Ophthalmic lens having antibacterial and / or antiviral properties and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ophthalmic lens comprising at least one antibacterial and / or antiviral coating and a method for manufacturing the same. In one embodiment, the ophthalmic lens comprises (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating. Said (i) anti-reflective coating or said (ii) mirror coating is composed of a stack of a plurality of stacked layers. Said stack comprises an outermost stacked layer. Said outermost stacked layer comprises silver (Ag). According to the invention, said outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix comprising a plurality of separate silver (Ag) atoms and / or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters. Each of said silver (Ag) clusters has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. The molar content of silver in the SiO2 matrix is about 1 mol%.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to spectacle lenses comprising a coating containing silver as an antibacterial and / or antiviral agent according to the preamble of independent claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and methods of manufacturing thereof according to the preamble of independent claims 24, 26, 28 and 29.

[0002] As mentioned by S. Galdiero et al., Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents, Molecules 2011, 16, 8894-8918, viral infections pose a significant challenge to global health, especially due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the continued slowing of the application of effective antiviral therapies caused by adverse side effects associated with long-term use. Emerging and re-emerging viruses are considered a persistent threat to human health because they are able to adapt to their current hosts, switch to new hosts, and evolve strategies to evade antiviral measures. Viruses can emerge due to changes in host, environment, or vector, and new pathogenic viruses can arise in humans from existing human or animal viruses. Viral diseases, such as SARS coronavirus, West Nile virus, monkeypox virus, Hantavirus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Chikungunya virus, and influenza virus, which recently originated in birds or pigs, have entered human populations worldwide.

[0003] Organic antibacterial agents, photocatalytic materials, and metal compounds have been extensively studied and their antibacterial and / or antiviral effects have been demonstrated.

[0004] US 5,454,886A, assigned to Nucryst Pharmaceuticals Corp., discloses an antimicrobial coating deposited as a thin metal film on at least one surface of a medical device under conditions of atomic disorder generated in the antimicrobial coating using physical vapor deposition. Atomic disorder (including point defects, vacancies, line defects, interstitial atoms, amorphous regions, grain boundaries, or subgrain boundaries in the crystal lattice) is responsible, according to US 5,454,886A, for the continuous release of metallic substances upon contact with alcohols or aqueous electrolytes (including body fluids or tissues). To generate atomic disorder during the deposition process, for example, the temperature of the surface to be coated can be maintained such that the ratio of the substrate temperature (Kjeldahl) to the metal melting point is less than about 0.5. Atomic disorder can also be achieved by preparing a composite metallic material (i.e., a material containing at least one antimicrobial metal in a metal matrix comprising atoms or molecules different from the antimicrobial metal). Silver can be used as the antimicrobial metal. To prepare composite metal materials, at least one antimicrobial metal is co-deposited or sequentially deposited with at least one other inert, biocompatible metal, or with oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, sulfides, hydrides, or halides of the at least one antimicrobial metal and / or an inert metal. The metal used in the antimicrobial coating should possess antimicrobial properties and be biocompatible. Typically, the antimicrobial coating has a film thickness of less than 1 μm and no more than 10 μm.

[0005] WO 2019 / 082001A1, assigned to the Polytechnic University of Turin, discloses an air filter comprising a breathable substrate and an antiviral coating. The antiviral coating, with a thickness of 15 nm to 500 nm, comprises nanoclusters of a first glass, ceramic, glass-ceramic material, or matrix (preferably silica) and a plurality of second metallic materials (preferably copper, zinc, or silver). Furthermore, WO 2019 / 082001 A1 discloses a method for applying the antiviral coating to a substrate. This method includes a co-deposition or co-sputtering process on the substrate of at least a first glass, ceramic, glass-ceramic material, or matrix (preferably silica) and at least a plurality of second metallic materials (preferably silver, copper, or zinc) nanoclusters.

[0006] Miola et al., in “Silver nanocluster-silica composite antibacterial coatings for materials to be used in mobile telephones,” Applied Surface Science 313(2014) 107-115, disclosed the deposition of antibacterial coatings on several different polymers used in mobile phone components (such as screens, covers, and microphone felts) using co-sputtering technology. These antibacterial coatings contain varying amounts of metallic silver nanoclusters embedded in a silica matrix. Sputtering parameters were varied to obtain different coating thicknesses and silver contents to meet the antibacterial, aesthetic, and functional requirements of each component.

[0007] Gladskikh et al. investigated the optical properties of silver clusters in a silica matrix. Their paper, "Optical Properties of Silver and Gold Clusters in Silica Matrices," presented at the 2017 Nanocon conference held in Brno, Czech Republic, from October 18th to 20th, 2017, describes the experimental study of the absorption and luminescence properties of silver nanoclusters embedded in a silica matrix, on pages 821-825. To this end, the authors produced SiO2 films with varying silver contents by co-depositing metal and SiO2 onto a silica substrate in a vacuum. Films with higher silver contents exhibited three absorption peaks in the near-UV range and two emission peaks in the visible light range. Gladskikh et al. attributed these spectral characteristics to the presence of silver nanoclusters of varying sizes within the films. Luminescence was observed only in samples with a silver content less than 2.2%. They linked the luminescence quenching in films with higher silver contents to nonradiative energy transfer between densely packed particles. Thermal annealing led to the formation of larger particles and altered both the absorption and emission spectra of the films.

[0008] GB 2372044B2, transferred to Samsung SDI Co., Ltd., discloses a functional thin film arrangement comprising a substrate and a transition layer deposited on the substrate, the transition layer comprising: a first component being at least one dielectric material, such as SiO2. x , where x>1; and the second component is, for example, silver. The first and second components have a gradually varying content gradient in the thickness direction of the film, with the content of the first component being the largest at the surface of the transition layer closest to the substrate.

[0009] JP 2020142494 A2, assigned to Ito Optical Ind., describes an antimicrobial transparent laminate comprising a single or multiple optical inorganic vapor deposition film on at least one side of a transparent base material, wherein the optical inorganic vapor deposition film has a desirable film design comprising silica (SiO2) as a final layer. The final layer of the vapor deposition film is formed by a composite layer comprising an antimicrobial vapor deposition layer and a protective SiO2 layer, the antimicrobial vapor deposition layer containing a metal-loaded inorganic antimicrobial agent, wherein SiO2 serves as the matrix. The metal-loaded inorganic antimicrobial agent may, for example, contain Ag. + - Ions. Spectacular lenses can be formed from antimicrobial transparent laminates.

[0010] CN 106772713 A (Shanghai Conant Optics Co., Ltd.) discloses an eyeglass lens including an antimicrobial coating. The coating on the lens substrate comprises the following layer sequence (starting from the surface of the lens substrate): a hard coating, an antireflective layer comprising two to seven layers, an antimicrobial layer, an adhesive layer, and a top layer. According to CN106772713A, the adhesive layer should increase the adhesion between the antimicrobial layer and the top layer. The antimicrobial layer can be silver, copper, zinc, titanium, or one or more metal oxides coated on the antireflective film. The adhesive layer can be made of one or more oxides such as silica, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or zirconium oxide on the surface of the antimicrobial layer.

[0011] US Patent 10,221,093B2, assigned to Saint-Gobain SA, describes a substrate (preferably a transparent glass window), such as window glass, comprising a multilayer of thin films coated thereon. The multilayer comprises at least one metallic functional film based on or made of silver with a thickness between 7 nm and 20 nm, and two antireflective coatings. Each of the antireflective coatings comprises at least one antireflective film. The metallic functional film is located between the two antireflective coatings. The multilayer comprises two discontinuous metallic films, each having a thickness between 0.5 nm and 5 nm. The lower discontinuous metallic film is located between the surface and a single or first metallic functional film counted from the surface, and the upper discontinuous metallic film is located above the single or last metallic functional film counted from the surface. Both the lower and upper discontinuous metallic films are based on or made of silver. The lower discontinuous metal film and the upper discontinuous metal film are each continuous layers with a surface area occupancy ranging from 50% to 98% and are in the form of interconnected islands, with uncovered areas between the islands.

[0012] An antireflective coating is known from US 2020 / 209436A1, assigned to Fuji Holdings Corp., which is disposed on a transparent substrate such as a lens. The antireflective coating includes an intermediate layer, a silver-containing metal layer, and a dielectric layer. The intermediate layer, the silver-containing metal layer, and the dielectric layer are sequentially laminated on one side of the substrate. The intermediate layer is a multilayer film having at least two layers, wherein a high-refractive-index layer having a relatively high refractive index and a low-refractive-index layer having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated. The dielectric layer has a surface exposed to air and is a multilayer film including a silicon oxide layer, a magnesium fluoride layer, and an adhesive layer disposed between the silicon oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer and configured to increase the adhesion between the silicon oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer. The adhesive layer is disposed separately from the silicon oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer and is made of a metal oxide.

[0013] US 10,527,760B2, assigned to Essilor, describes an ophthalmic lens comprising a transparent substrate, such as part of a liquid crystal display device of a portable telephone device having a front main surface and a rear main surface, wherein at least one of the main surfaces is coated with a multilayer antireflective coating comprising a stack of at least the following:

[0014] (i) Wetting layer;

[0015] (ii) a metal layer, wherein the metal is selected from silver, gold or copper or mixtures thereof;

[0016] (iii) A protective layer that prevents oxidation of the metal layer.

[0017] The wetting layer (i) is in direct contact with the metal layer (ii). The physical thickness of the metal layer (ii) ranges from 6 nm to 20 nm, and the total thickness of the multilayer antireflective coating ranges from 50 nm to 150 nm.

[0018] US 2015 / 0044482 A1, assigned to Don LLC, describes an optical coating structure comprising:

[0019] (i) Substrate;

[0020] (ii) An anti-reflective coating disposed on a substrate, the anti-reflective coating covering the substrate;

[0021] (iii) A base coat covering the antireflective coating;

[0022] (iv) An antimicrobial coating disposed on the base layer, the antimicrobial coating being an intermediate layer; and a protective coating covering the antimicrobial coating.

[0023] Optionally, a superhydrophobic coating and / or an anti-fingerprint coating may be provided on the protective coating. Exemplarily, the substrate is described as including a transparent polymer resin, tempered or semi-tempered glass. The substrate may include chemically tempered glass. Furthermore, the substrate may be disposed on a display device having a touchscreen panel. The antimicrobial coating may be formed by vacuum phase deposition. The antimicrobial coating may include silver (Ag)-based materials, etc. The antimicrobial coating may include silver ions. Silver ions may be formed on an undercoat including silica. Silver ions may be combined with small openings on the silica surface. A protective coating may be disposed on the antimicrobial coating and may completely or partially cover the antimicrobial coating. The protective coating may be formed on the antimicrobial coating by vacuum phase deposition. The protective coating may include a silica-based material.

[0024] CN 210534467 U, transferred to Xiamen Duocail Optical Tech.Co.Ltd., discloses an antibacterial spectacle lens resistant to seawater corrosion. This lens includes a substrate coated on its front surface with a hard coating, an anti-reflective coating, a seawater-resistant coating, and a waterproof coating. On its rear surface, the substrate is coated with a hard coating, an adhesive coating, an antibacterial coating, and a waterproof coating. The antibacterial coating is a silver film. An adhesive coating between the hard coating and the antibacterial coating enhances the adhesion of the antibacterial coating.

[0025] WO 2020 / 138469 A1, assigned to Hoya Corp., discloses spectacle lenses that achieve both high antimicrobial and antistatic properties through a single outermost coating. The outermost coating contains tungsten oxide particles, tin oxide particles, and silver particles, as well as a binder component such as silicon dioxide. The binder component should enhance the adhesion of the outermost coating. Preferably, the thickness of the outermost coating is in the range of 3 nm to 30 nm. More preferably, the particle size of the tungsten oxide, tin oxide, and silver particles is smaller than the thickness of the outermost coating to avoid the formation of protrusions on its outermost surface. The particle size of the tungsten oxide, tin oxide, and silver particles is preferably from 2 nm to 5 nm. To obtain good antimicrobial properties, the outermost coating contains tungsten oxide particles, preferably in the range of 0.25 to 0.80 wt.%. To obtain good antistatic properties, the outermost coating contains tin oxide particles, preferably in the range of 0.10 to 0.35 wt.%. To enhance antibacterial properties, the outermost coating contains silver particles, preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.10 wt.%. The outermost coating can be formed by dip coating. Due to the thinness of the outermost coating, the optical characteristics of existing coating designs should not be degraded.

[0026] Yang Won Dong’s KR 200375582 Y1 discloses eyeglasses or sunglasses in which the material of sunglasses made of metal, glass or plastic resin contains nano-silver.

[0027] The international patent application PCT / CN 2020 / 104011 upon which this invention is based discloses an eyeglass lens comprising a substrate and a series of layers deposited on two surfaces (i.e., a front surface and a rear surface) of the substrate. The rear surface of the substrate is covered with a hard coating layer, an adhesion layer, an anti-reflective (AR) coating stack, and optionally an outermost top coating that functionally constitutes a cleaning coating. The front surface of the substrate is covered with layers in the same order, except that the outermost layer of the AR coating stack consists not only of SiO2 but also contains Ag.

[0028] The difficulty in designing such lenses lies in meeting the needs of eyeglass wearers for both optical and health-related properties. Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide an eyeglass lens that effectively prevents the residue and spread of bacteria and / or viruses on at least one lens surface, particularly on the front and / or rear surfaces of the lens, thereby avoiding the need for additional coatings in existing coating stacks or designs. Another object is to provide an efficient method for manufacturing eyeglass lenses that effectively prevent the residue and spread of bacteria and / or viruses on at least one lens surface, particularly on the front and / or rear surfaces of the lens.

