An electronic textile and methods of making and using the same

Abstract

The application discloses an electronic fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims at solving the technical problem of poor conductivity of the existing electronic fabric. The electronic fabric comprises a fabric base and a conductive material connected through ultrasonic welding. The conductive material can easily penetrate into the hydrophobic fabric under the assistance of ultrasonic cavitation effect, and a uniform conductive coating can be formed without adding any adhesive or performing any pretreatment to the electronic fabric, so that the conductivity of the electronic fabric is improved. The conductive material is composed of nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate, the nano-conductive fillers are connected with the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate through chemical bonds, and a stable conductive network is formed by combination, so that the dispersion uniformity of the nano-conductive fillers on the fabric base is improved, and the conductivity of the electronic fabric can be further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flexible electronic materials technology for electronic sensors, and more particularly to an electronic fabric, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Flexible electronics is an emerging electronic technology that fabricates electronic devices made of organic or inorganic materials on flexible or ductile substrates. With the development of human society and the advancement of science and technology, flexible electronics is receiving increasing attention. In the field of flexible wearable electronics, textile materials, due to their softness, comfort, lightness, breathability, and excellent flexible structure, are suitable for long-term wear and are considered emerging materials with great development potential.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have been constructing conductive coatings on textiles using methods such as spin coating, printing, dyeing, spraying, and immersion, thus endowing textiles with sensing capabilities and developing electronic fabrics with various sensing abilities. Electronic fabrics can be used to create flexible stress sensors, which can achieve continuous and long-term tracking of human vital physiological signals, disease detection, and medical treatment, showing broad application prospects.

[0004] However, the above methods for preparing electronic fabrics are not applicable to all textiles, mainly due to the following problems: the uniformity of the conductive coating and its bonding force with the textile matrix are closely related to the effective penetration of the conductive solution into the textile matrix and the surface functional groups of the fabric matrix. When a hydrophobic fabric is used as the matrix, the conductive solution is difficult to penetrate into the fiber network, resulting in poor uniformity of the conductive coating and poor conductivity of the electronic fabric. In electronic fabrics prepared by combining nanomaterials with the fabric matrix, the surface state of the nanomaterials used as conductive fillers is unstable and their solubility in solvents is low, resulting in poor dispersion uniformity after being combined with other materials. When a hydrophobic fabric is used as the matrix, the dispersion uniformity of the nanomaterials will be even worse, resulting in poor conductivity of the electronic fabric. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an electronic fabric, its preparation method, and its application, solving the technical problem of poor conductivity in existing electronic fabrics.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides an electronic fabric, comprising: a fabric matrix and a conductive material;

[0007] The conductive material is connected to the fabric matrix by ultrasonic welding;

[0008] The fabric matrix is ​​a polymer material with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C;

[0009] The conductive material includes nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate.

[0010] Optionally, the thickness of the fabric matrix is ​​140 μm to 160 μm.

[0011] Optionally, the electronic fabric further includes a low surface energy material;

[0012] The low surface energy material is connected to the conductive material by hydrogen bonds, and the low surface energy material is connected to the fabric matrix by ultrasonic welding.

[0013] Optionally, the mass ratio of the conductive material to the low surface energy material is 1:25.

[0014] Optionally, the ultrasonic welding temperature is 0℃, the time is 10min to 15min, the maximum output power is 2000W, the amplitude is 60%, and the frequency is 20kHz.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing electronic fabric, comprising:

[0016] The fabric matrix is ​​immersed in a composite material dispersion, ultrasonically welded, and then dried to obtain electronic fabric.

[0017] The fabric matrix is ​​a polymer material with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C.

[0018] The composite material dispersion includes a conductive material and a solvent;

[0019] The conductive material includes nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate.

[0020] Optionally, the concentration of the conductive material in the composite material dispersion is 1 mg / ml to 2 mg / ml.

