Battery management unit, battery management system and address allocation method and device thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of battery management systems, in particular to a battery management unit, a battery management system and an address allocation method and device thereof. The battery management system comprises a communication bus, a plurality of battery management units mounted on the communication bus, a PWM transmission line and a plurality of switching switches. Each battery management unit is connected with the PWM transmission line through a switching switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output end or the PWM signal capture end of the battery management unit to be in communication with the PWM transmission line by controlling the switching switch. The battery management system can realize the automatic allocation of the addresses of the battery management units of each battery cluster in an energy storage system through communication signals and PWM signals in combination with software, without the need to increase additional hardware circuits and manual operation, so that the risk of operation failure is eliminated, and the development and maintenance costs are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management technology, specifically to a battery management unit, a battery management system, and an address allocation method and apparatus thereof. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of new energy, the market demand for energy storage capacity of energy storage systems is becoming increasingly diversified and cannot be uniform. In order to meet market demands and reduce development and maintenance costs, most companies choose to use a solution of multiple battery clusters connected in parallel with the same specifications to cover existing market needs. In this solution, the Battery Management System (BMS) controls and manages each battery cluster by a Battery Management Unit (BMU). To ensure secure data exchange and prevent crosstalk between the BMUs, address allocation is required for the BMUs that manage the battery clusters.

[0003] Existing technologies configure or manually assign addresses to the BMU of the battery cluster through hardware, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. It requires the addition of corresponding hardware and protection circuits, increasing system costs. At the same time, the system is not foolproof, which requires highly skilled operators. There is a risk of address assignment errors or duplicate systems, and the system cannot recognize such anomalies, resulting in fatal data crosstalk that affects the safe operation of the entire energy storage system's batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this application is to provide a battery management unit, a battery management system and its address allocation method and apparatus, to solve the technical problems of existing hardware configuration or manual allocation of battery cluster BMU addresses being cumbersome and time-consuming, requiring the addition of corresponding hardware circuits and protection circuits, increasing system costs, lacking foolproof protection, requiring high operator skills, having the risk of address allocation errors or duplicate systems, and being unable to identify such anomalies, leading to fatal data crosstalk that affects the safe operation of the entire energy storage system's batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application discloses a battery management system, comprising:

[0006] Communication bus;

[0007] Multiple battery management units are mounted on the communication bus;

[0008] PWM transmission line;

[0009] Multiple switching switches are provided, and each of the battery management units is connected to the PWM transmission line through a switching switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switching switch.

[0010] In one optional embodiment of this application, the communication bus includes a CAN communication bus.

[0011] In one optional embodiment of this application, the switching switch includes a multi-select analog switch, which includes at least two signal terminals, a control terminal, and a common signal terminal;

[0012] The two signal terminals are respectively connected to the PWM signal output terminal and PWM signal capture terminal of the corresponding battery management unit, the common signal terminal is connected to the PWM transmission line, and the control terminal is connected to the battery management unit.

[0013] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application also discloses a battery management system address allocation method. The battery management system includes multiple battery management units (BMUs) connected to a communication bus. Each BMU is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. The BMU can control the switch to connect its PWM signal output or PWM signal capture terminal to the PWM transmission line. The address allocation method includes:

[0014] After each battery management unit is powered on, the following steps are performed:

[0015] Obtain your own communication address;

[0016] Based on its own communication address, the information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line, the system determines whether the battery management unit is the host:

[0017] If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and assigns a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number;

[0018] If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

[0019] In an optional embodiment of this application, determining whether the battery management unit is a host based on its own communication address, information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line specifically includes:

[0020] Determine whether the self-communication address is a preset host address;

[0021] If the address is not a preset host address, it means that the battery management unit is not a host.

[0022] If the preset host address is used, and no host presence message is received through the communication bus, and no PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, then the battery management unit is the host.

[0023] In an optional embodiment of this application, it further includes:

[0024] If a preset host address is used, and a host presence message is received through the communication bus, or a PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, it proves that multiple hosts exist. The host then broadcasts an address clearing message through the communication bus to clear its own communication address and enters the host contention process.

