Artillery key performance verification method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of artillery key performance verification method, 1) for full charge, strong charge and reduced charge condition, by computer simulation calculation using finite element method, respectively, the recoil velocity allowable value of recoil part is obtained when the barrel bore wear reaches the specified value due to ablation wear.2) Based on full charge, respectively, the correction coefficient of recoil velocity allowable value of recoil part under strong charge and reduced charge conditions is obtained.3) Through the principle of Doppler velocity measurement, the actual recoil velocity of recoil part is tested, and the test recoil velocity of recoil part is equivalent to full charge condition by using the correction coefficient, and the test value of recoil velocity of recoil part is obtained.4) Compare the test value of recoil velocity of recoil part with the recoil velocity allowable value of recoil part, if the test value of recoil velocity of recoil part is less than or equal to the recoil velocity allowable value of recoil part, the key performance of this artillery cannot meet the use requirements. Otherwise, the key performance of this artillery can meet the use requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for verifying the key performance of artillery, specifically, a method for verifying the key performance of artillery by real-time testing of the recoil velocity parameters of the recoil component. Technical Background

[0002] With the rapid development of modern warfare, the performance requirements for artillery weapons are becoming increasingly demanding. Artillery is required not only to fire at long range and with high accuracy, but also to fire with great force. To improve artillery power, increasing chamber pressure and projectile muzzle velocity are primary considerations. However, this results in significant bore erosion and wear within the artillery barrel, substantially altering the dynamic response parameters of the artillery.

[0003] Artillery weapons fire projectiles involving different propellant charges. These include full charges, high-pressure charges, and reduced-pressure charges. High-pressure charges have high chamber pressure and high muzzle velocity, resulting in severe erosion and wear on the barrel, significantly impacting the dynamic response parameters of the artillery. Conversely, reduced-pressure charges have relatively lower chamber pressure and muzzle velocity, causing less erosion and wear on the barrel, and thus having a smaller impact on the dynamic response parameters of the artillery. Different propellant charges have varying degrees of influence on the dynamic response parameters of the artillery.

[0004] Artillery barrel erosion wear is a complex phenomenon caused by the simultaneous action of multiple factors, including heat, mechanical, and chemical forces, on the barrel surface due to the firing of projectiles. This damage leads to a decrease in bore pressure and projectile velocity, increased projectile dispersion, reduced range and accuracy, and ultimately, the barrel becomes unusable. Artillery barrel erosion wear is a comprehensive process involving multiple aspects, and to date, it remains a challenging problem in artillery engineering practice.

[0005] When a cannon is fired, the primer is first ignited, which then ignites the gunpowder, rapidly creating a high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed gas flow, which forms the chamber pressure. The chamber pressure acts on the recoil section of the cannon as a resultant force in the chamber, which pushes the recoil section to accelerate backward along the cradle guide rail, thus forming the recoil speed response of the recoil section.

[0006] Artillery can be broadly categorized into the barrel, cradle, recoil mechanism, lifting mechanism, and carriage. During firing, the barrel recoils and returns along the cradle guide rails. The barrel is the main component of the recoil mechanism, and its recoil and return motion represents that of the recoil mechanism itself. Under the combined force of the barrel, the recoil mechanism first recoils and then returns under the influence of the recoil force. During firing, as the number of projectiles increases, the bore diameter of the barrel increases due to ablation and wear. With a fixed propellant charge, an increase in the barrel bore diameter leads to a decrease in chamber pressure, resulting in a decrease in the combined force of the barrel. The recoil of the recoil mechanism is caused by the combined force of the barrel; as the combined force decreases, the recoil velocity of the recoil mechanism also decreases. For a given artillery piece, a higher recoil velocity in the recoil mechanism results in a higher muzzle velocity; conversely, a lower recoil velocity results in a lower muzzle velocity.

[0007] Predicting the dynamic response parameters of artillery is often done under the condition of full charge. If the recoil velocity of the recoil portion of the artillery is used, how can the dynamic response parameters of artillery be predicted for different charge numbers? The method of this invention will propose a solution.

