A cold region tunnel freeze damage simulation test device and method

Abstract

A kind of cold region tunnel freeze injury simulation test device and method, effectively solve the problem that simulation experiment is single, experimental result is prone to error, including support plate, the upper end of support plate has display tray, the left side of display tray has first experiment cabin, the right side of display tray has second experiment cabin, the upper of display tray has third experiment cabin, the upper end of first experiment cabin has water storage room, the upper end of second experiment cabin and the upper end of third experiment cabin have sand room, the front end of first experiment cabin, the front end of second experiment cabin and the front end of third experiment cabin have taking and placing frame, the upper end of taking and placing frame has tunnel model, the present application has novel structure, ingenious, by the design has multiple experimental operation, can effectively simulate the damage that multiple tunnels are subjected to respectively under multiple freeze injury conditions, can simulate the damage condition that tunnel is subjected to when temperature is suddenly changed, when water in mountain is sufficient when temperature is suddenly changed and tunnel is flooded, with the function of convenient to carry, it is convenient to observe the freeze injury degree of tunnel model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel experimental technology, specifically relating to a device and method for simulating frost damage in tunnels in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Frost damage in cold-region tunnels refers to freezing phenomena that affect driving safety and structural stability. In several provinces and regions of my country, numerous highway tunnels have undergone secondary lining due to frost damage, increasing project investment and reducing tunnel clearance. The main causes of frost damage in cold-region tunnels are fourfold: First, when the heat loss from the tunnel's surrounding rock throughout the year reaches a dynamic equilibrium with the heat replenished by the outside atmosphere, the temperature of the surrounding rock will remain at its pre-excavation temperature, and the tunnel will not experience frost heave damage. Second, when the heat loss from the surrounding rock exceeds the heat replenished by the outside atmosphere, a new layer of permafrost forms around the tunnel. The frost heave force generated by this new permafrost layer is extremely detrimental to the tunnel lining. The freezing damage is caused by the expansion of water in the surrounding rock when the temperature drops below a certain level. Improper operation during construction can lead to malfunctions in the drainage or insulation systems of the project. Therefore, tunnel freezing damage simulation experiments must be conducted before tunnel construction. However, current cold-region tunnel model tests are relatively simple and often only one type of test can be performed, which can easily lead to large errors in the test results. At the same time, current experiments often occupy a large area and consume a lot of manpower and resources. Therefore, a cold-region tunnel freezing damage simulation test device and method that can perform multiple tests is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device and method. It features multiple experimental operations, effectively achieving the purpose of tunnel frost damage simulation experiments. It can effectively simulate the damage suffered by various tunnels under different frost damage conditions, facilitating observation of the degree of frost damage. It can simulate the damage caused to tunnels by rocks during sudden temperature changes, the damage caused by sudden temperature changes when there is sufficient water in the mountain, and the damage caused when tunnels are submerged. Therefore, it can effectively simulate the damage suffered by various tunnels under different frost damage conditions. It is portable, saves floor space, facilitates observation of the degree of frost damage in tunnel models, and allows experimental personnel to easily record data.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: It includes a tray, with a display plate rotatably connected to the upper end of the tray. A first experimental chamber is slidably connected to the left side of the display plate, and a second experimental chamber is slidably connected to the right side of the display plate. A third experimental chamber, cooperating with the first and second experimental chambers, is located above the display plate. The upper end of the first experimental chamber is connected to a water storage chamber. The upper ends of both the second and third experimental chambers are connected to a sand and gravel chamber. A display plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of each sand and gravel chamber and the upper end of each water storage chamber. The display plate, the first experimental chamber, the second experimental chamber, and the third experimental chamber are connected... The test chambers work together to form a structure that facilitates observation of the model after the experiment. The front ends of the first, second, and third test chambers are all slidably connected to a pick-and-place rack. Each pick-and-place rack has a first rubber pad that can move back and forth at its front end. The lower ends of the first, second, and third test chambers are all provided with a recovery chamber. The water storage chamber, sand and gravel chamber, and recovery chamber form a structure that facilitates simulation experiments. The left ends of the first, second, and third test chambers are all fixedly connected to a cooler. The upper end of each pick-and-place rack is provided with a movable tunnel model.

