Integrating sphere cold atomic clock device and implementation method

Abstract

Embodiments of the application disclose an integrating sphere cold atomic clock device and a method for implementing the same. In a specific embodiment, the device comprises, from bottom to top, a vacuum chamber, a plurality of mechanical switches and a plurality of mirrors; wherein the vacuum chamber is used to achieve cold atom preparation and obtain a plurality of cold atom groups after injection of first light; the plurality of mechanical switches are used to achieve preparation or detection of a plurality of cold atom groups interacting with microwaves by closing or opening the plurality of mechanical switches when second light is injected into the vacuum chamber; and the plurality of mirrors are used to reflect the second light to form a standing wave. The embodiment not only effectively improves the duty cycle of the intermittent sampling of the local oscillator of the integrating sphere cold atomic clock, solves the limitation of the low duty cycle on the frequency stability of the integrating sphere cold atomic clock through the Dick effect, but also has simple structure, low material and processing cost, and reasonable and easy-to-operate method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold atom frequency standard technology. More specifically, it relates to an integrating sphere cold atom clock device and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cold atom frequency standards primarily utilize the interaction between cold atoms and microwaves in their separated oscillating fields to generate a frequency discrimination curve, thereby enabling the local oscillator to output a frequency signal with high stability and accuracy. Among these, the integrating sphere cold atom clock is a novel type of miniaturized cold atom clock. It not only possesses superior performance advantages such as high stability, high accuracy, and low drift rate, but also boasts significant engineering value due to its small size, light weight, and low power consumption. Based on these advantages, it can not only serve as a ground-based clock, but also, in the microgravity environment of space, increase microwave interrogation time by approximately half an order of magnitude. Therefore, the performance of the integrating sphere cold atom clock can be further improved under microgravity conditions, providing high-precision time signals for next-generation satellite navigation systems. Thus, it fundamentally determines the accuracy of navigation, positioning, and timing in my country's future navigation and positioning systems, affecting the overall service performance of the system. Its role will be indispensable, and the development needs are self-evident; further improving its performance indicators will be of great significance to satellite navigation systems. Furthermore, the integrating sphere cold atom clock will also be used in my country's future deep space exploration and Earth-Moon space time and frequency systems, similarly providing high-precision time signals and determining my country's future space exploration capabilities. In summary, improving the performance of integrating sphere cold atom clocks will be of great significance to my country's aerospace industry.

[0003] Currently, facing the urgent high-precision performance requirements of integrating sphere cold atom clocks for the aforementioned major projects and their spaceborne engineering needs, the development trend of integrating sphere cold atom clocks can be summarized in two aspects: firstly, continuously improving accuracy indicators through the adoption of new principles and methods; and secondly, compressing engineering characteristics through new technologies to achieve ultra-miniature engineering prototypes. Currently, high-precision performance, especially frequency stability as a core accuracy characteristic, is a crucial scientific issue, determining the basic service capabilities and space exploration capabilities of these major projects. However, the current main problem with integrating sphere cold atom clocks is the relatively long cold atom preparation time within each clock cycle, resulting in a short sampling time for the local oscillator within each clock cycle. This intermittent sampling of the local oscillator with a low duty cycle causes downconversion of noise at integer multiples of the local oscillator clock cycle frequency, limiting further improvements in the frequency stability of the fountain clock. This frequency limiting process is generally referred to as the Dick effect. Currently, the low duty cycle problem in the Dick effect is a technical bottleneck restricting further improvements in frequency stability, which means that integrating sphere cold atom clocks cannot meet the broader and deeper development and application needs of the aforementioned major projects in the future.

[0004] Given the distinct application scenarios of integrating sphere cold atom clocks, research on improving their duty cycle is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new solutions and technologies to overcome technical bottlenecks, fill development gaps, and promote their application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrating sphere cold atom clock device and its implementation method to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides an integrating sphere cold atom clock device, which includes a vacuum chamber, a plurality of mechanical switches, and a plurality of reflectors arranged sequentially from bottom to top; wherein

[0008] The vacuum chamber is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain multiple laser-cooled cold atom clusters after the injection of the first type of light;

[0009] The plurality of mechanical switches are used to prepare or detect a plurality of cold atom clusters that interact with microwaves by turning the plurality of mechanical switches on or off when the second type of light is injected into the vacuum chamber.

[0010] The plurality of mirrors are used to reflect the second type of light to form a standing wave.

[0011] Optionally, the vacuum chamber includes a cylindrical integrating sphere and a first cylindrical microwave cavity and a second cylindrical microwave cavity disposed on the cylindrical integrating sphere.

