Atmospheric fine particulate water-soluble components and gaseous precursors on-line monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an atmospheric fine particulate water-soluble component and gaseous precursor on-line monitoring system and method, which comprises the following steps: after air samples pass through a cyclone separator, aerosol large particles are removed, then the samples enter a rotary annular wet diffusion tube, and are extracted by a trace pulse pump and sent to ion chromatography for analysis. The application installs a diffusion tube liquid level maintaining device to maintain the liquid level of the absorbing liquid within a fixed height range, so that the performance of the diffusion tube is more stable. A quantitative vapor generating device is installed, which can automatically generate vapor according to the set flow rate, ensures complete vaporization of the steam water, monitors the vapor pressure and adjusts the heating temperature in real time, installs a three-stage gas cooling device to cool the gas and collect the samples, and further reduces the temperature of the gas. Each group of sampling bottles contains a gas storage bottle and an aerosol storage bottle, so that the continuous collection and on-line analysis of gaseous pollutants and aerosols are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas monitoring technology, and in particular to an online monitoring system and method for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter. Background Technology

[0002] In order to obtain the latest atmospheric environmental data, relevant departments need to monitor the atmospheric environmental quality in real time.

[0003] In existing technologies, equipment for monitoring the atmospheric environment has limited functionality, resulting in low reliability of the acquired data and affecting subsequent experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following first technical solution:

[0006] This invention relates to an online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter, specifically including: 1. An online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter, characterized in that it includes:

[0007] The quantitative steam generator can automatically generate steam according to the set flow rate, ensuring that the steam water is completely vaporized while monitoring the steam pressure and adjusting the heating temperature in real time.

[0008] The three-stage gas cooling device further reduces the gas temperature while collecting samples, separates the condensate waste liquid, and automatically discharges it.

[0009] The diffuser level maintaining device keeps the absorbent liquid level within a fixed height range, making the diffuser performance more stable.

[0010] Aerosol collection device: used to collect aerosols;

[0011] Piping system: including piping and pump systems, used to connect the above-mentioned devices.

[0012] This invention discloses a quantitative steam generator, comprising a spiral heating tube, a heating rod, a protective sleeve, a pressure sensor, a temperature controller, and a micro-pulse pump. A heating tube positioning seat is fixedly installed at the end of the spiral heating tube, and an upper heat insulation plate and a lower heat insulation plate are respectively provided at both ends of the spiral heating tube. The heating rod has a built-in temperature sensor. The protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the spiral heating tube, enclosing the spiral heating tube inside. Heat insulation material is filled between the protective sleeve and the spiral heating tube. An evaporator lower cover is provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating rod is disposed inside the spiral heating tube, and the heating rod passes through the lower heat insulation plate, the heating tube positioning seat, the upper heat insulation plate and the protective sleeve.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper heat insulation plate and the lower heat insulation plate are fixedly connected to the heating tube positioning seat.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spiral heating tube is made of silanized 316 stainless steel tube.

[0016] A diffuser tube level maintaining device includes a diffuser tube, a support, a level detection unit, a replenishment micro-pulse pump, and a sampling micro-pulse pump. The support is provided on the outside of the diffuser tube. The level detection unit includes a level sensor, an upper support for the level sensor, an upper bracket for the level sensor, a lower bracket for the level sensor, a locking bolt for the upper bracket for the level sensor, and a locking bolt for the upper support for the level sensor. Both the diffuser tube and the level detection unit are mounted on the support.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid level sensor upper support is provided on the rear side of the liquid level sensor, a liquid level sensor upper bracket is provided on the outer side of the liquid level sensor upper support, a liquid level sensor upper support locking bolt is provided between the liquid level sensor upper bracket and the liquid level sensor upper support, a liquid level sensor lower bracket is provided on the outer side of the liquid level sensor upper bracket, and a liquid level sensor upper bracket locking bolt is provided between the liquid level sensor lower bracket and the liquid level sensor upper bracket.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower support of the liquid level sensor has an arc-shaped hole on each side, the arc of which is consistent with the arc of the inner and outer tubes of the diffuser. The upper support of the liquid level sensor slides within the arc-shaped hole, and the sliding angle is - degrees.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper support of the liquid level sensor is movably connected to the upper support locking bolt of the liquid level sensor, and there is an elongated hole on each side of the front end of the upper support of the liquid level sensor. The upper support of the liquid level sensor and the upper support of the liquid level sensor are movably connected through the upper support locking bolt of the upper support of the liquid level sensor and the elongated hole.

