A frictional nanogenerator

Abstract

The application discloses a friction nanogenerator and relates to the field of power generation equipment.The friction nanogenerator comprises a first electrode friction assembly, a second electrode friction assembly and a first elastic component, the first electrode friction assembly comprises a first electrode and at least one first friction layer, the second electrode friction assembly comprises a second electrode and at least one second friction layer, a plurality of first friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side of the first electrode, a plurality of second friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side of the second electrode, two ends of the first elastic component are fixedly connected to the first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly respectively, the first electrode friction assembly is used for being fixedly connected to an external component, the first elastic component can generate deformation in a direction parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component, the first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly can generate relative movement parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component, and the first friction layer can be in contact with and separated from the second friction layer.The friction nanogenerator can generate electricity by using the acceleration of an object.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power generation equipment technology, and in particular to a triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, energy issues have become increasingly prominent. On the one hand, with the development of human society, the reserves of traditional fossil fuels are dwindling, and the rate of depletion is accelerating. Furthermore, burning chemical fuels causes severe pollution to the environment. On the other hand, in this interconnected era, there is a need for numerous miniature energy-consuming components such as sensors. These components require long-term power to ensure their normal operation. However, these miniature components are small in size. If traditional batteries are used, their capacity is limited by their size; to provide stable power for a long period, the batteries would need to be large, restricting the miniaturization of the components. Alternatively, periodic battery replacement can be used to maintain long-term power, but in harsh environments such as the ocean or pipelines, battery replacement is extremely difficult, resulting in high maintenance costs. To reduce the cost of power supply, micro-energy harvesting technology has become an important research direction. This technology can harvest energy from the environment, such as light, heat, vibration, and wind energy, and convert it into electrical energy to power various miniature components.

[0003] In modern life, there are all sorts of moving objects, and the speed of these objects is generally not constant. Acceleration (inertia) occurs during their motion, affecting everything from ships to bicycles. However, existing triboelectric nanogenerators mostly generate electricity by continuously applying external force. For example, Chinese patent CN202010373789.0 discloses a triboelectric nanogenerator, an electronic fishing float, and a method for preparing a triboelectric nanogenerator. This includes a triboelectric dielectric layer and a triboelectric slider. Under the action of an external force (such as the force of pulling a fishing line), the triboelectric slider moves relative to the triboelectric dielectric layer, causing the triboelectric dielectric layer to generate charge, thus generating electricity. However, this method does not consider utilizing the object's acceleration for power generation, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a triboelectric nanogenerator to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can generate electricity by utilizing the acceleration of an object.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a first electrode friction assembly, a second electrode friction assembly, and a first elastic component. The first electrode friction assembly includes a first electrode and at least one first friction layer. The second electrode friction assembly includes a second electrode and at least one second friction layer. Multiple first friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side surface of the first electrode, and multiple second friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side surface of the second electrode. One end of the first elastic component is fixedly connected to the first electrode friction assembly, and the other end of the first elastic component is fixedly connected to the second electrode friction assembly. The first electrode friction assembly is used for fixed connection with an external component. The first elastic component is capable of deformation in a direction parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component. The first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly are capable of relative motion parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component, and the first friction layer can contact and separate from the second friction layer.

[0007] Preferably, the second electrode friction assembly further includes at least one second elastic component. The second electrode includes at least one electrode plate. One end of each second elastic component is fixedly connected to the first elastic component, and the other end of each second elastic component is fixedly connected to one side of each electrode plate. At least one second friction layer is fixedly connected to the other side of each electrode plate. Each second elastic component is capable of deforming along the acceleration direction parallel to the external component under the action of an external force.

[0008] Preferably, the first electrode friction assembly further includes a cylindrical housing, and the second electrode friction assembly further includes a support member. The side of the first electrode away from the first friction layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing. One end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the housing, and the other end of the first elastic member extends along the axial direction of the housing and is fixedly connected to the support member. The end of each second elastic member away from each electrode plate is fixedly connected to the support member.