[0021] Optionally, the composite material dispersion further includes a low surface energy material;

[0022] The specific method for preparing the composite material dispersion is as follows:

[0023] The conductive material, the low surface energy material, and the solvent are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain the composite material dispersion.

[0024] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of electronic fabrics as described in any of the preceding claims or electronic fabrics prepared by the methods described in any of the preceding claims in flexible stress sensors.

[0025] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a flexible stress sensor comprising an electronic fabric as described in any of the preceding claims and / or an electronic fabric prepared by the preparation method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0026] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] The electronic fabric provided by this invention connects the fabric matrix and conductive material via ultrasonic welding. With the aid of ultrasonic cavitation, the conductive material can easily penetrate the hydrophobic fabric, forming a uniform conductive coating. This improves the conductivity of the electronic fabric without requiring any adhesives or pretreatment. The conductive material is composed of nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate. The nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate are chemically bonded, forming a stable conductive network. This improves the uniformity of the nano-conductive fillers' dispersion on the fabric matrix, further enhancing the conductivity of the electronic fabric. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of carbon nanotubes / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic welding of carbon nanotubes / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 Scanning electron microscope image of carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate coating formed by immersion method;

[0032] Figure 4 Scanning electron microscope image of carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric coating provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5Scanning electron microscope image of carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate coating formed by ultrasonic welding.

[0034] Figure 6 Scanning electron microscope image of carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric coating provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a water contact angle test diagram of carbon nanotubes / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a water contact angle test diagram of the original nonwoven fabric used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 The stress-strain curves of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention and the original flexible stress sensor are shown.

[0038] Figure 10 The graph shows the relative resistance of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention as a function of different tensile strains.

[0039] Figure 11 The graph shows the relative resistance of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention as a function of different tensile frequencies under 40% tensile strain.

[0040] Figure 12 The graph shows the relative resistance change of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during a cyclic tensile test.

[0041] Figure 13 The graph shows the change in the output sensing signal of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Example 2 when applied to human joints.

[0042] Figure 14The graph shows the output sensing signal of the carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention when used in human respiration detection. Detailed Implementation

[0043] This invention provides an electronic fabric, its preparation method, and its application, solving the technical problem of poor conductivity in existing electronic fabrics.

[0044] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific examples. Obviously, the embodiments described below are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0045] All raw materials and reagents involved in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Embodiment 1 of this invention describes the preparation of an electronic fabric, which is carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica@nonwoven fabric (hereinafter referred to as carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric), as detailed in the following reference. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation process of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The preparation method of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric includes:

[0048] Step 1, Non-woven fabric cleaning: The untreated raw non-woven fabric with a thickness of 150μm is ultrasonically cleaned for 5 minutes in deionized water at 60℃. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 20kHz.

[0049] It should be noted that the fabric matrix is ​​a polymer material with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C. The glass transition temperature refers to the temperature at which a polymer compound changes from a highly elastic state to a glassy state. Only flexible polymer materials with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C can melt during ultrasonic welding, thereby connecting with other materials in the composite material dispersion.

[0050] The fabric substrate can be a nonwoven fabric with a thickness between 140 μm and 160 μm. In this embodiment of the invention, a nonwoven fabric (NWF) made of polyurethane (TPU) is selected as the fabric substrate, and the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is 150 μm. Polyurethane has a glass transition temperature of -35°C, and polyurethane elastic nonwoven fabric has good stretchability. Moreover, its mesh structure can provide a large adhesion area for conductive materials, making it suitable as a substrate for flexible sensors.

[0051] Step 2, Non-woven fabric cutting: Cut the cleaned non-woven fabric into base pieces with a size of 1cm×3cm for later use.

[0052] The cutting dimensions of non-woven fabrics can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0053] Step 3, ultrasonic nano-welding, includes the following sub-steps S1 to S3:

[0054] S1. Weigh out hydrophobic fumed silica (Hf-SiO2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in a mass ratio of 24:1:1, mix them in a beaker, and inject anhydrous ethanol. Sonicate the entire system for 5 min to obtain a carbon nanotube / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate / hydrophobic fumed silica dispersion with a mass concentration of 2 mg / ml (hereinafter referred to as carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 dispersion).