[0020] A three-stage gas cooling device includes a circulating water pump, a refrigeration fan and refrigeration elements, a refrigeration unit housing, a liquid level indicator tube, an oil mist cup, a drain connector, a refrigeration box, a refrigeration unit baffle, a secondary gas cooling pipe, a tertiary gas cooling pipe, a temperature sensor, a refrigerant inlet pipe, and a refrigerant outlet pipe. The refrigeration box is fixed to the refrigeration unit baffle. The gap between the refrigeration box and the refrigeration unit housing is filled with foaming agent. The temperature sensor is fixed to the top of the refrigeration box. The liquid level indicator tube is installed on one side of the refrigeration box, forming a communicating vessel structure with the refrigeration box. The refrigerant inlet pipe and the refrigerant outlet pipe are fixedly installed on the top of the refrigeration box. The secondary gas cooling pipe passes through the refrigeration box and is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the refrigeration unit baffle. The tertiary gas cooling pipe is installed at the bottom of the refrigeration unit baffle.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold side of the cooling plate on the cooling fan and the cooling plate is tightly attached to the cooling box, and the hot side is tightly attached to the cooling fan, thereby fixing the cooling fan to the outer shell of the refrigerator.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant inlet pipe is a short pipe design and the refrigerant outlet pipe is a long pipe design. The refrigerant inlet pipe and the refrigerant outlet pipe are connected to the circulating water pump to form a primary coolant circulation system.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary gas cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cooler guide plate through the refrigeration box to form a secondary sample cooling and dehumidification system.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-stage gas cooling pipe is installed at the bottom of the cooler guide plate, the three-stage cooling pipe is connected to the oil mist cup, and the oil mist cup is connected to the drain connector to form a three-stage gas-liquid separation system.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This invention maintains the absorbent liquid level within a fixed height range by installing a diffuser level maintaining device, thereby making the diffuser performance more stable.

[0027] 2: This invention, by installing a quantitative steam generator, can automatically generate steam according to a set flow rate, ensuring that the steam water is completely vaporized while monitoring the steam pressure and adjusting the heating temperature in real time.

[0028] 3: This invention uses a three-stage gas cooling device to cool the gas and collect samples, while further reducing the gas temperature, separating the condensate waste liquid and automatically discharging it.

[0029] 4. This invention uses two sets of sampling bottles to sample alternately. Each set of sampling bottles contains a gas storage bottle and an aerosol storage bottle. The sampling process and the analysis process do not interfere with each other, ensuring continuous sampling, thereby achieving the purpose of continuous collection and online analysis of gaseous pollutants and aerosols. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0031] In the attached diagram, all identical reference numerals refer to the same components.

[0032] Furthermore, detailed descriptions of known technologies are omitted if they are unnecessary to illustrate the features of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a particular component, respectively.

[0033] In the attached diagram:

[0034] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external planar structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the present invention;

[0038] In the diagram: 1-1, spiral heating tube; 1-2, heating tube positioning seat; 1-3, upper heat insulation plate; 1-4, lower heat insulation plate; 1-5, heating rod; 1-6, protective sleeve; 1-7, lower cover of evaporator.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operating components of the present invention;

[0042] In the diagram: 2-1, diffuser tube; 2-2, support; 2-3, liquid level sensor; 2-4, upper support of liquid level sensor; 2-5, upper bracket of liquid level sensor; 2-6, lower bracket of liquid level sensor; 2-7, locking bolt of upper bracket of liquid level sensor; 2-8, locking bolt of upper support of liquid level sensor.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the usage of this invention;

[0046] In the diagram: 3-1, Refrigeration fan and cooling element; 3-2, Refrigerator housing; 3-3, Liquid level indicator tube; 3-4, Oil mist cup; 3-5, Drain connector; 3-6, Refrigeration box; 3-7, Refrigerator baffle; 3-8, Secondary gas cooling pipe; 3-9, Tertiary gas cooling pipe; 3-10, Temperature sensor; 3-11, Refrigerant inlet pipe; 3-12, Refrigerant drain pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] a. During sampling, the sampling flow rate is controlled by the flow control system to be 16.67 L / min. After the air sample passes through the cyclone separator, large aerosol particles are removed.