[0009] Preferably, the plurality of first friction layers are arranged circumferentially along the housing, the plane containing the inner wall of the plurality of first friction layers is a cylindrical surface, the plurality of second elastic components are radially distributed circumferentially along the housing, the plane containing the outer wall of the plurality of second friction layers is a cylindrical surface, and the axis of the cylindrical surface containing the outer wall of the second friction layer is collinear with the axis of the cylindrical surface containing the inner wall of the first friction layer.

[0010] Preferably, each first friction layer includes a plurality of first sub-friction layers, and the plurality of first sub-friction layers of each first friction layer are arranged along the axial direction of the housing; the number of each first friction layer is the same as the number of the electrode plates, and the first friction layer corresponds one-to-one with the electrode plates; the plurality of second friction layers on each electrode plate are arranged along the axial direction of the housing, and each second friction layer can completely overlap with at least one first sub-friction layer.

[0011] Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent second friction layers on each electrode plate is the same as the spacing between two adjacent first sub-friction layers of each first friction layer, and the spacing between two adjacent second friction layers on each electrode plate is the same as the width of the second friction layer along the axial direction of the housing.

[0012] Preferably, the first elastic component is a spring, and the second elastic component is an elastic beam.

[0013] Preferably, the second electrode friction assembly is disposed within the inner cavity of the housing, and both ends of the housing are closed.

[0014] Preferably, the first electrode friction assembly further includes a fixing member, which is fixedly connected to the housing and is used for fixed connection with external components.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0016] The triboelectric nanogenerator provided by the present invention includes a first electrode friction assembly, a second electrode friction assembly, and a first elastic component. One end of the elastic component is fixedly connected to one end of the first electrode friction assembly, and the other end of the elastic component extends toward the other end of the first electrode friction assembly and is fixedly connected to the second electrode friction assembly. The first electrode friction assembly is used to be fixedly connected to an external component. When the external component generates acceleration along the extension direction of the first elastic component, the first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly can generate relative motion along the extension direction of the first elastic component, and the first friction layer can contact and separate from the second friction layer.

[0017] When an external component changes from being stationary or moving at a constant speed to accelerating or decelerating, the external component will generate acceleration. The first electrode friction assembly, which is fixedly connected to it, moves synchronously with the external component. Under the action of inertia, the second electrode friction assembly tends to maintain its original motion state (such as being stationary or moving at a constant speed). Therefore, the first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly generate relative motion, which in turn allows the first friction layer to rub against the second friction layer. According to the principle of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling, the first and second friction layers will generate electrostatic charges of opposite polarity due to triboelectric charging. When the first and second friction layers separate, the positive and negative charges generated by triboelectric charging also separate, thereby generating an induced potential difference between the first and second electrodes. The induced potential difference will drive electrons to flow through the external circuit between the first and second electrodes, thereby forming a current. That is, the triboelectric nanogenerator provided by this invention can generate electricity using the acceleration of an object. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A front view of the triboelectric nanogenerator provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second friction layer and the second electrode provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second friction layer, the second electrode, and the second elastic component provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the end cap structure provided by the present invention;