[0029] This problem is solved by spectacle lenses having the features of any one of independent claims 1, 2, 4, 5 or 8 to 10, and by a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses according to any one of independent claims 25, 27, 29, 30, 31 or 33.

[0030] The dependent claims set forth preferred embodiments that can be implemented in isolation or in any arbitrary combination.

[0031] The following definitions are used within the scope of this description:

[0032] Spectacle lens substrate

[0033] In the context of this invention, the term "spectacle lens substrate" refers to any uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens blank.

[0034] Specifically, as a substrate for spectacle lenses, the following can be used: uncoated or pre-coated blanks, defined in section 3.8.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 as a piece of optical material having a finished optical surface for manufacturing lenses; uncoated or pre-coated single-vision blanks, defined in section 3.8.2 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 as blanks with a finished surface having a single nominal surface power; uncoated or pre-coated multifocal blanks, defined in section 3.8.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 as blanks with two or more distinct portions of different refractive powers or focal powers; and uncoated or pre-coated progressive power blanks, defined in section 3.8.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 as a piece of optical material having a finished optical surface for manufacturing lenses; Section 3.8.5 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 defines a variable power blank, wherein the finished surface is a progressive power surface; an uncoated or pre-coated decreasing power blank, which is defined as a variable power blank in Section 3.8.6 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, wherein the finished surface is a decreasing power surface; an uncoated or pre-coated finished lens, which is defined as a lens with its final optical surface on both sides in Section 3.8.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; an uncoated or pre-coated uncut lens, which is defined as a finished lens before edging in Section 3.8.8 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; or an uncoated or pre-coated edged lens, which is defined as a finished lens before edging in DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; or an uncoated or pre-coated edged lens, which is defined as a lens with its final optical surface on both sides in DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12. As defined in Section 3.8.9 of 13666:2019-12, a finished lens is ground to its final size and shape. If one of the aforementioned blanks is pre-coated, the corresponding finished surface includes at least one coating. If one of the aforementioned lenses is pre-coated, at least one side thereof includes at least one coating.

[0035] Preferably, the lens substrate is an uncoated or pre-coated finished lens or an uncoated or pre-coated uncut lens.

[0036] Uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrates can be classified as afocal lenses with a nominal refractive power of zero (according to section 3.6.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12) or corrective lenses, i.e. lenses with refractive power (according to section 3.5.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12). Furthermore, uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrates can be classified as single-vision lenses according to Section 3.7.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as single-vision lenses for a specific location according to Section 3.7.2 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as multifocal lenses according to Section 3.7.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as bifocal lenses according to Section 3.7.4 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as trifocal lenses according to Section 3.7.5 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; and as fusion multifocal lenses according to Section 3.7.6 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12. According to Section 3.7.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, these lenses can be classified as variable power lenses; according to Section 3.7.8 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, they can be classified as progressive power lenses; or according to Section 3.7.9 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, they can be classified as decreasing power lenses.

[0037] Furthermore, uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrates can be classified as protective lenses according to section 3.5.4 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as absorbing lenses according to section 3.5.5 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as tinted lenses according to section 3.5.6 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as clear lenses according to section 3.5.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as uniformly tinted lenses according to section 3.5.8 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; as gradient-tinted lenses according to section 3.5.9 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; and as dual-gradient-tinted lenses according to section 3.5.10. According to section 3.5.11 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, these lenses can be classified as photochromic lenses; or according to section 3.5.12 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, they can be classified as polarized lenses.

[0038] The uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate is preferably based on an optical material defined as a transparent material capable of being manufactured into optical components according to section 3.3.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12. The uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate may be made of mineral glass according to section 3.3.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12 and / or of organic hard resins (such as thermosetting hard resins) according to section 3.3.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; of thermoplastic hard resins according to section 3.3.4 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12; or of photochromic materials according to section 3.3.5 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12.

[0039] Preferably, the uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate is based on one of the optical materials mentioned in Table 1, particularly preferably one of the organic hard resins.

[0040] Table 1: Examples of optical materials used in blanks or lenses

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] * Based on sodium D line

[0044] If the uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate is made of mineral glass and organic hard resin such as thermosetting hard resin or thermoplastic hard resin, then the mineral glass preferably constitutes at least one ultrathin lens. In this case, the organic hard resin can constitute an uncoated or pre-coated blank, an uncoated or pre-coated single-vision blank, an uncoated or pre-coated multifocal blank, an uncoated or pre-coated variable power blank, an uncoated or pre-coated progressive power blank, an uncoated or pre-coated decreasing power blank, an uncoated or pre-coated finished lens, an uncoated or pre-coated uncut lens; or an uncoated or pre-coated edged lens, each blank comprising at least one ultrathin lens on at least its finished surface, and each finished lens comprising at least one ultrathin lens on at least one side.

[0045] After surface treatment of the opposite surfaces of the corresponding blanks, the opposite surfaces may also include at least one ultrathin lens, which may be the same as or different from the other in terms of glass composition, average thickness, and / or shape. Further, the spectacle lens substrate may be made of at least two ultrathin lenses, with a plastic film between them. The at least one ultrathin lens may be based on various glass compositions, such as borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or alkali-free borosilicate glass. Preferably, the at least one ultrathin lens is based on borosilicate glass or aluminoborosilicate glass. The average thickness of the at least one ultrathin lens is preferably in the range of 10 μm to 1000 μm, more preferably in the range of 13 μm to 760 μm, further preferably in the range of 16 μm to 510 μm, more preferably in the range of 18 μm to 390 μm, and most preferably in the range of 19 μm to 230 μm. Particularly preferably, the at least one ultrathin lens has an average thickness ranging from 21 μm to 121 μm, from 75 μm to 140 μm, or from 80 μm to 220 μm. The average thickness of the at least one ultrathin lens is understood to mean an arithmetic mean. With an average thickness less than 10 μm, the at least one ultrathin lens is too mechanically unstable to bond with at least one surface of at least one of the aforementioned organic hard resin components. With an average thickness greater than 1000 μm, the at least one ultrathin lens may result in the spectacle lens having excessively large edge thickness or excessively large center thickness. The average thickness of the at least one ultrathin lens is preferably measured using a Filmetrics F10-HC instrument from Filmetrics. The at least one ultrathin lens preferably has a surface roughness Ra of <1 nm. More preferably, the surface roughness Ra of the at least one ultrathin lens is in the range of 0.1 nm to 0.8 nm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 nm to 0.7 nm, and most preferably in the range of 0.4 nm to 0.6 nm. The surface roughness Ra values ​​described above are each based on the front and rear surfaces of at least one ultrathin lens of the unformed planar ultrathin lens. After forming, these values ​​are preferably applied to the surfaces of the ultrathin lens that are not in contact with the forming body in each case. Depending on the forming body used for forming, these values ​​can also be applied to the surfaces of the at least one ultrathin lens that are in contact with the forming body used for forming. The surface roughness Ra of the at least one ultrathin lens is preferably determined by white light interferometry, preferably using a NewView 7100 instrument from Zygo Corporation.Ultra-thin lenses are commercially available, for example, under the names D 263T eco, D 263LAeco, D 263M, AF 32eco, SCHOTT AS 87eco, and B 270I, each sourced from Schott AG, or Corning Willow Glass or Corning Gorilla Glass, each sourced from Corning Inc.

[0046] Top Coating

[0047] In the context of this invention, the term "topcoat" refers to the outermost functional coating applied to a spectacle lens substrate in its final state.

[0048] A functional coating is any coating that has at least one of the following properties:

[0049] Hard coating

[0050] According to section 3.18.2 of ISO 13666:2019, a hard coating is a coating on the surface of an organic lens (3.5.2) designed to enhance the surface's abrasion resistance during normal use.

[0051] In the context of this invention, the terms "hard coating," "scratch-resistant coating," or "abrasion-resistant coating" refer to any coating applied to a lens substrate that, according to Bayer testing, increases abrasion resistance by at least two times compared to an uncoated lens substrate. The Bayer test is one of the most frequently cited methods for testing abrasion resistance. This test subjectes both the coated lens substrate and an uncoated CR-39 standard to abrasion from vibrating "sand." The sand is actually alumina and zirconium oxide. After a certain number of cycles, haze gain is measured on both lenses. The ratio of the haze gain of the uncoated lens to that of the coated lens is called the Bayer ratio. A Bayer ratio of "1" means that the coating has abrasion resistance comparable to uncoated CR-39. A Bayer ratio of "5" means that the uncoated CR-39 standard has five times the haze gain of the coated lens. A common standard Bayer ratio of "4" or greater is considered a high-quality hard coating in the industry.

[0052] If the lens substrate is made of an organic hard resin, preferably, at least one finished surface of the lens substrate includes at least one hard coating, and more preferably, both finished surfaces of the lens substrate include at least one hard coating. At least one finished surface of the lens substrate may be uncoated or pre-coated. The average thickness of the at least one hard coating is preferably in the range of 0.6 μm to 10 μm, more preferably in the range of 0.8 μm to 6.6 μm, more preferably in the range of 1.1 μm to 5.8 μm, and most preferably in the range of 1.6 μm to 4.9 μm. The average thickness of the at least one hard coating is preferably determined by measuring spectral reflectance and / or spectral transmittance. The average thickness is the arithmetic mean of the physical thickness of at least one hard coating measured at at least three locations after application and curing. Preferably, the average thickness of the at least one hard coating is determined using a spectrometer, such as one of Filmetrics' devices F20, F10-HC, or F10-AR, preferably F10-HC. Illuminating a spectacle lens comprising a lens substrate and at least one hard coating with white light produces an interference spectrum dependent on the physical thickness of the at least one hard coating and its corresponding refractive index. The path difference corresponds precisely to a multiple of the optical thickness. The average thickness is preferably calculated using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Alternatively, the average thickness of the at least one hard coating can be determined using at least one scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of the spectacle lens comprising the lens substrate and at least one hard coating. The thickness of the at least one hard coating is determined at at least three locations, and their arithmetic mean is obtained.

[0053] The at least one hard coating may be based on at least one of the hard coating compositions disclosed in US 2005 / 0171231 A1, US 2009 / 0189303A1, or US 2002 / 01 11390A1. The at least one hard coating is preferably based on at least one hard coating composition disclosed in EP2 578 649 A1, particularly claim 1 of EP2 578 649 A1. The at least one hard coating composition configured to produce at least one hard coating preferably comprises...

[0054] A)a) At least one formula (I)Si(OR) 1 (OR) 2 (OR) 3 (OR) 4 ) silane derivatives, wherein R 1 R 2 R 3 and R 4It may be the same or different, selected from alkyl, acyl, alkylene acyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkylene aryl, each of which may optionally be substituted, and / or b) at least one hydrolysis product of the silane derivative of at least one formula (I), and / or c) at least one condensation product of the silane derivative of at least one formula (I), and / or d) any mixture of its components a) to c);

[0055] B)a) At least one of the formulas (II)R 6 R 7 3-n Si(OR 5 ) n Silane derivatives, of which R 5 Selected from alkyl, acyl, alkylene acyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or alkylene aryl, each of which may optionally be substituted, R 6 It is an organic group containing at least one epoxy group, R 7 Selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or alkylene aryl groups, each of which may optionally be substituted, n being 2 or 3; and / or

[0056] b) at least one hydrolysis product of at least one silane derivative of formula (II), and / or

[0057] c) at least one condensation product of at least one silane derivative of formula (II), and / or any mixture of its components a) to c);

[0058] C) At least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride and / or fluoride oxide;

[0059] D) At least one epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups; and

[0060] E) At least one catalyst system comprising at least one Lewis acid and at least one latent Lewis acid-base adduct.

[0061] The term "at least one hydrolysis product" of at least one silane derivative of formula (I) or (II) respectively indicates that each of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I) or (II) has been at least partially hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.

[0062] The term "at least one condensation product" of at least one silane derivative of formula (I) or formula (II) respectively indicates a certain degree of crosslinking that has also occurred through the condensation reaction of silanol groups.

[0063] The at least one silane derivative of formula (I) may be selected from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetra(methoxyethoxy)silane, tetra(methoxypropoxy)silane, tetra(ethoxyethoxy)silane, tetra(methoxyethoxyethoxy)silane, trimethoxyethoxysilane, dimethoxydiethoxysilane, or mixtures thereof.

[0064] The at least one silane derivative of formula (II) may be selected from 3-glycidyl etheroxymethyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrihydroxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyldimethylhydroxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane or mixtures thereof.

[0065] The at least one colloidal inorganic oxide may be selected from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, antimony oxide, aluminum oxide, or mixtures thereof.

[0066] Preferably, the average particle size of at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, fluoride, or fluoride is selected such that the transparency of at least one hard coating is not affected. Preferably, the at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride, and / or fluoride has an average particle size in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, or even more preferably from 2 nm to 70 nm. The average particle size is preferably determined by dynamic light scattering. The at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride, or fluoride contributes to increased scratch resistance by incorporating it into an existing network. Furthermore, the at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride, or fluoride is selected such that the refractive index of at least one hard coating matches the refractive index of the uncoated spectacle lens substrate or a pre-coated layer on the spectacle lens substrate.

[0067] The at least one epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups is preferably a polyglycidyl ether compound, more preferably a diglycidyl ether or triglycidyl ether compound. For example, as at least one epoxy compound (comprising at least two epoxy compounds), diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidylglycerol and / or trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether can be used in the coating composition. Preferably, the at least one epoxy compound includes trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether and / or 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether.