[0005] Preferably, a first connecting rod is rotatably connected to both the front and rear ends of the first experimental chamber, and the upper end of each first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber. A second connecting rod is rotatably connected to both the front and rear ends of the second experimental chamber, and the upper end of each second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber. A first rack is fixedly connected to the front end of the first experimental chamber, and a second rack is fixedly connected to the front end of the second experimental chamber. A gear is rotatably connected to the front end of the display plate, and the gear meshes with the first rack and the second rack. A limiting rod that cooperates with the display plate is rotatably connected to the front end of the second rack. A first grip and a second grip are provided above the display plate, and the first grip and the second grip are slidably connected. The first grip and the second grip are rotatably connected to the corresponding first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.

[0006] Preferably, the interiors of the first, second, and third experimental chambers are each provided with a through slot communicating with a corresponding recovery chamber. Each recovery chamber has a movable rubber plug at both its left and right ends. Each rubber plug mates with a corresponding through slot. The lower end of each rubber plug is fixedly connected to two iron rods. The lower end of each rubber plug is fixedly connected to two first springs. Each first spring mates with a corresponding iron rod. The lower end of each first spring is fixedly connected to a corresponding recovery chamber. Each recovery chamber has an electromagnet fixedly connected to both its left and right ends. Each iron rod mates with a corresponding electromagnet.

[0007] Preferably, a second rubber pad is fixedly connected to the interior of the first experimental chamber, the interior of the second experimental chamber, and the interior of the third experimental chamber. A first vibrator is fixedly connected to the rear end of each second rubber pad. A rotating plate is rotatably connected to the interior of the first experimental chamber, the interior of the second experimental chamber, and the interior of the third experimental chamber. A knob is fixedly connected to the rear end of each rotating plate. A second vibrator is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad. A second spring is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad. The front end of each second spring is fixedly connected to the corresponding pick-and-place rack.

[0008] Preferably, a water pump is fixedly connected inside the water storage chamber, and a water guide pipe is connected to the rear end of the water pump. The upper end of the water guide pipe is connected to the corresponding sand and gravel chamber. A discharge plate is slidably connected to the rear end of each of the recycling chambers. A sliding groove that cooperates with the pick-and-place rack is opened inside the first experimental chamber, the second experimental chamber, and the third experimental chamber.

[0009] Preferably, a label is provided at the left end of the first experimental chamber, the right end of the second experimental chamber, and the left end of the third experimental chamber. A storage cloth is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tray, a movable ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the storage cloth, and a pull rope is fixedly connected to both the left and right ends of the movable ring.

[0010] A preferred method for using a simulation test device and method for freezing damage in tunnels in cold regions includes the following specific steps: Step 1: First, place the device in a suitable position, then move the moving ring downwards and place it on the tray. At this time, the type of experimental chamber can be identified by the label.

[0011] Step 2: Rotate the limiting rod to release the limit on the second rack, then pull the first experimental chamber to the left to move it to the left on the display panel, and move the second experimental chamber to the right on the display panel. At this time, the third experimental chamber will fall onto the display panel.

[0012] Step 3: Pull the first and second handles forward to move the pick-and-place rack forward along the chute, place the multiple tunnel models on the pick-and-place rack respectively, and push the pick-and-place rack back to its initial position.

[0013] Step 4: Rotate the knobs in sequence to make the rotating plate rotate, and the liquid in the water storage chamber flows into the first experimental chamber and comes into contact with the outer surface of the tunnel model, thereby simulating the situation when the tunnel is flooded.

[0014] Step 5: Turn on the first and second vibrators to allow the sand in the sand chamber to flow into the second and third experimental chambers and come into full contact with the tunnel model under the action of the first and second vibrators.

[0015] Step Six: Turn on the water pump to drain the liquid from the water storage chamber into the third experimental chamber, allowing the liquid to fully mix with the sand. Then, turn on all the coolers to simulate the state of the tunnel model under sudden temperature changes. At this time, the first experimental chamber simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes when it is submerged in water, the second experimental chamber simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes under normal conditions, and the third simulator simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes when the water content inside the mountain is very high.