[0025] In the figure: 100, triboelectric nanogenerator; 1, first elastic component; 2, first electrode; 3, first friction layer; 301, first sub-friction layer; 4, second electrode; 401, electrode plate; 5, second friction layer; 6, second elastic component; 7, shell; 8, support component; 9, fixing component; 10, end cap. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose of this invention is to provide a triboelectric nanogenerator to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can generate electricity by utilizing the acceleration of an object.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator 100, including a first electrode 2 friction assembly, a second electrode 4 friction assembly, and a first elastic component 1. The first electrode 2 friction assembly includes a first electrode 2 and at least one first friction layer 3. The second electrode 4 friction assembly includes a second electrode 4 and at least one second friction layer 5. Multiple first friction layers 3 are fixedly connected to the same side surface (e.g., inner wall) of the first electrode 2, and multiple second friction layers 5 are fixedly connected to the same side surface (e.g., outer wall) of the second electrode 4. One end of the first elastic component 1 is fixedly connected to the first electrode 2 friction assembly, and the other end of the first elastic component 1 is fixedly connected to the second electrode 4 friction assembly. The first electrode 2 friction assembly is used to be fixedly connected to an external component. The first elastic component 1 can generate deformation in a direction parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component. The first electrode 2 friction assembly and the second electrode 4 friction assembly can generate relative motion parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component, and the first friction layer 3 can contact and separate from the second friction layer 5. It should be noted that when installing the triboelectric nanogenerator 100, a suitable installation angle should be selected so that the extension direction of the first elastic component 1 in the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 is parallel to the direction of acceleration generated by the external component; if the external component will generate acceleration in multiple directions, multiple triboelectric nanogenerators 100 can be set up accordingly as needed.

[0030] When an external component changes from being stationary or moving at a constant speed to accelerating or decelerating, the external component will generate acceleration. The friction assembly of the first electrode 2, which is fixedly connected to it, moves synchronously with the external component. Under the action of inertia, the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 tends to maintain its original motion state (such as being stationary or moving at a constant speed). Therefore, the friction assembly of the first electrode 2 and the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 generate relative motion, which in turn allows the first friction layer 3 to rub against the second friction layer 5. According to the principle of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling, the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 5 will generate electrostatic charges of opposite polarity due to triboelectric charging. When the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 5 separate, the positive and negative charges generated by triboelectric charging also separate, thereby generating an induced potential difference between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4. The induced potential difference will drive electrons to flow through the external circuit between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4, thereby forming a current. That is, the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 provided by the present invention can generate electricity by utilizing the acceleration of an object.

[0031] Furthermore, the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 also includes at least one second elastic component 6. The second electrode 4 includes at least one electrode plate 401. One end of each second elastic component 6 is fixedly connected to the first elastic component 1, and the other end of each second elastic component 6 is fixedly connected to one side of each electrode plate 401. At least one second friction layer 5 is fixedly connected to the other side of each electrode plate 401. Each second elastic component 6 can deform along the acceleration direction parallel to the external component under the action of external force. Preferably, the electrode plate 401 and the second elastic component 6 are fixed by adhesive bonding. It should be noted that the first electrode 2 may include only one electrode plate 401 or may include multiple electrode plates 401.

[0032] One end of the second elastic component 6 is fixed to the first elastic component 1. When the first elastic component 1 accelerates or decelerates, the fixed end of the second elastic component 6 will accelerate or decelerate along with the first elastic component 1. Since the second elastic component 6 is elastic, the other end of the second elastic component 6 will tend to maintain its original motion state due to inertia. The second elastic component 6 will deform, and the deformation will generate elasticity and return the second elastic component 6 to its undeformed state. Within a certain period of time, the second elastic component 6 will oscillate continuously, that is, self-excited vibration, which can promote the contact and separation of friction layers of different polarities (first sub-friction layer 301 and second friction layer 5) multiple times within its vibration range, so as to further improve the power generation efficiency. When the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 moves to its limit position relative to the friction assembly of the first electrode 2 (reaching the maximum compression or stretch of the first elastic component 1), the second elastic component 6 is fixed at one end of the first elastic component 1 and can no longer compress or stretch the first elastic component 1. However, the other end of the second elastic component 6 continues to move a distance along the original compression or stretching direction under the inertia of the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 until the maximum deformation of the second elastic component 6 is reached. After that, the second elastic component 6 rebounds. This process is repeated, causing the friction assembly of the second electrode 4 to oscillate for a certain period of time under the elastic action of the second elastic component 6, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0033] Furthermore, the first electrode 2 friction assembly also includes a cylindrical housing 7, and the second electrode 4 friction assembly also includes a support member 8. The side of the first electrode 2 away from the first friction layer 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 7. One end of the first elastic member 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the housing 7, and the other end of the first elastic member 1 extends axially along the housing 7 and is fixedly connected to the support member 8. The end of each second elastic member 6 away from each electrode plate 401 is fixedly connected to the support member 8. Preferably, the first elastic member 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the housing 7 by screws.