[0051] b. The sample then enters a rotary annular wet diffuser, the core component of the gas collection device. It consists of two concentric glass tubes. A micro-pulse pump injects absorbent into the annular space of the diffuser. Driven by an external power source, the diffuser rotates around its axis, forming absorbent films on the inner and outer walls of the outer and inner tubes. The sample, driven by a pump, flows through the annular space of the diffuser in a laminar flow state. Gaseous pollutants in the sample are absorbed by the absorbent film on the tube wall, and aerosols pass through the diffuser due to inertia. A micro-pulse pump continuously extracts the absorbent containing gaseous pollutants from the diffuser at a certain flow rate and delivers it to a gas sample storage bottle. A pressure sensor measures the liquid level through a pressure measuring tube and calculates the gas sample volume. The liquid level value is stored by software. After the gas sample is collected into the gas storage bottle, it is extracted by the micro-pulse pump and sent to an ion chromatograph for analysis.

[0052] c. In the rapid aerosol collection device, aerosols are mixed with saturated water vapor generated by the steam generator in the aerosol growth chamber. Fine aerosol particles collide and grow, absorb moisture and grow larger. The grown aerosol particles enter the cyclone condenser for collection.

[0053] d. After the sample enters the cyclone condenser, the water vapor inside is in a supersaturated state under water cooling, continuously condensing and agglomerating. Fine particles act as nuclei, constantly combining with water molecules in the supersaturated atmosphere to grow. The condensed and agglomerated aqueous solution containing aerosols is extracted by a micro-pump and passed through a filter to remove insoluble particulate impurities from the sample. It is then transferred to an aerosol storage bottle. A pressure sensor measures the liquid level height through a pressure measuring tube and calculates the aerosol sample volume, which is stored by software. After the aerosol sample is collected into the aerosol storage bottle, it is extracted by a micro-pulse pump and sent to an ion chromatograph for analysis.

[0054] e. The sampling time is 60 minutes. Gaseous pollutants and aerosols are alternately introduced into the ion chromatograph. Anions and cations are analyzed simultaneously. The working cycle is 30 minutes for each. Two sets of sampling bottles are used for sampling alternately. Each set of sampling bottles contains a gas storage bottle and an aerosol storage bottle.

[0055] Specifically, the absorption efficiency of gas samples and the separation efficiency of aerosol samples are the most important indicators for judging the performance of a diffuser. The main parameters affecting the performance of a diffuser include sample flow rate, diffuser rotation speed, and absorbent liquid level. This device mainly addresses the impact of liquid level on diffuser performance. When the liquid level in the diffuser is too high, it will block aerosols from passing through the diffuser, reducing the separation efficiency of aerosol samples. When the liquid level is too low, the absorption efficiency of gas samples will decrease. The equipment is equipped with a self-developed diffuser liquid level maintaining device to keep the absorbent liquid level within a fixed height range, making the diffuser performance more stable.

[0056] The equipment is equipped with a self-developed quantitative steam generator, which can automatically generate steam according to the set flow rate, ensuring that the steam water is completely vaporized while monitoring the steam pressure and adjusting the heating temperature in real time.

[0057] Because the aerosol sample temperature is high, it needs to be cooled down significantly and rapidly to completely condense and capture the aerosol sample. After the capture is completed, the temperature and humidity of the gas sample are still too high, so it is necessary to continue to reduce the temperature and humidity to protect the power system at the back end. The equipment is equipped with a self-developed three-stage gas cooling device, which further reduces the temperature of the gas while cooling the gas and collecting the sample, and separates the condensate waste liquid and discharges it automatically.

