Apparatus and method for managing energy dissipation within a sterile barrier of a surgical instrument housing

Abstract

A surgical instrument is disclosed herein. The surgical instrument includes a hand-held device and an adapter assembly. The hand-held device includes a first drive assembly and a power source. The adapter assembly includes an outer housing defining an internal cavity configured to house the hand-held device. The adapter assembly is configured to establish a sterile barrier around the hand-held device. The surgical instrument includes an energy management system configured to extract energy dissipated by the hand-held device from the internal cavity without breaching the sterile barrier. In some aspects, the surgical instrument further includes a plurality of interchangeable end effectors, and the adapter assembly includes a drive interface assembly. The plurality of interchangeable end effectors can include different drive interfaces and operating modes, and the drive interface assembly can connect the first drive assembly of the hand-held device to each of the plurality of interchangeable end effectors.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] This disclosure relates to surgical devices. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a handheld surgical system for performing surgical procedures. Summary of the Invention

[0002] The following overview is provided to facilitate understanding of some of the innovative features specific to the aspects disclosed herein, and is not intended to be a complete description. A full understanding of the aspects can be obtained by considering the entire specification, claims, and abstract as a whole.

[0003] In various aspects, a surgical instrument is disclosed, comprising a handheld device and an adapter assembly. The handheld device includes an inner housing and a power source coupled to a first drive assembly having a first operating mode. The power source and the first drive assembly are disposed within the inner housing. The adapter assembly includes an outer housing defining an inner cavity. The outer housing is configured to enclose the handheld device and includes an energy management system configured to manage energy dissipated by the handheld device and a drive interface assembly including an internal interface and an external interface, wherein the internal interface is configured to be mechanically coupled to the first drive assembly of the handheld device. The surgical instrument also includes an interchangeable end effector comprising a second drive assembly. The second drive assembly has a second operating mode different from the first operating mode of the first drive assembly, and the second drive assembly is configured to be mechanically coupled to the external interface of the drive interface assembly. The internal interface of the drive interface assembly is configured to transmit motion generated by the first drive assembly to the external interface of the drive interface assembly, and the external interface of the drive interface assembly is configured to transmit motion of the internal interface of the drive interface assembly to the second drive assembly of the interchangeable end effector.

[0004] In various aspects, an adapter assembly is disclosed, configured to at least partially enclose a handheld device of a surgical instrument configured for use with a plurality of interchangeable end effectors. The handheld device includes a power source and a drive assembly. The adapter assembly may include an outer housing including an inner cavity configured to enclose the handheld device; a drive interface assembly including an internal interface configured to mechanically engage the drive assembly of the handheld device; and an external interface configured to mechanically engage the drive assemblies of the interchangeable end effectors. The adapter assembly may also include an energy management system configured to manage energy dissipated by the handheld device during use of the surgical instrument.

[0005] In various aspects, a surgical instrument is disclosed, comprising a handheld device and an adapter assembly. The handheld device includes a first drive assembly and a power source. The adapter assembly includes an inner cavity configured to accommodate the handheld device, wherein the adapter assembly is configured to establish a sterile barrier around the handheld device; and an energy management system configured to extract energy dissipated by the handheld device from the inner cavity without compromising the sterile barrier.

[0006] These and other objects, features, and characteristics of the invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related structural elements, and the economic efficiency of the combination and manufacture of the components, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form part of this specification, wherein similar reference numerals denote corresponding portions in the various figures. However, it should be clearly understood that the drawings are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be a definition of limitation of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0007] The features of each aspect are specifically described in the appended claims. However, the aspects (related to surgical tissues and methods) and their further purposes and advantages can be best understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 A perspective view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument including an adapter assembly configured to form a sterile barrier around a handheld surgical device and an energy management component.

[0009] Figure 2 It shows that it is constructed to be encapsulated in Figure 1 A cross-sectional perspective view of the handheld component within the adapter assembly of a surgical instrument.

[0010] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the adapter assembly and handheld device of the surgical instruments.

[0011] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the adapter assembly and handheld device of the surgical instruments.

[0012] Figure 5 A perspective assembly view of an adapter assembly according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the adapter assembly including an energy management component.

[0013] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 The perspective rear view of the adapter component.

[0014] Figure 7A and Figure 7B It shows that it is installed to Figure 5 and Figure 6 A cross-sectional front view of the handheld surgical device in the adapter assembly.

[0015] Figure 8 A cross-sectional side view of an adapter assembly according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the adapter assembly including an energy management component.

[0016] Figure 9 A cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument including an energy management component.

[0017] Figure 10A and Figure 10B It shows Figure 9 A cross-sectional top view of surgical instruments; Figure 11A and Figure 11B It shows Figure 9 A top view of the energy management component of the adapter assembly.

[0018] Figure 12 It shows the depiction by Figure 9 A diagram illustrating the variable-rate energy management achieved by surgical instruments.

[0019] Figure 13 A cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument comprising a handheld surgical device and an adapter assembly including an energy management component.

[0020] Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 Side view of the energy management component of a surgical instrument.

[0021] Figure 15 A cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument comprising a handheld surgical device and an adapter assembly having an energy management component.

[0022] Figure 16 A cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument comprising a handheld surgical device and an adapter assembly including an energy management system.

[0023] Figure 17 It shows Figure 16 A cross-sectional side view of the energy management system for the handheld device and adapter assembly.

[0024] Figure 18 It shows Figure 17 A cross-sectional side view of the energy management component of the energy management system.

[0025] Figure 19 It shows Figure 16 A side view of another energy management component of the energy management system.

[0026] Figure 20 A cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device and a distal portion of an adapter assembly having an energy management component.

[0027] Figure 21 It shows Figure 20 A cross-sectional perspective view of the energy management component of the adapter assembly.

[0028] Figure 22 It shows Figure 20 A perspective view of another energy management component of the adapter assembly.

[0029] Figure 23 A cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument comprising a handheld surgical device and an adapter assembly including an energy management system.

[0030] Figure 24 It shows Figure 23 A cross-sectional perspective view of the energy management component of a surgical instrument.

[0031] Figure 25 A cross-sectional perspective view of another energy management component of the energy management system of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 26 A cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the surgical instrument including an energy management system.

[0033] Figure 27 The illustration depicts Figure 26 A diagram of the energy response of the energy management system.

[0034] Figure 28 A cross-sectional perspective view of an adapter assembly of a surgical instrument including an energy management component, according to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, is shown.

[0035] Figure 29A and Figure 29B It shows Figure 28 A cross-sectional view of the energy management component of the adapter assembly.

