Patch antenna structure, uwb antenna and multilayer antenna system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a patch antenna structure, a UWB antenna, and a multilayer antenna system. The patch antenna structure includes: a dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other; a metal ground layer; the metal ground layer is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate and has several slots formed therein; and an antenna element array; the antenna element array consists of four antenna elements located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; wherein, in the antenna element array: the distance between the centers of two adjacent antenna elements in the same row is less than a preset distance standard; and the antenna elements in adjacent rows are arranged in a mirror image. This invention has a simple structure, is suitable for various indoor UWB base station application scenarios, can improve the accuracy of the ranging algorithm of the UWB system, and achieve 360-degree coverage without dead zones. Furthermore, it can improve coverage and increase the number of tracking tags through a multi-layer structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a patch antenna structure, a UWB antenna, and a multilayer antenna system. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, as a hot market trend, will bring great convenience to people's work and life in the future. UWB technology has comprehensive advantages in precise positioning, security, anti-interference, low power consumption, and high-speed short-range data transmission. In the future, it will be widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT), smart homes, automotive, security, and other industries to achieve functions such as real-time positioning and locating, payment, security door locks, and car digital keys. With the continuous improvement of the UWB ecosystem, the application areas of UWB modules and UWB-Tags will become increasingly widespread.

[0003] For applications requiring precise positioning and coverage, UWB technology offers advantages such as low power spectral density, insensitivity to channel fading, low transmit power, strong anti-interference capabilities, large system capacity, and high resolution. It is particularly suitable for wireless access in densely populated, multipath-based positioning environments with multiple indoor access points. Currently, most UWB antennas on the market use circular or linear polarization; however, in practical applications, these antennas often exhibit blind zone issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention is: providing a patch antenna structure, including: a dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate having a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other; a metal ground layer; the metal ground layer being attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate and having a plurality of slots formed therein; an antenna element array; the antenna element array consisting of four antenna elements located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; wherein, in the antenna element array: the distance between the centers of two adjacent antenna elements in the same row is less than a preset distance standard; the antenna elements in two adjacent rows are arranged in a mirror image.

[0005] In some embodiments, the antenna element includes: a first rectangular radiator; the first rectangular radiator has a preset size; the first rectangular radiator has square chamfers at two vertices in the diagonal direction to form a perturbation structure.

[0006] In some embodiments, the antenna element includes: a second rectangular radiator; the rectangular radiator having a preset size; and a slot; the slot being located within the second rectangular radiator and extending along the diagonal direction of the second rectangular radiator.

[0007] In some embodiments, the antenna element includes: a rectangular coupler; the rectangular coupler has isosceles triangle chamfers at two vertices along its diagonal direction; and a circular radiator; the circular radiator is located inside the rectangular coupler and has a gap of a predetermined width between it and the rectangular coupler.

[0008] In some embodiments, the feed point of the antenna element is located at the center of the circular radiator.

[0009] In some embodiments, the metal grounding layer is rectangular, having a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge; wherein the metal grounding layer has: a first rectangular groove parallel to and close to the first edge; a second rectangular groove parallel to and close to the second edge; a third rectangular groove parallel to and close to the third edge; and a fourth rectangular groove parallel to and close to the fourth edge; wherein the first rectangular groove and the third rectangular groove are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the rectangular metal grounding layer, and the second rectangular groove and the fourth rectangular groove are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the rectangular metal grounding layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the preset distance standard is half the wavelength of the patch antenna.

[0011] In some embodiments, the antenna element is fed through a metal via.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention is: to provide a UWB antenna, including three or more patch antenna structures as described above; two adjacent patch antenna structures are connected by a dielectric substrate of the patch antenna structure to form the UWB antenna; wherein, the second surface of the dielectric substrate forms the outer surface of the UWB antenna, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate forms the inner surface of the UWB antenna.

[0013] In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate is a rectangular substrate with a preset size and thickness; two adjacent patch antenna structures are connected by the wide side of the dielectric substrate to enclose and form a corresponding polyhedral structure; wherein, the second surface of the dielectric substrate is the outer surface of the polyhedral structure, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate is the inner surface of the polyhedral structure.