[0055] It should be noted that, in this invention, the solvent of the composite material dispersion is an organic solvent, and anhydrous ethanol is selected as the solvent in this embodiment; the ultrasonic dispersion time can be 5 min to 15 min, and in this embodiment, the ultrasonic dispersion time is selected as 5 min; the concentration of conductive material in the composite dispersion can be 1 mg / ml to 2 mg / ml, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 2 mg / ml.

[0056] The nano-conductive filler can be a nano-conductive material such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or nano-metal powders, preferably carbon nanotubes, which have high carrier mobility and good conductivity. In this embodiment, multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an outer diameter of 10–15 nm, a length of 0.1 μm–10 μm, and a purity of 98% are selected as the nano-conductive filler.

[0057] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a polythiophene material derivative composed of PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate), exhibiting high conductivity. The thiophene rings on the PEDOT main chain give the PEDOT molecular chain strong rigidity, making it insoluble in common organic solvents. However, due to the strong hydrophilic groups (sulfonic acid groups) of PSS, the solubility of PEDOT in water is greatly improved. The complexation of the two allows poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate to be dispersed in water in a stable micelle state. Based on this, the nano-conductive filler is chemically bonded to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, which effectively improves the solubility of the nano-conductive filler in solvents. The combination of the nano-conductive filler and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate forms a stable conductive network, improving the uniformity of the nano-conductive filler dispersion on the fabric matrix and enhancing the conductivity of the resulting electronic fabric. Chemical bonds include π-π bonds between carbon atoms.

[0058] Low surface energy materials are materials with low surface energy, possessing hydrophobicity, self-cleaning properties, self-lubrication, and non-stickiness. Since sensors made from electronic fabrics may be exposed to high humidity environments caused by human sweat or other factors in practical applications, this can easily lead to the decomposition or oxidation of conductive materials, reducing the conductivity of the electronic fabric. Therefore, making the electronic fabric hydrophobic can, to a certain extent, ensure its conductivity after use. The low surface energy material in the solvent is linked to the conductive material through hydrogen bonds. During the subsequent drying process, the low surface energy material crystallizes and grows between the conductive materials, forming a superhydrophobic surface on the fabric matrix. This gives the resulting electronic fabric superhydrophobicity, reducing the risk of reduced conductivity due to the decomposition or oxidation of conductive materials in high humidity. In this embodiment, hydrophobic fumed silica is selected as the low surface energy material.

[0059] S2. The cut nonwoven fabric is immersed in a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 dispersion. The solution system is placed in an ice-water mixture at 0°C, and ultrasonic nano-welding is performed at 0°C for 10 minutes to obtain the intermediate electronic fabric. The ultrasonic nano-welder has a maximum output power of 2000W, an amplitude of 60%, and a frequency of 20kHz. (See reference...) Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic welding of carbon nanotubes / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Understandably, current solutions to the problem of poor conductivity in electronic fabrics due to uneven conductive coatings involve pretreatment of the original fabric substrate using chemical adhesives or surface functional group modification to increase the surface energy of the substrate, allowing the conductive solution to better penetrate and form a stable and uniform conductive coating. However, these methods increase the fabric preparation process, making them uneconomical for commercial and large-scale production. Furthermore, they generate more chemical waste, making subsequent processing more difficult.