[0008] The artillery involved in the method of this invention mainly refers to large-caliber artillery. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the issue of verifying key performance characteristics of artillery, a method for verifying key performance characteristics of artillery is proposed. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Using the finite element method and computer simulation, under full-charge, high-charge, and reduced-charge conditions, simulated values ​​of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion are obtained when the bore wear caused by ablation reaches a specified value. These simulated recoil velocities are defined as the permissible recoil velocities. 2) Based on the full-charge condition, correction coefficients are obtained for the permissible recoil velocities under high-charge and reduced-charge conditions. 3) Using the Doppler velocity measurement principle, the actual recoil velocity of the artillery is tested. The corrected coefficients are then used to approximate the tested recoil velocity to the full-charge condition, and the approximate recoil velocity is defined as the tested recoil velocity value. 4) The tested recoil velocity value is compared with the permissible recoil velocity value. If the tested recoil velocity value is less than or equal to the permissible recoil velocity value, the key performance characteristics of the artillery no longer meet the operational requirements. As the number of projectiles increases, the erosion and wear inside the barrel gradually become more severe, the diameter of the barrel gradually increases, the chamber pressure gradually decreases, and the recoil speed of the recoil section decreases.

[0010] The method for verifying the key performance of artillery has significant advantages. 1) It proposes a solution for verifying the key performance of artillery with different propellant charges; 2) It establishes a correction coefficient formula, which can equate the recoil velocity test values ​​of different propellant charges to the full-charge condition. The method is simple, convenient, practical, and accurate; 3) For a batch of artillery pieces of the same caliber and model, only one standard artillery piece is selected. Through computer simulation calculations, the recoil velocity of the recoil portion when the key performance of the standard artillery piece fails to meet the usage requirements, and the corresponding correction coefficient, are determined. Then, for other artillery pieces of the same caliber and model (referred to as test artillery pieces), regardless of the number of projectiles fired, as long as actual testing is conducted, the recoil velocity parameters of the test artillery piece can be obtained, and it can be predicted whether the key performance of the test artillery piece meets the usage requirements; 4) The method of this invention has profound significance for improving the design level of artillery weapons in my country. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a key performance verification method for artillery. In the diagram, 1 represents the projectile; 2 represents the barrel; 3 represents the cradle; 4 represents the breech; 5 represents the test line, which is the test line for the velocity sensor to aim at the measuring point on the breech, using a non-contact method to test the velocity; 6 represents the velocity sensor, which operates based on the Doppler velocity measurement principle; 7 represents the gun carriage, with position A indicating the location of the recoil velocity measuring point on the breech. The horizontal arrow in the diagram indicates the recoil direction of the barrel, which is also the recoil direction of the recoil portion and the recoil velocity direction. The artillery is positioned on a flat surface, with the barrel adjusted to a horizontal position. Position A is selected on the rear end face of the breech as the recoil velocity measuring point. The velocity sensor is placed on the ground directly behind the breech and aimed at position A. Since the breech is fixed to the barrel, the breech and barrel constitute the main body of the recoil portion; the recoil velocity of the breech represents the recoil velocity of the recoil portion. When the artillery fires, the breech recoils, and the velocity sensor uses a non-contact method to test the breech recoil velocity, obtaining the recoil velocity of the recoil portion. The recoil speed of the rear section changes over time. After data processing, the maximum recoil speed of the rear section is found. The maximum recoil speed of the rear section is defined as the measured recoil speed value of the rear section.

[0012] This invention relates to standard artillery and test artillery. The standard artillery has an allowable recoil velocity value for its recoil portion, while the test artillery has a test recoil velocity value for its recoil portion. The test value is compared with the allowable value to determine whether the key performance characteristics of the test artillery meet the usage requirements. The standard artillery is the one with the allowable recoil velocity value determined, and the test artillery is the one with the test recoil velocity value determined. The standard artillery and the test artillery belong to the same caliber and model batch. When the recoil velocity reaches the specified value, it indicates that the key performance characteristics of the artillery no longer meet the usage requirements. Similarly, when the bore wear caused by ablation reaches the specified value, it also indicates that the key performance characteristics of the artillery no longer meet the usage requirements. The key performance characteristics of the artillery mainly refer to the recoil velocity of its recoil portion. Since the recoil velocity of the recoil portion is related to the muzzle velocity of the projectile, the key performance characteristics of the artillery also mainly refer to the muzzle velocity of the projectile.

[0013] The recoil velocity of the recoil section is highly sensitive to chamber pressure, which in turn is highly sensitive to the internal structural dimensions of the barrel. As the barrel fires projectiles, the bore diameter increases with each subsequent shot due to erosion and wear, while the chamber pressure decreases accordingly. Finite element simulation calculations or standard artillery firing tests can determine the permissible recoil velocity value of the recoil section when the key performance characteristics of the artillery fail to meet operational requirements. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The specific methods of the embodiments of the present invention are given below.