[0036] Figures 30A to 30CVarious views of an energy management system according to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure and diagrams depicting the energy response of the energy management system are shown together.

[0037] Figure 31 A perspective view of an energy management system for a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 32 A cross-sectional perspective view of the energy management system of a surgical instrument according to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 33 It shows Figure 32 Front cross-sectional view of the energy management system.

[0040] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of a control circuit according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure is shown, the control circuit being configured to manage the energy dissipated by surgical instruments.

[0041] In several views, corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts. The examples described herein illustrate certain embodiments of the invention in one form, and such examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The applicant of this application also owns the following U.S. patent applications filed on the same date as this application, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: - A U.S. patent application entitled "METHOD FOR TISSUE TREATMENT BY SURGICAL INSTRUMENT"; Agent's file number END9291USNP1 / 200802-1M; - U.S. patent application entitled "SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH INTERACTIVE FEATURES TO REMEDY INCIDENTAL SLED MOVEMENTS"; Agent's file END9291USNP2 / 200802-2; - U.S. patent application entitled "SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SLED LOCATION DETECTION AND ADJUSTMENT FEATURES"; Agent's file END9291USNP3 / 200802-3; - U.S. patent application entitled "SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH CARTRIDGE RELEASE MECHANISMS"; Agent's file END9291USNP4 / 200802-4; - U.S. patent application entitled "DUAL-SIDED REINFORCED RELOAD FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS"; Agent's file END9291USNP5 / 200802-5; - U.S. patent application entitled "SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH DETACHABLE SHAFT RELOAD DETECTION"; Agent's file END9291USNP6 / 200802-6; - U.S. patent application entitled "SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS FOR POWERTRANSMISSION ACROSS STERILE BARRIER"; Agent's file END9291USNP7 / 200802-7; - U.S. patent application entitled "POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH EXTERNAL CONNECTORS"; Agent's file END9291USNP9 / 200802-9; - U.S. patent application entitled "POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SMART RELOAD WITH SEPARATELY ATTACHABLE EXTERIORLY MOUNTED WIRING CONNECTIONS"; Agent's file END9291USNP10 / 200802-10; - U.S. patent application entitled "POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH COMMUNICATION INTERFACESTHROUGH STERILE BARRIER"; Agent's File No. END9291USNP11 / 200802-11; and - U.S. patent application entitled “POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTI-PHASE TISSUETREATMENT”; Agent’s file END9291USNP12 / 200802-12.

[0043] The applicant of this patent application owns the following U.S. patent applications filed on December 4, 2018, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,385 entitled “METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, STORAGE ANDDISPLAY”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,395 entitled “METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,403 entitled “METHOD OF CLOUD BASED DATA ANALYTICS FOR USE WITH THE HUB”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,407 entitled “METHOD OF ROBOTIC HUB COMMUNICATION, DETECTION, AND CONTROL”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,416 entitled “METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, DISPLAY, AND CLOUDANALYTICS”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,423 entitled “METHOD OF COMPRESSING TISSUE WITHIN A STAPLING DEVICE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY DISPLAYING THE LOCATION OF THE TISSUE WITHIN THE JAWS”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,427 entitled “METHOD OF USING REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLESENSORS TO OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,433 entitled “METHOD OF SENSING PARTICULATE FROM SMOKE EVACUATED FROM APATIENT, ADJUSTING THE PUMP SPEED BASED ON THE SENSED INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATING THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM TO THE HUB”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,447 entitled “METHOD FOR SMOKE EVACUATION FOR SURGICAL HUB”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,453 entitled “METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SMART ENERGY DEVICES”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,458 entitled “METHOD FOR SMART ENERGY DEVICE INFRASTRUCTURE”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,465 entitled “METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SURGICAL NETWORKCONTROL AND INTERACTION”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,478 entitled “METHOD FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR SURGICAL NETWORK ORSURGICAL NETWORK CONNECTED DEVICE CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FUNCTION BASED ON ASENSED SITUATION OR USAGE”; • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,490 entitled “METHOD FOR FACILITY DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION”; and • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 209,491 entitled “METHOD FOR CIRCULAR STAPLER CONTROL ALGORITHM ADJUSTMENTBASED ON SITUATIONAL AWARENESS”.

[0044] Before detailing the various aspects of the surgical apparatus and generator, it should be noted that the application or use of the exemplary examples is not limited to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components shown in the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. The exemplary examples may be implemented or incorporated in other aspects, variations, and modifications, and may be practiced or performed in various ways. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the terminology and expressions used herein are chosen for the convenience of the reader in describing the exemplary examples and are not intended to be limiting. Moreover, it should be understood that one or more aspects, expressions, and / or examples described below may be combined with any one or more other aspects, expressions, and / or examples described below.

[0045] This document sets forth numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments described in the specification and illustrated in the figures. Well-known operations, components, and elements are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments described in the specification. The reader will understand that the embodiments described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus will recognize that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are representative and illustrative. Variations and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0046] According to some non-limiting aspects of this disclosure, surgical instruments may include a handle assembly configured to accommodate a variety of interchangeable tools, such as end effectors and / or single-use loading units (SLUs). Therefore, the surgical instruments disclosed herein offer increased versatility and thus provide value to practicing clinicians. However, not all surgical instruments and end effectors are configured to operate in the same manner. For example, according to one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, surgical instruments may employ a power-driven rotary transmission, and interchangeable tools (e.g., end effectors) may be configured for linear actuation. Surgical instruments configured to employ a power-driven rotary transmission would therefore be incompatible with linearly driven end effectors, and thus the versatility and value of the surgical instrument would be reduced.

[0047] Certain surgical instruments are known to address the aforementioned incompatibilities, such as the surgical instrument described in U.S. Patent No. 10,603,128, entitled “HANDHELD ELECTROMECHANICAL SURGICAL SYSTEM,” issued March 31, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This surgical instrument utilizes a specially constructed housing comprising one or more interface components configured to selectively transmit rotational force from the instrument's motor to an adapter connected to an end effector. While the housing houses these components, it must inherently enclose the surgical instrument to enable efficient interfacing with any interchangeable tool, thereby facilitating enhanced versatility of the surgical instrument. The housing becomes increasingly important due to the sterilization requirements of the operating room in which the surgical instrument is typically used.

[0048] It goes without saying that rigorous sterilization of the operating room and surgical equipment is required during any surgical procedure. The stringent hygiene and sterilization conditions required in the operating room necessitate that all medical devices and equipment be as sterile as possible. Part of this sterilization process involves sterilizing any material that comes into contact with the patient or penetrates the sterile field, such as surgical instruments, including the end effectors, adapter assemblies, and necessary components of the surgical instruments. In addition to the adapter assemblies being configured to transmit rotational force from the motor of the surgical instrument to the connected end effector, the housing of such adapter assemblies may also be configured to prevent contaminants from adversely affecting the sterile barrier.