[0061] The ultrasonic welding process used in this invention is simple, pollution-free, environmentally friendly, and low-cost, making it suitable for large-scale production. Ultrasonic welding of the fabric matrix in a conductive composite material dispersion softens the fabric matrix locally. Due to the ultrasonic cavitation effect, numerous bubbles are generated in the liquid. The implosion and collapse of these bubbles lead to localized high temperatures and pressures, providing sufficient momentum and energy for the conductive material, or the composite material including both conductive and low surface energy materials, to penetrate into the fabric matrix and form a uniform conductive coating. This improves the conductivity of the electronic fabric without the need for any adhesives or pretreatment. Furthermore, after ultrasonic welding, strong molecular bonds are formed between the conductive material and the fabric matrix, enhancing the bonding force between the composite material and the fabric matrix. This makes the conductive coating less likely to detach from the fabric matrix, improving the stability and reliability of the conductive coating on the electronic fabric.

[0062] S3. Place the intermediate electronic fabric in a drying oven at 60℃ for 60 minutes to obtain carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric.

[0063] In this invention, the drying time can be 30 min to 120 min, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 60 min.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example changed the ultrasonic welding method to the immersion method. Specifically, the cut nonwoven fabric was immersed in the composite material dispersion for 10 minutes, while the other steps remained unchanged.

[0066] Figure 3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS coating formed using an immersion method. Figure 4 Scanning electron microscope image of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 coating formed by immersion method in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS coating formed using ultrasonic welding. Figure 6This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 coating formed using ultrasonic welding, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 and Figure 4 It is evident that the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS conductive composite material in the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS coating formed by the immersion method, and the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 conductive composite material in the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric sample provided in Comparative Example 1 of this invention, both exhibit poor uniformity on the nonwoven fabric fibers and fail to form a continuous and stable conductive network; while... Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS conductive composite material in the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS coating formed by ultrasonic welding, and the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2 conductive composite material in the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric sample provided in Example 1 of this invention, are both uniformly and continuously distributed on the nonwoven fabric fibers, forming a stable conductive network structure.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a water contact angle test diagram of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a water contact angle test diagram of the original nonwoven fabric used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It was obtained by testing the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric sample and the original nonwoven fabric sample using an XG-CAM contact angle meter. Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the water contact angle (WCA) of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric has increased from about 120° of the original nonwoven fabric to more than 150°, which meets the requirements of superhydrophobicity.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Embodiment 2 of the present invention discloses a method for fabricating a flexible stress sensor. This flexible stress sensor is a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor, comprising the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The method for fabricating the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor includes:

[0070] Two copper wires were fixed to both sides of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric using conductive silver paste for encapsulation, resulting in a carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor.

[0071] The stress of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Example 2 and the original flexible stress sensor made of the original nonwoven fabric were tested using an Instron electronic universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using Bluehill 2.0 software. Figure 9 The stress-strain curves of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor and the original flexible stress sensor are shown. Figure 9 It is evident that the elongation at break, i.e. the maximum strain rate at which the material breaks, is almost the same for both, indicating that ultrasonic welding does not alter the mechanical properties of the fabric substrate.

[0072] The carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Example 2 was subjected to cyclic tensile force using an Instron electronic universal testing machine, while the resistance of the sensor was measured in situ using a Keithley 2400 Source-Meter SMU instrument. Figure 10 This is a graph showing the relative resistance ΔR / R0 of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention as a function of different tensile strains. Figure 10 It can be seen that the relative resistance ΔR / R0 exhibits different degrees of cyclic change with different tensile strains ε, and the hysteresis is not significant during strain loading and unloading, indicating that the resistivity of carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric is highly sensitive to strain.

[0073] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the relative resistance ΔR / R0 of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention as a function of different tensile frequencies under 40% tensile strain. Figure 7 It can be seen that the frequency of the relative resistance ΔR / R0 change is consistent with the frequency of the applied tensile strain, and the hysteresis is not significant during strain loading and unloading. This indicates that the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric has almost no frequency dependence within the working frequency range and has high practicality.

[0074] Figure 12This is a curve showing the change in relative resistance ΔR / R0 of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during a cyclic tensile test. The test method involves cyclically loading and unloading the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor at a 20% tensile strain for 1000 cycles, while simultaneously detecting the change in its relative conductivity. Figure 12 It is evident that the relative resistance change of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor also exhibits cyclicity under cyclic tensile strain, and the hysteresis during strain loading and unloading is not significant, indicating that the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric has stable and reliable repeatability.