[0025] In an optional embodiment of this application, the host contention process includes:

[0026] Receive serial numbers sent by other battery management units via the communication bus;

[0027] Determine whether its own serial number and the serial numbers of other received battery management units satisfy a first preset relationship:

[0028] If the first preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host;

[0029] If the first preset relationship is not met, then register itself as a slave.

[0030] In an optional embodiment of this application, the first preset relationship includes having its own serial number less than the serial numbers of the other battery management units received.

[0031] In an optional embodiment of this application, if it is a host, after obtaining the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus and allocating communication addresses to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number, the method further includes:

[0032] The system receives a successful allocation message from other battery management units after receiving the allocated communication address via the communication bus.

[0033] Update the serial numbers and assigned communication addresses of the other battery management units to the registry.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of this application, if it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and assigns a communication address to the other battery management units according to the obtained serial number, specifically including:

[0035] If it is the host, it broadcasts a host presence message through the communication bus and sends a PWM signal to the PWM transmission line;

[0036] The serial number sent by other battery management units after confirming the existence of the host is obtained through the communication bus;

[0037] Determine whether the serial numbers of the other battery management units have been registered in the registry;

[0038] If already registered, the old communication address corresponding to the serial number of other battery management units in the registry is assigned to the corresponding battery management unit;

[0039] If not registered, assign communication addresses to other battery management units according to the registry sequence.

[0040] In an optional embodiment of this application, if the host is not the primary controller, the primary controller in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line, including:

[0041] Broadcast its own serial number through the communication bus;

[0042] Determine whether an address clear message has been received via the communication bus:

[0043] If an address is cleared, the user clears its own communication address and enters the host contention process.

[0044] If no address clearing message is received, determine whether the host presence message has been received via the communication bus:

[0045] If a host exists message is received, wait for the host to assign a communication address;

[0046] If no host presence message is received, the serial number of other battery management units is received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial number of other battery management units.

[0047] In an optional embodiment of this application, if no host presence message is received, the serial numbers of other battery management units are received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial numbers of the other battery management units, specifically including:

[0048] If no host presence message is received, determine whether a PWM signal has been captured from the PWM transmission line:

[0049] If a PWM signal is captured, a communication failure will be reported.

[0050] If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial number of other battery management units is received through the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial number of other battery management units.

[0051] In an optional embodiment of this application, if the PWM signal is not captured, the serial numbers of other battery management units are received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial numbers of the other battery management units, specifically including:

[0052] If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial number of the other battery management units is received via the communication bus;

[0053] Determine whether the serial number of another battery management unit has been received via the communication bus:

[0054] If no serial number of another battery management unit is received, the device will be registered as the host.

[0055] If a serial number from another battery management unit is received, it is determined whether its own serial number and the received serial numbers from other battery management units satisfy a second preset relationship:

[0056] If the second preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host;

[0057] If the second preset relationship is not met, return to the step of broadcasting its own serial number through the communication bus.

[0058] In an optional embodiment of this application, the second preset relationship includes having its own serial number less than the serial numbers of the other battery management units received.

[0059] In an optional embodiment of this application, if a host presence message is received, after waiting for the host to allocate a communication address, the method further includes:

[0060] The communication address assigned by the host is obtained through the communication bus;

[0061] It updates its own communication address using the communication address assigned by the host, and replies to the host with a successful allocation message through the communication bus;

[0062] Determine whether a PWM signal has been captured from the PWM transmission line:

[0063] If the PWM signal is captured, the address allocation is complete;

[0064] If the PWM signal is not captured, a communication failure will be reported.

[0065] In an optional embodiment of this application, the PWM signal includes a PWM signal with a preset frequency.

[0066] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application also introduces a battery management system address allocation device. The battery management system includes multiple battery management units, which are mounted on a communication bus. Each battery management unit is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch.

[0067] The battery management system address allocation device includes:

[0068] The address acquisition module is used for the battery management unit to obtain its own communication address after power-on.