[0049] However, handheld devices enclosed in an outer housing typically include a power supply, motor assembly, and / or control components, as well as other electromechanical components. Each of these sub-components can generate energy (e.g., thermal, vibrational, acoustic energy) that can adversely affect the environment in which the surgical instrument is intended to operate. When a handheld surgical device is enclosed in an outer housing, these environments are contained within it, especially since the outer housing is typically configured to create a sterile barrier between the operating room and the handheld surgical device. Therefore, while enclosing a handheld surgical device enhances versatility and sterility, it can also lead to instrument failure, reduced lifespan, and / or hazardous operating conditions. Therefore, the surgical instruments disclosed herein are specifically configured to accommodate adapters for a variety of interchangeable tools while responsibly managing the environmental conditions in which the surgical instrument is intended to operate. Consequently, the disclosed surgical instruments are versatile and more durable and reliable than existing surgical instruments.

[0050] See now Figure 1According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a perspective view of a surgical instrument 6000 including an adapter assembly 6001 is depicted, the adapter assembly being configured to form a sterile barrier around a handheld surgical instrument having energy management components 6010, 6012, 6014. Figure 1 In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6001 may include a proximal portion 6002 and a distal portion 6004 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6007. Commonly, the proximal portion 6002 and the distal portion 6004 may form a housing or enclosure defining an inner cavity configured to enclose a handheld device that can generate energy during use of a surgical instrument. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6001 is configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6007 is opened and the sterile barrier is compromised, such as... Figure 8 As shown, in the closed configuration, hinge 6206 closes and establishes a sterile barrier. The proximal portion 6202 may include a handle portion 6203 configured for ergonomic operation of surgical instruments when the handheld device is mounted within the adapter assembly 6200. (As shown in...) Figure 8 As can also be seen, the proximal portion 6202 and the distal portion 6204 of the adapter assembly 6200 may each include energy management components 6210 and 6212, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device is installed in the cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200.

[0051] See still Figure 1The adapter assembly 6001 of the surgical instrument 6000 can be configured to accommodate multiple interchangeable shaft assemblies 6006 and end effectors 6008. In other words, the surgical instrument 6000 is configured to selectively attach to multiple different end effectors 6008, each configured to be actuated and manipulated by the electrically operated handheld electromechanical surgical instrument 6000. Thus, the adapter assembly 6001 may include a drive assembly configured to engage with a drive assembly of a handheld device enclosed within the lumen of the adapter assembly 6001. Similarly, the adapter assembly 6001 may include an external button 6009 configured to engage with a button of a handheld device enclosed within the external button, while maintaining a sterile barrier. Additionally, the drive assembly may be mechanically configured to transmit forces generated by the drive assembly of the handheld assembly to the drive assemblies of the interchangeable shafts and / or end effectors. The drive assembly of the handheld device may include one or more motors that generate energy (e.g., thermal, vibrational, and acoustic energy) when the surgical instrument 6000 is in use. However, because the adapter assembly 6001 is also configured to establish a sterile barrier around the handheld device, dissipated energy may be trapped. Therefore, energy management components 6010, 6012, and 6014 can help to effectively manage and dissipate the energy dissipated by the handheld device.

[0052] See now Figure 2 According to at least one aspect of this disclosure, a device configured to be encapsulated in Figure 1 A cross-sectional perspective view of the handheld device 6016 within the adapter assembly 6001 of the surgical instrument 6000. Figure 2 In a non-limiting aspect, the handheld device may also include energy management components 6018, 6019, 6020, 6022, and 6024. Additionally, in Figure 2 In this configuration, multiple interface components 6026 of the drive assembly of the handheld device 6016 can be arranged on the forward surface of the handheld device 6016. The interface components 6026 can mechanically engage the adapter assembly 6001 (…). Figure 1 The corresponding interface component allows the activation of the drive assembly of the handheld device 6016 to transmit force to the interchangeable shaft assembly 6006. Figure 1 ) and end effector 6008 ( Figure 1 It should be understood that, by using the adapter assembly 6001 and multiple interface components 6026, the handheld device 6016 can be reused in multiple ways. Additionally, the handheld device 6016 may include multiple function buttons 6028, which can be configured to engage the adapter assembly 6001 (…). Figure 1 External button 6009 ( Figure 1 This allows users to activate them without compromising the sterile barrier.

[0053] Now for reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 According to at least one aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 1 A perspective view of the adapter assembly 6001 and handheld device 6016 of the surgical instrument 6000. Figure 3 In a non-limiting aspect, the relative dimensions of the handheld device 6016 can be specifically configured such that it can be enclosed within the cavity of the adapter assembly 6001. It should be understood that when the handheld device 6016 is correctly mounted within the cavity of the adapter assembly 6001, the geometrical energy management components 6012, 6038, 6040, 6042 of the adapter assembly 6001 can mechanically engage with the corresponding energy management components 6018, 6019, 6022, 6024 of the handheld device 6016. Therefore, the energy dissipated by the handheld device 6016 can be effectively managed through the mechanical engagement of the energy management components 6012, 6038, 6040, 6042 of the adapter assembly 6001 and the corresponding energy management components 6018, 6019, 6022, 6024 of the handheld device 6016. Figure 3 In a non-limiting aspect, the hinge 6007 of the adapter assembly 6001 can be positioned in a closed configuration to establish a sterile barrier between the surrounding environment of the operating room in which it is used and the interior of the handheld device 6016 constructed to enclose it.

[0054] according to Figure 4 In a non-limiting aspect, the hinge 6007 of the adapter assembly 6001 can be positioned in an open configuration, thereby exposing the inner cavity 6011 so that the handheld device 6016 can be properly installed. Additional features, such as hook locks, may be included for corresponding male parts 6034 and female parts 6036 to enhance the sterile barrier, thereby preventing the adapter assembly 6001 from being unintentionally opened and exposed to a non-sterile environment. Again, it is apparent how the energy management components 6012, 6038, 6040, 6042 (Figure B3) of the adapter assembly 6001 can be configured to engage the corresponding energy management components 6018, 6019 of the handheld device 6016 when properly installed. Figure 2 ), 6022 Figure 2 ), 6024 Figure 2 The energy management system and components will be discussed in further detail. However, it should be understood that... Figures 1 to 4 The non-limiting aspects are presented merely for illustrative purposes. Therefore, other non-limiting aspects contemplated in this disclosure include any combination of any number of the following energy management components and systems to achieve desired energy management during the use of surgical instruments.