[0075] Figure 13 The graph shows the output sensing signal of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Example 2 when applied to a human joint. (a) shows the signal when the finger is extended and bent; (b) shows the signal when the finger is extended and bent underwater; (c) shows the signal when the arm is extended and bent; and (d) shows the signal when the finger clicks. The sensing signal is characterized by relative resistance units (au). Figure 13 As can be seen, the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor is attached to the finger or other human joints. When the human joint is repeatedly bent and stretched, it can accurately collect stable and repeatable sensing signals and can work normally even in underwater environments.

[0076] The carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor provided in Example 2 is attached to a mask, enabling real-time and accurate detection of human respiration. The sensor's resistance gradually increases during exhalation and gradually decreases during inhalation. Based on the waveform, frequency, amplitude, and other information of the collected respiratory signals, the sensor can monitor human health and provide valuable information for clinical diagnosis. Figure 14 This is a graph showing the output sensing signal of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during human respiration detection. Figure 14 As shown, when the human body performs behaviors such as normal breathing, rapid breathing, deep breathing, coughing, sneezing, and yawning, it can output different breathing signals and exhibit good repeatability.

[0077] As can be seen from the aforementioned test data, thanks to the excellent conductivity of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the resistance of the carbon nanotube / PEDOT:PSS / Hf-SiO2@nonwoven fabric flexible stress sensor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention changes significantly with stress, exhibits high sensitivity, a wide strain detection range, and high stability and reliability. When different stress changes are applied to it cyclically, its relative resistance changes also exhibit cyclicity, and after 1000 cycles, the hysteresis during strain loading and unloading is not significant. Furthermore, it can be used as a wearable flexible stress sensor in medical devices for real-time monitoring of human health and stress changes in different parts of the body.

[0078] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic fabric, characterized in that, include: Fabric matrix and conductive material; The conductive material is connected to the fabric matrix by ultrasonic welding; The fabric matrix is ​​a polymer material with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C; The conductive material includes nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate. The electronic fabric also includes low surface energy materials; The low surface energy material is connected to the conductive material by hydrogen bonds, and the low surface energy material is connected to the fabric matrix by ultrasonic welding. The mass ratio of the conductive material to the low surface energy material is 1:25; The ultrasonic welding temperature is 0℃, the time is 10min~15min, the maximum output power is 2000W, the amplitude is 60%, and the frequency is 20kHz. The low surface energy material is specifically hydrophobic fumed silica.

2. The electronic fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the fabric matrix is ​​140μm~160μm.

3. A method for preparing electronic fabric, characterized in that, include: The fabric matrix is ​​immersed in a composite material dispersion, ultrasonically welded, and then dried to obtain electronic fabric; The fabric matrix is ​​a polymer material with a glass transition temperature of less than 81°C. The composite material dispersion includes a conductive material and a solvent; The conductive material includes nano-conductive fillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate. The composite material dispersion also includes low surface energy materials; The specific method for preparing the composite material dispersion is as follows: The conductive material, the low surface energy material, and the solvent are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain the composite material dispersion. The mass ratio of the conductive material to the low surface energy material is 1:25; The ultrasonic welding temperature is 0℃, the time is 10min~15min, the maximum output power is 2000W, the amplitude is 60%, and the frequency is 20kHz. The low surface energy material is specifically hydrophobic fumed silica.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The concentration of the conductive material in the composite material dispersion is 1 mg / ml to 2 mg / ml.

5. The application of the electronic fabric as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 or the electronic fabric prepared by the method described in any one of claims 3 to 4 in a flexible stress sensor.

6. A flexible stress sensor, characterized in that, This includes electronic fabrics as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 and / or electronic fabrics prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 3 to 4.

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