[0068] The catalyst system comprising at least one Lewis acid and at least one latent Lewis acid-base adduct is capable of achieving very uniform crosslinking and thus of consistently high strength across the entire thickness of at least one hard coating. The term "Lewis acid" refers to an electrophilic electron pair acceptor compound, and the term "Lewis base" is understood to mean an electron pair donor compound. The at least one Lewis acid is preferably a Lewis acid that exhibits catalytic activity even at relatively low temperatures, such as at room temperature. The at least one Lewis acid can be selected from ammonium salts, metal salts (especially metal salts of metals from Group 1 (i.e., alkali metal salts), Group 2 (i.e., alkaline earth metal salts), or Group 13 (preferably Al or B) of the periodic table), halides of elements from Group 13 of the periodic table (especially AIX3 or BX3, where X is chlorine or fluorine), organic sulfonic acids and their amine salts, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids), fluoride salts, organotin compounds, or mixtures thereof. Preferred metal salts of metals from Groups 1, 2, and 13 of the periodic table are, for example, perchlorates or carboxylates. Preferred Lewis acids are, for example, ammonium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, sulfonic acids and their salts, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and its salts.

[0069] The at least one Lewis acid-base adduct should be understood to mean a compound that is catalytically active only at relatively high temperatures for the chemical reaction in question, but essentially inactive at room temperature. A latent catalytic compound can be converted to a catalytically active state simply by supplying sufficient thermal energy.

[0070] The at least one silane derivative of formula (I) and / or the hydrolysis product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I) and / or the condensation product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I) are preferably present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount of 5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 6% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The amounts given above apply to the at least one silane derivative of formula (I), the at least one hydrolysis product of formula (I), the at least one condensation product of formula (I), or any mixture thereof. The amounts given above also apply to mixtures of silane derivatives of formula (I), mixtures of hydrolysis products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I), mixtures of condensation products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I), or any mixture thereof.

[0071] The at least one silane derivative of formula (II) and / or the hydrolysis product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (II) and / or the condensation product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (II) are preferably present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount of 5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 6% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The amounts given above apply to the at least one silane derivative of formula (II), the at least one hydrolysis product of formula (II), the at least one condensation product of formula (II), or any mixture thereof. The amounts given above also apply to mixtures of silane derivatives of formula (II), mixtures of hydrolysis products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (II), mixtures of condensation products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (II), or any mixture thereof.

[0072] The weight ratio of the at least one silane derivative of formula (I), at least one hydrolysis product of the silane derivative of formula (I), and / or at least one condensation product of the silane derivative of formula (I) relative to the at least one silane derivative of formula (II), at least one hydrolysis product of the silane derivative of formula (II), and / or at least one condensation product of the silane derivative of formula (II) is preferably in the range of 95 / 5 to 5 / 95, more preferably in the range of 70 / 30 to 30 / 70, and most preferably in the range of 60 / 40 to 40 / 60.

[0073] The at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, fluoride, and / or fluorine oxide is preferably present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount of 5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 6% to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The aforementioned amounts apply to a type of colloidal oxide, a type of hydroxide, a type of fluoride, a type of fluorine oxide, mixtures thereof, mixtures of different colloidal oxides, mixtures of different colloidal hydroxides, mixtures of different colloidal fluorides, mixtures of different colloidal fluorine oxides, or mixtures thereof. Mixtures of different colloidal oxides, hydroxides, fluorides, or fluorine oxides may, for example, comprise one type of each with different particle sizes or different types of each having the same or different particle sizes.

[0074] The at least one epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups is present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The amounts given above apply to one type of epoxy compound or a mixture of different types of epoxy compounds.

[0075] The at least one catalyst system is preferably present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount ranging from 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 wt% to 3 wt%, based on the total weight of the hard coating composition. The weight ratio of at least one Lewis acid to at least one latent Lewis acid-base adduct is preferably in the range of 20 / 1 to 1 / 2, more preferably from 5 / 1 to 2 / 1.

[0076] The hard coating composition further comprises at least one solvent, including at least one alcohol, at least one ether, at least one ester, or water. If the at least one solvent comprises two different solvents, the boiling point of the first solvent S1 and the boiling point of the second solvent S2 are S1 / S2 ≥ 1.2 or S1 / S2 ≤ 0.8. Furthermore, if the at least one solvent comprises two different solvents, the weight ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is preferably in the range of 5 to 0.01, more preferably in the range of 2 to 0.2.

[0077] Water is preferably present in an amount of 2% to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the hard coating composition.

[0078] The components of the coating composition that produce the hard coating are used in a manner based on the total weight of the coating composition, which together account for 100% by weight.

[0079] The coating composition mentioned above that produces at least one hard coating is preferably applied by dip coating or spin coating to at least one of the uncoated or pre-coated surfaces of the spectacle lens substrate, preferably to both surfaces of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0080] Using the above-described coating composition comprising components (A) to (E) (i.e., at least one first silane derivative of formula (I), at least one hydrolysis product thereof and / or at least one condensation product thereof, at least one second silane derivative of formula (II), at least one hydrolysis product thereof and / or at least one condensation product thereof, at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, fluoride and / or fluoride oxide, at least one epoxy compound and at least one catalyst system), enables the production of at least one hard coating that exhibits very good adhesion strength, high hardness, high scratch resistance, and low crack formation tendency on at least one surface of uncoated or precoated spectacle lens substrates of different types.

[0081] As an alternative or supplement to the aforementioned at least one hard coating composition that produces at least one hard coating, at least one finished surface of an uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate, preferably both finished surfaces of an uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate, comprises at least one hard coating, which is preferably based on at least one hard coating composition comprising:

[0082] A)a) At least one of the formulas (III)R 1 R 2 3-n Si(OR 3 ) n Silane derivatives, of which R 1 Including alkyl, cycloalkyl, acyl, aryl, or heteroaryl groups, each of which can be substituted, R 2 It is an organic residue containing an epoxy group, R 3 Including alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl groups, each of which may be substituted, n = 2 or 3, and / or

[0083] b) at least one hydrolysis product of the silane derivative of formula (III), and / or

[0084] c) at least one condensation product of a silane derivative of formula (III), and / or d) any mixture of components a) to c);

[0085] B) At least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride and / or fluoride oxide;

[0086] C) at least one epoxy component containing at least two epoxy groups; and

[0087] D) At least one catalyst system comprising at least one Lewis acid and at least one latent Lewis base adduct.

[0088] The term "at least one hydrolysis product" for at least one silane derivative of formula (III) indicates that the at least one silane derivative of formula (III) has been at least partially hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.

[0089] The term "at least one condensation product" for at least one silane derivative of formula (III) indicates a certain degree of crosslinking that has occurred through a condensation reaction of silanol groups.

[0090] The at least one silane derivative of formula (III) and / or the hydrolysis product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (III) and / or the at least one condensation product of the at least one silane derivative of formula (III) and / or any mixture thereof, each based on the total weight of the at least one coating composition, are present in the at least one hard coating composition in a total amount preferably from 9 wt% to 81 wt%, more preferably from 13 wt% to 76 wt%, more preferably from 19 wt%, and most preferably from 23 wt% to 66 wt%. The amounts given above apply to the at least one silane derivative of formula (III), the at least one hydrolysis product of formula (III), the at least one condensation product of formula (III), or any mixture thereof. The amounts given above also apply to mixtures of silane derivatives of formula (III), mixtures of hydrolysis products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (III), mixtures of condensation products of the at least one silane derivative of formula (III), or any mixture thereof.

[0091] The at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride, and / or fluoride is present in the at least one hard coating composition in a total amount preferably from 3% to 60% by weight, more preferably from 6% to 58% by weight, more preferably from 9% to 57% by weight, and most preferably from 13% to 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The amounts given above apply to one type of colloidal inorganic oxide, one type of colloidal inorganic hydroxide, one type of colloidal inorganic oxide hydrate, one type of colloidal inorganic fluoride, one type of colloidal inorganic fluoride, and any mixture thereof. The amounts given above also apply to mixtures of different colloidal inorganic oxides, mixtures of different colloidal inorganic hydroxides, mixtures of different colloidal inorganic oxide hydrates, mixtures of different colloidal inorganic fluorides, mixtures of different colloidal inorganic fluorides, or any mixture thereof. The aforementioned mixtures may each comprise colloidal inorganic oxides, hydroxides, oxide hydrates, fluorides, and / or fluoride with different particle sizes or types.

[0092] The at least one epoxy compound comprising at least two epoxy groups is present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount preferably from 0.01 wt% to 14 wt%, more preferably from 0.07 wt% to 11 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 wt% to 6 wt%, and most preferably from 0.2 wt% to 13 wt%, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The amounts given above apply to one type of epoxy compound and mixtures of different epoxy compounds.

[0093] The catalyst system comprising at least one Lewis acid and at least one latent Lewis base adduct is present in the at least one hard coating composition in an amount preferably from 0.04 wt% to 4 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 wt% to 3 wt%, more preferably from 0.2 wt% to 2 wt%, and most preferably from 0.3 wt% to 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition. The weight ratio of the at least one Lewis acid to the at least one latent Lewis base adduct is preferably from 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably from 18:1 to 1:2, more preferably from 13:1 to 1:1, and most preferably from 6:1 to 1:1.

[0094] The at least one hard coating composition may contain at least one organic solvent and / or water. The components of the at least one hard coating composition that produce at least one hard coating are used in a manner that, based on the total weight of the at least one hard coating composition, sums to 100% by weight.

[0095] As at least one silane derivative of formula (III), such as 3-glycidoxymethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrihydroxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl-dimethylhydroxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl-dimethylethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-glycidoxypropyldiethoxy-methylsilane and / or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane can be used in at least one hard coating composition. Preferably, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and / or 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane are used as silane derivatives of formula (III).

[0096] At least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, and / or oxide hydrate may be a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate, wherein the metal ion of the metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate includes or is a metal of the following: titanium, preferably TiO2; silicon, preferably SiO2; zirconium, preferably ZrO2; tin, preferably SnO2; antimony, preferably Sb2O3; aluminum, preferably Al2O3 or AlO(OH) and / or mixed oxides and / or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, and oxide hydrate is a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate, wherein the metal ion of the metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate includes or is a metal of the following: titanium, silicon, zirconium, or mixtures thereof, more preferably silicon. More preferably, at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, and / or oxide hydrate forms core-shell particles. In such core-shell particles, the core preferably comprises a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate, wherein the metal ion of the metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate includes or is composed of the following metals: titanium, preferably TiO2, and / or zirconium, preferably ZrO2, and the shell preferably comprises a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate, wherein the metal ion of the metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or metal oxide hydrate includes or is composed of silicon, preferably SiO2. Magnesium fluoride can be used as a colloidal inorganic fluoride. At least one colloidal oxide, hydroxide, oxide hydrate, fluoride, and / or fluoride oxide has an average particle size preferably from 3 nm to 70 nm, more preferably from 6 nm to 64 nm, more preferably from 8 nm to 56 nm, and most preferably from 9 nm to 52 nm.

[0097] As at least one epoxy compound (comprising at least two epoxy compounds), for example, diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidylglycerol and / or trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether can be used in at least one hard coating composition. Preferably, the at least one epoxy compound includes trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether and / or 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether.

[0098] As at least one Lewis acid, ammonium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, sulfonic acid and / or sulfonate (such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and / or its salts) can be used in at least one catalyst system.

[0099] As at least one Lewis base adduct, metal complexes such as aluminum acetylacetonate, iron acetylacetonate, and / or zinc acetylacetonate can be used in at least one catalyst system.

[0100] Using at least one hard coating composition comprising components (A) to (D) (i.e., at least one silane derivative of formula (III), at least one hydrolysis product thereof and / or at least one condensation product thereof, at least one colloidal inorganic oxide, hydroxide, hydrate oxide, fluoride and / or fluoride oxide, at least one epoxy compound and at least one catalyst system) enables the production of at least one hard coating that exhibits very good adhesion strength, high hardness, high scratch resistance and low crack formation tendency on at least one surface of uncoated or precoated spectacle lens substrates of different types.

[0101] At least one hard coating composition that produces at least one hard coating is preferably applied by dip coating or spin coating to at least one uncoated or pre-coated surface of an eyeglass lens substrate, and more preferably to both of its surfaces.

[0102] Adhesion promoting layer

[0103] The term "adhesion promoting layer" refers to any intermediate coating that increases the adhesion between a directly adjacent overcoat and a directly adjacent undercoat or a directly adjacent lens substrate.

[0104] Primer coating

[0105] The term "primer coating" applies to any coating applied to a lens substrate that increases the impact resistance by more than one time, according to the repeated drop ball test of ISO 16936-1:2020, compared to a lens substrate with a hard coating (i.e., a lens substrate containing a hard coating as described above).

[0106] If the lens substrate is made of an organic hard resin, preferably, at least one finished surface of the lens substrate is coated with at least one hard coating layer and at least one primer coating as described above. If the lens includes at least one hard coating layer and at least one primer coating layer, then the at least one primer coating layer is positioned adjacent to, but not necessarily adjacent to, at least one finished surface of the lens substrate to be coated. In other words, if at least one finished surface of the lens substrate is coated with at least one primer coating layer and at least one hard coating layer, preferably, the at least one hard coating layer is further away from the surface of the lens substrate to be coated. At least one finished surface of the lens substrate can be uncoated or pre-coated. More preferably, both surfaces of the uncoated or pre-coated lens substrate include at least one primer coating layer.