[0012] Optionally, the plurality of mechanical switches includes at least a first mechanical switch and a second mechanical switch; wherein

[0013] The first mechanical switch is positioned above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity;

[0014] The second mechanical switch is located above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity.

[0015] Optionally, the plurality of reflectors includes at least a first reflector and a second reflector; wherein

[0016] The first reflector is positioned above the first mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity;

[0017] The second reflector is positioned above the second mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity.

[0018] Optionally, the lower end face of the cylindrical integrating sphere is uniformly provided with a plurality of first light-transmitting holes and a plurality of second light-transmitting holes; wherein

[0019] The plurality of first light-transmitting holes are used to inject cooling light and re-pumping light and pumping light;

[0020] The plurality of second light-transmitting holes are used for injecting push light and probe light.

[0021] Optionally, the plurality of first light-transmitting holes includes at least two first light-transmitting holes, and the plurality of second light-transmitting holes includes at least two second light-transmitting holes; wherein

[0022] The line connecting the two first light-transmitting holes is perpendicular to the line connecting the two second light-transmitting holes.

[0023] Optionally, the cylindrical integrating sphere is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster after laser cooling when cooling light and re-pump light and pump light are injected.

[0024] Optionally, the first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are used to share the cold atoms and form a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster that interact with microwaves respectively by pushing light at different positions.

[0025] Optionally, the first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are also used to detect the first cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave and the second cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave by absorbing probe light at different positions.

[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for implementing an integrating sphere cold atom clock device, the method comprising:

[0027] Using a vacuum chamber, after the injection of type I light, cold atoms are prepared and multiple laser-cooled cold atom clusters are obtained;

[0028] By using multiple mechanical switches, when second-type light is injected into the vacuum chamber, multiple cold atom clusters that interact with microwaves can be prepared or detected by turning the multiple mechanical switches on or off.

[0029] Multiple mirrors are used to reflect the second type of light to form a standing wave.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] The present invention provides an integrating sphere cold atom clock device, which not only effectively improves the duty cycle of the integrating sphere cold atom clock for intermittent sampling of the local oscillator and solves the limitation of the frequency stability of the integrating sphere cold atom clock by the Dick effect due to the low duty cycle, but also has a simple and easy-to-implement structure, low material and processing costs, and a reasonable and easy-to-operate method. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of an integrating sphere cold atom clock device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the operation sequence of an integrating sphere cold atom clock device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, further explains the invention. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Given the distinct application scenarios of integrating sphere cold atom clocks, research on improving their duty cycle is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new solutions and technologies to overcome technical bottlenecks, fill development gaps, and promote their application.

[0037] In view of this, one embodiment of the present invention provides an integrating sphere cold atom clock device, the device comprising a vacuum chamber, a plurality of mechanical switches, and a plurality of reflectors arranged sequentially from bottom to top; wherein the vacuum chamber is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain a plurality of laser-cooled cold atom clusters after injection of a first type of light; the plurality of mechanical switches are used to prepare or detect a plurality of cold atom clusters interacting with microwaves by closing or opening the plurality of mechanical switches when a second type of light is injected into the vacuum chamber; the plurality of reflectors are used to reflect the second type of light to form standing waves.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the device, from bottom to top, mainly consists of a vacuum chamber, a cylindrical integrating sphere, two cylindrical microwave cavities, a mechanical switch, and a reflector. Specifically, it includes a left reflector 1, a right reflector 2, a left mechanical switch 3, a right mechanical switch 4, a vacuum chamber 5, a left cylindrical microwave cavity 6, a right cylindrical microwave cavity 7, a left cold atom cluster interacting with microwaves 8, a right cold atom cluster interacting with microwaves 9, a cooling light / re-pump light / pump light 10, a laser-cooled left cold atom cluster 11, a laser-cooled right cold atom cluster 12, a cylindrical integrating sphere 13, a left push light / probe light 14, a right push light / probe light 15, and a central axis 16.

[0039] This embodiment is used to eliminate the long cold atom preparation time within each clock cycle, reduce the frequency stability limitation caused by the low duty cycle in the Dick effect, solve the problem that the frequency stability of integrating sphere cold atom clocks in the prior art is difficult to further improve, and make technical reserves for the further development of high-precision integrating sphere cold atom clocks.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the vacuum chamber includes a cylindrical integrating sphere and a first cylindrical microwave cavity and a second cylindrical microwave cavity disposed on the cylindrical integrating sphere.