[0058] Two sets of sampling bottles are used for alternating sampling. Each set of sampling bottles contains a gas storage bottle and an aerosol storage bottle. The sampling and analysis processes do not interfere with each other, ensuring continuous sampling and thus achieving the purpose of continuous collection and online analysis of gaseous pollutants and aerosols.

[0059] like Figure 2-4 As shown, a quantitative steam generator includes a spiral heating tube 1-1, a heating rod 1-5, a protective sleeve 1-6, a pressure sensor, a temperature controller, and a micro-pulse pump. A heating tube positioning seat 1-2 is fixedly installed at the end of the spiral heating tube 1-1. An upper heat insulation plate 1-3 and a lower heat insulation plate 1-4 are respectively provided at both ends of the spiral heating tube 1-1. The heating rod 1-5 has a built-in temperature sensor. The protective sleeve 1-6 is located on the outside of the spiral heating tube 1-1, wrapping the spiral heating tube 1-1 inside. Heat insulation material is filled between the protective sleeve 1-6 and the spiral heating tube 1-1. An evaporator lower cover 1-7 is provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve 1-6.

[0060] Furthermore, the heating rod 1-5 is installed inside the spiral heating tube 1-1, and the heating rod 1-5 passes through the lower heat insulation plate 1-4, the heating tube positioning seat 1-2, the upper heat insulation plate 1-3 and the protective sleeve 1-6.

[0061] The upper heat insulation plate 1-3 and the lower heat insulation plate 1-4 are fixedly connected to the heating tube positioning seat 1-2.

[0062] The spiral heating element 1-1 is made of silanized 316 stainless steel.

[0063] Specifically, the spiral heating tube 1-1, as the core component of the steam generator, needs to be made of silanized 316 stainless steel. The gap between the spiral heating tubes 1-1 should be minimized to ensure more uniform heating. When heating with the spiral heating tube 1-1, due to the inertia of centrifugal force, there will be no situation where steam encapsulates unvaporized liquid droplets, ensuring that all liquids are vaporized. The spiral heating tube 1-1 is tightly fitted to the heating tube positioning seat 1-2 and fixed by the upper heat insulation plate 1-3 and the lower heat insulation plate 1-4, further reducing the gap between the spiral heating tubes 1-1. The heating rod 1-5 has a built-in temperature sensor, which can accurately control the heating temperature through the temperature controller. The protective sleeve 1-6 and the lower cover of the evaporator 1-7 house the entire steam generating component. The space between the protective sleeve 1-6 and the steam generating component is filled with heat insulation material. The lower cover of the evaporator 1-7 fixes the steam generating component, heat insulation material, and heating rod 1-5 inside the protective sleeve 1-6.

[0064] When using this steam generator, the inlet should be connected to the micro-pulse pump to accurately control the amount of liquid entering the steam generator. The steam outlet should be connected to the pressure sensor, and a water-proof diaphragm should be connected between the connecting pipes to prevent water vapor from entering the sensor and damaging it while accurately measuring the pressure. During the steam generation process, heating rod 1-5 starts working, and the micro-pulse pump pumps the liquid into the steam generator at a constant speed to form steam. The steam pressure is measured by the pressure sensor at the steam outlet. If the pressure is too high, it means that the liquid has already vaporized in the middle of the spiral heating tube 1-1. Excessive steam pressure will affect the flow accuracy of the micro-pulse pump. At this time, the heating temperature of heating rod 1-5 needs to be reduced until the outlet pressure is lower than the preset threshold. This way, a fixed amount of steam can be generated accurately. When it is necessary to adjust the steam generation, the speed of the micro-pulse pump can be adjusted, and the heating temperature can be changed by monitoring the outlet pressure to make the steam generation stable and accurate.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] like Figure 5-7 As shown, a diffuser level maintaining device includes a diffuser 2-1, a support 2-2, a level detection unit, a replenishment micro-pulse pump, and a sampling micro-pulse pump. The support 2-2 is provided on the outside of the diffuser 2-1. The level detection unit includes a level sensor 2-3, an upper support 2-4, an upper bracket 2-5, a lower bracket 2-6, a locking bolt 2-7 for the upper bracket, and a locking bolt 2-8 for the upper support. Both the diffuser 2-1 and the level detection unit are mounted on the support 2-2.