[0055] See now Figure 5According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 5 A perspective front view of the adapter component 6100. According to... Figure 5 In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6100 may include a proximal portion 6102 and a distal portion 6104 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6106. Commonly, the proximal portion 6102 and the distal portion 6104 may form a housing or enclosure configured to enclose a handheld device including one or more motors 6112. The proximal portion 6102 may include a handle portion 6103 configured for ergonomic operation of surgical instruments when the handheld device is mounted within the adapter assembly 6100. Figure 5 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6102 and the distal portion 6104 of the adapter assembly 6100 may each include energy management components 6108 and 6114, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device is installed in the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100.

[0056] See further Figure 5 The proximal portion 6102 of the adapter assembly 6100 may be dimensionally configured to accommodate one or more motors 6112 of the handheld device. As previously discussed, the adapter assembly 6100 may be configured as a sterile barrier that protects the handheld device from the non-sterile environment of the operating room. Therefore, Figure 5 The adapter assembly 6100 can be structurally sealed to prevent contaminants from the operating environment from entering the inner cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100, and thus prevent the reuse of the handheld device stored therein. However, when the surgical instruments are in use, one or more motors 6112 of the handheld device can generate energy (e.g., heat, vibration, acoustic energy). Because Figure 5 The adapter assembly 6100 can be structurally sealed, so it not only prevents contaminants from entering the inner cavity 6109, but also prevents energy generated during use (e.g., thermal energy, vibrational energy, acoustic energy) from escaping from the inner cavity 6109. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6100 may include several energy management components 6108, 6114 to facilitate the release of energy (e.g., thermal energy, vibrational energy, acoustic energy) from the inner cavity 6109.

[0057] See still Figure 5The adapter assembly 6100 may include a first heat sink 6108 located on the distal portion 6104. The first heat sink 6108 may be configured to remove heat dissipated by one or more motors 6112 from the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100. The first heat sink 6108 may be configured to mechanically contact a thermally conductive channel 6114, which includes a surface area within the cavity 6109. For example, the first heat sink 6108 may be configured to mechanically engage the thermally conductive channel 6114 when the distal portion 6104 engages the proximal portion 6102 of the adapter assembly 6100, thereby forming a sterile barrier. However, because the first heat sink 6108 remains in thermal communication with the cavity 6109 via the thermally conductive channel 6114, the first heat sink 6108 can still remove dissipated heat energy dissipated within the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100. Therefore, even if contaminants cannot enter the inner cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100, heat energy can escape from the inner cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100. Figure 5 In a non-limiting aspect, the heat conduction channel 6114 may include an external heat sink that supplements the heat transfer capacity of the first heat sink 6108.

[0058] In some non-restrictive aspects, Figure 5 The adapter assembly 6100 may include a heat-conducting channel 6114, which may be positioned to mechanically contact the motor 6112 itself, thereby improving the heat conduction path from the energy source and enhancing the efficiency of the heat-conducting channel 6114. According to these aspects, the heat-conducting channel 6114 can eliminate the radiative mode of heat transfer and provide a more efficient conductive path to the first heat sink 6108. Alternatively and / or additionally, the heat-conducting channel 6114 may be positioned to mechanically contact a surface area of ​​a specific configuration within the cavity 6109. For example, a portion of the inner wall of the cavity 6109 may be configured as part of the heat-conducting channel 6114. Since the efficiency of the heat-conducting channel 6114 can increase with the increase in surface area, this enhances the removal of heat energy from the cavity 6109. Therefore, due to the increase in surface area, the radiative mode of heat transfer can be inherently more efficient. Although Figure 5 Non-limiting aspects include the first radiator 6108 and the second radiator 6110 ( Figure 1 However, it should be understood that this disclosure contemplates other non-limiting aspects in which any number of radiators, channels and partitions are used to establish a similar path through which the generated heat energy can escape from the cavity 6109.

[0059] See now Figure 6 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 5 A perspective front view of the rear of the adapter component 6100. According to... Figure 6In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6100 may also include a second heat sink 6110 coupled to the proximal portion 6102 adjacent to one or more motors 6112. The second heat sink 6110 may also be coupled to a heat conduction channel, thereby enabling it to remove heat generated by the one or more motors 6112 from the inner cavity 6109 without compromising the sterile barrier formed by the adapter assembly 6100. In other non-limiting aspects, the second heat sink 6110 may be directly coupled to one or more motors 6112, which provides a more efficient conduction path to the second heat sink 6110. Although Figure 5 and Figure 6 The non-limiting aspect depicts a passive first heat sink 6108 and a second heat sink 6110 comprising a plurality of integrally formed fins; however, other non-limiting aspects are contemplated in this disclosure, wherein any number of heat sink configurations may be implemented to enhance energy management within the adapter assembly 6100. For example, the adapter assembly 6100 may include an active heat sink, a stamped heat sink, a bonded heat sink, etc.

[0060] See now Figure 7A and Figure 7B According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, an installation is described. Figure 5 and Figure 6 A cross-sectional front view of the handheld surgical device in the adapter assembly. According to Figure 7A The non-restrictive aspects are shown in more detail. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The adapter assembly 6100. Specifically, a thermally conductive channel 6114 is clearly depicted as defining a thermal path from the inner cavity 6109 to the outside of the adapter assembly 6100. Thus, the thermally conductive channel 6114 enables the adapter assembly 6100 to maintain a sterile barrier, thereby protecting the contents of its inner cavity 6109 from external contamination. Figure 7A A handheld device 6116 comprising three motors 6112 is also depicted, although other non-limiting aspects include a handheld device 6116 having any number of motors. Two conductive contacts 6118 are also depicted as being configured to mechanically contact each of the three motors 6112. The conductive contacts 6118 are also configured to mechanically contact the heat-conducting channel 6114 when the handheld device 6116 is properly mounted within the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100.

[0061] according to Figure 7BIn a non-limiting aspect, the handheld device 6116 has been properly mounted within the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100. The conductive contact 6118 of the handheld device 6116 can mechanically contact the heat conduction channel 6114, thereby establishing a direct conduction path from the motor 6112 to the exterior of the adapter assembly 6100. When the surgical instrument is in use and the motor 6112 is generating heat, the generated heat can travel through the conductive contact 6118 into the heat conduction channel 6114 and into the fins of the external heat sink, where it can be safely convected away from the surgical instrument and into the operating room. Therefore, the generated heat will not remain within the cavity 6109 of the adapter assembly 6100, and the risk of overheating of the surgical instrument will be reduced, and thus the damage and / or danger associated with overheating will also be decreased.