[0034] Furthermore, multiple first friction layers 3 are arranged circumferentially along the shell 7, the inner walls of the multiple first friction layers 3 are cylindrical, multiple second elastic components 6 are radially distributed circumferentially along the shell 7, and the outer walls of the multiple second friction layers 5 are cylindrical, with the axis of the cylindrical surface containing the outer wall of the second friction layer 5 collinear with the axis of the cylindrical surface containing the inner wall of the first friction layer 3. By matching the diameter of the cylindrical surface containing the outer wall of the second friction layer 5 with the diameter of the cylindrical surface containing the inner wall of the first friction layer 3, the multiple circumferential first friction layers 3 can simultaneously contact and separate from their corresponding second friction layers 5, which is beneficial for improving power generation efficiency.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, each first friction layer 3 includes a plurality of first sub-friction layers 301, which are arranged along the axial direction of the housing 7. The number of each first friction layer 3 is the same as that of the electrode plates 401, and the first friction layer 3 corresponds one-to-one with the electrode plates 401. A plurality of second friction layers 5 on each electrode plate 401 are arranged along the axial direction of the housing 7. Each second friction layer 5 can completely overlap with at least one first sub-friction layer 301. That is, the width of the second friction layer 5 along the axial direction of the housing 7 is the same as the width of the first friction layer 3 along the axial direction of the housing 7, and the length of the second friction layer 5 along the circumferential direction of the housing 7 is the same as the length of the first friction layer 3 along the circumferential direction of the housing 7. During the relative movement of the first electrode 2 friction assembly and the second electrode 4 friction assembly, the second friction layer 5 can completely overlap with the first sub-friction layer 301 that it contacts during the movement. The different sizes of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 5 are beneficial to increasing the friction area and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0036] In a more preferred embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent second friction layers 5 on each electrode plate 401 is the same as the spacing between two adjacent first sub-friction layers 301 of each first friction layer 3, and the spacing between two adjacent second friction layers 5 on each electrode plate 401 is the same as the width of the second friction layer 5 along the axial direction of the housing 7. Initially, the second friction layer 5 is not in contact with the first friction layer 3. When the speed of the moving object changes, the friction components of the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 generate relative motion. Each second friction layer 5 in each column (all the second friction layers 5 of each electrode plate 401 constitute one column) begins to contact the first sub-friction layer 301 of the corresponding column. Specifically, the process of a second friction layer 5 making contact with a first sub-friction layer 301 is as follows: the second friction layer 5 approaches the first sub-friction layer 301 to achieve partial contact until complete contact (at which point the two completely overlap). Then, the second friction layer 5 moves away from the first sub-friction layer 301 until it is completely separated. When the second friction layer 5 is completely separated from the first sub-friction layer 301, the second friction layer 5 is exactly in the gap between two adjacent first sub-friction layers 301. If the second friction layer 5 moves again, it will immediately contact the next first sub-friction layer 301. The second friction layer 5 can achieve one contact and separation with the first sub-friction layer 301 with a small displacement, which is more efficient. During this process, based on the principle of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling, when in contact, the first sub-friction layer 301 is positively charged and the second friction layer 5 generates an equal amount of negative charge (or the second friction layer 5 is positively charged and the first sub-friction layer 301 generates an equal amount of negative charge). The first sub-friction layer 301 and the second friction layer 5 are connected to the electrode on the back side. When separated, a potential difference is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4, and a current is generated.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the first elastic component 1 is a spring, and the second elastic component 6 is an elastic beam.