[0016] Step 7: After cooling is complete, turn on the electromagnet to attract the iron column downwards, release the rubber plug from the through slot, and the object in the test chamber flows into the recovery chamber. The tunnel model is then retrieved using the pick-and-place rack.

[0017] Step 8: After the tunnel model is removed, it can be placed on the display board. Move the first experimental chamber to the right, and at this time move the second experimental chamber to the left, so that the third experimental chamber moves upward. Use the limit rod to limit the experimental chambers, and use the label to determine the type of experiment.

[0018] Step 9: Rotate the device by turning the display plate to allow the experimenter to observe the state of the tunnel model.

[0019] Step 10: After the experiment is completely finished, the tunnel model can be discarded or placed back on the pick-up and drop-off frame. Then, the moving ring is moved upwards, and the device can be moved by pulling the rope.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This device has multiple experimental operations, effectively achieving the purpose of tunnel frost damage simulation experiments. It can effectively simulate the damage suffered by various tunnels under various frost damage conditions, making it convenient to observe the degree of frost damage to tunnels.

[0021] 2. This device can simulate the damage caused to tunnels by rocks when the temperature changes suddenly, the damage caused to tunnels by sudden temperature changes when there is sufficient water in the mountain, and the damage caused to tunnels when they are flooded. Thus, it can effectively simulate the damage to tunnels under various freezing conditions.

[0022] 3. This device is portable, saves floor space, facilitates observation of the degree of frost damage to the tunnel model, and makes it convenient for researchers to record data. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carrying state of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the observation state of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of region A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of region B in the middle.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the water pump in this invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the sand and gravel chamber in this invention.