[0062] See now Figure 8 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of an adapter assembly 6200 including energy management components 6210, 6212 is depicted. Figure 8 In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6200 may include a proximal portion 6202 and a distal portion 6204 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6206. Commonly, the proximal portion 6202 and the distal portion 6204 may form a housing or enclosure defining an inner cavity 6209 configured to enclose a handheld device that generates energy during use of a surgical instrument. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6200 is configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6206 is open and a sterile barrier is compromised, and in a closed configuration, the hinge 6206 is closed and a sterile barrier is established. The proximal portion 6202 may include a handle portion 6203 configured for ergonomic operation of the surgical instrument when the handheld device is mounted within the adapter assembly 6200. Figure 8 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6202 and the distal portion 6204 of the adapter assembly 6200 may each include energy management components 6210 and 6212, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device is installed in the cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200.

[0063] See still Figure 8The adapter assembly 6200 may include a pivot contact 6210 located on a proximal portion 6202. The pivot contact 6210 may be configured to mechanically contact a thermally conductive surface region 6212 disposed on a distal portion 6204 of the adapter assembly 6200 when the flip-top outer housing is closed. Therefore, when the flip-top outer housing is closed, the pivot contact 6210 and the thermally conductive surface region 6212 can establish a thermal path, which is configured to remove heat generated from the interior cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200. The pivot contact 6210 is pivotally coupled to the proximal portion 6202 of the adapter assembly 6200 and is therefore configured to optimize mechanical contact with the thermally conductive surface region 6212. For example, the degree of contact established between the pivot contact 6210 and the thermally conductive surface region 6212 can be used to improve the thermal path. As previously discussed, when the adapter assembly 6200 transitions from an open configuration to a closed configuration, the hinge 6206 facilitates movement between the proximal portion 6202 and the distal portion 6204. The pivot contact 6210 is pivotally coupled to the proximal portion 6202, allowing the adapter assembly 6200 to accommodate mechanical disturbances and misalignments when in the closed configuration. Therefore, when the adapter assembly 6200 is closed and a sterile barrier is established, the pivot contact 6210 ensures proper mechanical contact with the thermally conductive surface region 6212. Because the pivot contact 6210 maintains thermal communication with the thermally conductive surface region 6212, a thermal path is established through which heat energy can be removed from the cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200. Thus, even if contaminants cannot enter the cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200, heat energy can escape from the cavity 6209 of the adapter assembly 6200 via the pivot contact of 6210.

[0064] according to Figure 8 In a non-limiting aspect, the thermally conductive surface region 6212 facilitates the convection of heat energy from the inner cavity 6209 into the operating room environment. Therefore, heat energy can be convectioned out of the inner cavity 6209 and away from the adapter assembly 6200. Although Figure 8 The non-limiting aspect depicts a pivot contact 6210 having a flat surface area; however, it should be understood that, in other non-limiting aspects, the thermally conductive surface area 6212 may include any number of additional geometric elements configured to enhance the amount of heat flowing out of and leaving the adapter assembly 6200. For example, according to some non-limiting aspects, the thermally conductive surface area 6212 may also include a heat sink. Additionally and / or alternatively, the adapter assembly 6200 may include additional heat dissipation channels, baffles, etc., to supplement the removal of heat from the cavity 6209.

[0065] See now Figure 9According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument 6300 including energy management components 6308 and 6310 is depicted. Figure 9 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 6300 may include an adapter assembly 6302 configured to enclose a handheld device 6304. The handheld device 6304 may include a motor 6306 that generates energy during operation. For example, the motor 6306 may generate heat that can heat the interior of the adapter assembly 6302. Therefore, the surgical instrument 6300 may also include a control circuit 6309 coupled to energy management components 6308, 6310, which is configured to manage the heat generated by the motor 6306.

[0066] See further Figure 9 The surgical device 6300 may include a temperature sensor 6308 and a piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310, the temperature sensor being configured to generate a signal correlated with the temperature of the handheld device 6304. As previously discussed, temperature detection is part of preventative reliability. For example, surgical instruments may be at risk of overheating because the handheld device 6304, particularly the motor 6306, is enclosed within a sterile barrier established by the adapter assembly 6302. Although this risk may be caused by specific external factors, such as harsh operating environments, Figure 9 The non-limiting aspects are configured to monitor the self-heating of electronics within the adapter assembly 6302. By detecting when overheating occurs, the surgical instrument 6300 or the operating clinician can take preventative measures. Therefore, the temperature sensor 6308 can be specifically configured to function within the expected operating temperature range of the surgical instrument, including conservative safety considerations.

[0067] See still Figure 9 Temperature sensor 6308 (e.g., thermocouple, thermistor, resistance temperature detector, semiconductor-based sensor) can generate a signal associated with the temperature of handheld device 6304. The surgical instrument may also include control circuitry 6309 coupled to temperature sensor 6308 and configured to receive signals and determine the temperature of handheld device 6304 based at least in part on the signals generated by temperature sensor 6308. Control circuitry 6309 may also be coupled to power source 6311 and piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310. According to some non-limiting aspects, control circuitry 6309 may be located within the surgical instrument 6300 itself. Alternatively, control circuitry 6309 may be located within adapter assembly 6302 or within the hub to which surgical instrument 6300 is attached. Regardless of the specific configuration, it should be understood that temperature sensor 6308 may work together with control circuitry 6309 to monitor motor 6306, handheld device 6304, adapter assembly 6302, or... Figure 9Temperature in any other aspect of the surgical instrument 6300 depicted in the text.

[0068] Figure 9 The surgical instrument 6300 also includes a piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 coupled to a control circuit 6309, wherein the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is configured to alter the temperature within the handheld device 6304. For example, if the control circuit 6309 receives a signal from a temperature sensor 6308 and determines that the temperature within the handheld device 6304 has exceeded a predetermined threshold, the control circuit can direct power from a power source 6311 to the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310, which is configured to reduce the temperature within the handheld device 6304 when powered on. Alternatively, the control circuit 6309 may be configured to automatically activate the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 whenever the motor 6306 is started, and to reduce the operating mode of the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 when the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. Although Figure 9 The non-limiting aspect depicted in this disclosure is the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310, but other non-limiting aspects are contemplated, in which the surgical instrument utilizes any number of components (e.g., electric fan, cooling plate, heat pipe, synthetic jet air component, electrostatic fluid accelerator) configured to alter the temperature within the adapter assembly 6302. Regardless of the specific combination or method of operation, it should be understood that the combination of temperature sensor 6308, control circuitry 6309, power source 6311, and piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 can be implemented to manage energy within the adapter assembly 6302, since this energy is generated by the motor 6306 of the handheld device 6304.