[0041] Specifically, the vacuum chamber 5 comprises, from bottom to top, a cylindrical integrating sphere 13, a left cylindrical microwave cavity 6 (first cylindrical microwave cavity), and a right cylindrical microwave cavity 7 (second cylindrical microwave cavity), which can provide a high-vacuum storage and preparation environment for cold atoms.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the plurality of mechanical switches includes at least a first mechanical switch and a second mechanical switch; wherein the first mechanical switch is disposed above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity; and the second mechanical switch is disposed above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the plurality of reflectors includes at least a first reflector and a second reflector; wherein the first reflector is disposed above the first mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity; and the second reflector is disposed above the second mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity.

[0044] Specifically, the left reflector 1 (first reflector), the right reflector 2 (second reflector), the left mechanical switch 3 (first mechanical switch), and the right mechanical switch 4 (second mechanical switch) are located above the vacuum chamber 5, and the left reflector 1 and the left mechanical switch 3 are coaxial with the central axis of the left cylindrical microwave cavity 6, while the right reflector 2 and the left mechanical switch 4 are coaxial with the central axis of the right cylindrical microwave cavity 7.

[0045] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first light-transmitting holes and a plurality of second light-transmitting holes are uniformly formed on the lower end face of the cylindrical integrating sphere; wherein the plurality of first light-transmitting holes are used to inject cooling light and re-pumping light and pumping light; and the plurality of second light-transmitting holes are used to inject pushing light and probe light.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the plurality of first light-transmitting holes includes at least two first light-transmitting holes, and the plurality of second light-transmitting holes includes at least two second light-transmitting holes; wherein the line connecting the two first light-transmitting holes is perpendicular to the line connecting the two second light-transmitting holes.

[0047] Specifically, four light-transmitting holes are evenly opened on the lower end face of the cylindrical integrating sphere 13, and they are perpendicular to each other in pairs. Two holes are used to inject cooling light / re-pumping light / pumping light 10, and the other two holes are used to inject left and right push light and probe light 14 and 15 respectively.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the cylindrical integrating sphere is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster after laser cooling when a cooling light or a re-pump light or pump light is injected.

[0049] Specifically, when the cooling light / re-pump light / pump light 10 is injected into the cylindrical integrating sphere 13, cold atoms can be prepared by forming an isotropic diffuse reflection light field inside it, and at the same time, the laser-cooled left cold atom cluster 11 (the first cold atom cluster after laser cooling) and the laser-cooled right cold atom cluster 12 (the second cold atom cluster after laser cooling) are obtained.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are used to share the cold atoms and form a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster that interact with microwaves respectively by pushing light at different positions.

[0051] Specifically, the left cylindrical microwave cavity 6 and the right cylindrical microwave cavity 7 can share the cold atoms generated by the cylindrical integrating sphere 13, but the cold atom clusters can be selected by pushing light at different positions.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are also used to detect the first cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave and the second cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave by absorbing probe light at different positions.

[0053] Specifically, when the left mechanical switch 3 is closed, the injected left push / probe light 14 will form a traveling wave, which will propel the laser-cooled left cold atom cluster 11 along the direction of gravity to the center of the left cylindrical microwave cavity 6, forming a left cold atom cluster 8 (the first cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave) to be interacted with the microwave. When the left mechanical switch 3 is opened, the injected left push / probe light 14 will form a standing wave, which will act as the left probe light to absorb and detect the left cold atom cluster 8 interacting with the microwave.

[0054] When the right mechanical switch 4 is closed, the injected right push / probe light 15 will form a traveling wave, which will propel the laser-cooled right cold atom cluster 12 along the direction of gravity to the center of the right cylindrical microwave cavity 7, forming a right cold atom cluster 9 (the second cold atom cluster interacting with the microwave) to be interacted with the microwave. When the right mechanical switch 4 is opened, the injected right push / probe light 15 will form a standing wave, which will act as the right probe light to absorb and detect the right cold atom cluster 9 interacting with the microwave.

[0055] This embodiment successfully separates the cold atom preparation process from the microwave interaction and detection process in space, allowing the two processes to run synchronously in time. That is, the cold atom preparation process can be decoupled from the clock cycle, successfully eliminating the long cold atom preparation time within each clock cycle. This synchronous operation can significantly improve the duty cycle of the integrating sphere cold atom clock during the intermittent sampling process of the local oscillator, thereby achieving efficient frequency discrimination of the local oscillator's output frequency.