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of region C in the middle.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the first vibrator in this invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the slide groove in this invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Tray; 2. Display tray; 3. First experimental chamber; 4. Second experimental chamber; 5. Third experimental chamber; 6. Water storage chamber; 7. Sand and gravel chamber; 8. Display board; 9. Retrieval rack; 10. First rubber pad; 11. Recovery chamber; 12. Refrigerator; 13. Tunnel model; 14. First connecting rod; 15. Second connecting rod; 16. First rack; 17. Second rack; 18. Gear; 19. Limiting rod; 20. First 21. Handle; 22. Second Handle; 23. Through Groove; 24. Rubber Plug; 25. Iron Rod; 26. First Spring; 27. Electromagnet; 28. Second Rubber Pad; 29. ​​First Vibrator; 30. Rotating Plate; 31. Knob; 32. Second Vibrator; 33. Second Spring; 34. Water Pump; 35. Water Guide Pipe; 36. Discharge Plate; 37. Slide; 38. Label; 39. Storage Cloth; 40. Moving Ring; 41. Pull Cord. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-9 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail. Example 1, by Figures 1-9The present invention includes a tray 1. To facilitate various experiments on the tunnel, a display panel 2 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the tray 1. A first experimental chamber 3 is slidably connected to the left side of the display panel 2, and a second experimental chamber 4 is slidably connected to the right side of the display panel 2. A third experimental chamber 5, cooperating with the first and second experimental chambers 4, is located above the display panel 2. A water storage chamber 6 is connected to the upper end of the first experimental chamber 3. A sand and gravel chamber 7 is connected to the upper end of both the second and third experimental chambers 5. A display panel 8 is fixedly connected to the upper end of each sand and gravel chamber 7 and the upper end of each water storage chamber 6. The display panel 8, the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5 cooperate to form a structure that facilitates observation of the model after the experiment. Each of the front ends of the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5 is slidably connected to a pick-and-place rack 9. Each pick-and-place rack 9 has a first rubber pad 10 that can move back and forth at its front end. Each of the lower ends of the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5 has a recovery chamber 11. The water storage chamber 6, the sand and gravel chamber 7, and the recovery chamber 11 form a structure that facilitates simulation experiments. Each of the left ends of the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5 is fixedly connected to a cooler 12. The cooler 12 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Each pick-and-place rack 9 has a movable tunnel model 13 at its upper end. The tunnel model 13 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. In use, place the device in a suitable position, then move the moving ring 39 downwards onto the tray 1, and simultaneously store the storage cloth 38. At this time, the type of experimental chamber can be identified by the label 37. Then, rotate the limiting rod 19 to release the limiting of the second rack 17, and then pull the first experimental chamber 3 to the left to move it to the left on the display plate 2. This causes the second experimental chamber 4 to move to the right on the display plate 2 under the action of the gear 18, the first rack 16, and the second rack 17. At this time, the third experimental chamber 5 falls onto the display plate 2. During this process, the first handle 20 and the second handle 21 are stretched. Then, pull the first handle 20 and the second handle 21 forward, causing the first connecting rod 14 and the second connecting rod 15 to drive the pick-up and drop-off rack 9 forward along the slide 36. The machine is moved, and multiple tunnel models 13 are placed on the pick-and-place rack 9. The rack 9 is then pushed back to its initial position using the first handle 20 and the second handle 21. During this process, the second spring 32 presses against the first rubber pad 10, squeezing the tunnel model 13 so that it contacts the second rubber pad 27. At this point, the knob 30 can be rotated sequentially to rotate the rotating plate 29, simultaneously activating the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31. During this process, liquid from the water storage chamber 6 flows into the first experimental chamber 3 and contacts the outer surface of the tunnel model 13, simulating the situation when the tunnel is flooded. Sand from the sand and gravel chamber 7 flows into the second experimental chamber 4 and the third experimental chamber 5, and, under the action of the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31, it comes into contact with the tunnel model 13. After complete contact, the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31 are turned off. Then, the water pump 33 is turned on to discharge the liquid in the water storage chamber 6 to the third experimental chamber 5 through the water pipe 34, so that the liquid is fully mixed with the sand. Then, the coolers 12 are turned on to simulate the state of the tunnel model 13 when the temperature changes suddenly. At this time, the first experimental chamber 3 simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the condition of being submerged in water, the second experimental chamber 4 simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the normal condition, and the third simulator simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the condition of high water content in the mountain. After a period of time, the electromagnet 26 is turned on to attract the iron column to move downward against the resistance of the first spring 25, thereby releasing the blockage of the through groove 22 by the rubber plug 23, so that the recovery chamber 11 and the experimental chamber can be connected. The connection is established, and the objects inside the experimental chamber flow into the recovery chamber 11 so that the tunnel model 13 can be retrieved via the pick-and-place rack 9. After the tunnel model 13 is retrieved, it can be placed on the display plate 8. Then, the first experimental chamber 3 is moved to the right on the display plate 2, while the second experimental chamber 4 moves to the left simultaneously. At the same time, the third experimental chamber 5 moves upward under the action of the first connecting rod 14 and the second connecting rod 15. When it reaches the appropriate position, the experimental chamber is limited by the limiting rod 19. Then, the type of experiment can be determined by the label 37. Afterward, the device can be rotated by rotating the display plate 2, so that the experimenters can easily observe the state of the tunnel model 13. When the experiment is completely finished, the tunnel model 13 can be discarded or placed back on the pick-and-place rack 9, and the discharge plate 35 can be moved upward.Then, all objects in the recovery chamber 11 are removed. Afterward, the moving ring 39 is moved upward, and the device can then be moved using the pull rope 40.