[0067] Furthermore, a liquid level sensor upper support 2-4 is provided on the rear side of the liquid level sensor 2-3, a liquid level sensor upper bracket 2-5 is provided on the outer side of the liquid level sensor upper support 2-4, a liquid level sensor upper support locking bolt 2-8 is provided between the liquid level sensor upper bracket 2-5 and the liquid level sensor upper support 2-4, a liquid level sensor lower bracket 2-6 is provided on the outer side of the liquid level sensor upper bracket 2-5, and a liquid level sensor upper bracket locking bolt 2-7 is provided between the liquid level sensor lower bracket 2-6 and the liquid level sensor upper bracket 2-5.

[0068] The lower bracket 2-6 of the liquid level sensor has an arc-shaped hole on each side, and the arc is consistent with the arc of the inner and outer tubes of the diffuser 2-1. The upper bracket 2-4 of the liquid level sensor slides in the arc-shaped hole at an angle of 75-80 degrees.

[0069] The upper bracket 2-5 of the liquid level sensor is movably connected to the upper bracket locking bolt 2-7 of the liquid level sensor. There is an elongated hole on each side of the front end of the upper bracket 2-5. The upper support 2-4 of the liquid level sensor and the upper bracket 2-5 of the liquid level sensor are movably connected through the upper support locking bolt 2-8 of the liquid level sensor and the elongated hole.

[0070] Specifically, during use, the lower bracket 2-6 of the liquid level sensor has an arc-shaped hole on each side, the curvature of which matches the curvature of the inner and outer tubes of the diffuser 2-1, allowing the upper bracket 2-5 of the liquid level sensor to slide within the hole at a sliding angle of 77 degrees. The upper bracket 2-5 of the liquid level sensor can rotate around the upper bracket locking bolt 2-7 of the liquid level sensor, adjusting the angle and height of the liquid level sensor 2-3. The upper bracket 2-5 of the liquid level sensor has an elongated hole on each side of its front end, allowing the upper support 2-4 of the liquid level sensor, on which the liquid level sensor 2-3 is installed, to slide back and forth, adjusting the distance between the liquid level sensor 2-3 and the diffuser 2-1. The maximum distance can be adjusted to 10 mm. The upper support 2-4 of the liquid level sensor can rotate around the upper support locking bolt 2-8 of the liquid level sensor, adjusting the angle, distance, and height between the liquid level sensor 2-4 and the diffuser 2-1.

[0071] To better utilize the diffuser tube level holding device, a sensor position adjustment program was set up. First, the absorbent was manually injected into the diffuser tube 2-1 until the liquid level reached the desired position. Then, the mechanism of the level detection unit was adjusted so that the level sensor 2-3 could detect the liquid level. At this point, the test program for the level sensor 2-3 was started. The test rule was that after the micro-pulse pump removed 1 ml of absorbent, the level detection unit could detect that the liquid level was insufficient. Then, sampling was stopped and replenishment began. The level detection unit could detect the liquid level after 3 to 5 seconds of replenishment. If the current position could not meet the current rule, the sensor position needed to be fine-tuned and the test repeated until it was completed.

[0072] Meanwhile, as the equipment operates, the diffuser tube 2-1 rotates at a predetermined speed, and the equipment's air pump starts, causing the airflow through the diffuser tube 2-1 to cause continuous fluctuations in the absorbent liquid level. These fluctuations can cause the liquid level sensor 2-3 to make a detection error. To address this issue, through repeated experiments and tests, a liquid level detection anti-interference algorithm has been developed. This algorithm, combined with the liquid level detection unit, can accurately detect the liquid level height.