[0069] The allocation module is used to determine whether the battery management unit is the host based on its own communication address, information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line.

[0070] If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and assigns a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number;

[0071] If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

[0072] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application also introduces a battery management unit that uses the above-described battery management system address allocation method for address allocation.

[0073] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application also describes an energy storage system, comprising:

[0074] Multiple battery clusters;

[0075] The battery management system includes:

[0076] Communication bus;

[0077] Multiple battery management units are mounted on the communication bus, and each battery management unit is connected to a battery cluster.

[0078] PWM transmission line;

[0079] Multiple switching switches are provided, and each of the battery management units is connected to the PWM transmission line through a switching switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switching switch.

[0080] The battery management system of this application configures a switch for each battery management unit (BMU) connected to the communication bus. Each BMU is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. Each BMU can control its PWM signal output or capture terminal to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch. Therefore, during address allocation, the addresses of the BMUs in each battery cluster of the energy storage system can be automatically allocated through communication signals, PWM signals, and software, without the need for additional hardware circuitry or manual operation, eliminating the risk of human error and reducing development and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the dual confirmation through bus communication and PWM avoids data crosstalk caused by duplicate address allocations, enhancing the safety of the battery management system and the entire energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0081] Figure 1 This is a structural topology diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0082] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection between a single battery management unit and a switching switch.

[0083] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a battery management system address allocation method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0084] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a battery management system address allocation device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0085] Figure 5a , 5b This is a flowchart illustrating the address allocation control of a battery management system according to a specific embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application.

[0087] This application discloses a battery management unit, a battery management system, and an address allocation method and apparatus thereof. By configuring a switch for each battery management unit mounted on a communication bus, each battery management unit is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. Each battery management unit can control its PWM signal output or capture terminal to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch. Therefore, during address allocation, the addresses of the battery management units in each battery cluster of the energy storage system can be automatically allocated through communication signals and PWM signals, combined with software. This eliminates the need for additional hardware circuitry and manual operation, reducing the risk of human error and lowering development and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the dual confirmation via bus communication and PWM avoids data crosstalk caused by duplicate address allocations, enhancing the security of the battery management system and the entire energy storage system.

[0088] The battery management system is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the management system is applied to an energy storage system that includes multiple battery clusters. The battery management system is mainly used for real-time monitoring of battery physical parameters, battery status estimation, online diagnosis and early warning, charging, discharging and pre-charging control, equalization management and thermal management of the battery clusters in the energy storage system.

[0089] The battery management system includes a communication bus, multiple battery management units B1, B2, ..., Bn, a PWM transmission line, and multiple switching switches K1, K2, ..., Kn.

[0090] The communication bus is a CAN communication bus (CAN bus for short). The CAN bus is a broadcast bus; all nodes connected to the CAN bus can hear all transmitted message information. Messages cannot be sent individually to a specific node; all nodes will always capture all message information. However, the CAN hardware can provide local filtering functionality, allowing each node to respond selectively to messages. It is understandable that other communication buses that support node transmission can also be selected.

[0091] Multiple battery management units B1, B2, ..., Bn are mounted on the communication bus. Each battery management unit is connected to a battery cluster and is used to control and manage the connected battery cluster. Specifically, it can be used to collect and manage the voltage, current, and temperature information of individual cells in the battery cluster and upload it to the battery management system, and manage the individual cells in the battery cluster to realize the individual cell balancing function.

[0092] The PWM transmission line serves as the transmission line for PWM signals. It is used to transmit PWM signals. The battery management unit can use the PWM transmission line to capture PWM signals sent by other battery management units, and it can also use the PWM transmission line to send PWM signals to other battery management units.

[0093] Each battery management unit (BMU) is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. The BMU can control its PWM signal output or PWM signal capture terminal to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the corresponding switch, thereby achieving PWM signal output and capture. When the BMU's PWM signal output terminal is connected to the PWM transmission line, the BMU can output a PWM signal to the PWM transmission line, and other BMUs with their PWM signal capture terminals connected to the PWM transmission line can capture this PWM signal from the PWM transmission line. When the BMU's PWM signal capture terminal is connected to the PWM transmission line, the BMU can capture the PWM signal sent by the host from the PWM transmission line.