[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer antenna system, including two or more UWB antennas as described above; wherein, two adjacent UWB antennas are stacked together along the height direction to form the multi-layer antenna system.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: Unlike existing technologies, the embodiments of the present invention can improve the accuracy of the ranging algorithm in ultra-wideband systems, achieving 360-degree coverage without blind spots. Furthermore, the coverage rate can be improved and the number of tracking tags can be increased through a multi-layered structure. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the antenna elements;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the patch antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the patch antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the rectangular slots;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second antenna unit provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third antenna unit provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a graph of the S11 parameters when the antenna element is operating in the CH5 frequency band;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a graph of the S11 parameters when the patch antenna structure is operating in the CH5 band;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a graph of the S11 parameters when the antenna element is operating in the CH9 frequency band;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a graph of the S11 parameters when the patch antenna structure is operating in the CH9 frequency band;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a graph of the S21 parameters when the antenna element is operating in the CH5 frequency band;

[0026] Figure 11 This is a graph of the S21 parameters when the patch antenna structure is operating in the CH5 band;

[0027] Figure 12 This is a graph of the S21 parameters when the antenna element is operating in the CH9 frequency band;

[0028] Figure 13 This is a graph of the S21 parameters when the patch antenna structure is operating in the CH9 band;

[0029] Figure 14 This is the radiation pattern of the antenna element when it is operating at 6.5 GHz;

[0030] Figure 15 This is the radiation pattern of the patch antenna structure operating at 6.5 GHz;

[0031] Figure 16 This is the radiation pattern of the antenna element when it is operating at 8.0 GHz;

[0032] Figure 17 This is the radiation pattern of the patch antenna structure operating at 8.0 GHz;

[0033] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a UWB antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 19 This is the radiation pattern of the UWB antenna when it operates at 6.5 GHz;

[0035] Figure 20 This is the radiation pattern of a UWB antenna operating at 8.0 GHz;

[0036] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-layer antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 22 This is the radiation pattern of a multi-layer antenna system operating at 6.5 GHz;

[0038] Figure 23 This is the radiation pattern of a multi-layer antenna system operating at 8.0 GHz. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. When an element is described as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "bottom," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0042] According to some embodiments of this application, for example Figure 2 As shown, the antenna system may include: a dielectric substrate 100 having a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, a metal ground layer 200 attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate 100, and an antenna element array 300 disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 100.

[0043] In this context, a dielectric substrate refers to a plate-shaped medium used to fix antenna elements in a stable environment, thereby ensuring the correct installation and operation of the antenna elements, or to connect antenna elements to an antenna array to achieve frequency and direction adjustment. Its specific shape and dimensions can be set and determined according to the needs of the actual application.

[0044] For ease of description, in this embodiment and all subsequent embodiments, the dielectric substrate 100 is uniformly designated as a rectangular FR4 substrate with a preset size and thickness, having a long side length of 100mm, a wide side length of 100mm, and a thickness of 2mm.

[0045] According to some embodiments of this application, the antenna element array 300 consists of four antenna elements, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0046] Each antenna element has a corresponding feed point so that the excitation signal generates current in both the antenna element and the metal ground layer. In this embodiment, the antenna element is fed by forming a metal via at its corresponding feed point.

[0047] According to cavity membrane theory, a regularly shaped microstrip patch fed from a single point can generate two degenerate modes with orthogonal polarization and equal amplitude, but cannot achieve a 90-degree phase difference. However, if a unit capable of separating degenerate modes is introduced onto the regular patch, allowing the equivalent impedance phase angle of one mode to lead by 45 degrees and the equivalent impedance phase angle of the other mode to lag by 45 degrees, circular polarization can be achieved.