[0073] During equipment sampling, the replenishment micro-pulse pump and the sampling micro-pulse pump operate at the set flow rate. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level is insufficient, the replenishment micro-pulse pump will quickly replenish the liquid. When the liquid level detection unit detects the liquid level, the replenishment micro-pulse pump will resume operation at the set flow rate. By operating according to the above process, the liquid level can be guaranteed to be at the desired position, with a maximum deviation range of no more than 0.5 mm. The impact on the performance of diffuser tube 1 is negligible, ensuring the absorption efficiency of gas samples and the separation efficiency of aerosol samples.

[0074] like Figure 8-10 As shown, a three-stage gas cooling device includes a circulating water pump, a refrigeration fan and refrigeration plates 3-1, a refrigeration unit housing 3-2, a liquid level indicator tube 3-3, an oil mist cup 3-4, a drain connector 3-5, a refrigeration box 3-6, a refrigeration unit guide plate 3-7, a secondary gas cooling pipe 3-8, a tertiary gas cooling pipe 3-9, a temperature sensor 3-10, a refrigerant inlet pipe 3-11, and a refrigerant drain pipe 3-12. The refrigeration box 3-6 is fixed on the refrigeration unit guide plate 3-7. The refrigeration box 3-6 and the refrigeration unit housing... The gap between shells 3-2 is filled with foaming agent. Temperature sensor 3-10 is fixed on the top of refrigeration box 3-6. Liquid level indicator tube 3-3 is installed on one side of refrigeration box 3-7, forming a communicating vessel structure with refrigeration box 3-7. Refrigerant inlet pipe 3-11 and refrigerant outlet pipe 3-12 are fixedly installed on the top of refrigeration box 3-6. Secondary gas cooling pipe 3-8 passes through refrigeration box 6 and is fixedly installed on the upper surface of refrigerator guide plate 3-8. Tertiary gas cooling pipe 3-9 is installed at the bottom of refrigerator guide plate 7.

[0075] Furthermore, the cold side of the cooling plate on the cooling fan and cooling plate 3-1 is tightly fitted with the cooling box 3-6, and the hot side is tightly fitted with the cooling fan, thus fixing the cooling fan to the outer shell 3-2 of the refrigeration unit.

[0076] The refrigerant inlet pipe 3-11 is a short pipe design, and the refrigerant outlet pipe 3-12 is a long pipe design. The refrigerant inlet pipe 3-11 and the refrigerant outlet pipe 3-12 are connected to the circulating water pump to form a primary coolant circulation system.

[0077] The secondary gas cooling pipe 3-8 passes through the refrigeration box 3-6 and is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the refrigeration guide plate 3-8 to form a secondary sample cooling and dehumidification system.

[0078] The three-stage gas cooling pipe 3-9 is installed at the bottom of the cooler guide plate 3-7. The three-stage cooling pipe 3-9 is connected to the oil mist cup 3-4, and the oil mist cup 3-4 is connected to the drain connector 3-5, forming a three-stage gas-liquid separation system.

[0079] Specifically, the refrigeration box 3-6 is fixed to the cooler guide plate 3-7 and is installed inside the cooler housing 3-2. The gap between the refrigeration box 3-6 and the cooler housing 3-2 is filled with foaming agent for insulation of the refrigeration box 3-6. The cold side of the cooling fins is in close contact with the refrigeration box 3-6, and the hot side is in close contact with the cooling fan. The cooling fan is fixed to the cooler housing 3-2 for cooling the coolant inside the refrigeration box. The temperature sensor 3-10 is fixed to the top of the refrigeration box 3-6, protruding into the middle of the coolant to accurately measure the coolant temperature and control the coolant temperature by controlling the cooling fins. The liquid level indicator tube 3-3 is installed on the side of the refrigeration box 3-6, forming a communication device with the refrigeration box 3-6. The structure allows observation of the liquid level inside the box via an indicator tube. The refrigerant inlet pipe 3-11 and refrigerant outlet pipe 3-12 are fixed to the top of the refrigeration box 3-6, with the shorter pipe serving as the inlet and the longer pipe as the outlet. An external water pump is connected to form a primary coolant circulation system. The secondary gas cooling pipe 3-8 passes through the refrigeration box 3-6 and is fixed to the cooler guide plate 3-7, with the main gas path fully exposed to the coolant, allowing for cooling of the gas sample and forming a secondary sample cooling and dehumidification system. The tertiary gas cooling pipe 3-9 is installed at the bottom of the cooler guide plate 3-7, further cooling and dehumidifying the gas sample while simultaneously completing gas-liquid separation. Condensate is collected inside the oil mist cup 3-4 and flows out through the drain connector 3-5.