[0056] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing an integrating sphere cold atom clock device. The method includes using a vacuum chamber to prepare cold atoms and obtain multiple laser-cooled cold atom clusters after a first type of light is injected; using multiple mechanical switches to prepare or detect multiple cold atom clusters interacting with microwaves by closing or opening the multiple mechanical switches when a second type of light is injected into the vacuum chamber; and using multiple mirrors to reflect the second type of light to form a standing wave.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, t c t is the cooling time of the diffuse reflection laser. p For the preparation time of the state, t ps For the time to push the light, τ LM t represents the interaction time of the left microwave cavity. Lp For the detection time of the left cold atom, τ RM t represents the interaction time of the right microwave cavity. Rp τ is the detection time for the right cold atom. R T is the microwave pulse interaction time. F For free evolution time, T C T represents the preparation time of cold atoms.L For left microwave interaction and detection time, T R T0 represents the right microwave interaction and detection time, and T0 is the clock period.

[0058] Based on the clock's operating period T0, the specific method is briefly described below:

[0059] Cold atom preparation stage: during diffuse reflection laser cooling time t c Inside, the atoms are first cooled to the ground state energy level by an isotropic light field formed by multiple diffuse reflections of cooling light through a cylindrical integrating sphere. During the cooling process, pump light is then used to maintain the cold atoms at that energy level. At state preparation time t... p Within the pump light, cold atoms in the upper ground state are uniformly prepared to the lower ground state, thus preparing for interaction with microwaves; at the pumping time t ps Inside, the left mechanical switch will be turned off, causing the left probe light to become a traveling wave. This means the left pusher light will push the cold atom cluster on the left side towards the upper left cylindrical microwave cavity along the direction of gravity; throughout the entire cold atom preparation time T... C In the middle, T C For t c t p and t ps The sum of the three.

[0060] It is important to note that after the cold atom cluster on the left is thrown along the direction of gravity, the next step will be the periodic preparation of cold atoms. That is, the cold atom preparation process has been spatially separated from the microwave interaction and detection process, so that the two processes can run synchronously in time.

[0061] Left Microwave Interaction and Detection Phase: After the left cold atom cluster is pushed into the upper left cylindrical microwave cavity along the direction of gravity, during the first microwave pulse interaction time τ... R Inside, a microwave oscillation field is activated, causing cold atoms to interact with the microwave field and undergo π / 2 transitions; during the free evolution time T... F Within this timeframe, when the microwave oscillation field is turned off, cold atoms will accumulate a certain phase; during the second microwave pulse interaction time τ R Within this timeframe, the microwave oscillation field is activated again, causing the cold atom to interact with the microwave field and undergo a π / 2 transition. This interaction encodes the phase information of the local oscillator in the population difference between the two ground state energy levels, facilitating detection. At the left cold atom detection time t... Lp Inside, the left mechanical switch is activated, causing the probe light to become a standing wave pair that interacts with the microwaves to detect cold atoms; during the entire interaction time τ of the left cylindrical microwave cavity... LM In the middle, τ LM For 2τ R T F and t LpThe sum of the three.

[0062] It is important to note that the detected signal, after processing, can be converted into a clock signal for closed-loop processing. Specifically, the clock signal, after being processed by the servo circuit, generates an error signal that characterizes the frequency change of the local oscillator. This error signal is further processed to form a servo signal, which, when applied to the local oscillator, compensates for the change in the local oscillator's output frequency, ultimately locking the local oscillator's output frequency to the transition frequency between the atomic ground state energy levels. It can be seen that this closed-loop processing does not occupy a clock cycle; therefore, the first clock cycle T0 can be considered as τ. LM .

[0063] Right Microwave Interaction and Detection Phase: During the left microwave interaction and detection process, the cold atom preparation process also proceeds simultaneously. Near the final moment of the left microwave interaction and detection phase, the right mechanical switch is closed, causing the right probe light to become a traveling wave. This means the right pusher light propels the right-side cold atom cluster towards the upper right cylindrical microwave cavity along the direction of gravity. Once the right-side cold atom cluster is pushed into the upper right cylindrical microwave cavity along the direction of gravity, at the first microwave pulse interaction time τ... R Inside, a microwave oscillation field is activated, causing cold atoms to interact with the microwave field and undergo π / 2 transitions; during the free evolution time T... F Within this timeframe, when the microwave oscillation field is turned off, cold atoms will accumulate a certain phase; during the second microwave pulse interaction time τ R Within this timeframe, the microwave oscillation field is activated again, causing the cold atom to interact with the microwave field and undergo a π / 2 transition. This interaction encodes the phase information of the local oscillator in the population difference between the two ground state energy levels, facilitating detection. At the right cold atom detection time t... Lp Inside, the right mechanical switch is activated, causing the probe light to become a standing wave pair to detect the cold atoms after interacting with the microwave; during the entire interaction time τ of the right microwave cavity... RM In the middle, τ RM For 2τ R T F and t Rp The sum of the three.