[0038] Furthermore, the second electrode 4 friction assembly is disposed inside the cavity of the housing 7. The two ends of the housing 7 are closed, which can protect the internal working components and prevent external interference to the generator.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the friction assembly of the first electrode 2 further includes an end cap 10, which is used to fix the housing 7 to an opening away from the bottom surface of the housing 7.

[0040] Furthermore, the friction assembly of the first electrode 2 also includes a fixing member 9, which is fixedly connected to the housing 7 and is used for fixed connection with external components. Preferably, the fixing member 9 is fixedly connected to the external components by screws.

[0041] The triboelectric nanogenerator 100 provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a first electrode 2 friction assembly, a second electrode 4 friction assembly and a first elastic component 1. The structure is relatively simple, and the size relationship between the first sub-friction layer 301 and the second friction layer 5 is set more reasonably, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 and makes it easy to install on various moving objects, from large ships to small bicycles, with wide applications.

[0042] The components of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 provided by this invention are mainly connected by standard parts such as screws, which helps to reduce manufacturing costs and lower expenses.

[0043] The specific number of the first sub-friction layer 301 and the second friction layer 5 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 provided by the present invention can be adjusted according to the length, inner diameter, etc. of the specific shell 7, making it flexible in application.

[0044] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: The device includes a first electrode friction assembly, a second electrode friction assembly, and a first elastic component. The first electrode friction assembly includes a first electrode and at least one first friction layer. The second electrode friction assembly includes a second electrode and at least one second friction layer. Multiple first friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side surface of the first electrode, and multiple second friction layers are fixedly connected to the same side surface of the second electrode. One end of the first elastic component is fixedly connected to the first electrode friction assembly, and the other end of the first elastic component is fixedly connected to the second electrode friction assembly. The first electrode friction assembly is used to fixally connect to an external component. The first elastic component can deform in a direction parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component. The first electrode friction assembly and the second electrode friction assembly can generate relative motion parallel to the acceleration direction of the external component, and the first friction layer can contact and separate from the second friction layer. The second electrode friction assembly further includes at least one second elastic component, which is an elastic beam. The second electrode includes at least one electrode plate. One end of each second elastic component is fixedly connected to the first elastic component, and the other end of each second elastic component is fixedly connected to one side of each electrode plate. At least one second friction layer is fixedly connected to the other side of each electrode plate. Each second elastic component can deform along the acceleration direction parallel to the external component under the action of external force. The first electrode friction assembly further includes a cylindrical housing, and the second electrode friction assembly further includes a support member. The side of the first electrode away from the first friction layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing. One end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the housing, and the other end of the first elastic member extends along the axial direction of the housing and is fixedly connected to the support member. The end of each second elastic member away from each electrode plate is fixedly connected to the support member. Multiple first friction layers are arranged circumferentially along the housing, the inner wall plane of the multiple first friction layers is a cylindrical surface, multiple second elastic components are radially distributed circumferentially along the housing, the outer wall plane of the multiple second friction layers is a cylindrical surface, and the axis of the cylindrical surface of the outer wall of the second friction layer is collinear with the axis of the cylindrical surface of the inner wall of the first friction layer.

2. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each first friction layer includes a plurality of first sub-friction layers, and the plurality of first sub-friction layers of each first friction layer are arranged along the axial direction of the housing; the number of each first friction layer is the same as the number of the electrode plates, and the first friction layer corresponds one-to-one with the electrode plates; the plurality of second friction layers on each electrode plate are arranged along the axial direction of the housing, and each second friction layer can completely overlap with at least one first sub-friction layer.

3. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between two adjacent second friction layers on each electrode plate is the same as the spacing between two adjacent first sub-friction layers of each first friction layer, and the spacing between two adjacent second friction layers on each electrode plate is the same as the width of the second friction layer along the axial direction of the housing.

4. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first elastic component is a spring.

5. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrode friction assembly is disposed inside the cavity of the housing, and the two ends of the housing are closed.

6. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode friction assembly further includes a fixing member, which is fixedly connected to the housing and is used for fixed connection with external components.

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