[0048] According to some embodiments of this application, a regular antenna element is configured, and a relatively varied area is introduced by introducing perturbations to achieve circular polarization. Specifically, the antenna element is configured as a regular first rectangular radiator 310 with a preset side length. The first rectangular radiator 310 has square chamfers at two vertices along its diagonal direction to form a perturbation structure, namely a square chamfer at the upper left corner and a square chamfer at the lower right corner. The feed point is located at the intersection of the horizontal axis of symmetry of the upper left corner chamfer and the vertical axis of symmetry of the first rectangular radiator 310.

[0049] The size, shape and position of the chamfer of the first rectangular radiator, and the position of the feed point can be adjusted according to actual application requirements to change the antenna's resonant frequency range, axial ratio, and efficiency.

[0050] In addition, based on the application of a single-fed antenna element that introduces perturbation, an array antenna is also used. By arranging the array antenna elements in a rotationally symmetrical manner, the excitation phase and amplitude between each antenna element are controlled, so that the total radiation field of the array is circularly polarized.

[0051] Specifically, the four antenna elements in the antenna element array 300 are arranged in two rows and two columns, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent antenna elements in the same row is less than a preset distance standard. In some embodiments, the distance standard may be half the wavelength of the patch antenna.

[0052] The antenna elements in adjacent rows are arranged in a mirror image, meaning the antenna elements in the first row are mirror-symmetrical to those in the second row. Furthermore, the feed points of the antenna elements in adjacent rows are also mirror-symmetrical. This achieves a qualified axial ratio bandwidth across the frequency range, resulting in broadband radiation and reception. The four antenna elements can simultaneously support 1T3R, 2T2R, and other hardware operation modes, and can also be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0053] It should be noted that the trajectory of the endpoint of the instantaneous electric field vector of an arbitrary polarized wave is an ellipse, and the ratio of the major axis 2A to the minor axis 2B of the ellipse is called the axial ratio (AR). Axial ratio bandwidth is the operating frequency band where the axial ratio of an antenna is below a certain value in the main radiation direction or within a certain beamwidth. For example, assuming a circularly polarized antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 50MHz with a VSWR below 1.5, and within this band, the frequency band with an axial ratio below a specified value (e.g., 10dB) in the entire main beam is only 10MHz, then the axial ratio bandwidth of this antenna is 10MHz.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the axial ratio bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth where the AR is not greater than 10dB.

[0055] According to some embodiments of this application, the metal grounding layer 200 has several slots to change the distribution of electromagnetic waves on the grounding layer and improve the consistency of the antenna radiation direction. Their arrangement is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0056] It should be noted that the shape and size of the dielectric substrate 100 in this embodiment are determined based on the size of the metal ground layer 200. In other words, the metal ground layer 200 is rectangular and has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge.

[0057] The metal grounding layer 200 has a first rectangular groove 410 parallel to and close to the first edge, a second rectangular groove 420 parallel to and close to the second edge, a third rectangular groove 430 parallel to and close to the third edge, and a fourth rectangular groove 440 parallel to and close to the fourth edge. The first rectangular groove 410, the second rectangular groove 420, the third rectangular groove 430, and the fourth rectangular groove 440 have the same dimensions.

[0058] It should be emphasized that the first rectangular groove 410 and the third rectangular groove 430 are arranged symmetrically around the center of the rectangular metal grounding layer 200, and the second rectangular groove 420 and the fourth rectangular groove 440 are arranged symmetrically around the center of the rectangular metal grounding layer 200.

[0059] In other embodiments, the size and position of the first rectangular slot, the second rectangular slot, the third rectangular slot, and the fourth rectangular slot can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0060] According to some other embodiments of this application, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of antenna element. The antenna element is configured as a regular second rectangular radiator 320 with a preset side length. A rectangular slot 321 is formed on the second rectangular radiator, extending along the diagonal of the second rectangular radiator. The feed point 311 is located on the horizontal axis of symmetry of the second rectangular radiator, on one side of the rectangular slot 321.

[0061] The dimensions of the second rectangular radiator, the dimensions of the rectangular slot, and the position of the feed point can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0062] According to some other embodiments of this application, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third type of antenna unit, which includes a circular radiator 330 with a preset radius and a rectangular coupler 331 with a preset side length.