[0080] During operation, the coolant temperature is measured in real time. Based on the signal from temperature sensor 3-10, the cooling fan and cooling element 3-1 are controlled to maintain the coolant at the set temperature. The primary coolant circulation system needs to work in conjunction with the primary sample cooling container. This container only needs to have an inlet and outlet for circulating water, and an inlet and outlet for the sample gas. The gas and water paths should be sealed separately. The specific structure and shape can be designed independently. When the circulating water pump starts, the coolant is injected into the primary sample cooling container through the coolant drain pipe 3-12, and then flows back to the cooling box 3-6 through the coolant inlet pipe 3-11. This quickly reduces the temperature and humidity of the gas sample. Subsequently, the gas enters the secondary cooling and dehumidification system. The pipes through which the gas flows are enveloped by coolant, further reducing the temperature and humidity. Finally, the gas sample passes through a three-stage gas cooling tube 3-9. The outer wall of this cooling tube is machined with spiral patterns to increase the contact area with the gas and further cool the sample. The condensate waste liquid is separated and enters the oil mist cup 3-4, while the gas sample is discharged from the gas sample outlet. A liquid level sensor is installed on the outside of the oil mist cup 3-4. When the liquid level sensor detects waste liquid, the device controls the drain pump to start and discharge the waste liquid, ensuring that the device can operate continuously. When the primary cooling container of the sample needs maintenance, the coolant in the container needs to be returned to the cooling box 3-6. At this time, simply reverse the circulating water pump, and air is injected into the primary cooling container of the sample through the coolant drain pipe 3-12, while the coolant is returned to the cooling box 3-6 through the coolant inlet pipe 3-11.

[0081] If the gas sample temperature is too high, resulting in poor cooling effect of the device, the following measures can be taken to improve the cooling effect: lower the cooling set temperature of the device, increase the flow rate of the circulating water pump, replace the coolant with a more professional coolant, increase the power of the cooling fan and cooling plate, and replace the secondary gas cooling pipe with a spiral pipeline. The above measures can be added one by one until the cooling effect meets the requirements.

[0082] In summary, this invention is an improvement on existing diffusion tubes, therefore the existing structure of the diffusion tube is not described.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter, characterized in that, include The quantitative steam generator can automatically generate steam according to a set flow rate, monitor the steam pressure, and adjust the heating temperature in real time. The three-stage gas cooling device further reduces the gas temperature while collecting samples, separates the condensate waste liquid, and automatically discharges it. The diffuser level maintaining device keeps the absorbent liquid level within a fixed height range, thus stabilizing the diffuser's performance. The device includes a diffuser, a support, a level detection unit, a replenishment micro-pulse pump, and a sampling micro-pulse pump. A support is mounted on the outside of the diffuser. The level detection unit includes a level sensor, an upper support for the level sensor, an upper bracket for the level sensor, a lower bracket for the level sensor, locking bolts for the upper bracket and the upper support for the level sensor. Both the diffuser and the level detection unit are mounted on the support. An upper support for the level sensor is located behind the sensor, and an upper bracket for the level sensor is located outside the upper support. The upper bracket for the level sensor connects to the liquid level sensor... A locking bolt for the upper support of the liquid level sensor is provided between the upper support and the lower support of the liquid level sensor. A locking bolt for the upper support of the liquid level sensor is provided on the outside of the upper support of the liquid level sensor. A locking bolt for the upper support of the liquid level sensor is provided between the lower support of the liquid level sensor and the upper support of the liquid level sensor. There is an arc-shaped hole on each side of the lower support of the liquid level sensor, and the arc is consistent with the arc of the inner and outer tubes of the diffuser. The upper support of the liquid level sensor slides in the arc-shaped hole, and the sliding angle is 75-80 degrees. The upper support of the liquid level sensor is movably connected to the locking bolt for the upper support of the liquid level sensor. There is an elongated hole on each side of the front end of the upper support of the liquid level sensor. The upper support of the liquid level sensor and the upper support of the liquid level sensor are movably connected through the locking bolt for the upper support of the liquid level sensor and the elongated hole. The diffuser level holding device is equipped with a level sensor position adjustment program. First, the absorbent is manually injected into the diffuser until the liquid level reaches the desired position. Then, the level detection unit is adjusted so that the level sensor can just detect the liquid level. At this point, the level sensor test program is started. The test rule is that after the micro-pulse pump removes 1 ml of absorbent, the level detection unit can detect that the liquid level is insufficient. Then, sampling is stopped and liquid replenishment begins. The level detection unit can detect the liquid level after 3 to 5 seconds of replenishment. If the current position does not meet the current rule, the level sensor position needs to be finely adjusted and the test repeated until it is completed. Aerosol collection device: used to collect aerosols; Piping system: including piping and pump systems, used to connect the above-mentioned devices; Two sets of sampling bottles were used for sampling alternately. Each set of sampling bottles contained a gas reservoir bottle and an aerosol reservoir bottle.