[0094] Each switch K1, K2, ..., Kn has the same structure and uses the same connection method with the corresponding battery management units B1, B2, ..., Bn. For example... Figure 1 and 2 As shown, taking the switch Kn as an example, the switch Kn is a two-to-one analog switch (it can also be an N-to-one analog switch, where N is greater than or equal to 3). The two-to-one analog switch includes two signal terminals A and B, a control terminal, and a common signal terminal. The two signal terminals A and B are respectively connected to the PWM signal output terminal and PWM signal capture terminal of the corresponding battery management unit Bn. The common signal terminal is connected to the PWM transmission line. The control terminal is connected to the battery management unit Bn. The battery management unit Bn can control the common signal terminal of the switch Kn to connect to one of the two signal terminals A and B through the control terminal. That is, setting the switch Kn to one of A and B will enable the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line.

[0095] Figure 3This application illustrates a battery management system address allocation method according to one embodiment. This battery management system address allocation method is based on the above... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The battery management system topology shown is implemented. Figure 5a , 5b This is a flowchart illustrating the address allocation control of a battery management system according to a specific embodiment of this application. The following will be combined with... Figure 5a , 5b This paper will detail the address allocation process of the battery management system in this application.

[0096] For ease of explanation, let's assume that the initial communication address of each battery management unit is 0. A communication address of 1 (the default host address) is designated as the master, and communication addresses greater than 1 are designated as slaves. Let ID0 be its own communication address and SN0 be its own serial number. The communication addresses of other battery management units are denoted as ID, and their serial numbers as SN. It should be noted that the default host address can be flexibly set as needed, and other suitable values ​​besides 1 can be selected; no restrictions are imposed here.

[0097] like Figure 3 and Figure 5a , Figure 5b As shown, the battery management system address allocation method performs the following steps after each battery management unit is powered on:

[0098] Step S11, obtain your own communication address:

[0099] In order to perform host identification and address allocation later, when the battery management unit is powered on, it reads its own communication address ID0 and its own serial number SN0, and sets the switch to the B end. Since the host will continuously send PWM signals to the PWM transmission line throughout its life cycle, by setting the switch to the B end, the PWM signal capture end of the battery management unit is connected to the PWM transmission line. When the host is present in the battery management system, the PWM signal sent by the host can be captured from the PWM transmission line.

[0100] Step S12: Based on its own communication address, the information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line, determine whether the battery management unit is the host:

[0101] If it is the host, proceed to step S13;

[0102] If it is not the host, proceed to step S14.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the process of determining whether a battery management unit is a host based on its own communication address, information received through the communication bus, and PWM signals captured by the PWM transmission line includes:

[0104] Determine whether the self-communication address is a preset host address;

[0105] If the address is not a preset host address, it means that the battery management unit is not a host.

[0106] If the preset host address is used, and no host presence message is received through the communication bus, and no PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, then the battery management unit is the host.

[0107] If a preset host address is used, and a host presence message is received via the communication bus, or a PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, it indicates the presence of multiple hosts. The host then broadcasts an address clearing message via the communication bus to clear its own communication address and enters the host contention process. Preferably, the PWM signal is a PWM signal with a preset frequency f.

[0108] After obtaining its own communication address ID0, it needs to first determine whether ID0 is equal to the preset host address 1. If ID0 is equal to 1, it means that it can act as a host. At this time, it is also necessary to determine whether there are other hosts.

[0109] The presence of other hosts can be determined by receiving a host presence message on the communication bus within a preset time T0 and capturing the PWM signal from the PWM transmission line. This dual confirmation via PWM signal and communication signal enhances system security.