[0063] The rectangular coupler 331 has isosceles triangular chamfers at its two diagonal vertices. The circular radiator 330 is located inside the rectangular coupler 331, with a pre-defined gap between them. The feed point is located at the center of the circular radiator 330.

[0064] The size of the circular radiator, the size of the rectangular coupler, the width of the gap, and the position of the feed point can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0065] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 6 The S11 parameter curve of a single antenna element in the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment, operating at CH5 (6.25GHz-6.75GHz), shows that the S11 of this antenna element is less than 10dB within this frequency band. This is sufficient to reflect that the impedance variation of the antenna is within the allowable range in this frequency band, that is, the reflection coefficient at the antenna port is less than the defined value, which is 10dB, in this frequency band. Since the S11 of the antenna element meets the set requirements in the CH5 frequency band, the CH5 frequency band can be referred to as the bandwidth of this antenna element.

[0066] Figure 7 The S11 parameter curves of each antenna element of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when it operates at CH5 (6.25GHz-6.75GHz) show that the curves basically overlap, that is, the bandwidth of each antenna element is consistent.

[0067] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 8 The S11 parameter curve of a single antenna element in the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when operating at CH9 (7.75GHz-8.25GHz) shows that the S11 of the antenna element is less than 10dB in this frequency band. Similarly, the CH9 frequency band can be referred to as the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0068] Figure 9 The S11 parameter curves of each antenna element of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when it operates at CH9 (7.75GHz-8.25GHz) show that the curves basically overlap, that is, the bandwidth of each antenna element is consistent.

[0069] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 10 The S21 parameter curves of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment, where a single antenna element operates at CH5 (6.25GHz-6.75GHz), with that antenna element as the transmitting antenna and the other three antenna elements as receiving antennas.

[0070] Figure 11The patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment operates at CH5 (6.25GHz-6.75GHz), with any one antenna element as the transmitting antenna and the other three antenna elements as the receiving antennas, is shown in the S21 parameter curve diagram.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 12 The S21 parameter curves of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment, in which a single antenna element operates at CH9 (7.75GHz-8.25GHz), with the antenna element as the transmitting antenna and the other three antenna elements as receiving antennas.

[0072] Figure 13 The patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment operates at CH9 (7.75GHz-8.25GHz), with any one antenna element as the transmitting antenna and the other three antenna elements as the receiving antennas, as shown in the S21 parameter curve.

[0073] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 14 The radiation pattern of a single antenna element in the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment, operating at 6.5 GHz, reflects the gain of the antenna element at different radiation angles when operating at this frequency. It is easy to see that the maximum gain of this antenna element at 6.5 GHz is 5.03 dBi. The azimuth corresponding to this maximum gain is the main lobe direction, located at 21.0 degrees to the left. In this radiation pattern, the angular width of the radiation range with a gain greater than 3 dB is 116.6 degrees, and its sidelobe level is -8.6 dB.

[0074] Figure 15 The radiation patterns of each antenna element of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when operating at 6.5 GHz show that the curves basically overlap, that is, the main lobe gain, main lobe direction, angular width and side lobe level of each antenna element are basically the same.

[0075] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 16 This is the radiation pattern of a single antenna element in the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when it operates at 8.0 GHz. It is easy to see that the main lobe gain of this antenna element operating in the CH5 band is 6.28 dBi, and the main lobe is located at an azimuth of 26.0 degrees to the left. In this radiation pattern, the angular width of the radiation range with a gain greater than 3 dB is 87.5 degrees, and its sidelobe level is -12.8 dB.

[0076] Figure 15 The radiation patterns of each antenna element of the patch antenna structure provided in this embodiment when operating at 8.0 GHz show that the curves basically overlap, that is, the main lobe gain, main lobe direction, angular width and side lobe level of each antenna element are basically the same.