2. The online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein the quantitative vapor generator comprises a spiral heating tube, a heating rod, a protective sleeve, a pressure sensor, a temperature controller, and a micro-pulse pump, wherein a heating tube positioning seat is fixedly installed at the end of the spiral heating tube, an upper heat insulation plate and a lower heat insulation plate are respectively provided at both ends of the spiral heating tube, a temperature sensor is built into the heating rod, the protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the spiral heating tube and wraps the spiral heating tube inside, heat insulation material is filled between the protective sleeve and the spiral heating tube, and an evaporator lower cover is provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve.

3. The online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating rod is located inside the spiral heating tube and passes through the lower heat insulation plate, the heating tube positioning seat, the upper heat insulation plate, and the protective sleeve; the upper heat insulation plate and the lower heat insulation plate are fixedly connected to the heating tube positioning seat; the spiral heating tube is made of silanized 316 stainless steel tube.

4. The online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage gas cooling device includes a circulating water pump, a refrigeration fan and refrigeration elements, a refrigeration unit housing, a liquid level indicator tube, an oil mist cup, a drain connector, a refrigeration box, a refrigeration unit baffle, a secondary gas cooling pipe, a tertiary gas cooling pipe, a temperature sensor, a refrigerant inlet pipe, and a refrigerant outlet pipe. The refrigeration box is fixed to the refrigeration unit baffle. The gap between the refrigeration box and the refrigeration unit housing is filled with foaming agent. The temperature sensor is fixed to the top of the refrigeration box. The liquid level indicator tube is installed on one side of the refrigeration box, forming a communicating vessel structure with the refrigeration box. The refrigerant inlet pipe and the refrigerant outlet pipe are fixedly installed on the top of the refrigeration box. The secondary gas cooling pipe passes through the refrigeration box and is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the refrigeration unit baffle. The tertiary gas cooling pipe is installed at the bottom of the refrigeration unit baffle.

5. The online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cold side of the cooling chip on the cooling fan and cooling plate is in close contact with the cooling box, and the hot side is in close contact with the cooling fan, thus fixing the cooling fan to the outer shell of the cooler; the refrigerant inlet pipe is a short pipe design, and the refrigerant outlet pipe is a long pipe design. The refrigerant inlet pipe and the refrigerant outlet pipe are connected to the circulating water pump to form a primary coolant circulation system; the secondary gas cooling pipe passes through the cooling box and is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cooler guide plate to form a secondary sample cooling and dehumidification system.

6. The online monitoring system for water-soluble components and gaseous precursors of atmospheric fine particulate matter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The three-stage gas cooling pipe is installed at the bottom of the cooler guide plate. The three-stage cooling pipe is connected to the oil mist cup, and the oil mist cup is connected to the drain connector to form a three-stage gas-liquid separation system.

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