[0034] Example 2, based on Example 1, is... Figure 2 To facilitate experimental operation, a first connecting rod 14 is rotatably connected to both the front and rear ends of the first experimental chamber 3, and the upper end of each first connecting rod 14 is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber 5. A second connecting rod 15 is rotatably connected to both the front and rear ends of the second experimental chamber 4, and the upper end of each second connecting rod 15 is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber 5. A first rack 16 is fixedly connected to the front end of the first experimental chamber 3, and a second rack 17 is fixedly connected to the front end of the second experimental chamber 4. A gear 18 is rotatably connected to the front end of the display plate 2, and the gear 18 meshes with the first rack 16 and the second rack 17. A limiting rod 19 that cooperates with the display plate 2 is rotatably connected to the front end of the second rack 17. A first handle 20 and a second handle 21 are provided above the display plate 2, and the first handle 20 and the second handle 21 are slidably connected. The first handle 20 and the second handle 21 are rotatably connected to the corresponding first connecting rod 14 and the second connecting rod 15. In use, rotate the limiting rod 19 to release the limit on the second rack 17, and then pull the first experimental chamber 3 to the left to move it to the left on the display plate 2. This causes the second experimental chamber 4 to move to the right on the display plate 2 under the action of the gear 18, the first rack 16, and the second rack 17. At this time, the third experimental chamber 5 falls onto the display plate 2, making it convenient for the experimenter to operate. During this process, the first handle 20 and the second handle 21 are extended. When it is necessary to display the tunnel model 13 after the experiment, take out the tunnel model 13 and place it on the display plate 8. Then move the first experimental chamber 3 to the right on the display plate 2. At this time, the second experimental chamber 4 moves to the left simultaneously. At this time, the third experimental chamber 5 moves upward under the action of the first connecting rod 14 and the second connecting rod 15. When it moves to the appropriate position, the limiting rod 19 limits the experimental chamber, making it convenient to display the tunnel model 13 and for the experimenter to observe.

[0035] Example 3, based on Example 1, consists of 6 and Figure 7To facilitate the removal of the tunnel model 13 after the experiment, a through slot 22 communicating with the corresponding recovery chamber 11 is provided inside the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5. Each recovery chamber 11 has a movable rubber plug 23 at both its left and right ends. Each rubber plug 23 cooperates with the corresponding through slot 22. Two iron rods 24 are fixedly connected to the lower end of each rubber plug 23. Two first springs 25 are fixedly connected to the lower end of each rubber plug 23. Each first spring 25 cooperates with the corresponding iron rod 24. The lower end of each first spring 25 is fixedly connected to the corresponding recovery chamber 11. An electromagnet 26 is fixedly connected to both its left and right ends. The electromagnet 26 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Each iron rod 24 cooperates with the corresponding electromagnet 26. In use, the electromagnet 26 is energized, causing it to attract the iron column and move it downwards against the resistance of the first spring 25. This releases the blockage of the passage 22 by the rubber plug 23, allowing the recovery chamber 11 to connect with the experimental chamber. The first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31 can then be turned on, allowing the object in the experimental chamber to flow into the recovery chamber 11 so that the tunnel model 13 can be retrieved via the pick-and-place rack 9. After the experiment is completely finished, the electromagnet 26 is turned off. At this time, the rubber plug 23 moves upwards under the action of the first spring 25 until it blocks the passage 22, isolating the recovery chamber 11 from the experimental chamber, thus facilitating the next experiment.

[0036] Example 4, based on Example 1, is... Figure 4 and Figure 8 To facilitate complete contact between the sand and the tunnel model 13, a second rubber pad 27 is fixedly connected inside the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5. A first vibrator 28 is fixedly connected to the rear end of each second rubber pad 27. The first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31 are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. A rotating plate 29 is rotatably connected inside the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5. A knob 30 is fixedly connected to the rear end of each rotating plate 29. A second vibrator 31 is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad 10. A second spring 32 is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad 10. The front end of each second spring 32 is fixedly connected to the corresponding pick-and-place rack 9. In use, after placing the tunnel model 13 on the pick-and-place rack 9, push the pick-and-place rack 9 backward into the experimental chamber. At this time, the second spring 32 presses against the first rubber pad 10 to squeeze the tunnel model 13, so that the tunnel model 13 contacts the second rubber pad 27. Then, the knob 30 can be turned in sequence to rotate the rotating plate 29, and at the same time, the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31 are turned on. During this process, the liquid in the water storage chamber 6 flows into the first experimental chamber 3 and contacts the outer surface of the tunnel model 13, thereby simulating the situation when the tunnel is flooded. The sand in the sand and gravel chamber 7 flows into the second experimental chamber 4 and the third experimental chamber 5, and under the action of the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31, it comes into complete contact with the tunnel model 13.