[0077] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a wireless carrier communication technology that uses frequency bandwidths of 1 GHz or higher. Instead of using sinusoidal carriers, it transmits data using nanosecond-level non-sinusoidal narrow pulses, thus occupying a very large spectrum. Although it uses wireless communication, its data transmission rate can reach hundreds of megabits per second or higher. UWB technology can transmit signals over a very wide bandwidth; the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stipulates that UWB technology should occupy a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz in the 3.1-10.6 GHz frequency band.

[0078] The simulation diagram of the above embodiment shows the operating frequency band of the patch antenna. It is easy to see that the bandwidth of the patch antenna occupies more than 500MHz in the 3.1-10.6GHz band. Therefore, this patch antenna can be applied to UWB technology.

[0079] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of this application, illustrates the above-mentioned... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Taking the patch antenna structure shown as an example, a UWB antenna is proposed, and its structural schematic diagram is as follows. Figure 18 As shown.

[0080] The UWB antenna includes three or more patch antenna structures 10 as described in the above embodiments; wherein, two adjacent patch antenna structures 10 are connected by a dielectric substrate of the patch antenna structure 10 to form a UWB antenna 1.

[0081] The second surface of the dielectric substrate forms the outer surface of the UWB antenna 1, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate forms the inner surface of the UWB antenna 1.

[0082] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric substrate is a rectangle with a preset size, and two adjacent patch antenna structures 10 are connected by the wide side of the dielectric substrate to form a corresponding tetrahedral structure.

[0083] The second surface of the dielectric substrate is the outer surface of a tetrahedral structure, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate is the inner surface of a tetrahedral structure.

[0084] It should be noted that the structure of this UWB antenna can be adjusted according to the application scenario requirements, namely the application frequency or coverage range, to form a trihedral, tetrahedral, or pentahedral structure.

[0085] For example, in the above embodiment, when each antenna element of the patch antenna structure operates at 6.5 GHz, the angular width of the radiation range with a gain greater than 3 dB is 116.6 degrees. Therefore, to achieve 360-degree coverage without dead zones, the UWB antenna should be tetrahedral.

[0086] UWB technology is primarily used for high-precision positioning. In practical applications, UWB positioning tags continuously transmit data frames using UWB pulses. UWB base stations receive these pulses via UWB antennas and transmit the data to the base station. The base station uses a high-precision short-pulse detector to measure the arrival time of each UWB positioning tag's data frame at the receiving antenna. The positioning engine references the calibration data sent by the UWB positioning tags to determine the time difference between the arrival times of the tags at different base stations and uses triangulation techniques and optimization algorithms to calculate the tag's position. Therefore, to avoid missing UWB pulses, the UWB antenna must ensure 360-degree coverage without blind spots.

[0087] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 19 The radiation pattern of the tetrahedral UWB antenna provided in this embodiment when operating at 6.5 GHz is shown. It is easy to see that the gain of this UWB antenna is greater than 3 dB in any direction, and the consistency of the radiation direction is very good.

[0088] Figure 20 The radiation pattern of the tetrahedral UWB antenna provided in this embodiment when operating at 8.0 GHz is shown. It can also be seen that the gain of this UWB antenna is greater than 3 dB in any direction, but the consistency of its radiation direction is relatively worse than that when operating at 6.5 GHz.

[0089] In practical applications, this UWB antenna can be attached to the ceiling or placed vertically on a table without affecting its performance.

[0090] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of this application, illustrates the above-mentioned... Figure 18 Taking the UWB antenna shown as an example, a multi-layer antenna system is proposed. Based on the aforementioned UWB antenna, its coverage is improved and the number of tracking tags is increased. Its structural schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 21 As shown.

[0091] The multi-layer antenna system includes two or more UWB antennas 1 as described in the above embodiments. Adjacent UWB antennas 1 are stacked along the height direction to form a multi-layer antenna system.

[0092] Specifically, taking a three-layer antenna system as an example, the UWB antenna 1 is stacked along the wide side of its dielectric substrate to form a three-layer antenna system. Whether the long sides of the dielectric substrates are connected is not limited, provided that there are no gaps at the junction of two adjacent UWB antennas. In this embodiment, connecting the long sides of the dielectric substrates is only for illustrative purposes.