[0107] The average thickness of at least one primer coating is preferably in the range of 300 nm to 1200 nm, more preferably in the range of 340 nm to 1150 nm, even more preferably in the range of 390 nm to 1120 nm, more preferably in the range of 440 nm to 1110 nm, and most preferably in the range of 470 nm to 1100 nm. The average thickness is the arithmetic mean of the physical thickness of at least one primer coating measured at at least three locations after application and curing. Preferably, the average thickness of the at least one primer coating is determined by measuring spectral reflectance and / or spectral transmittance. Preferably, the average thickness of the at least one primer coating is determined using a spectrometer (such as one of Filmetrics' devices F20, F10-HC, or F10-AR, preferably F10-HC). Illumination of a spectacle lens comprising a lens substrate and at least one primer coating with white light produces an interference spectrum dependent on the physical thickness of the at least one primer coating and its corresponding refractive index. The path difference corresponds exactly to a multiple of the optical thickness. The average thickness is preferably calculated using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Alternatively, the average thickness of at least one primer coating can be determined using at least one scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of the spectacle lens, which includes the spectacle lens substrate and at least one primer coating. The thickness of at least one primer coating is determined at at least three locations and its arithmetic mean is obtained.

[0108] At least one primer coating may preferably be based on at least one primer coating composition comprising the following

[0109] i) at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane dispersion, at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurea dispersion, at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, and / or at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyester dispersion, preferably at least one aqueous aliphatic polyurethane dispersion or at least one aqueous aliphatic polyester dispersion, and more preferably at least one aqueous aliphatic polyurethane dispersion.

[0110] ii) at least one solvent,

[0111] iii) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0112] The at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane dispersion, the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurea dispersion, the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, and / or the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyester dispersion are each present in the at least one primer coating composition in a total amount selected from the range of preferably from 2 wt% to 38 wt%, more preferably from 4 wt% to 34 wt%, more preferably from 5 wt% to 28 wt%, more preferably from 6 wt% to 25 wt%, and most preferably from 7 wt% to 21 wt%, based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition. The total amount includes the amount of only one of the aforementioned dispersions or mixtures thereof. The at least one primer coating composition preferably comprises at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion, wherein the polyurethane contains polyester units as spacers or the polyurethane dispersion is a polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, characterized in that both urethane groups and urea groups are present in the macromolecular chain of the polyurethane-polyurea. Such polyurethane dispersions are described, for example, in WO 94 / 17116A1, and particularly WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 11 to 33. As described in WO 94 / 17116A1, and particularly WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 33 to 35, aqueous polyurethane dispersions can be blended with anionicly stable acrylic emulsions.

[0113] Each of the at least one solvent is present in the at least one primer coating composition in an amount selected from the range of preferably from 68% to 99% by weight, more preferably from 69% to 98% by weight, more preferably from 81% to 97% by weight, and most preferably from 89% to 93% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition. The amounts mentioned above apply to one type of solvent as well as mixtures of different solvents.

[0114] As at least one solvent, preferably, at least one organic solvent with a low boiling point of <100°C at atmospheric pressure and at least one organic solvent with a medium boiling point of 100°C to 150°C at atmospheric pressure can be used. As at least one organic solvent with a low boiling point, examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, acetone, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, n-heptane, and / or methyl ethyl ketone. Preferably, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and / or 2-propanol are used as at least one solvent with a low boiling point. As at least one organic solvent with a medium boiling point, examples include 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butanol, dibutyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and / or toluene. Preferably, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and / or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone are used as at least one solvent having a medium boiling point.

[0115] The weight ratio of the at least one solvent having a low boiling point to the at least one solvent having a medium boiling point is preferably 1:1, more preferably 1:1.4, more preferably 1:1.5, and most preferably 1:1.7.

[0116] As at least one solvent, at least one organic solvent with a low boiling point, at least one solvent with a medium boiling point, and water can be used. The weight ratio of the at least one low-boiling-point solvent to the at least one medium-boiling-point solvent and water is preferably 2:7:1, more preferably 2.5:6.5:1, further preferably 3:6:1, more preferably 3:5:1, and most preferably 3:6:1. The at least one primer coating composition may optionally contain at least one additive. The at least one additive may include at least one dispersant, at least one anti-settling agent, at least one wetting agent, at least one biocide, at least one UV absorber, or a mixture thereof. The at least one additive may be present in the at least one primer coating composition in an amount preferably ranging from 0.01 wt% to 1.7 wt%, more preferably from 0.07 wt% to 1.4 wt%, more preferably from 0.09 wt% to 1.1 wt%, and most preferably from 0.1 wt% to 0.7 wt%, each based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition. The aforementioned amounts apply to one type of additive and mixtures of different additives.

[0117] A primer coating composition comprising at least one component (i) to (iii) (i.e., at least one dispersion, at least one solvent and optionally at least one additive) is applied to at least one uncoated or pre-coated surface of an eyeglass lens substrate, and then dried and cured to produce at least one primer coating.

[0118] At least one primer coating composition that produces at least one primer coating is preferably applied by dip coating or spin coating to at least one pre-coated or uncoated surface of an optical lens substrate, and more preferably to both of its surfaces.

[0119] The components of at least one primer coating composition that produces at least one hard coating are used based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition, which together account for 100% by weight.

[0120] As an alternative to or supplement to the aforementioned at least one primer coating, the coating of the spectacle lens may include at least one primer coating based on at least one primer composition, which preferably contains...

[0121] i) at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane dispersion, at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurea dispersion, at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, and / or at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyester dispersion, preferably at least one aqueous aliphatic polyurethane dispersion or at least one aqueous aliphatic polyester dispersion, and more preferably at least one aqueous aliphatic polyurethane dispersion.

[0122] ii) at least one solvent,

[0123] iii) at least one base, and

[0124] iv) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0125] The at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane dispersion, the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurea dispersion, the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, and / or the at least one aqueous aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic polyester dispersion are each present in the at least one primer coating composition in a total amount selected from the range of preferably from 2% to 31% by weight, more preferably from 4% to 26% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 21% by weight, more preferably from 6% to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 7% to 19% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition. The total amount includes the amount of only one of the aforementioned dispersions or mixtures thereof. The at least one primer coating composition preferably comprises at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion, wherein the polyurethane contains polyester units as spacers or the polyurethane dispersion is a polyurethane-polyurea dispersion, characterized in that both urethane groups and urea groups are present in the macromolecular chain of the polyurethane-polyurea. Such polyurethane dispersions are described, for example, in WO 94 / 17116A1, and particularly WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 11-33. As described in WO 94 / 17116A1, and particularly WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 33-35, aqueous polyurethane dispersions can be blended with anionicly stable acrylic emulsions. According to WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 11-33, aqueous polyurethane dispersions are typically polyurethane-polyurea, i.e., polymers characterized by the simultaneous presence of urethane and urea groups in the macromolecular chain. As mentioned in WO 94 / 17166A1, and particularly WO 94 / 17116A1, page 7, lines 33-35, aqueous polyurethane dispersions can be blended with anionicly stable acrylic emulsions.

[0126] At least one solvent is present in at least one primer coating composition in an amount preferably from 69% to 98% by weight, more preferably from 73% to 96% by weight, more preferably from 76% to 94% by weight, and most preferably from 79% to 93% by weight, each based on the total weight of the at least one primer coating composition. The amounts mentioned above apply to one type of solvent as well as mixtures of different solvents.

[0127] As at least one solvent, preferably, at least one organic solvent with a low boiling point of <100°C at atmospheric pressure and at least one organic solvent with a medium boiling point of 100°C to 150°C at atmospheric pressure can be used. As at least one organic solvent with a low boiling point, examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, acetone, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, n-heptane, and / or methyl ethyl ketone. Preferably, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and / or 2-propanol are used as at least one solvent with a low boiling point. As at least one organic solvent with a medium boiling point, examples include 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butanol, dibutyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and / or toluene. Preferably, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and / or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone are used as at least one solvent having a medium boiling point.

[0128] The weight ratio of the at least one solvent having a low boiling point to the at least one solvent having a medium boiling point is preferably 1:1, more preferably 1:1.4, more preferably 1:1.5, and most preferably 1:1.7.

[0129] In addition, besides at least one solvent having a low boiling point and / or at least one solvent having a medium boiling point, the primer coating composition may also contain water. The weight ratio of the at least one solvent having a low boiling point to the at least one solvent having a medium boiling point and water is preferably 2:7:1, more preferably 2.5:6.5:1, even more preferably 3:6:1, more preferably 3:5:1, and most preferably 3:6:1.

[0130] Furthermore, the primer coating composition contains at least one alkali, which imparts a buffering effect with respect to pH to at least one primer coating produced by the primer coating composition. The at least one alkali preferably delays, more preferably inhibits, contact between acidic components and adjacent layers (preferably adjacent layers positioned closer to or adjacent to the lens substrate). The primer coating composition contains at least one alkali in an amount preferably from 0.1 wt% to 3.2 wt%, more preferably from 0.2 wt% to 2.8 wt%, more preferably from 0.3 wt% to 2.4 wt%, more preferably from 0.4 wt% to 1.9 wt%, and most preferably from 0.5 wt% to 1.6 wt%, each based on the total weight of the primer coating composition. The amounts given above apply to the use of a single type of alkali as well as to the use of mixtures of different alkalis. The primer coating composition may contain, for example, imidazole, 1-methylimidazolium, 2-methylimidazolium, 4-methylimidazolium, 2,5-dimethylimidazolium, 4-hydroxymethylimidazolium, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazolium, pentazolium, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, piperidine, piperazine, triethylamine, diisopropylamine, diisobutylamine, sodium hydroxide, and / or potassium hydroxide as at least one base. Preferably, the primer coating composition contains at least one base selected from the group consisting of 2-methylimidazolium, imidazolium, 1-methylimidazolium, 4-methylimidazolium, 2,5-dimethylimidazolium, triethylamine, and sodium hydroxide; more preferably, at least one base selected from the group consisting of 2-methylimidazolium, 1-methylimidazolium, 4-methylimidazolium, and sodium hydroxide. Most preferably, the primer coating composition comprises at least one base selected from the group consisting of 2-methylimidazole and 1-methylimidazole, in an amount ranging from 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.3% by weight to 1.5% by weight, each based on the total weight of the primer coating composition. The aforementioned amounts apply to the use of a mixture of 2-methylimidazole and 1-methylimidazole, as well as the use of 2-methylimidazole or 1-methylimidazole alone.

[0131] The primer coating composition may optionally contain at least one additive. This at least one additive may include at least one dispersant, at least one antisettling agent, at least one wetting agent, at least one biocide, at least one UV absorber, or a mixture thereof. This at least one additive may be present in the primer coating composition in an amount preferably from 0.01 wt% to 1.7 wt%, more preferably from 0.07 wt% to 1.4 wt%, more preferably from 0.09 wt% to 1.1 wt%, and most preferably from 0.1 wt% to 0.7 wt%, each based on the total weight of the primer coating composition. The amounts mentioned above apply to one type of additive as well as mixtures of different additives.

[0132] A primer coating composition comprising components i) to iv) (i.e., at least one dispersion, at least one solvent, at least one alkali and optionally at least one additive) is dried and cured after being applied to at least one pre-coated or uncoated surface of an eyeglass lens substrate to produce at least one primer coating.

[0133] The primer coating composition that produces at least one primer coating is preferably applied to at least one pre-coated or uncoated surface of the spectacle lens substrate by dip coating or spin coating. The components of the primer coating composition that produces at least one primer coating are used in a manner that, based on the total weight of the primer coating composition, sums to 100% by weight.

[0134] Antibacterial coating

[0135] The "antimicrobial coating" according to the present invention is defined as a coating that kills 99.9% of at least one type of bacteria as measured according to ISO 22196:2011.

[0136] Antiviral coating

[0137] The "antiviral coating" according to the present invention is defined as a coating that kills 99.9% of at least one type of virus (e.g., enveloped virus) as measured according to ISO 21702:2019.

[0138] matrix

[0139] Antimicrobial or antiviral coatings contain media, reagents, or active ingredients that provide antimicrobial and / or antiviral properties, or that induce antimicrobial and / or antiviral properties. These media, reagents, or active ingredients are incorporated in small amounts into a base structure, base material, base compound, or base layer. The latter is referred to as a matrix in the context of this invention.

[0140] Photochromic coating

[0141] According to section 3.5.11 of ISO 13666:2019, photochromic lenses are defined as lenses (3.5.2) whose transmittance reversibly changes depending on the irradiance and wavelength of the light radiation (3.1.1) to which they are exposed (3.17.6). These lenses are designed to respond to wavelengths within the solar spectrum (primarily 300 nm to 450 nm). Transmittance characteristics are generally affected by ambient temperature. The transmittance of photochromic lenses can vary between a faded state (3.17.11) and a darkened state (3.17.12).

[0142] Section 3.17.6 of the standard defines transmittance τ as... V Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the luminous flux transmitted through a lens (3.5.2) or filter to the incident luminous flux under a specified light source and photopic vision. Transmittance is expressed as a percentage and calculated using the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] Where λ is the wavelength of light, in nanometers; τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance; S D65 (λ) is the spectral distribution of incident radiation from the CIE standard light source D65 (see ISO 11664-2); V(λ) is the CIE 2° spectral luminous efficiency function of sunlight (see ISO 11664-1).

[0145] According to section 3.17.11 of ISO 13666:2019, a faded state is the state of a photochromic lens (3.5.11) before exposure to light radiation (3.1.1) or after a period of time in darkness. For testing or reporting purposes applicable in the context of this invention, ISO 8980-3:2003 (now ISO 8980-3:2013(E)) specifies conditioning treatments for the properties of the lens (3.5.2) or material, after which light transmittance (3.17.6) is given the symbol τ. v0 .