[0037] Example 5, based on Example 1, by Figure 8 To simulate experiments with high moisture content, a water pump 33 is fixedly connected inside the water storage chamber 6. A water guide pipe 34 is connected to the rear end of the water pump 33. The upper end of the water guide pipe 34 is connected to the corresponding sand and gravel chamber 7. A discharge plate 35 is slidably connected to the rear end of each recovery chamber 11. A sliding groove 36 that cooperates with the pick-and-place rack 9 is provided inside the first experimental chamber 3, the second experimental chamber 4, and the third experimental chamber 5. When in use, turn on the water pump 33 to discharge the liquid in the water chamber into the corresponding sand chamber 7 through the water pipe 34, so that the liquid is completely mixed with the sand in the third experimental chamber 5, thereby simulating the state of the tunnel when the moisture content is high. After the experiment is completely finished, move the discharge plate 35 upward and then remove all the objects in the recovery chamber 11 for the next experiment.

[0038] Example 6, based on Example 1, as given by 1, for the purpose of facilitating movement, a label 37 is provided at the left end of the first experimental chamber 3, the right end of the second experimental chamber 4, and the left end of the third experimental chamber 5. A storage cloth 38 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tray 1, and a moving ring 39 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the storage cloth 38. A pull rope 40 is fixedly connected to both the left and right ends of the moving ring 39. When in use, after the experiment is completely finished, the moving ring 39 can be moved upwards, at which point the storage cloth 38 will cover the device for protection, and then the device can be carried and moved by pulling the rope 40.

[0039] The specific method of using this invention is as follows: Step 1: First, place the device in a suitable position, then move the moving ring 39 downwards and place it on the tray 1. At this time, the type of experimental chamber can be identified by the label 37.

[0040] Step 2: Rotate the limiting rod 19 to release the limit on the second rack 17, then pull the first experimental chamber 3 to the left to move it to the left on the display plate 2, and move the second experimental chamber 4 to the right on the display plate 2. At this time, the third experimental chamber 5 falls onto the display plate 2.

[0041] Step 3: Pull the first handle 20 and the second handle 21 forward to move the pick-up and place rack 9 forward along the slide 36, place the multiple tunnel models 13 on the pick-up and place rack 9 respectively, and push the pick-up and place rack 9 back to the initial position.

[0042] Step 4: Rotate knob 30 in sequence to rotate plate 29. The liquid in water storage chamber 6 flows into the first experimental chamber 3 and comes into contact with the outer surface of tunnel model 13, thereby simulating the situation when the tunnel is flooded.

[0043] Step 5: Turn on the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31 to allow the sand in the sand and gravel chamber 7 to flow into the second experimental chamber 4 and the third experimental chamber 5, and to come into complete contact with the tunnel model 13 under the action of the first vibrator 28 and the second vibrator 31.

[0044] Step Six: Turn on water pump 33 to drain the liquid in water storage chamber 6 into the third experimental chamber 5, allowing the liquid to fully mix with the sand. Then, turn on all the coolers 12 to simulate the state of tunnel model 13 under sudden temperature changes. At this time, the first experimental chamber 3 simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes when it is submerged in water, the second experimental chamber 4 simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes under normal conditions, and the third simulator simulates the state of the tunnel under sudden temperature changes when the water content inside the mountain is very high.

[0045] Step 7: After cooling is complete, turn on the electromagnet 26 to attract the iron column to move downwards, release the blockage of the through groove 22 by the rubber plug 23, and the object in the test chamber flows into the recovery chamber 11. The tunnel model 13 is taken out by the pick-and-place rack 9.

[0046] Step 8: After the tunnel model 13 is taken out, it can be placed on the display board 8. Move the first experimental chamber 3 to the right, and at this time, the second experimental chamber 4 moves to the left, so that the third experimental chamber 5 moves upward. Limit the experimental chambers by the limit rod 19, and determine the type of experiment by the label 37.

[0047] Step 9: Rotate the device by rotating the display plate 2 to allow the experimenters to observe the state of the tunnel model 13.

[0048] Step 10: After the experiment is completely finished, the tunnel model 13 can be discarded or placed back on the pick-up and drop-off frame 9. Then, the moving ring 39 can be moved upwards, and the device can be carried and moved by the pull rope 40.