[0110] Specifically, when a host presence message is received via the communication bus or a PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line within a preset time T0, it proves that multiple hosts exist. In this case, all battery management units need to broadcast address clearing messages and clear their own communication addresses. The battery management system starts the host contention process. After receiving the address clearing message via the communication bus, other battery management units will also clear their communication addresses. After the addresses are cleared, the battery management units will broadcast their respective serial numbers to the communication bus as the basis for host contention.

[0111] The host contention process includes: each battery management unit receiving a serial number sent by other battery management units via the communication bus; and determining whether its own serial number and the received serial numbers of other battery management units satisfy a first preset relationship.

[0112] If the first preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host;

[0113] If the first preset relationship is not met, then register itself as a slave.

[0114] In this embodiment, the first preset relationship means that the current battery management unit's own serial number is less than the received serial numbers of other battery management units. That is, if the current battery management unit's own serial number is the minimum value in the set formed by the received serial numbers of other battery management units and its own serial number, the election is successful, and the unit is registered as the master. Conversely, if the current serial number is less than the received serial numbers of other battery management units, the unit is registered as a slave, waiting for the successfully elected master to allocate a communication address. Of course, the first preset relationship also means that the current battery management unit's own serial number is greater than the received serial numbers of other battery management units. That is, if the current battery management unit's own serial number is the maximum value in the set formed by the received serial numbers of other battery management units and its own serial number, or the first preset relationship can also mean that the current serial number is in a specific position other than the maximum or minimum value in the set formed by the received serial numbers of other battery management units and its own serial number. It should be noted that the first preset relationship can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to the situations listed above.

[0115] If no host presence message is received via the bus within the preset time T0, and no PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, it indicates that there is currently no host in the battery management system. In this case, the system will register itself as a host, broadcast the host presence message via the communication bus, and control the switch to be set to end A, outputting a PWM signal to the PWM transmission line.

[0116] Step S13: Obtain the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and assign a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number.

[0117] In one exemplary embodiment, obtaining a serial number sent by another battery management unit via the communication bus and assigning a communication address to the other battery management unit based on the obtained serial number includes the following steps:

[0118] The host presence message is broadcast through the communication bus, and a PWM signal is sent to the PWM transmission line. Other battery management units confirm the presence of the host based on the received host presence message and PWM signal, register themselves as slaves, and send their own serial number SN to the host through the communication bus, waiting for the host to assign a communication address.

[0119] The serial number SN sent by other battery management units after confirming the existence of the host is obtained through the communication bus;

[0120] Determine whether the serial number (SN) of the other battery management units has been registered in the registry;

[0121] If already registered, the old communication address (i.e., old ID) corresponding to the serial number SN of other battery management units in the registry is assigned to the corresponding battery management unit;

[0122] If not registered, the communication addresses of other battery management units are assigned according to the registry sequence, for example, according to the order of receipt in the registry.

[0123] After the host battery management unit assigns a communication address to other battery management units, it sends the assigned communication address to the other battery management units via the communication bus. The other battery management units use the communication address assigned by the host to update their own communication address and reply to the host with a successful assignment message via the communication bus. The host receives the successful assignment message from the other battery management units after receiving the assigned communication address via the communication bus. The host updates and stores the serial number and assigned communication address of the other battery management units in the registry, so that they can be used as the old ID of the corresponding battery management unit when address allocation is performed in the future.

[0124] Step S14: Determine the host in the battery management system based on the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

[0125] In one exemplary embodiment, determining the host in the battery management system using information received from the communication bus and PWM signals captured from the PWM transmission line includes the following steps:

[0126] Start timer T0, broadcast its own serial number SN0 through the communication bus, and set the switch to B;

[0127] Determine whether an address clear message has been received via the communication bus:

[0128] If an address is cleared, the user clears its own communication address and enters the host contention process.

[0129] If no address clearing message is received, determine whether the host presence message has been received via the communication bus:

[0130] If a host presence message is received, timer T0 is closed, and the system waits for the host to allocate a communication address. Once the host-allocated communication address is obtained via the communication bus within a preset time T0, the system updates its own communication address ID0 using the host-allocated address and replies with a successful allocation message to the host via the communication bus. The system then determines whether a PWM signal has been captured from the PWM transmission line: if a PWM signal is captured, the address allocation is complete; if no PWM signal is captured, it indicates a problem with the connection between the host or the slave device and the PWM transmission line, and a communication failure is reported.