[0146] Section 3.17.12 of ISO 13666:2019 defines the darkening state as the state of a photochromic lens (3.5.11) after exposure to light radiation (3.1.1). In the context of this invention, ISO 8980-3:2003 (now ISO 8980-3:2013(E)), the properties of the lens (3.5.2), or the material specify the defined exposure, irradiance, and test temperature. In ISO 8980-3:2003, the transmittance (3.17.6) in these states is given the symbol τ. V1 τ VW τ VS and τ VA .

[0147] The photochromic coating according to the invention is any coating that provides the aforementioned photochromic properties to the corresponding spectacle lens. The photochromic coating should not include coatings in which the photochromic effect is negligible (i.e., because, according to the definition described above, the change in transmittance between the faded and darkened states is, for example, less than 1.1).

[0148] According to embodiments of the present invention, the coating of the spectacle lens may include a photochromic coating. Preferably, only the pre-coated or uncoated finished front surface of the spectacle lens substrate contains or is coated with a photochromic coating. If the spectacle lens includes at least one hard coating, optionally at least one primer coating, and at least one photochromic coating, preferably, the at least one photochromic coating is a coating that is immediately adjacent to, but not necessarily adjacent to, the surface of the spectacle lens substrate to be coated, and the hard coating is the coating furthest from said surface. The surface of the spectacle lens substrate is preferably optically finished and may be pre-coated or uncoated. If the spectacle lens includes at least one hard coating, optionally at least one primer coating, at least one photochromic coating, and at least one antibacterial and / or antiviral coating, preferably, the at least one photochromic coating is a coating that is immediately adjacent to, but not necessarily adjacent to, the surface of the spectacle lens substrate to be coated, and the at least one antibacterial and / or antiviral coating is the coating furthest from said surface. At least one photochromic coating may be based, for example, on the photochromic composition described in EP 1433 814A1, EP 1 602 479 A1 or EP 1 561 571 A1.

[0149] EP 1 433 814 A1, particularly EP 1 433 814 A1, claim 1, discloses a photochromic composition comprising (1) 100 parts by weight of a radically polymerizable monomer; (2) 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of an amine compound; and (3) 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of a photochromic compound, wherein the radically polymerizable monomers include radically polymerizable monomers having silanol groups or groups that form silanol groups by hydrolysis, and / or radically polymerizable monomers having isocyanate groups. According to EP 1 433 814 A1, to increase the adhesion between the photochromic coating produced by the photochromic composition described therein and the spectacle lens substrate, radically polymerizable monomers having silanol groups or groups that form silanol groups by hydrolysis, or radically polymerizable monomers having isocyanate groups, are used. The monomers available are mentioned in EP 1 433 814 A1, from paragraph

[0025] on page 3 to paragraph

[0046] on page 7. Furthermore, according to EP 1433 814 A1, the photochromic composition may contain other free-radical polymerizable monomers. As other polymerizable monomers, a combination of a free-radical polymerizable monomer having a homopolymer L-grade Rockwell hardness of at least 60 (“high-hardness monomer”) and a free-radical polymerizable monomer having a homopolymer L-grade Rockwell hardness of 40 or less (“low-hardness monomer”) is preferably used to improve the characteristic properties (such as solvent resistance, hardness, and heat resistance) or photochromic properties (such as color intensity and fading rate) of the resulting photochromic coating. Examples and explanations regarding high-hardness and low-hardness monomers are given in EP 1433 814 A1, from paragraph

[0052] on page 7 to paragraph

[0096] on page 13. To improve the balance of characteristic properties (such as solvent resistance, hardness, and heat resistance) or photochromic properties (such as color intensity and fading rate) of the resulting photochromic coating, the amount of low-hardness monomer is preferably 5% to 70% by weight and the amount of high-hardness monomer is preferably 5% to 95% by weight, based on the total amount of all other radical-polymerizable monomers except for radical-polymerizable monomers having silanol groups or groups that form silanol groups by hydrolysis and radical-polymerizable monomers having isocyanate groups. Furthermore, according to EP 1 433 814 A1, it is particularly preferred that monomers having at least three radical-polymerizable groups be included as high-hardness monomers in an amount of at least 5% by weight based on the total amount of all other radical-polymerizable monomers. More preferably, according to EP 1 433 814 A1, in addition to the monomers classified by hardness mentioned above, radical-polymerizable monomers also include radical-polymerizable monomers having at least one epoxy group and at least one radical-polymerizable group in the molecule. The durability of photochromic compounds and the adhesion of photochromic coatings can be improved by using monomers that are free radical polymerizable with at least one epoxy group.EP 1 433 814 A1, page 13, paragraph

[0101] to page 14, paragraph

[0105] , discloses a radically polymerizable monomer having at least one epoxy group and at least one radically polymerizable group in the molecule. According to EP 1 433 814 A1, the amount of the radically polymerizable monomer having at least one epoxy group and at least one radically polymerizable group in the molecule is preferably from 0.01 wt% to 30 wt%, particularly preferably from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%, based on the total amount of all other radically polymerizable monomers. The photochromic composition described in EP 1 433 814 A1 comprises at least one amine compound in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of all radically polymerizable monomers other than the aforementioned radically polymerizable monomer. Examples of the at least one amine compound are given in EP 1 433 814 A1, page 14, paragraph

[0108] to page 15, paragraph

[0112] . The photochromic composition disclosed in EP 1 433 814 A1 comprises at least one photochromic compound in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on the total amount of 100 parts by weight of all free radical polymerizable monomers. Examples of photochromic compounds are given in EP 1 433 814 A1, page 15, paragraph

[0114] to page 20, paragraph

[0122] .

[0150] EP 1 602 479 A1, particularly EP 1 602 479 A1, claim 9, discloses a photochromic composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a free-radical polymerizable monomer, 0.001 to 5 parts by weight of a silicone-based or fluorinated surfactant, and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of a photochromic compound. According to EP 1 602 479 A1, the photochromic composition comprises a free-radical polymerizable monomer having a silanol group or a group that forms a silanol group through hydrolysis, an amine compound, and a photochromic compound. The amount of the free-radical polymerizable monomer having a silanol group or a group that forms a silanol group through hydrolysis is suitably 0.5% to 20% by weight, particularly 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of all coatings. According to EP 1602 479... A1 can be used with other radically polymerizable monomers that have silanol groups or groups that form silanol groups through hydrolysis, such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triethylene glycol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, urethane oligomer tetraacrylate, urethane oligomer hexamethacrylate, and urethane. Oligomeric hexaacrylate, polyester oligomeric hexaacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 2,2-bis(4-methacryloyloxyethoxydiphenyl)propane, glycidyl methacrylate, 2,2-bis(4-acryloyloxypolyethylene glycol phenyl)propane with an average molecular weight of 776, or methyl ether polyethylene glycol methacrylate with an average molecular weight of 475. Other free radical polymerizable monomers are suitably used in amounts from 20% to 90% by weight, particularly from 40% to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. The amount of amine compounds (such as triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) is suitably from 0.01% to 15% by weight, particularly from 0.1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. The amount of photochromic compounds (such as naphthopyran derivatives, chromene derivatives, spirooxazine derivatives, spiropyran derivatives, or flugimide derivatives) is suitably from 0.1% to 30% by weight, particularly from 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. If the spectacle lens includes at least one photochromic coating, preferably the front surface of the uncoated or pre-coated spectacle lens substrate includes at least one photochromic coating, then the spectacle lens may optionally include at least one photochromic primer.Preferably, the front surface of the spectacle lens substrate includes at least one photochromic primer and at least one photochromic coating, the photochromic coating being its outermost coating. The at least one photochromic primer may be included in the polyurethane resin layer disclosed in EP 1602 479A1, particularly in claim 1 of EP 1602 479 A1, or in the primer layer disclosed in WO 03 / 058300A1, particularly on page 22, line 3 to page 23, line 13 of WO 03 / 058300A1.

[0151] Mirror coating

[0152] High reflectivity (HR) coatings or dielectric specular coatings function in the opposite way to antireflective coatings. In the context of this invention, the term "spectral coating" refers to any coating that increases reflectivity to a value higher than that of an uncoated substrate in a wavelength range greater than 50 nm.

[0153] According to embodiments of the present invention, spectacle lenses may include a mirror coating. The mirror coating typically comprises alternating dielectric layers in a Bragg mirror manner and / or at least one translucent metal layer. The at least one translucent metal layer may include, for example, an aluminum layer, a chromium layer, a gold layer, and / or a silver layer, preferably a silver layer. The thickness of the translucent metal layer is typically in the range of 4 nm to 48 nm, more typically in the range of 8 nm to 41 nm, and most typically in the range of 17 nm to 33 nm. The at least one translucent metal layer is typically applied by physical vapor deposition.

[0154] Anti-reflective coating

[0155] Section 3.18.3 of ISO 13666:2019 defines “anti-reflective coating” as a coating on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to reduce light reflected from its surface (3.1.2).

[0156] In the context of this invention, the term "anti-reflective coating" refers to any coating that reduces light reflected from its surface (3.1.2) such that the value of the light reflectance factor ρv, as determined and defined according to Section 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006, is less than 2.5%. It should be noted that any coating or layer that does not contribute to the anti-reflective properties of the spectacle lens should not be part of an anti-reflective coating. This means, for example, that a so-called λ / 2 layer does not constitute part of an anti-reflective coating because it does not contribute to the anti-reflective properties of the coating. For this reason, such a layer is also called an absent layer. Primer layers and hard coats generally also do not constitute part of an anti-reflective coating because their thickness exceeds the wavelength of visible light and their refractive index is close to that of the spectacle lens substrate. Their contribution to the anti-reflective properties is negligible. Cleaning coatings should not constitute part of an anti-reflective coating because, due to their thickness being less than 6 nm, as a top layer with a refractive index close to the bottom layer, their contribution to the anti-reflective properties is negligible.

[0157] Many antireflective coatings consist of a transparent thin-film structure with alternating layers of extremely different refractive indices. The layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the light beam reflected from the interface and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted light beam. This causes the structure's properties to vary with wavelength and incident angle, so color effects often appear at tilted angles.

[0158] The spectacle lens preferably includes at least one antireflective coating. The at least one antireflective coating preferably comprises alternating discrete layers of metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and / or metal oxide hydrates, these layers being composed of or containing aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium, yttrium, tantalum, neodymium, lanthanum, niobium, and / or praseodymium. The at least one antireflective coating preferably comprises at least one layer of silicon-based or silicon-containing metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and / or metal oxide hydrates, which preferably forms the outermost layer of the antireflective coating. The antireflective coating typically comprises a stack of at least one layer having a high refractive index (HRI) and at least one layer having a low refractive index (LRI). A layer with an intermediate reflectivity (IRI) may also be present.

[0159] There is no limit to the number of layers. However, from the perspective of reducing broadband reflection, the total number of antireflective coating layers is preferably greater than or equal to 3 layers, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 layers and less than or equal to 9 layers.

[0160] Preferably, the HRI layer has a physical thickness ranging from 10 nm to 120 nm, and the LRI layer has a physical thickness ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. At least one antireflective coating has a total layer thickness preferably ranging from 100 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 110 nm to 800 nm, more preferably from 120 nm to 750 nm, more preferably from 130 nm to 700 nm, and most preferably from 140 nm to 500 nm.

[0161] At least one antireflective coating can preferably be designed with respect to its desired optical properties using OptiLayer software version 12.37 from OptiLayer GmbH (Garching b. München, 85748) or EssentialMacLeod software version 11.00.541 from Thin Film Center Inc. (Via Rotunda, 2745E, Tulsa, AZ USA). For the design of at least one antireflective coating, the corresponding refractive index of the layer materials is preferably assumed to be wavelength-dependent. If the antireflective coating comprises at least one SiO2 layer and at least one TiO2 layer, the design of the antireflective coating is preferably based on the refractive index of TiO2 (n = 2.420 at 550 nm) and the refractive index of SiO2 (n = 1.468 at 550 nm).

[0162] At least one antireflective coating may include the layer sequence and layer thickness shown in Figures 3 and 5 of EP 2 437 084 A1, in each case between the superhydrophobic layer and the hard varnish layer, or the layer sequence and layer thickness disclosed in paragraph

[0056] of EP 2 801 846 A1.

[0163] In an eyeglass lens comprising at least one hard coating and at least one antireflective coating, the antireflective coating preferably forms the outermost coating. The antireflective coating is preferably disposed on top of at least one hard coating on the eye side and / or the object side of the eyeglass lens.

[0164] cluster

[0165] In the context of this invention, "cluster" should refer to a collection of atoms or molecules containing between 3 million and 10 million atoms or molecules, preferably between 10 million and 10 million. 2 With 10 7 Atoms or molecules between 10, more preferably in 10 2 With 2.10 6 Atoms or molecules within a cluster. Atoms or molecules within a cluster can be of the same type or different types.

[0166] Antistatic coating

[0167] According to section 3.18.8 of standard ISO 13666:2019, an antistatic coating is a coating on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to reduce static electricity on the surface to reduce dust attraction. Antistatic properties can be determined by measuring the surface resistivity of the coated lens. In the context of this invention, with a resistivity greater than 2 × 10⁻⁶... 12 Compared to lens substrates with a surface resistivity of ohms / square, lenses with an antistatic coating have a surface resistivity of less than 2 × 10⁻⁶ ohms / square. 12 Surface resistivity in ohms per square.