[0049] This invention features a novel structure, ingenious design, and simple and convenient operation. Through this design, multiple experimental operations are possible, effectively achieving the purpose of tunnel frost damage simulation experiments. It can effectively simulate the damage suffered by tunnels under various frost conditions, facilitating the observation of the degree of frost damage. It can simulate the damage caused to tunnels by rocks during sudden temperature changes, the damage caused by sudden temperature changes when there is sufficient water in the mountain, and the damage caused to tunnels when they are submerged. Therefore, it can effectively simulate the damage suffered by tunnels under various frost conditions. It is also portable, saves floor space, facilitates the observation of the degree of frost damage to the tunnel model, and allows experimental personnel to easily record data.

Claims

1. A simulation test device for frost damage in tunnels in cold regions, comprising a tray (1), characterized in that: A display tray (2) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the tray (1). A first experimental chamber (3) is slidably connected to the left side of the display tray (2), and a second experimental chamber (4) is slidably connected to the right side of the display tray (2). A third experimental chamber (5) is provided above the display tray (2) to cooperate with the first experimental chamber (3) and the second experimental chamber (4). A water storage chamber (6) is connected to the upper end of the first experimental chamber (3). A sand and gravel chamber (7) is connected to the upper end of the second experimental chamber (4) and the upper end of the third experimental chamber (5). A display plate (8) is fixedly connected to the upper end of each sand and gravel chamber (7) and the upper end of the water storage chamber (6). The display plate (8), the first experimental chamber (3), the second experimental chamber (4) and the third experimental chamber (5) cooperate with each other to form an experiment. To facilitate observation of the model's structure, a pick-and-place rack (9) is slidably connected to the front end of the first experimental chamber (3), the front end of the second experimental chamber (4), and the front end of the third experimental chamber (5). Each pick-and-place rack (9) has a first rubber pad (10) that can move back and forth at its front end. A recycling chamber (11) is opened at the lower end of the first experimental chamber (3), the lower end of the second experimental chamber (4), and the lower end of the third experimental chamber (5). The water storage chamber (6), the sand and gravel chamber (7), and the recycling chamber (11) form a structure that facilitates simulation experiments. A cooler (12) is fixedly connected to the left end of the first experimental chamber (3), the left end of the second experimental chamber (4), and the left end of the third experimental chamber (5). A movable tunnel model (13) is provided at the upper end of each pick-and-place rack (9). A second rubber pad (27) is fixedly connected inside the first experimental chamber (3), the second experimental chamber (4), and the third experimental chamber (5). A first vibrator (28) is fixedly connected to the rear end of each second rubber pad (27). A rotating plate (29) is rotatably connected inside the first experimental chamber (3), the second experimental chamber (4), and the third experimental chamber (5). A knob (30) is fixedly connected to the rear end of each rotating plate (29). A second vibrator (31) is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad (10). A second spring (32) is fixedly connected to the front end of each first rubber pad (10). The front end of each second spring (32) is fixedly connected to the corresponding pick-and-place rack (9).

2. The cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first experimental chamber (3) is rotatably connected to a first connecting rod (14) at both its front and rear ends. The upper end of each first connecting rod (14) is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber (5). The second experimental chamber (4) is rotatably connected to a second connecting rod (15) at both its front and rear ends. The upper end of each second connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the third experimental chamber (5). A first rack (16) is fixedly connected to the front end of the first experimental chamber (3). A second rack (17) is fixedly connected to the front end of the second experimental chamber (4). The display plate ( 2) has a gear (18) rotatably connected to its front end. The gear (18) meshes with the first rack (16) and the second rack (17). The front end of the second rack (17) is rotatably connected to a limiting rod (19) that cooperates with the display plate (2). The display plate (2) has a first handle (20) and a second handle (21) above it. The first handle (20) and the second handle (21) are slidably connected. The first handle (20) and the second handle (21) are rotatably connected to the corresponding first connecting rod (14) and second connecting rod (15).