[0015] To address the issue of verifying critical performance of artillery, a method for verifying critical performance of artillery is proposed. This method involves standard artillery and test artillery. For standard artillery, the equivalent permissible value of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion is determined; for test artillery, the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion is determined. The equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion is compared with the equivalent permissible value to determine whether the critical performance of the test artillery meets the usage requirements. Standard artillery refers to artillery with a determined equivalent permissible value of recoil velocity, and test artillery refers to artillery with a determined equivalent test value of recoil velocity. Standard and test artillery belong to the same caliber and model batch. The propellant charges involved in the critical performance verification method include full charge, high charge, and reduced charge. The critical performance verification method is implemented through the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: For a full-charge propellant, firstly, internal ballistic calculations are used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure p2 when the bore wear caused by ablation reaches a specified value. Then, under the action of the simulated chamber pressure p2, the simulated recoil velocity v2 of the recoil portion is obtained through computer simulation using the finite element method. Assume the chamber volume is V1 when the barrel is new; and V2 when the bore wear caused by ablation reaches a specified value. When the bore wear caused by ablation reaches a specified value, the chamber volume will increase from V1 to V2.

[0017] Internal ballistics calculations were used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure p1 when the propellant charge was full and the chamber volume was V1. Then, under the action of the simulated chamber pressure p1, the simulated recoil velocity v1 of the recoil component was obtained through computer simulation using the finite element method.

[0018] The simulated recoil velocity v2 under full-charge conditions is defined as the equivalent allowable value of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion, denoted by the symbol... express.

[0019] For the high-powered propellant charge, firstly, under the condition of a chamber volume of V2, internal ballistics calculations are used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure p3. Then, under the action of the simulated chamber pressure p3, the finite element method is used to calculate the simulated recoil velocity v3 of the recoil portion through computer simulation.

[0020] For the reduced propellant charge, firstly, under the condition of a chamber volume of V2, internal ballistics calculations are used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure p4. Then, under the action of the simulated chamber pressure p4, the finite element method is used to calculate the simulated recoil velocity v4 of the recoil portion through computer simulation.

[0021] Step 2: Based on the full charge, obtain the correction coefficients for the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil section under the conditions of strong charge and reduced charge when the wear of the barrel bore caused by ablation and wear reaches the specified value.

[0022] For a full charge, the correction factor when the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion is v2 is:

[0023]

[0024] For a high-powered explosive charge, the correction factor for the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion being v3 is:

[0025]

[0026] For the reduced propellant charge, the correction factor is taken as v4 when the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion is v4.

[0027]

[0028] Step 3: Using the Doppler velocity measurement principle, obtain the test value of the recoil velocity of the test cannon's recoil section.

[0029] For a full charge, the recoil speed test value is recorded as v5. At this point, the equivalent test value for the recoil speed of the rear section is...

[0030] v0=k2v5 (4)

[0031] For a high-powered explosive charge, the test value of the recoil speed of the rear section is recorded as v6. At this point, the equivalent test value of the recoil speed of the rear section is...

[0032] v0=k3v6 (5)

[0033] For the reduced charge, the recoil speed test value is recorded as v7. At this point, the equivalent test value for the recoil speed is...

[0034] v0=k2v7 (6)

[0035] Step 4: Compare the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section with the equivalent permissible value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section. If the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section is less than or equal to the equivalent permissible value, then the key performance characteristics of the tested artillery piece no longer meet the usage requirements. Conversely, if the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section is greater than the equivalent permissible value, then the key performance characteristics of the tested artillery piece still meet the usage requirements.

[0036] Step 5: Prediction of key performance and technical status of artillery.

[0037] set up

[0038] Δv=v1-v2 (7)

[0039] Therefore, the key performance technical status of the test artillery is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Where Δv0 represents the remaining percentage of artillery's critical performance ranges that cannot meet the usage requirements.

[0042] The technical status of key performance of artillery includes whether the key performance of artillery can meet the usage requirements, whether it can meet the usage requirements, and the percentage of the distance at which the key performance of artillery cannot meet the usage requirements.

[0043] The second method for obtaining the equivalent permissible value of the recoil velocity is through firing. A standard artillery piece and full propellant charge are selected. The artillery fires continuously until the bore wear reaches a specified value. At this point, the recoil velocity of the recoil portion is obtained using the same velocity sensor and denoted as v2. This recoil velocity v2 is defined as the equivalent permissible value of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion.