[0168] In one embodiment of the invention, the spectacle lens may include at least one conductive or semi-conductive (but still transparent) layer. At least one conductive or semi-conductive layer may include, for example, a layer consisting of or containing indium tin oxide (In₂O₃). 0.9 (SnO2) 0.1 The conductive or semi-conductive layer comprises ITO, tin fluoride oxyfluoride (SnO2:F; FTO), zinc aluminum oxide (ZnO:Al; AZO), and / or antimony tin oxide (SnO2:Sb; ATO). Preferably, the conductive or semi-conductive layer comprises a layer composed of or containing ITO, or a layer composed of or containing FTO. The conductive or semi-conductive layer, arranged as the outermost layer of the lens on the object side and / or eye side, reduces or prevents the lens from carrying static electricity. This, in turn, facilitates the cleaning of the lens. At least one conductive or semi-conductive layer may be one of the layers of an anti-reflective coating.

[0169] Preferably, at least one antireflective coating is manufactured by physical vapor deposition, and more preferably by electron beam evaporation or thermal evaporation in a vacuum chamber.

[0170] Cleaning coating

[0171] According to section 3.18.4 of ISO 13666:2019, a cleaning coating is a coating on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to repel dust and grease and / or make the surface easier to clean.

[0172] In the context of this invention, the term "clean coating" refers to any coating that provides the above-described properties.

[0173] Preferably, the water contact angle of at least one cleaning coating is in the range of 90° to 120°, more preferably in the range of 105° to 115°. The water contact angle is preferably determined using an OCA20 contact angle meter from DataPhysics Instruments with deionized water of droplet sizes of 1 and 10 μL as the liquid.

[0174] At least one cleaning coating component can impart oleophobic or hydrophobic properties to the cleaning coating. For example, oleophobic or hydrophobic properties of cleaning coatings are disclosed in EP 1 392 613A1, wherein water forms a contact angle greater than 90°, preferably greater than 100°, and particularly greater than 110°. At least one cleaning coating component may include, for example, at least one fluorinated organic component covalently bonded to the underlying adjacent coating (as disclosed in claim 1 of DE 198 48 591A1), or at least one component based on a perfluoropolyether. At least one cleaning coating component preferably has hydrophobicity to ensure that the lens has an easy-to-clean surface. Typical contaminants on the lens surface can then be easily removed by droplets, preferably water droplets, simply rolling off or a combination of rolling and wiping. At least one cleaning coating component preferably comprises at least one silane having at least one fluorinated group, preferably having more than 20 carbon atoms. Commonly, it contains at least one -(CF2). X - Perfluorinated or polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS) with silane functional groups in unit (x≥1).

[0175] At least one cleaning coating preferably comprises a perfluoropolyether, a perfluoroalkylsilane, and / or a perfluoroalkylsiloxane. At least one cleaning coating is preferably applied by vacuum deposition, as described above.

[0176] Hydrophobic coating

[0177] According to section 3.18.5 of ISO 13666:2019, hydrophobic coatings include coatings on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to repel water droplets.

[0178] hydrophilic coating

[0179] Section 3.18.6 of ISO 13666:2019 defines “hydrophilic coating” as a coating on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to be very easy to wet, so that any water droplets on it diffuse and coalesce into a uniform film on the surface.

[0180] Anti-fog coating

[0181] According to section 3.18.7 of ISO 13666:2019, "antifog coating" is described as a hydrophobic (3.18.5) or hydrophilic coating (3.18.6) on the surface of a lens (3.5.2) designed to reduce fogging caused by condensation of water vapor droplets on the lens surface when the relatively cold lens is placed in a warm and humid environment.

[0182] If the eyeglass lens includes at least one anti-fog coating and at least one cleaning coating, the at least one cleaning coating is preferably its outermost layer.

[0183] Antifogging coatings may contain antifogging resins or surfactants, including highly hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, (sodium) polyacrylate, or polyurethanes containing hydrophilic groups. For example, antifogging resins are commercially available under the names UVAF, AFC-GW, AFC-133P12G, AFC-SW6M, and AFC-G*NK (from Gelwell Biotech Corp) or Visgard Premium, Visgard Premium SE, Visgard Premium Plus, and Visgard Elite (from FSI Coating Technologies, Inc.).

[0184] The average thickness of at least one anti-fog coating is not subject to any particular limitation. Preferably, the average thickness of at least one anti-fog coating is in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm, more preferably in the range of 2 μm to 17 μm, more preferably in the range of 3 μm to 15 μm, most preferably in the range of 4 μm to 12 μm, and particularly preferably in the range of 5 μm to 10 μm. The average thickness is preferably determined by at least one scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a cross-section of a spectacle lens comprising at least one spectacle lens substrate and at least one anti-fog coating. In at least one SEM image, the physical thickness of at least one anti-fog coating is determined at at least three locations, and its arithmetic mean is obtained.

[0185] Data carrier

[0186] A data carrier is any medium capable of holding computer-readable data. Examples include hard drives and thumb drives used with computers.

[0187] Data carrier signal

[0188] Data carrier signals are the structures by which information is transmitted or transmitted, such as in a network; data carrier signals can be transmitted or transmitted as modulations such as binary codes or pulses, and can be contained in data packets.

[0189] In a first embodiment of the invention as claimed in claim 1, the spectacle lens includes (i) an anti-reflective coating, or

[0190] (ii) Mirror coating.

[0191] The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple layers. The outermost stacked layer, that is, the layer furthest from the lens substrate among the multiple layers of the stack, contains silver (Ag). The silver is intended to provide antibacterial and / or antiviral properties.

[0192] According to the present invention, the outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix comprising a plurality of individual silver (Ag) atoms and / or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters. Such silver (Ag) clusters may have a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. Preferably, the size of such silver clusters has a dimension not exceeding 15 nm or even 10 nm. Maximum extension refers to the dimension with the greatest possible extension. The maximum extension of a sphere is its diameter. The maximum extension of an ellipsoid is the longest of its axes of symmetry or principal axes. Since increasing the size of the silver clusters reduces the translucency of the lens, the size of these clusters may not exceed these values.

[0193] On the other hand, the size of these clusters affects the antiviral properties of the lenses. It has been found that the size, expressed in terms of maximum expansion, should not be less than 2 mm, and preferably not less than 5 nm.

[0194] It should be mentioned here that the antireflective coating or (ii) specular coating according to the invention, comprising such antiviral or antibacterial active stacked layers, can be applied to one or both of the main surfaces of the spectacle lens substrate. The spectacle lens substrate may have an antireflective coating or specular coating on one of its surfaces, without such antiviral or antibacterial active stacked layers. Preferably, at least the antireflective coating or (ii) specular coating according to the invention having such silver atoms or silver clusters is applied to the front surface of the spectacle lens. This measure should prevent infection by harmful viruses and bacteria exhaled by a third party.

[0195] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.5 at%, preferably less than 1.3 at%, and more preferably less than 1.2 at%. It has been found that the transmittance and antibacterial / antiviral properties are most optimal when the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.8 at% and 1.5 at%, or between 0.9 at% and 1.3 at%, or between 1.0 at% and 1.2 at%, or even between 1.05 at% and 1.15 at%, to meet the needs of eyeglass wearers.

[0196] An alternative second embodiment to the first embodiment described above is an eyeglass lens, which includes...

[0197] (i) Anti-reflective coating, or

[0198] (ii) Mirror coating.

[0199] The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers. The stack includes an outermost stacked layer. The outermost stacked layer contains silver (Ag). According to the invention, the outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag). The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges: less than 1.5 at%, less than 1.3 at%, or even less than 1.2 at%. Preferably, there is also a lower limit for the silver content: therefore, the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​preferably between 0.8 at% and 1.5 at%, more preferably between 0.9 at% and 1.3 at%, and even more preferably between 1.0 at% and 1.2 at%. Most preferably, the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 1.05 at% and 1.15 at%. This adjustment of transmission and antibacterial / antiviral properties meets the needs of eyeglass wearers for transparency and health-related antiviral / antibacterial effects.

[0200] Another alternative third embodiment relates to a spectacle lens, which includes

[0201] (i) Anti-reflective coating, or

[0202] (ii) Mirror coating.

[0203] The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers. The stack includes an outermost stacked layer. At least the outermost stacked layer contains silver (Ag).

[0204] According to the invention, the silver (Ag) (all) in at least the outermost stacked layer and, depending on the specific case, in other layers of the stack, or even in other layers below or above it, has a content that causes a photochromic effect. The content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that (in combination with all other layers containing silver) the change in light transmittance (τv0) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 and the light transmittance (τv1) of the spectacle lens in the darkened state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.3 is within the range of the following group:

[0205] (A)τv1 / τv0≤0.95,

[0206] (B)τv1 / τv0≤0.98,

[0207] (C)0.95≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995,

[0208] (D)0.98≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995,

[0209] (E)0.985≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995.

[0210] The inventors have discovered that such adjustments include modifying the transmission properties and antibacterial / antiviral properties to meet the needs of eyeglass wearers for increased / sufficient transparency and increased / sufficient health-related antiviral / antibacterial effects.

[0211] In preferred but optional embodiments, the transmittance τv0 in the faded state, as defined in 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3:2013(E), exceeds 95%, preferably 96%, and most preferably 97%.

[0212] Another fourth alternative embodiment relates to an eyeglass lens, which includes an eyeglass lens substrate and

[0213] (i) Anti-reflective coating, or

[0214] (ii) Mirror coating.

[0215] The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple layers. The stack includes an outermost layer. The outermost layer contains silver (Ag). The outermost layer has an outer surface facing away from the surface of the spectacle lens.

[0216] According to the present invention, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is designed to have a diffusivity (D) F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer. The air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval. The first time interval is up to ten hours longer than a second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate. Guidelines for manufacturing coatings having this water molecule diffusivity characteristic are disclosed in US 9,778,484 B2.

[0217] Providing such diffusivity properties to lens coatings designated to offer antiviral and / or antibacterial effects allows water to penetrate the coating and exit with dissolved silver ions, which is a prerequisite for antiviral and / or antibacterial efficacy.

[0218] Another fifth alternative embodiment relates to an eyeglass lens, which includes

[0219] (i) Anti-reflective coating, or

[0220] (ii) Mirror coating.

[0221] The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers. The stack includes an outermost stacked layer. At least the outermost stacked layer contains silver (Ag).

[0222] According to the present invention, the silver (Ag) content in at least the outermost stacked layer is such that when silver (Ag) ions are released from the eyeglasses by exposing the eyeglasses to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees Celsius for six hours, the concentration of silver (Ag) ions dissolved in the deionized water is measured to be at least 0.1 mg / L, preferably at least 0.12 mg / L, and most preferably at least 0.15 mg / L.

[0223] Similar to the aforementioned alternative embodiments, the manufacturing of the spectacle lens is adjusted to achieve the corresponding diffusivity characteristics. Providing such diffusivity characteristics is preferably combined with the aforementioned amount of silver in the outermost stacked layer and / or the aforementioned cluster formation and / or the aforementioned overall coating structure of the spectacle lens, which is suitable for providing the aforementioned antiviral and / or antibacterial effects. In particular, the spectacle lens characteristics described above allow water to penetrate the coating and exit with dissolved silver ions, which is a prerequisite for antiviral and / or antibacterial efficacy.

[0224] In a preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens according to one of the third to fifth embodiments of the present invention is characterized in that the outermost stacked layer is a SiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag). An advantage of this embodiment is that the SiO2 layer is typically used as the outermost stacked layer for antireflective or specular coatings, and a certain amount of silver can be incorporated into the base material matrix of the SiO2 layer using typical antireflective or specular coating deposition techniques.

[0225] The inventors have discovered that the geometry and chemical state of silver significantly affect optical and antiviral / antibacterial properties. Therefore, according to a further preferred embodiment of the foregoing embodiments, the deposition parameters used to fabricate the outermost stacked layer are adjusted such that at least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix forms clusters with a maximum extension of less than 20 nm, preferably less than 15 nm, and more preferably less than 10 nm. The preferred minimum size of such clusters, expressed in terms of maximum extension, has been determined to be between 2 mm and 5 mm. Such a size constitutes a trade-off between sufficient transparency and sufficient antiviral / antibacterial activity in the spectacle lens.

[0226] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the spectacle lens described in the two foregoing embodiments is further characterized in that at least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix consists of silver (Ag) atoms interstitially arranged in the SiO2 matrix. Contrary to chemical bonds to oxygen or, depending on the specific case, bonds in the crystal lattice structure, this interstitial arrangement of Ag in the SiO2 matrix provides the ability to dissolve in water, which constitutes a prerequisite for antiviral and / or antibacterial activity.

[0227] The preferred embodiment of the spectacle lens is a development of or application to all the above embodiments, characterized in that: the outermost stacked layer has a thickness within at least one of the following ranges:

[0228] i. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 50 nm.

[0229] ii. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 40 nm.

[0230] iii. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 30 nm.

[0231] iv. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm.

[0232] v. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

[0233] This thickness range of the outermost stacked layer is suitable for application in typical AR coating or mirror coating stacks. The lower limit is a result of providing sufficient antiviral and / or antibacterial activity. The upper limit is a result of the relationship between providing sufficient antiviral and / or antibacterial activity, providing sufficient transparency for the lens, providing the desired interference effect, and limiting the total silver content to the desired amount.