[0131] If no host presence message is received, the serial number of other battery management units is received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial number of other battery management units.

[0132] Specifically, when receiving the serial numbers of other battery management units via the communication bus and determining the host in the battery management system based on these serial numbers, the system first checks whether a PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line. If a PWM signal is captured, a communication fault is reported. If no PWM signal is captured, the system receives the serial numbers of other battery management units via the communication bus and determines the host in the battery management system based on these serial numbers. This dual confirmation via the PWM signal avoids data crosstalk caused by duplicate address allocations, thus increasing the security of the battery management system.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, if a PWM signal is not captured, the process of receiving the serial numbers of other battery management units via the communication bus and determining the host in the battery management system based on the received serial numbers of the other battery management units specifically includes:

[0134] If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial number of the other battery management units is received via the communication bus;

[0135] Determine whether the serial number of another battery management unit has been received via the communication bus:

[0136] If no serial number of another battery management unit is received, the device will be registered as the host.

[0137] If a serial number from another battery management unit is received, it is determined whether its own serial number and the received serial numbers from other battery management units satisfy a second preset relationship:

[0138] If the second preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host;

[0139] If the second preset relationship is not met, the process returns to the step of broadcasting its own serial number via the communication bus until the host in the battery management system is determined.

[0140] In this embodiment, the second preset relationship means that when the current battery management unit's own serial number is less than the serial numbers of the other battery management units it has received, that is, when the current battery management unit's own serial number is the minimum value in the set consisting of the serial numbers of the other battery management units it has received and its own serial number, then the unit registers itself as a host; otherwise, it returns to the step of broadcasting its own serial number via the communication bus. Of course, in other embodiments, the second preset relationship means that when the current battery management unit's own serial number is greater than the serial numbers of the other battery management units it has received, that is, when the current battery management unit's own serial number is the maximum value in the set consisting of the serial numbers of the other battery management units it has received and its own serial number, then the unit registers itself as a host; otherwise, it returns to the step of broadcasting its own serial number via the communication bus.

[0141] Please see Figure 5b When no PWM signal is captured, if no serial number SN of other battery management units is received within a preset time T0, or if a serial number SN of other battery management units is received, the system compares its own serial number SN0 with the serial number SN of other battery management units. When SN0 is the smallest, the system updates its own communication address ID0 to the preset communication address 1 and saves it. At the same time, the system broadcasts a host presence message through the communication bus and outputs a PWM signal to the PWM transmission line. The system can also use the steps in step S13 to allocate addresses to other battery management units.

[0142] As can be seen from the above, this application configures a switch for each battery management unit (BMU) mounted on the communication bus. Each BMU is connected to the PWM transmission line via a switch. Each BMU can control the PWM signal output or capture terminal of its own BMU to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch. Therefore, during address allocation, the addresses of the BMUs in each battery cluster of the energy storage system can be automatically allocated through communication signals and PWM signals, combined with software. This eliminates the need for additional hardware circuitry and manual operation, reducing the risk of human error and lowering development and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the dual confirmation via bus communication and PWM avoids data crosstalk caused by duplicate address allocations, enhancing the safety of the battery management system and the entire energy storage system.

[0143] Figure 4 A structural block diagram of a battery management system address allocation device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the battery management system address allocation device 11 includes an address acquisition module 111 and a determination allocation module 112.

[0144] The address acquisition module 111 is used to acquire its own communication address after the battery management unit is powered on;

[0145] The determination and allocation module 112 is used to determine whether the battery management unit is the host based on its own communication address, the information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line.