[0064] It should be noted that the detected signal can also be processed to form a clock signal for closed-loop processing, and this closed-loop processing does not occupy a clock cycle. Therefore, the second clock cycle T0 can be considered as τ. RM .

[0065] Periodic Left and Right Microwave Interaction and Detection Phase: After completing the left and right microwave interactions and detections sequentially, the cold atom preparation process continues to run periodically and uninterruptedly, with the left and right microwave interactions and detections alternating periodically. That is, during the periodic clock cycle, the cold atom preparation process and the microwave interaction and detection process are spatially separated, but the two processes can run synchronously in time; that is, the cold atom preparation process can operate independently of the clock cycle. This synchronous operation can significantly improve the duty cycle of the integrating sphere cold atom clock for the intermittent sampling process of the local oscillator, thereby achieving efficient frequency discrimination of the local oscillator's output frequency.

[0066] This embodiment is the first to propose an original implementation scheme for a high duty cycle integrating sphere cold atom clock. It separates the cold atom preparation process from the microwave interaction and detection process in terms of timing, successfully eliminating the long cold atom preparation time in each clock cycle. This can significantly improve the duty cycle of the integrating sphere cold atom clock for the intermittent sampling of the local oscillator and reduce the frequency stability limitation caused by the low duty cycle in the Dick effect.

[0067] The high duty cycle integrating sphere cold atom clock device and method disclosed in this embodiment can spatially separate the cold atom preparation process from the microwave interaction and detection process during periodic timing operation, so that the two processes run synchronously in time. That is, the cold atom preparation process is decoupled from the clock period timing, which greatly improves the duty cycle of the integrating sphere cold atom clock for intermittent sampling of the local oscillator, thereby achieving efficient frequency discrimination of the output frequency of the local oscillator.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0069] It should also be noted that in the description of this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0070] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrating sphere cold atom clock device, characterized in that, The device comprises, from bottom to top, a vacuum chamber, multiple mechanical switches, and multiple reflectors; wherein... The vacuum chamber is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain multiple laser-cooled cold atom clusters after the injection of the first type of light; The plurality of mechanical switches are used to prepare or detect a plurality of cold atom clusters that interact with microwaves by turning the plurality of mechanical switches on or off when the second type of light is injected into the vacuum chamber. The plurality of mirrors are used to reflect the second type of light to form a standing wave; The vacuum chamber includes a cylindrical integrating sphere and a first cylindrical microwave cavity and a second cylindrical microwave cavity disposed on the cylindrical integrating sphere; The first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are used to share the cold atoms and form a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster that interact with microwaves respectively by pushing light at different positions; The plurality of mechanical switches includes at least a first mechanical switch and a second mechanical switch; wherein The first mechanical switch is positioned above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity; The second mechanical switch is located above the vacuum chamber and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity; The plurality of reflectors includes at least a first reflector and a second reflector; wherein The first reflector is positioned above the first mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the first cylindrical microwave cavity; The second reflector is positioned above the second mechanical switch and is coaxial with the central axis of the second cylindrical microwave cavity.

2. The integrating sphere cold atom clock device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end face of the cylindrical integrating sphere has a plurality of first light-transmitting holes and a plurality of second light-transmitting holes evenly formed; wherein The plurality of first light-transmitting holes are used to inject cooling light and re-pumping light and pumping light; The plurality of second light-transmitting holes are used for injecting push light and probe light.

3. The integrating sphere cold atom clock device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of first light-transmitting holes includes at least two first light-transmitting holes, and the plurality of second light-transmitting holes includes at least two second light-transmitting holes; wherein The line connecting the two first light-transmitting holes is perpendicular to the line connecting the two second light-transmitting holes.

4. The integrating sphere cold atom clock device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylindrical integrating sphere is used to prepare cold atoms and obtain a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster after laser cooling when cooling light, re-pump light and pump light are injected.

5. The integrating sphere cold atom clock device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cylindrical microwave cavity and the second cylindrical microwave cavity are also used to detect the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster that interact with microwaves by absorbing probe light at different positions.

6. A method for implementing the integrating sphere cold atom clock device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method includes Using a vacuum chamber, after the injection of type I light, cold atoms are prepared and multiple laser-cooled cold atom clusters are obtained; By using multiple mechanical switches, when second-type light is injected into the vacuum chamber, multiple cold atom clusters that interact with microwaves can be prepared or detected by turning the multiple mechanical switches on or off. Multiple mirrors are used to reflect the second type of light to form a standing wave.

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