3. The cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the first experimental chamber (3), the interior of the second experimental chamber (4), and the interior of the third experimental chamber (5) are all provided with a through slot (22) that communicates with the corresponding recovery chamber (11). Each recovery chamber (11) has a rubber plug (23) that can move up and down at both ends. Each rubber plug (23) is matched with the corresponding through slot (22). The lower end of each rubber plug (23) is fixedly connected to two iron rods (24). The lower end of each rubber plug (23) is fixedly connected to two first springs (25). Each first spring (25) is matched with the corresponding iron rod (24). The lower end of each first spring (25) is fixedly connected to the corresponding recovery chamber (11). Each recovery chamber (11) has an electromagnet (26) fixedly connected at both ends. Each iron rod (24) is matched with the corresponding electromagnet (26).

4. The cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (33) is fixedly connected inside the water storage chamber (6). A water guide pipe (34) is connected to the rear end of the water pump (33). The upper end of the water guide pipe (34) is connected to the corresponding sand and gravel chamber (7). A discharge plate (35) is slidably connected to the rear end of each of the recycling chambers (11). A sliding groove (36) that cooperates with the pick-and-place rack (9) is opened inside the first experimental chamber (3), the second experimental chamber (4), and the third experimental chamber (5).

5. The cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A label (37) is provided at the left end of the first experimental chamber (3), the right end of the second experimental chamber (4) and the left end of the third experimental chamber (5). A storage cloth (38) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tray (1). A moving ring (39) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the storage cloth (38). A pull rope (40) is fixedly connected to both the left and right ends of the moving ring (39).

6. A method for simulating frost damage in cold-region tunnels using the device described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: First, place the device in a suitable position, then move the moving ring (39) downwards and place it on the tray (1). At this time, the type of experimental chamber can be identified by the label (37). Step 2: Rotate the limiting rod (19) to release the limit on the second rack (17), and then pull the first experimental chamber (3) to the left to move it to the left on the display plate (2), so that the second experimental chamber (4) moves to the right on the display plate (2). At this time, the third experimental chamber (5) falls onto the display plate (2). Step 3: Pull the first handle (20) and the second handle (21) forward to move the pick-up and drop-off frame (9) forward along the slide (36), place the multiple tunnel models (13) on the pick-up and drop-off frame (9) respectively, and push the pick-up and drop-off frame (9) back to the initial position. Step 4: Rotate the knob (30) in sequence to rotate the rotating plate (29). The liquid in the water storage chamber (6) flows into the first experimental chamber (3) and contacts the outer surface of the tunnel model (13), thereby simulating the situation when the tunnel is flooded. Step 5: Turn on the first vibrator (28) and the second vibrator (31) to allow the sand in the sand and gravel chamber (7) to flow into the second experimental chamber (4) and the third experimental chamber (5) and come into full contact with the tunnel model (13) under the action of the first vibrator (28) and the second vibrator (31); Step 6: Turn on the water pump (33) to discharge the liquid in the water storage chamber (6) to the third experimental chamber (5) so that the liquid is fully mixed with the sand. Then turn on all the coolers (12) to simulate the state of the tunnel model (13) when the temperature changes suddenly. At this time, the first experimental chamber (3) simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the state of being submerged in water, the second experimental chamber (4) simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the normal state, and the third simulator simulates the state of the tunnel when the temperature changes suddenly under the state of high water content in the mountain. Step 7: After cooling is complete, turn on the electromagnet (26) to attract the iron rod (24) to move downwards, release the rubber plug (23) from the blockage of the through groove (22), and the object in the test chamber flows into the recovery chamber (11). The tunnel model (13) is taken out through the pick-and-place rack (9). Step 8: After the tunnel model (13) is taken out, it can be placed on the display board (8). Move the first experimental chamber (3) to the right. At this time, the second experimental chamber (4) moves to the left, so that the third experimental chamber (5) moves upward. Limit the experimental chamber with the limit rod (19) and determine the type of experiment with the label (37). Step 9: Rotate the device by rotating the display plate (2) to facilitate the experimenter's observation of the state of the tunnel model (13); Step 10: After the experiment is completely finished, the tunnel model (13) can be discarded or placed back on the pick-up and drop-off rack (9), and then the moving ring (39) can be moved upwards. After that, the device can be moved by pulling the rope (40).

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