[0069] See now Figure 10A and Figure 10B According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 9 A top-view cross-section of the surgical instrument 6300. According to... Figure 10A and Figure 10B In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6302 of the surgical device 6300 may include two piezoelectric oscillating fans 6310, which are specifically oriented to insert into two corresponding electrical contacts 6312 of the handheld device 6304. When the handheld device 6304 is mounted in the adapter assembly 6302, as... Figure 10B As depicted, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is received by the electrical contact 6312 of the handheld device 6304, as... Figure 10B As depicted. Therefore, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is positioned to make electrical contact with the power source 6311 and / or the control circuit 6309, as... Figure 9As depicted. When the handheld device 6304 is mounted in the adapter assembly 6302, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is further positioned within the internal housing of the handheld device 6304, and thus can cool the motor 6306, and generally cool the entire interior of the handheld device 6304. Thus, Figure 10B The piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 can be activated from the temperature sensor 6308 ( Figure 9 It receives signals and then changes the operating temperature of the handheld device 6304 and its components.

[0070] See now Figure 11A and Figure 11B According to at least one aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 9 and Figure 10A and Figure 10B A top view of the energy management component 6310 of the adapter assembly 6302. According to... Figure 11A and Figure 11B In a non-limiting aspect, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 may include an electrical contact 6314 corresponding to the electrical contact 6312 of the handheld device 6304. Figure 11A In a non-restrictive aspect, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is disabled. In other words, the electrical contacts 6314 of the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 cannot access the power source 6311. Figure 9 ).like Figure 10A As shown, power source 6311 ( Figure 9 The device is either switched off, or the handheld device 6304 is not properly installed within the adapter assembly 6302. However, in Figure 11B In a non-limiting aspect, the electrical contact 6314 is energized and the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is oscillating, thus cooling the handheld device 6304 and its internal components (e.g., Figure 9 The motor 6306, power source 6311, temperature sensor 6308 and / or control circuit 6309 are depicted in the figure. Figure 11B The configuration provides Figure 10B An example of a piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 is shown.

[0071] See now Figure 12 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a depiction of... Figure 9-11B A diagram illustrating the variable-rate energy management achieved by the 6300 surgical instrument. According to... Figure 9 In a non-limiting aspect, the piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 ( Figures 9 to 11B It can be configured to be able to respond to temperature sensor 6308 ( Figure 9 The temperature detected by the temperature sensor 6308 oscillates at a variable rate. For example, when the temperature sensor 6308 ( Figure 9 Handheld device 6304 was detected. Figure 9and Figure 10A and Figure 10B The operating temperature has exceeded the first temperature threshold T. 热 At that time, control circuit 6309 ( Figure 9 This can activate the first piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310. However, if the temperature does not decrease but continues to exceed the second temperature threshold T, max Then the control circuit 6309 ( Figure 9 This can activate the second piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310. According to... Figure 12 In a non-limiting aspect, activation of the second piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 begins to reduce the operating temperature of the handheld device 6304. Figure 9 and Figure 10A and Figure 10B ).therefore, Figure 12 The diagram shows the indications of activation of each piezoelectric oscillating fan 6310 and the handheld device 6304 ( Figure 9 and 10A and Figure 10B The operating temperature of ) is from T 热 To T max And the step function of the subsequent steady increase and decrease in the related phases. Based on the sensed handheld device 6304 ( Figure 9 and Figure 10A and Figure 10B The preservation of operating temperature resources allows for more efficient surgical instruments, which save power and thus provide extended lifespan, while retaining the necessary components. Figures 9 to 11B The benefits of energy management discussed.

[0072] See now Figure 13 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device 6404 and an adapter assembly 6400, the adapter assembly including energy management components 6408, 6410, 6414. Figure 13In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6400 may include a proximal portion 6402 and a distal portion 6403 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6406. Commonly, the proximal portion 6402 and the distal portion 6403 may form a housing or enclosure defining a cavity 6409 configured to enclose a handheld device 6404 having a motor 6412 that generates energy during use of the surgical instrument. Thus, the adapter assembly 6400 may be configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6206 is open and the sterile barrier is compromised, and in the closed configuration, the hinge 6406 is closed and a sterile barrier is established. Commonly, the proximal portion 6402 and the distal portion 6403 may define a handle portion configured for ergonomic operation of the surgical instrument when the handheld device 6404 is mounted within the adapter assembly 6400. Figure 13 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6402 and the distal portion 6403 of the adapter assembly 6400 may each include energy management components 6408, 6410, and 6414, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the motor 6412 when the handheld device 6404 is installed in the cavity 6409 of the adapter assembly 6400.

[0073] See still Figure 13 The adapter assembly 6400 may include a heat sink assembly comprising an external heat sink 6408 and an internal heat sink 6410 positioned within a cavity 6409 of the adapter assembly 6400. According to Figure 13 In a non-limiting aspect, an external heat sink 6408 is positioned on the outer surface of the distal portion 6403 of the adapter assembly 6400 and configured to allow heat generated by the motor 6412 to convect away from the adapter assembly 6400. In some non-limiting aspects, the external heat sink may include a plurality of fins configured to expand the surface area from which heat can convect. An internal heat sink 6410 may be positioned within the proximal portion 6402 of the adapter assembly 6400 and configured to mechanically contact the motor 6412 of the handheld device 6404, thereby forming a conductive heat path for heat to be guided out of and away from the motor 6412. A second internal heat sink 6414 may be positioned within the distal portion 6403 of the adapter assembly 6400 and configured to mechanically contact the external heat sink 6408 while maintaining a sterile barrier formed by the adapter assembly 6400. Figure 13In a non-limiting aspect, the external heat sink 6408 may include an internal portion 6414 configured to pass through the inner cavity 6409 of the adapter assembly 6400 when the adapter assembly 6400 is in its closed configuration, while maintaining a sterile barrier. The internal portion 6414 of the external heat sink 6408 may also be configured to mechanically contact a compressible conductive material 6416. The compressible conductive material 6416 may be configured to allow the internal portion 6414 of the internal heat sink 6410 and the external heat sink 6408 to intersect when the hinge 6406 is closed, thereby extending a heat conduction path from the motor 6412 to the external heat sink 6408, where the heat conduction path can exit from the surgical instrument. Therefore, when the hinge 6406 is closed and a clinician is using a surgical instrument, the heat sink assembly can transfer heat generated by the motor 6412 away from the inner cavity 6409.