[0234] Furthermore, the inventors have discovered that if not only the outermost stacked layer contains a certain amount of silver, but also the underlying stacked layers contain a certain amount of silver, the overall optical and antiviral / antibacterial properties can be improved. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the spectacle lens according to the invention, in addition to the outermost stacked layer, at least one of the stacked layers may contain silver (Ag).

[0235] Preferably, for the same reason described in detail above with reference to the outermost stacked layer, at least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the at least one layer of the stacked layers forms clusters, except for the outermost stacked layer. The silver (Ag) clusters in the at least one layer of the stacked layers, except for the outermost stacked layer, have a preferred maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges:

[0236] (a) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm.

[0237] (b) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm.

[0238] (c) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm.

[0239] (d) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm.

[0240] (e) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm.

[0241] (f) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm.

[0242] (g) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm.

[0243] (h) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

[0244] (i) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

[0245] A further preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, in addition to the outermost stacked layer containing the silver (Ag), at least one of the at least one of the stacked layers constitutes a TiO2 layer containing the silver (Ag) as an option. The inventors have discovered that the TiO2 matrix is ​​suitable for accumulating or binding silver during manufacturing and is further suitable for releasing silver ions upon contact with water, even when these layers are covered by other stacked layers. This layer structure can improve antiviral and / or antibacterial properties without significantly negatively impacting the overall optical properties of the lens, particularly its transmission properties.

[0246] The inventors have discovered that, for example, if the proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges, improvements in antiviral and / or antibacterial properties can be achieved without significantly negatively impacting the overall optical, particularly transmission, properties of the lens:

[0247] a) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.9 at%.

[0248] b) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.8 at%.

[0249] c) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.7 at%.

[0250] d) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.2 at% and 0.9 at%.

[0251] e) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.25 at% and 0.8 at%.

[0252] f) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.3 at% and 0.75 at%.

[0253] g) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 0.35 at% to 0.7 at%.

[0254] Alternatively, in addition to the outermost stacked layer, at least one of the at least one of the stacked layers may optionally be a SiO2 matrix containing silver (Ag), constituting a SiO2 layer containing said silver (Ag). An interference layer comprising multiple alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2 may form an AR coating or a mirror coating.

[0255] In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention according to the above description, the spectacle lens may optionally be further characterized in that, in addition to the outermost stacked layer, the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix of the at least one of the stacked layers is within at least one of the following ranges:

[0256] a) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.25 at%.

[0257] b) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.2 at%.

[0258] c) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.15 at%.

[0259] d) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.01 at% and 0.25 at%.

[0260] e) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.01 at% and 0.2 at%.

[0261] f) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 0.01 at% to 0.15 at%.

[0262] According to another embodiment, the spectacle lens may optionally be characterized in that the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix of the first stacked layer is lower than the proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix of the second stacked layer adjacent to the first stacked layer.

[0263] According to yet another embodiment, the lens may optionally be characterized in that the outermost stacked layer constitutes a top coating layer or is a layer below and adjacent to the top coating layer.

[0264] According to another embodiment, the lens may optionally be characterized in that the top coating is one of a cleaning coating, a hydrophobic coating, a hydrophilic coating, or an anti-fog coating.

[0265] According to yet another embodiment, the lens may optionally include at least one of a hard coating, a primer coating, a photochromic coating, an antistatic coating, an adhesion-promoting layer, or an adhesive layer.

[0266] Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, as measured according to ISO 21702:2019, the silver (Ag) content in the eyeglass lens is optionally set to kill 99.9% of enveloped viruses.

[0267] Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the silver (Ag) content in the eyeglass lens, as measured according to ISO 22196:2011, is optionally set to kill 99.9% of bacteria.

[0268] Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to spectacle lenses in the form of computer-readable data. The computer-readable data of the spectacle lenses can...

[0269] (i) stored on a computer-readable data carrier, or

[0270] (ii) is the form of the data carrier signal.

[0271] Preferably, the computer-readable data of the spectacle lens includes a representation of the spectacle lens. The representation of the spectacle lens preferably includes a mathematical description of the surfaces of the spectacle lens or the spectacle lens substrate, particularly a mathematical description of the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens (i) or the spectacle lens substrate (ii). More preferably, the representation of the spectacle lens includes the arrangement of the front to rear surfaces of the spectacle lens (i) or the spectacle lens substrate (ii). The arrangement of the front to rear surfaces may additionally include the thickness of the spectacle lens (i) and / or the spectacle lens substrate (ii), for example, particularly the edge thickness and / or center thickness, and / or the edges.

[0272] More preferably, the computer-readable data of the spectacle lens includes the optical material on which the spectacle lens substrate is based.

[0273] More preferably, the computer-readable data of the eyeglass lens includes the coating order of the stack of multiple stacked layers and the composition of each stacked layer.

[0274] Computer-readable data for the spectacle lens may include instructions for using the spectacle lens. Instructions for using the spectacle lens may be selected from at least one of the following: a center point location as defined in section 3.2.35 of ISO 13666:2019(E); a face angle as defined in section 3.2.29 of ISO 13666:2019(E); a vertex distance as defined in section 3.2.40 of ISO 13666:2019(E); a distance reference point as defined in section 3.2.20 of ISO 13666:2019(E); and optionally, a near reference point as defined in section 3.2.21 of ISO 13666:2019(E).

[0275] The computer-readable data of eyeglass lenses may or may not be encrypted.

[0276] Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to computer-readable instructions for manufacturing eyeglass lenses. The computer-readable instructions for manufacturing eyeglass lenses can...

[0277] (i) stored on a computer-readable data carrier, or

[0278] (ii) Converted into data carrier signals.

[0279] Preferably, the computer-readable instructions for producing spectacle lenses include the selection of the optical material on which the lens substrate is based.

[0280] More preferably, the computer-readable instructions for producing eyeglass lenses regarding the coating include at least one instruction selected from the group consisting of: coating sequence, pressure in the chamber for physical vapor deposition, evaporation rate, atmosphere in the chamber for physical vapor deposition, temperature, distance from the material to be evaporated to the surface to be coated, relative movement between the surface to be coated and the material to be evaporated; and optionally, the application of an ion gun.

[0281] A first embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating. The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag). The method includes the following steps:

[0282] 1) The outermost stacked layer is deposited by co-evaporating silver (Ag) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in an oxygen ion atmosphere, wherein the ratio of silver (Ag) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) to oxygen ions is set to form silver (Ag) clusters in a SiO2 matrix, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters have a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges.

[0283] (a) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm.

[0284] (b) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm.

[0285] (c) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm.

[0286] (d) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm.

[0287] (e) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm.

[0288] (f) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm.

[0289] (g) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm.

[0290] (h) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

[0291] (i) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

[0292] Optionally, the above method may be characterized by using an ion source having, for example, the following characteristics during the deposition of a composite layer comprising SiO2 (matrix) and Ag:

[0293] The ion source is of the End-Hall type, such as the Mark II+ from Veeco, Planeview, 11803, New York, USA. The ions are oxygen ions, typically ranging from 2 to 6 × 10⁻⁶. -4 The energy under vacuum conditions of mbar ranges from 80 eV to 100 eV. Under these conditions, the ion current density at the substrate site is between 30 and 50 μA / cm². 2 Between. In ion sources of this type, the ion beam is neutralized by electron emission. In addition to oxygen ions leaving the ion source, molecular oxygen is optionally added to the vacuum chamber.

[0294] A second embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating. The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least the outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising the following steps:

[0295] 1) The outermost stacked layer is deposited by co-evaporation of silver (Ag), wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set to induce a photochromic effect, wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that the change in light transmittance (τv0) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 and the change in light transmittance (τv1) of the spectacle lens in the darkened state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.3 is within the following group:

[0296] (A)τv1 / τv0≤0.95,

[0297] (B)τv1 / τv0≤0.98,

[0298] (C)0.95≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995,

[0299] (D)0.98≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995,

[0300] (E)0.985≤τv1 / τv0≤0.995.

[0301] The above method may optionally be characterized by the following additional steps:

[0302] 2) Diffusion of the silver (Ag) into a stack layer that is different from the outermost stack layer.

[0303] A third embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising an eyeglass lens substrate and (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating. The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the outermost stack layer having an outer surface facing away from the surface of the eyeglass lens, the method comprising the following steps:

[0304] 1) Deposit the outermost stacked layer such that the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating has a diffusivity (D). F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer; the air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval; and the first time interval is at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate.

[0305] A fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating. The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating is composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least the outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag). The method includes the following steps:

[0306] 1) Deposit at least the outermost stacked layer such that the silver (Ag) content in at least the outermost stacked layer is such that silver (Ag) ions from the eyeglasses are released after the eyeglasses are exposed to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees Celsius for six hours, providing an ion concentration of at least 0.1 mg / L dissolved in the deionized water.

[0307] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are shown below:

[0308] Figure 1 The layer structure according to a first example of a spectacle lens according to the invention;

[0309] Figure 2 The layer structure of a second example of an eyeglass lens according to the present invention.

[0310] Figure 1 The layer structure of a first example of a spectacle lens according to the invention is shown. The spectacle lens is based on a spectacle lens substrate, which, according to the example, is described in the general definition section of the specification. or Made of materials.

[0311] The front surface of the spectacle lens substrate is covered with a coating stack comprising a hard coating layer, an adhesion-promoting layer, an anti-reflective coating layer, and a top coating layer, starting from the substrate surface. The hard coating layer comprises a single layer made of a material with a trade name... Made from sourced materials, the thickness is approximately 2000 nm. The adhesion-promoting layer is a 6 nm thick ZrO2. The anti-reflective coating consists of nine layers. Figure 1 The layers are designated as "Layer 1" to "Layer 9". Layers 1 to 5 are alternating layers of SiO2 and TiO2. Layer 6 is an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer used as an antistatic layer. Layer 7 is a TiO2 layer, while layer 8 is SiO2 that is essentially free of Ag (0.12 at%), and layer 9 is SiO2 with a high Ag content (1.14 at%). The top coating is made by [trade name missing]. A layer made of a known material.

[0312] The back surface of the spectacle lens substrate is covered with a coating stack comprising a hard coating layer, an adhesion-promoting layer, an anti-reflective coating layer, and a top coating layer, starting from the substrate surface. The hard coating layer comprises a single layer made of a material with a trade name... Made from sourced materials, the thickness is approximately 2000 nm. The adhesion-promoting layer is a 6 nm thick ZrO2. The anti-reflective coating consists of eight layers. Figure 1 The layers are designated as "Layer 1" to "Layer 8". Layers 1 to 5 are alternating layers of SiO2 and TiO2. Layer 6 is an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer used as an antistatic layer. Layer 7 is a TiO2 layer, and layer 8 is SiO2. The top coating is made of materials under the trade name... A layer made of a known material.

[0313] The hard coating is deposited using a wet chemical deposition method. Other materials constituting the antireflective coating are deposited using physical vapor deposition. The top coating is deposited by thermal evaporation in a vacuum.

[0314] In the context of this invention, it is noteworthy that, in particular, both the front and rear coatings are deposited in layer 8 as follows:

[0315] SiO2 is evaporated from an electron beam gun in a vacuum chamber. The power of the electron beam gun is selected to achieve a deposition rate between 1 and 3 nm / s. The pressure during deposition is between 1 and 4 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Between mbar. Optionally, molecular oxygen between 0 and 20 sccm can be added to the vacuum chamber.

[0316] Layer 9 is deposited as follows:

[0317] Silver and silicon dioxide were co-deposited simultaneously using two evaporation sources in a vacuum chamber. These evaporation sources could be an electron beam gun for SiO2 and a thermal evaporator for Ag. The power of the two evaporation sources was selected in a way that achieved an appropriate silver content in the matrix. This was done via a calibration process in which the sources were operated individually and the corresponding film thicknesses were measured. The appropriate power ratio was calculated from the film thicknesses of both films.

[0318] During the co-deposition of a composite layer comprising SiO2 (matrix) and Ag, an ion source with, for example, the following characteristics is used:

[0319] The ion source is of the End-Hall type, such as the Mark II+ from Veeco, Planeview, 11803, New York, USA. The ions are oxygen ions, typically ranging from 2 to 6 × 10⁻⁶. -4 The energy under vacuum conditions of mbar ranges from 80 eV to 100 eV. Under these conditions, the ion current density at the substrate site is between 30 and 50 μA / cm². 2 Between. In ion sources of this type, the ion beam is neutralized by electron emission. In addition to oxygen ions leaving the ion source, molecular oxygen is optionally added to the vacuum chamber.

[0320] During and after silver deposition, the silver is encouraged to diffuse into the layer below the outermost stacked layer of the antireflective coating, namely layer 9. Therefore, silver is present not only in the outermost stacked layer forming the antireflective coating, but also in the other layers of the antireflective coating. The corresponding amount of silver is shown in… Figure 1 In the right sidebar.

[0321] The deposition parameters are adjusted to induce a photochromic effect by the silver, wherein the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that the change in light transmittance (τv0) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 and the light transmittance (τv1) of the spectacle lens in the darkened state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.3 is within the range of 0.95 ≤ τv1 / τv0 ≤ 0.995.

[0322] In addition, the deposition parameters were adjusted so that the silver clusters formed in the outermost stacked layer 9 have a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

[0323] Figure 2 A layered structure according to a second example of an eyeglass lens according to the invention is shown. The eyeglass lens is based on an eyeglass lens substrate, which, according to the example, may be made of polycarbonate, described in the general definition section of the specification as a suitable eyeglass lens material.