[0044] This completes the verification of the key performance characteristics of the artillery.

[0045] Except for the different propellant charges, the equivalent test values ​​and the equivalent allowable values ​​of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion are compared under the same conditions. The equivalence principle for other propellant charge types, except for full charge, high charge, and reduced charge, is the same as described above. In the verification methods for key artillery performance, the comparison between the test values ​​and simulated values ​​of the recoil velocity of the recoil portion always selects the maximum value of the recoil velocity.

Claims

1. A method for verifying key performance characteristics of artillery, characterized in that, The critical performance verification method for artillery involves standard artillery and test artillery. For standard artillery, the equivalent permissible value of the recoil velocity is determined; for test artillery, the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity is determined. The equivalent test value of the recoil velocity is compared with the equivalent permissible value to determine whether the critical performance of the test artillery meets the usage requirements. Standard artillery refers to artillery with a determined equivalent permissible value of recoil velocity, and test artillery refers to artillery with a determined equivalent test value of recoil velocity. Standard artillery and test artillery belong to the same caliber and model batch. The propellant charges involved in the critical performance verification method include full charge, high charge, and reduced charge. The critical performance verification method for artillery is implemented through the following steps: Step 1: For a full charge, firstly, internal ballistic calculations are used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure when the wear on the barrel bore due to ablation reaches a specified value. ; Then, in the simulated chamber pressure values Under the influence of the finite element method, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil component was obtained through computer simulation. When the tube is a new tube, the volume of the medicine chamber is... The chamber volume when the wear of the barrel bore caused by ablation reaches a specified value is: When the wear inside the barrel caused by ablation reaches a specified value, the chamber volume will change from... Expand to ; A new barrel indicates a barrel that has never fired a projectile; Using internal ballistic calculations, the total propellant charge and chamber volume are obtained as follows: Simulated chamber pressure values ​​at time ; Then, in the simulated chamber pressure values Under the influence of the finite element method, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil component was obtained through computer simulation. Simulated values ​​of recoil velocity of the recoil portion under full charge conditions. Defined as the equivalent permissible value of the recoil speed of the rear section; For forced loading, firstly, in the explosive chamber with a volume of Under these conditions, internal ballistic calculations were used to obtain the simulated chamber pressure value for the high-charge propellant. Then, the simulated chamber pressure of the high-charge propellant was... Under the influence of the finite element method, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil component was obtained through computer simulation. ; Regarding the reduction in explosive charge, firstly, in the explosive charge chamber with a volume of... Under these conditions, internal ballistic calculations were used to obtain simulated chamber pressure values ​​for reduced propellant loads. ; Then, the simulated chamber pressure value of the reduced propellant charge. Under the influence of the finite element method, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil component was obtained through computer simulation. ; Step 2: Based on the full charge, obtain the correction coefficients for the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil section under the conditions of strong charge and reduced charge when the wear of the barrel bore caused by ablation and wear reaches the specified value; For a full charge, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion is taken as... The correction factor at that time is （1） For high-powered explosive charges, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion is taken as... The correction factor at that time is （2） For the reduced propellant charge, the simulated recoil velocity of the recoil portion is taken as... The correction factor at that time is （3） Step 3: Using the Doppler velocity measurement principle, a velocity sensor is used to obtain the recoil velocity test value of the recoil part of the test artillery. For a full charge, the recoil speed of the recoil portion obtained using a speed sensor is measured as follows: At this point, the equivalent test value of the recoil speed of the rear section is... （4） For high-powered explosive charges, the recoil velocity of the recoil portion, obtained using a velocity sensor, is measured as follows: At this point, the equivalent test value of the recoil speed of the rear section is... （5） For the reduced propellant load, the recoil speed of the recoil portion obtained using a speed sensor is measured as follows: At this point, the equivalent test value of the recoil speed of the rear section is... （6） Step 4: Compare the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section with the equivalent allowable value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section. If the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section is less than or equal to the equivalent allowable value, it indicates that the key performance of the test artillery can no longer meet the usage requirements; conversely, if the equivalent test value of the recoil velocity of the recoil section is greater than the equivalent allowable value, it indicates that the key performance of the test artillery can still meet the usage requirements. Step 5: Prediction of key performance and technical status of artillery; set up （7） Therefore, the key performance technical status of the test artillery is as follows: （8） in This indicates the remaining percentage of artillery's critical performance ranges that cannot meet operational requirements. This completes the verification of the key performance characteristics of the artillery.

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