[0093] According to other embodiments of this application, in order to improve coverage and increase the number of tracking tags, more UWB antennas can be stacked to form a multi-layer antenna system.

[0094] According to some embodiments of this application, Figure 19 The radiation pattern of the three-layer antenna system provided in this embodiment when operating at 6.5 GHz is shown. It is easy to see that the gain of this three-layer antenna system is greater than 3 dB in any direction, and the consistency of the radiation direction is very good.

[0095] Figure 20 The radiation pattern of the three-layer antenna system provided in this embodiment when operating at 8.0 GHz is shown. It can also be seen that the gain of this three-layer antenna system is greater than 3 dB in any direction, but the consistency of its radiation direction is relatively worse than that when operating at 6.5 GHz.

[0096] It should be noted that any adjustments, replacements, or combinations made to the structure of the UWB antenna and multilayer antenna system described in the specific embodiments of this application based on the design concept and implementation principle disclosed in this application, and according to actual needs, are all within the scope of this application.

[0097] Unlike existing technologies, the present invention features a simple structure, is applicable to various indoor ultra-wideband base station application scenarios, improves the accuracy of ultra-wideband system ranging algorithms, and achieves 360-degree coverage without blind spots. Furthermore, it can enhance coverage and increase the number of tracking tags through a multi-layered structure.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A patch antenna structure, characterized in that, include: Dielectric substrate; The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other; Metal grounding layer; The metal grounding layer is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate and has several grooves formed thereon; The metal grounding layer is rectangular and has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge; The metal grounding layer is provided with the following: A first rectangular groove parallel to and close to the first edge; A second rectangular groove that is parallel to and close to the second edge; A third rectangular groove parallel to and close to the third edge; and A fourth rectangular groove that is parallel to and close to the fourth edge; The first rectangular slot and the third rectangular slot are arranged symmetrically around the center of the metal grounding layer of the rectangle, and the second rectangular slot and the fourth rectangular slot are arranged symmetrically around the center of the metal grounding layer of the rectangle. Antenna element array; the antenna element array consists of four antenna elements located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; In the antenna element array: the distance between the centers of two adjacent antenna elements in the same row is less than a preset distance standard; the antenna elements in two adjacent rows are arranged in a mirror image.

2. The patch antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element includes: A first rectangular radiator; the first rectangular radiator has a preset size; The first rectangular radiator has square chamfers at its two vertices along the diagonal direction to form a perturbation structure.

3. The patch antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element includes: A second rectangular radiator; the second rectangular radiator has a preset size; An empty slot; the empty slot is located within the second rectangular radiator and extends along the diagonal direction of the second rectangular radiator.

4. The patch antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element includes: A rectangular coupling body; the rectangular coupling body has isosceles triangular chamfers at two vertices along its diagonal direction; A circular radiator; the circular radiator is located inside the rectangular coupler and there is a gap of a predetermined width between the circular radiator and the rectangular coupler.

5. The patch antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feed point of the antenna element is located at the center of the circular radiator.

6. The patch antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset distance standard is half the wavelength of the patch antenna.

7. The patch antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit is fed through a metal through-hole.

8. A UWB antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes three or more patch antenna structures as described in any one of claims 1-7; two adjacent patch antenna structures are connected by a dielectric substrate of the patch antenna structures to form the UWB antenna. The second surface of the dielectric substrate forms the outer surface of the UWB antenna, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate forms the inner surface of the UWB antenna.

9. The UWB antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate is a rectangular substrate with a preset size and thickness; Two adjacent patch antenna structures are connected by the wide side of the dielectric substrate to enclose and form a corresponding polyhedral structure; Wherein, the second surface of the dielectric substrate is the outer surface of the polyhedral structure, and the first surface of the dielectric substrate is the inner surface of the polyhedral structure.

10. A multi-layer antenna system, characterized in that, Includes two or more UWB antennas as described in claim 8 or 9; The UWB antennas are stacked along the height direction between two adjacent UWB antennas to form the multi-layer antenna system.

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