heating groove. The heating groove positions the yarn forming path of the core-spun yarn. The temperature of the heating groove is 100-200℃.

2. The spinning apparatus for spreading short fiber slivers and coating a high proportion of core material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating groove is positioned on the yarn guide assembly to ensure that the angle remains unchanged when the short fiber sliver is input into the high-content coating unit and the wide fiber belt is conveyed in the high-content coating unit; the position of the yarn guide assembly perpendicular to the yarn forming path is adjustable to adjust the tension of the core-spun yarn on the fiber spreading roller, while eliminating yarn lateral movement caused by airflow, making the structure of the core-spun yarn more stable.

3. The spinning apparatus for spreading short fiber slivers and coating a high proportion of core material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit includes, in sequence along the roving feeding direction, a trumpet mouth, a rear roller, a rear slip roller, a middle roller, and a middle slip roller; after the roving is drafted into short fiber sliver by the short fiber sliver drafting and feeding unit, it is held by the middle roller and the middle slip roller and conveyed to the spacer roller and the front slip roller of the high content coating unit.

4. The spinning apparatus for spreading short fiber slivers and covering a high proportion of core material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core material feeding unit includes a guide roller for changing the angle of the core material; the core material is guided by the guide roller and fed into the high-content coating unit at a certain angle from the nip between the front roller and the spreading roller, and merges with the wide fiber strip on the surface of the negative pressure spreading zone at a certain angle in the wrapping zone. The rotation of the core material drives the wide fiber strip to wrap around the outer layer of the core material to form a core-spun yarn.

5. A spinning method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material, characterized in that, The core-spun yarn is prepared by using a spinning device that unfolds and covers a high proportion of core material with short fiber slivers as described in any one of claims 1 to 4. The short fiber slivers are unfolded under negative pressure using a high-content covering unit to form an unfolded wide fiber strip with a certain width and parallelism. The wide fiber strip tightly wraps the core material to obtain the core-spun yarn.

6. The spinning method for spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The core-spun yarn method is as follows: The short fiber sliver drawing and feeding unit draws the roving into short fiber slivers and conveys them to the fiber spreading roller of the high content coating unit. The short fiber slivers are adsorbed onto the surface of the roller body through the mesh holes by the negative pressure suction control module, forming a wide fiber belt in the negative pressure fiber spreading zone. The wide fiber belt is conveyed forward as the fiber spreading roller runs. Meanwhile, the core material is guided by the guide roller and fed into the high-content covering unit at a certain angle from the nip between the front skin roller and the fiber spreading roller. It merges with the wide fiber belt at a certain angle in the wrapping area. The core material rotates and drives the wide fiber belt to wrap around the outer layer of the core material to form a core-spun yarn. The core-spun yarn uses the heating groove of the yarn guide assembly to position the yarn path and eliminate the yarn lateral movement caused by airflow; the yarn guide assembly transports the core-spun yarn to the yarn guide hook of the yarn winding unit, where it is wound onto the yarn tube by a high-speed rotating steel wire ring on the yarn guide plate, completing the spinning process of spreading short fiber slivers to cover a high proportion of core material.

7. The spinning method for spreading short fiber slivers and coating a high proportion of core material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distance between the wrapping area and the jaws between the front roller and the spreading roller is greater than the fiber length of the short fiber sliver, so that the short fiber sliver is wrapped around the outer layer of the core material by the rotation of the core material; the core material is at a certain distance from the short fiber sliver at the feeding position of the spreading roller, and the distance between the core material and the short fiber sliver is 2-5 mm; the angle between the core material and the wide fiber belt is 5°-65°.

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