[0146] If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and assigns a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number;

[0147] If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

[0148] It should be noted that the battery management system address allocation device 11 provided in the above embodiments and the battery management system address allocation method provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept. The specific operation methods of each module have been described in detail in the method embodiments and will not be repeated here. In practical applications, the battery management system address allocation device provided in the above embodiments can be configured to perform the above functions by different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. This application does not impose any limitations on this. Therefore, this application effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0149] Throughout this description, numerous specific details, such as examples of components and / or methods, are provided to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of this application may be practiced without one or more of these specific details or by other devices, systems, components, methods, parts, materials, components, etc.

[0150] It should also be understood that one or more of the elements shown in the figures may be implemented in a more separate or more integrated manner, or may even be removed because they are inoperable in certain circumstances or provided because they may be useful for a particular application.

[0151] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, any arrows in the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative only and not limiting. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and / or". Where a term is anticipated to provide a separation or combination capability that is unclear, a combination of components or steps will also be considered as indicated.

[0152] The above description of the embodiments shown in this application (including the content set forth in the abstract of the specification) is not intended to be an exhaustive enumeration or to limit this application to the precise forms disclosed herein. Although specific embodiments and examples of this application have been described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of this application, as will be recognized and understood by those skilled in the art. As indicated, these modifications can be made to this application in accordance with the above description of the embodiments described herein, and such modifications will be within the spirit and scope of this application.

[0153] This document has generally described the systems and methods in detail to aid in understanding the present application. Furthermore, various specific details have been provided to offer a general understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of this application can be practiced without one or more specific details, or using other means, systems, accessories, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, and / or operations have not been specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the embodiments of this application.

[0154] Therefore, although this application has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments thereof, freedom of modification, various changes and substitutions are also within the scope of the above disclosure, and it should be understood that in some cases, certain features of this application may be adopted without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and without corresponding use of other features. Thus, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular environment or material to the essential scope and spirit of this application. This application is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used in the following claims and / or the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode of carrying out this application, but this application will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of this application will be determined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that, include: Communication bus; Multiple battery management units are mounted on the communication bus; PWM transmission line; Multiple switching switches are provided, and each of the battery management units is connected to the PWM transmission line through a switching switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switching switch. Each battery management unit, upon power-on, acquires its own communication address; based on its own communication address, information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line, it determines whether the battery management unit is the host. If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, allocates a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number, and receives the allocation success message from other battery management units after receiving the allocated communication address through the communication bus, and updates the serial number and allocated communication address of other battery management units to the registry. If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication bus includes the CAN communication bus.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching switch includes a multi-select analog switch, which includes at least two signal terminals, a control terminal, and a common signal terminal. The two signal terminals are respectively connected to the PWM signal output terminal and PWM signal capture terminal of the corresponding battery management unit, the common signal terminal is connected to the PWM transmission line, and the control terminal is connected to the battery management unit.

4. A battery management system address allocation method, characterized in that, The battery management system includes multiple battery management units, which are mounted on a communication bus. Each battery management unit is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output or PWM signal capture terminal of its own unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch. The address allocation method includes: After each battery management unit is powered on, the following steps are performed: Obtain your own communication address; Based on its own communication address, the information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line, the system determines whether the battery management unit is the host: If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, and allocates a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number. It receives the allocation success message from other battery management units after receiving the allocated communication address through the communication bus, and updates the serial number and allocated communication address of other battery management units to the registry. If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

5. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on its own communication address, the information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line, the system determines whether the battery management unit is the host, specifically including: Determine whether the self-communication address is a preset host address; If the address is not a preset host address, it means that the battery management unit is not a host. If the preset host address is used, and no host presence message is received through the communication bus, and no PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, then the battery management unit is the host.

6. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: If a preset host address is used, and a host presence message is received through the communication bus, or a PWM signal is captured from the PWM transmission line, it proves that multiple hosts exist. The host then broadcasts an address clearing message through the communication bus to clear its own communication address and enters the host contention process.

7. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The host contention process includes: Receive serial numbers sent by other battery management units via the communication bus; Determine whether its own serial number and the serial numbers of other received battery management units satisfy a first preset relationship: If the first preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host; If the first preset relationship is not met, then register itself as a slave.

8. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first preset relationship This includes cases where the serial number itself is less than the serial number of the other battery management units received.

9. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, If it is the host, it obtains the serial number sent by the other battery management units through the communication bus, and assigns communication addresses to the other battery management units according to the obtained serial number, specifically including: If it is the host, it broadcasts a host presence message through the communication bus and sends a PWM signal to the PWM transmission line; The serial number sent by other battery management units after confirming the existence of the host is obtained through the communication bus; Determine whether the serial numbers of the other battery management units have been registered in the registry; If already registered, the old communication address corresponding to the serial number of other battery management units in the registry is assigned to the corresponding battery management unit; If not registered, assign communication addresses to other battery management units according to the registry sequence.

10. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, If not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined through information received from the communication bus and PWM signals captured from the PWM transmission line, including: Broadcast its own serial number through the communication bus; Determine whether an address clear message has been received via the communication bus: If an address is cleared, the user clears its own communication address and enters the host contention process. If no address clearing message is received, determine whether the host presence message has been received via the communication bus: If a host exists message is received, wait for the host to assign a communication address; If no host presence message is received, the serial number of other battery management units is received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial number of other battery management units.

11. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, If no host presence message is received, the serial numbers of other battery management units are received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial numbers of the other battery management units, specifically including: If no host presence message is received, determine whether a PWM signal has been captured from the PWM transmission line: If a PWM signal is captured, a communication failure will be reported. If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial number of other battery management units is received through the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial number of other battery management units.

12. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 11, characterized in that, If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial numbers of other battery management units are received via the communication bus, and the host in the battery management system is determined based on the received serial numbers of the other battery management units, specifically including: If the PWM signal is not captured, the serial number of the other battery management units is received via the communication bus; Determine whether the serial number of another battery management unit has been received via the communication bus: If no serial number of another battery management unit is received, the device will be registered as the host. If a serial number from another battery management unit is received, it is determined whether its own serial number and the received serial numbers from other battery management units satisfy a second preset relationship: If the second preset relationship is satisfied, then register the local machine as the host; If the second preset relationship is not met, return to the step of broadcasting its own serial number through the communication bus.

13. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second preset relationship includes having its own serial number less than the serial numbers of the other battery management units it receives.

14. The battery management system address allocation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, If a host exists message is received, after waiting for the host to allocate a communication address, the process also includes: The communication address assigned by the host is obtained through the communication bus; It updates its own communication address using the communication address assigned by the host, and replies to the host with a successful allocation message through the communication bus; Determine whether a PWM signal has been captured from the PWM transmission line: If the PWM signal is captured, the address allocation is complete; If the PWM signal is not captured, a communication failure will be reported.

15. The battery management system address allocation method according to any one of claims 4-14, characterized in that, The PWM signal includes a PWM signal with a preset frequency.

16. A battery management system address allocation device, characterized in that, The battery management system includes multiple battery management units, which are mounted on a communication bus. Each battery management unit is connected to a PWM transmission line via a switch. The battery management unit can control the PWM signal output terminal or PWM signal capture terminal of the battery management unit to connect to the PWM transmission line by controlling the switch. The battery management system address allocation device includes: The address acquisition module is used for the battery management unit to obtain its own communication address after power-on. The allocation module is used to determine whether the battery management unit is the host based on its own communication address, information received through the communication bus, and the PWM signal captured by the PWM transmission line. If it is a host, it obtains the serial number sent by other battery management units through the communication bus, allocates a communication address to other battery management units according to the obtained serial number, and receives the allocation success message from other battery management units after receiving the allocated communication address through the communication bus, and updates the serial number and allocated communication address of other battery management units to the registry. If it is not the host, the host in the battery management system is determined by the information received from the communication bus and the PWM signal captured from the PWM transmission line.

17. A battery management unit, characterized in that, The battery management unit uses the battery management system address allocation method as described in any one of claims 4-15 to allocate addresses.

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