[0074] See now Figure 14 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 13 6416 is a compressible conductive material. According to... Figure 14 In a non-limiting aspect, the compressible conductive material 6416 can be configured to be compressible, thereby establishing an interference fit between the internal heat sink 6410 and the internal portion 6414 of the external heat sink 6408. According to... Figure 13 In a non-limiting aspect, the compressible conductive material 6416 can improve the conductivity between the internal heat sink 6410 and the internal portion 6414 of the external heat sink 6408. For example, the compressible conductive material 6416 may include a metal mesh (e.g., a scrubbing material, sponge, or molding material) or a thermally conductive elastomer. Figure 14 The compressible conductive material 6416 can be configured to be compressed around the defect, thereby filling the discontinuities in the common heat conduction path established by the internal portion 6414 of the internal heat sink 6410 and the external heat sink 6408. Therefore, the compressible conductive material 6416 can take into account both thermal and dimensional tolerances.

[0075] See now Figure 15 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device 6504 and an adapter assembly 6500, the adapter assembly including energy management components 6508, 6510, 6514, 6516. Figure 15In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6500 may include a proximal portion 6502 and a distal portion 6503 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6506. Commonly, the proximal portion 6502 and the distal portion 6503 may form a housing or enclosure defining an inner cavity 6509 configured to enclose a handheld device 6504 that generates energy during use of a surgical instrument. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6500 is configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6206 is open and a sterile barrier is compromised, and in the closed configuration, the hinge 6506 is closed and a sterile barrier is established. Commonly, the proximal portion 6502 and the distal portion 6503 may define a handle portion configured for ergonomic operation of the surgical instrument when the handheld device 6504 is mounted within the adapter assembly 6500. Figure 15 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6502 and the distal portion 6503 of the adapter assembly 6500 may each include energy management components 6508, 6510, 6514, and 6516, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device is installed in the cavity 6509 of the adapter assembly 6500.

[0076] See still Figure 15 The adapter assembly 6500 may include a heat sink assembly, which includes an external heat sink 6508 and a plurality of internal heat sinks 6510, 6514 positioned within a cavity 6509 of the adapter assembly 6500. According to Figure 15In a non-limiting aspect, an external heat sink 6508 is positioned on the outer surface of the distal portion 6503 of the adapter assembly 6500 and configured to allow heat generated by the motor 6512 to convect away from the surgical instrument 6500. In some non-limiting aspects, the external heat sink may include a plurality of fins configured to expand the surface area from which heat can convect. A first internal heat sink 6510 may be positioned within the proximal portion 6502 of the adapter assembly 6500 and configured to mechanically contact the motor 6512 of the handheld device 6504, thereby forming a conductive heat path for heat to be guided out of and away from the motor 6512. A second internal heat sink 6514 may be positioned within the distal portion 6503 of the adapter assembly 6500 and configured to mechanically contact the external heat sink 6508 while maintaining a sterile barrier formed by the adapter assembly 6500. The second internal radiator 6514 may also be configured to mechanically contact the first radiator 6510 when the hinge 6506 is closed, thereby extending the heat conduction path from the motor 6512 to the external radiator 6508. Thus, when the hinge 6506 is closed and a clinician is using surgical instruments, the radiator assembly can transfer the heat generated by the motor 6512 away from the cavity 6509. Figure 15 The non-restrictive aspects are prominently depicted as an open configuration, and therefore the second radiator 6514 is not depicted as being in mechanical contact with the first radiator 6510.

[0077] See further Figure 15 The heat sink assembly may also include thermal paste 6516 (e.g., thermally conductive compound, grease), which is configured to interface with the first internal heat sink 6510 and the second internal heat sink 6514. Figure 15 In a non-limiting aspect, the thermal paste 6516 can improve the conductivity between the first internal heat sink 6510 and the second internal heat sink 6514, and thus improve the conductivity between the external heat sink 6508. Additionally, the thermal paste 6516 can be configured to mitigate hot spots typically generated between coupled heat sinks by filling discontinuities in the common thermal path established by the first internal heat sink 6510 and the second internal heat sink 6514, taking into account thermal and dimensional tolerances. Figure 15The thermal paste 6516 can be similar to those used in integrated circuit electronic devices, such as those typically applied between computer processing units and corresponding heat sinks. For example, while the thermal paste 6516 may be thermally conductive, it may not be electrically conductive, thereby reducing the likelihood of shocks and / or short circuits. When the adapter assembly 6500 and the sterile barrier need to be replaced, the thermal paste 6516 can be pre-applied to the adapter assembly 6500 and reapplied to the handheld device 6504. The thermal paste 6516 offers several advantages over graphite pads and / or thermal pads, which can decompose over time and thus become less efficient. Additionally, the thermal paste 6516 contemplated in this disclosure is less expensive than comparable graphite and / or thermal pads.

[0078] See now Figure 16 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device 6604 and an adapter assembly 6600, the adapter assembly including energy management components 6608, 6610, 6614, 6616. Figure 16 In a non-limiting aspect, the adapter assembly 6600 may include a proximal portion 6602 and a distal portion 6603 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6606. Commonly, the proximal portion 6602 and the distal portion 6603 may form a housing or enclosure defining an inner cavity 6609 configured to enclose a handheld device 6604 that generates energy during use of a surgical instrument. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6600 is configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6606 is open and a sterile barrier is compromised, and in a closed configuration, the hinge 6606 is closed and a sterile barrier is established. Commonly, the proximal portion 6602 and the distal portion 6603 may define a handle portion configured for ergonomic operation of the surgical instrument when the handheld device 6604 is mounted within the adapter assembly 6600. Figure 16 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6602 and the distal portion 6603 of the adapter assembly 6600 may each include energy management components 6608, 6610, 6614, and 6616, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device is installed in the cavity 6609 of the adapter assembly 6600.

[0079] See still Figure 16 The adapter assembly 6600 may include a heat sink assembly comprising an external heat sink 6608 and a plurality of internal heat sinks 6610, 6614, 6616 positioned within a cavity 6609 of the adapter assembly 6600. According to Figure 16In a non-limiting aspect, an external heat sink 6608 is positioned on the outer surface of the distal portion 6603 of the adapter assembly 6600 and configured to allow heat generated by the motor 6612 to convect away from the surgical instrument 6600. In some non-limiting aspects, the external heat sink 6608 may include a plurality of fins configured to expand the surface area from which heat can convect. An internal heat sink 6610 may be positioned within the proximal portion 6602 of the adapter assembly 6600 and configured to mechanically contact the motor 6612 of the handheld device 6604, thereby creating a conductive heat path for heat to be guided out of and away from the motor 6612. The internal heat sink 6610 may terminate in a wedge-shaped thermally conductive surface region 6614. The thermally conductive surface region 6614 may be configured to mechanically contact a translational conductor 6616 positioned within the distal portion 6603 of the adapter assembly 6600. The translation conductor 6616 can also be configured to move within the distal portion 6603 of the adapter assembly 6600 between a first position and a second position. For example, when the adapter assembly 6600 is in a closed configuration, the translation conductor 6616 mechanically contacts a thermally conductive surface region 6614, which moves from the first position to the second position based at least in part on the wedge-shaped configuration of the thermally conductive surface region 6614. In the second position, the translation conductor 6616 mechanically contacts an external heat sink 6608, thereby extending the heat conduction path from the motor 6612 to the external heat sink 6608 while maintaining the sterile barrier formed by the adapter assembly 6600.