[0324] Both the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens substrate are covered with the same coating. The coating consists of a coating stack comprising a primer coating (e.g., a coating sold under the trade name P12) starting from the substrate surface, a hard coating, an adhesion-promoting layer, an anti-reflective coating, and an optional top coating. The hard coating comprises a single layer, which is made of a material sold under the trade name P12... It is made from purchased materials and has a thickness of approximately 2000 nm. The adhesion-promoting layer is a 0.5 nm thick CrO₂. x The anti-reflective coating consists of five layers, in Figure 2 The designations are "2F / 2B" to "6F / 6B". Layers 2F / 2B to 5F / 5B are alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2. Layer 6F / 6B is SiO2 with a high Ag content. The top coating can be made by [product name - likely a trade name]. A layer made of a known material.

[0325] The hard coating is deposited using a wet chemical deposition method. Other materials constituting the antireflective coating are deposited using physical vapor deposition. The top coating is deposited by thermal evaporation in a vacuum.

[0326] In the context of this invention, it is worth noting that, in particular, layers 5F / 5B are deposited as follows:

[0327] SiO2 is evaporated from an electron beam gun in a vacuum chamber. The power of the electron beam gun is selected to achieve a deposition rate between 1 and 3 nm / s. The pressure during deposition is between 1 and 4 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Between mbar. Optionally, molecular oxygen between 0 and 20 sccm can be added to the vacuum chamber.

[0328] Layer 6F / 6B was deposited as follows:

[0329] Silver and silicon dioxide were co-deposited simultaneously using two evaporation sources in a vacuum chamber. These evaporation sources could be an electron beam gun for SiO2 and a thermal evaporator for Ag. The power of the two evaporation sources was selected in a way that achieved an appropriate silver content in the matrix. This was done via a calibration process in which the sources were operated individually and the corresponding film thicknesses were measured. The appropriate power ratio was calculated from the film thicknesses of both films.

[0330] During the co-deposition of a composite layer comprising SiO2 (matrix) and Ag, an ion source with, for example, the following characteristics is used:

[0331] The ion source is of the End-Hall type, such as the Mark II+ from Veeco, Planeview, 11803, New York, USA. The ions are oxygen ions, typically ranging from 2 to 6 × 10⁻⁶. -4 The energy under vacuum conditions of mbar ranges from 80 eV to 100 eV. Under these conditions, the ion current density at the substrate site is between 30 and 50 μA / cm². 2 Between. In ion sources of this type, the ion beam is neutralized by electron emission. In addition to oxygen ions leaving the ion source, molecular oxygen is optionally added to the vacuum chamber.

[0332] During and after silver deposition, the silver is encouraged to diffuse into the layers beneath the outermost stack of the antireflective coating. Therefore, silver is present not only in the outermost stack of the antireflective coating but also in the other layers of the antireflective coating.

[0333] Adjusting the deposition parameters to give the antireflective coating a diffusivity (D) F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the antireflective coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the antireflective coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer. The air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval; and the first time interval is at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate. Corresponding guidelines for adjusting deposition parameters are outlined in US 9,778,484 B2.

[0334] In addition, the deposition parameters were adjusted so that the silver clusters formed in the outermost stacked layers 6F / 6B have the maximum extension in the range of 5nm to 15nm.

Claims

1. An eyeglass lens, comprising (i) an antireflective coating, said antireflective coating being any coating that reduces light reflected from its surface such that the value of the light reflectance factor ρV, as determined and defined according to section 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006, is less than 2.5%, or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, The outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix comprising multiple separate silver (Ag) atoms and / or multiple silver (Ag) clusters, each of the silver (Ag) clusters having a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges. (a) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. (b) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm. (c) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm. (d) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. (e) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm. (f) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm. (g) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. (h) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm. (i) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

2. An eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, - The outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix comprising multiple separate silver (Ag) atoms and / or multiple silver (Ag) clusters, each of the silver (Ag) clusters having a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges. (a) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. (b) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm. (c) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm. (d) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. (e) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm. (f) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm. (g) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. (h) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm. (i) Each silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm. In addition, at least one of the stacked layers contains silver (Ag).

3. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges. a. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.5 at%. b. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.3 at%. c. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.2 at%. d. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.8 at% and 1.5 at%. e. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.9 at% and 1.3 at%. f. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 1.0 at% and 1.2 at%. g. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 1.05 at% to 1.15 at%.

4. An eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating, said antireflective coating being any coating that reduces light reflected from its surface such that the value of the light reflectance factor ρV, as determined and defined according to section 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006, is less than 2.5%, or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) antireflective coating or said (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, The outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag), wherein the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges. a. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.5 at%. b. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.3 at%. c. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.2 at%. d. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.8 at% and 1.5 at%. e. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.9 at% and 1.3 at%. f. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 1.0 at% and 1.2 at%. g. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 1.05 at% to 1.15 at%.

5. An eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, - The outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag), wherein the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges. a. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.5 at%. b. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.3 at%. c. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 1.2 at%. d. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.8 at% and 1.5 at%. e. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.9 at% and 1.3 at%. f. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 1.0 at% and 1.2 at%. g. The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 1.05 at% and 1.15 at%. -In addition, at least one of the stacked layers, except for the outermost stacked layer, contains silver (Ag).

6. The spectacle lens according to claims 1 and 4, wherein, Any coating or layer that does not contribute to the antireflective properties of the eyeglass lens should not constitute part of the antireflective coating.

7. The spectacle lens according to claims 1 and 4, wherein, The antireflective coating consists of a transparent thin film structure with alternating layers of extremely different refractive indices, wherein the layer thickness is selected to produce destructive interference in the light beam reflected from the interface and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted light beam.

8. An eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least said outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, The silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer has a content that causes a photochromic effect, wherein the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that the light transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 caused by the photochromic effect is... V0 The transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state, according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.

3. V1 The changes between them fall within the range of the following groups: (A)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.95, (B)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.98, (C)0.95≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (D)0.98≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (E)0.985≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.

995.

9. An eyeglass lens, comprising an eyeglass lens substrate and (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), said outermost stacked layer having an outer surface facing away from the surface of the eyeglass lens, characterized in that, The (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating has a diffusivity (D) F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer; the air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval; and the first time interval is at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate.

10. An eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least said outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), characterized in that, The silver (Ag) content in at least the outermost stacked layer is such that after releasing silver (Ag) ions from the eyeglasses by exposing the eyeglasses to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees Celsius for six hours, the concentration of silver (Ag) ions dissolved in the deionized water is at least 0.1 mg / L.

11. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The outermost stacked layer constitutes a SiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag).

12. The spectacle lens according to claim 11, characterized in that, At least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix forms clusters, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters have a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges: (a) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. (b) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm. (c) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm. (d) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. (e) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm. (f) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm. (g) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. (h) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm. (i) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

13. The spectacle lens according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, At least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix consists of silver (Ag) atoms interspersed in the SiO2 matrix.

14. The spectacle lens according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The outermost stacked layer has a thickness within at least one of the following ranges: i. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 50 nm. ii. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 40 nm. iii. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 30 nm. iv. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. v. The outermost stacked layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

15. The spectacle lens according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In addition to the outermost stacked layer, the at least one layer in the stacked layers contains silver (Ag).

16. The spectacle lens according to claim 15, characterized in that, In addition to the outermost stacked layer, at least a portion of the silver (Ag) in the at least one layer of the stacked layers forms clusters, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters in the at least one layer of the stacked layers, in addition to the outermost stacked layer, have a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges: (a) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. (b) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm. (c) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm. (d) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. (e) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm. (f) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm. (g) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. (h) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm. (i) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

17. The spectacle lens according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, Apart from the outermost stacked layer containing the silver (Ag), at least one of the at least one of the stacked layers constitutes a TiO2 matrix containing the silver (Ag).

18. The spectacle lens according to claim 17, characterized in that, The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​within at least one of the following ranges. a) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.9 at%. b) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.8 at%. c) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.7 at%. d) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.2 at% and 0.9 at%. e) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.25 at% and 0.8 at%. f) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.3 at% and 0.75 at%. g) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 0.35 at% to 0.7 at%.

19. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that, In addition to the outermost stacked layer containing the silver (Ag), at least one of the at least one of the stacked layers constitutes a SiO2 layer containing the silver (Ag).

20. The spectacle lens according to claim 19, characterized in that, Apart from the outermost stacked layer, the proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix of at least one of the at least one of the following ranges is within at least one of the following ranges. a) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.25 at%. b) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.2 at%. c) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​less than 0.15 at%. d) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.01 at% and 0.25 at%. e) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​between 0.01 at% and 0.2 at%. f) The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix is ​​in the range of 0.01 at% to 0.15 at%.

21. The spectacle lens according to claim 20, characterized in that, The proportion of silver (Ag) in the SiO2 matrix of the first stacked layer is lower than the proportion of silver (Ag) in the TiO2 matrix of the second stacked layer adjacent to the first stacked layer.

22. The spectacle lens according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, According to ISO 21702:2019, the silver (Ag) content in the eyeglass lens is set to kill 99.9% of enveloped viruses.

23. The spectacle lens according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, According to ISO 22196:2011, the silver (Ag) content in the eyeglass lens is set to kill 99.9% of bacteria.

24. The spectacle lens according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The light transmittance in the faded state, as defined in ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2, exceeds the following group of values: (1) Light transmittance value exceeds 95%. (2) Light transmittance value exceeds 96%. (3) The light transmittance value exceeds 97%.

25. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating, said antireflective coating being any coating that reduces light reflected from its surface such that the value of the light reflectance factor ρV, as determined and defined according to section 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006, is less than 2.5%, or (ii) a specular coating, said (i) the antireflective coating or said (ii) the specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, said stack including an outermost stack layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising the following steps: 1) The outermost stacked layer is deposited by co-evaporating silver (Ag) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in an oxygen ion atmosphere, wherein the ratio of silver (Ag) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) to oxygen ions is set to form silver (Ag) clusters in a SiO2 matrix, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters have a maximum extension within at least one of the following ranges. (a) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 20 nm. (b) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 15 nm. (c) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension of less than 10 nm. (d) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. (e) The silver (Ag) cluster has the maximum extension in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm. (f) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm. (g) The silver (Ag) cluster has the largest extension in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm. (h) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm. (i) The silver (Ag) cluster has a maximum extension in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, Ag and SiO2 are co-deposited simultaneously using two evaporation sources in a vacuum chamber, namely an electron beam gun for SiO2 and a thermal evaporator for Ag.

27. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least the outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising the steps of: 1) The outermost stacked layer is deposited by co-evaporation of silver (Ag), wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set to induce a photochromic effect, wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that the light transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 caused by the photochromic effect is... V0 The transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state, according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.

3. V1 The changes between them fall within the range of the following groups: (A)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.95, (B)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.98, (C)0.95≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (D)0.98≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (E)0.985≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.

995.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that The following additional steps: 2) Diffusion of the silver (Ag) into a stack layer that is different from the outermost stack layer.

29. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least the outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising the steps of: 1) The outermost stacked layer is deposited by co-evaporation of silver (Ag), wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set to induce a photochromic effect, wherein the content of silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stacked layer is set such that the light transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in the faded state according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.2 caused by the photochromic effect is... V0 The transmittance (τ) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state, according to ISO 8980-3:2013(E) 7.5.3.

3. V1 The changes between them fall within the range of the following groups: (A)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.95, (B)t V1 / t V0 ≤0.98, (C)0.95≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (D)0.98≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, (E)0.985≤τ V1 / t V0 ≤0.995, 2) Diffusion of the silver (Ag) into a stack layer that is different from the outermost stack layer.

30. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising an eyeglass lens substrate and (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the outermost stack layer having an outer surface facing away from the surface of the eyeglass lens, the method comprising the steps of: 1) Deposit the outermost stacked layer such that the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating has a diffusivity (D). F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer; the air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval; and the first time interval is at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate.

31. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising an eyeglass lens substrate and (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the outermost stack layer having an outer surface facing away from the surface of the eyeglass lens, the method comprising the steps of: 1) Deposit the outermost stacked layer such that the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating has a diffusivity (D). F The diffusivity is configured to ensure that water molecules absorbed through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating enter the lens substrate and that water molecules from the lens substrate are released through the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating from the air atmosphere disposed on the outer surface of the outermost stacked layer; the air atmosphere has a water flux density (j D The diffusion rate (D) F The device is further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% relative humidity, set a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed by the lens substrate in an air atmosphere of 40 degrees Celsius and 95% relative humidity within a first time interval; and the first time interval is at most ten hours longer than the second time interval required to set the second equilibrium state from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated lens substrate identical to the lens substrate. 2) During and after silver deposition, the silver is encouraged to diffuse into the layer beneath the outermost stack of the antireflective coating.

32. The method of claim 31, comprising: 1) The deposition of the outermost stacked layer is performed by co-deposition.

33. A method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens, the eyeglass lens comprising (i) an antireflective coating or (ii) a specular coating, the (i) antireflective coating or the (ii) specular coating being composed of a stack of multiple stacked layers, the stack including an outermost stacked layer, at least the outermost stacked layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising the steps of: 1) Deposit at least the outermost stacked layer such that the silver (Ag) content in at least the outermost stacked layer is such that silver (Ag) ions from the eyeglasses are released after the eyeglasses are exposed to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees Celsius for six hours, providing an ion concentration of at least 0.1 mg / L dissolved in the deionized water.

34. A computer-readable data carrier comprising an eyeglass lens in the form of computer-readable instructions for producing an eyeglass lens according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

35. A data carrier signal comprising an eyeglass lens in the form of computer-readable instructions for producing an eyeglass lens according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

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