[0080] See now Figure 17 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 16 Cross-sectional side views of energy management components 6608, 6610, 6614, and 6616. According to... Figure 17 In a non-limiting aspect, the internal heat sink 6610 may mechanically contact the handheld device 6604. Figure 16 The motor 6612 can terminate in the wedge-shaped heat-conducting surface region 6614. The translation conductor 6616 is also shown to have a geometry corresponding to the wedge shape of the heat-conducting surface region 6414. Figure 17 As shown, when the proximal portion 6602 of the adapter assembly 6600 ( Figure 16 As the wedge-shaped thermally conductive surface region 6614 moves toward the distal portion 6603 of the adapter assembly 6600, it forces the translation conductor 6616 upward toward the external heat sink 6608. Figure 17 Non-limiting aspects also include a spring 6617, which can be configured to movably connect the translation conductor 6616 to the cavity 6609. Figure 16 The inner wall of the radiator, or in some respects, is connected to the external radiator 6608 itself. Although Figure 17Non-limiting aspects include wedge geometry, but it should be understood that any corresponding geometry capable of engaging the thermally conductive surface region 6614 and thus moving the translation conductor 6616 into mechanical contact with the external heat sink 6608 can be used to extend the thermal path from the motor 6612.

[0081] Now for reference Figure 18 and Figure 19 According to another non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 16 The adapter component 6600. According to... Figure 18 and Figure 19 In terms of non-restrictive aspects, Figure 17 The spring 6617 includes a wave spring geometry 6618 that translates within the distal portion 6603 between a translation conductor 6616 and a wedge-shaped thermally conductive surface region 6614. The wave spring 6618 may comprise any thermally conductive compressible and / or elastic material, making it suitable for efficiently transferring thermal energy from the translation conductor 6616 to the external heat sink 6608. Figure 19 As shown, the wave spring 6618 may include a plurality of internal recesses 6620 providing an increased surface area for the spring 6617. When compressed, the recesses 6620 are compressible, causing the inner walls of the recesses 6620 to contact each other. Therefore, the wave spring 6618—and more specifically, the recesses 6620—can increase the conductive surface area of ​​the heat path, thereby resulting in more efficient removal of heat energy from the cavity 6609 of the adapter assembly 6000. Although Figure 18 and Figure 19 The wave spring 6618 includes a specific geometry, but it should be understood that any geometry can be implemented to enable the translation conductor 6616 to move relative to the external heat sink 6608 while increasing the conductivity of the thermal path to the motor 6612 to achieve improved heat transfer efficiency.

[0082] Now for reference Figure 20 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical instrument 6700 is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device 6702 and having energy management components 6708, 6710. Figure 22 The distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly of 6712. Figure 20In a non-limiting aspect, the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly includes an external heat sink 6712. In some non-limiting aspects, the distal portion 6704 may be connected to the proximal portion of the adapter assembly in a flip-top configuration via a hinge. Regardless, the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly partially defines a housing including an inner cavity 6709 configured to enclose the handheld device 6702. Similar to other disclosed aspects, when the surgical instrument 6700 is in use, the motor 6706 of the handheld device 6702 can generate energy. Therefore, the distal portion 6704 may be configured to be mechanically coupled to the handheld device 6702, thereby establishing a sterile barrier. Figure 20 As can be seen, the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly and the handheld device 6702 may together include energy management components 6708 and 6710. Figure 22 ), 6712, these energy management components are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device 6702 is installed in the cavity 6709 of the adapter assembly.

[0083] See further Figure 20 The surgical instrument 6700 may include an external heat sink 6712 and several internal heat sinks 6708, 6710 located within the cavity 6709 of the adapter assembly. Figure 22 ), 6711. According to Figure 20 In a non-limiting aspect, an external heat sink 6712 may be positioned on the outer surface of the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly and configured to allow heat generated by the motor 6706 to convect away from the surgical instrument 6700. In some non-limiting aspects, the external heat sink 6712 may include a plurality of fins configured to expand the surface area from which heat can convect. An internal heat sink 6708 may be positioned within the inner cavity 6709 of the adapter assembly and configured to mechanically contact the motor 6706 of the handheld device 6702, thereby forming a conductive heat path for heat to be guided out of and away from the motor 6706. The internal heat sink 6708 may terminate in a heat-conducting surface region 6710 located proximal to the distal end of the handheld device 6702. The thermally conductive surface region 6710 may be configured to mechanically contact the leaf spring 6711 coupled to the inner surface of the external heat sink 6712 when the handheld device 6702 is properly mounted in the cavity 6709 and arranged in the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly.

[0084] See now Figure 21 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 20 Energy Management Component 6710 ( Figure 22 ), 6711, 6712, cross-sectional perspective views. According to Figure 20 and Figure 21 In a non-limiting aspect, the leaf spring 6711 is connected to the inner surface 6713 of the external heat sink 6712. Specifically, the mechanical properties of the leaf spring 6711 are... Figure 21 The description is as follows. For example, it should be understood that the leaf spring 6711 may include specific elastic properties that enable it to exert an inward force when compressed. Therefore, when the handheld device 6702 ( Figure 20 ) Correctly installed in the inner cavity 6709 ( Figure 20 When the leaf spring 6711 is located within the heat-conducting surface region 6710 and arranged within the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly, the leaf spring 6711 is within the heat-conducting surface region 6710. Figure 22 An inward force is applied to the heat-conducting surface region 6710. This ensures that the leaf spring 6711 remains mechanically engaged with the heat-conducting surface region 6710, thereby establishing a conduction path capable of effectively removing heat energy from the motor 6706 of the surgical instrument 6700. The leaf spring 6711 may be integrally formed with the heat-conducting surface region 6710 or attached separately. In other non-limiting aspects, the leaf spring 6711 may be mechanically coupled to the heat-conducting surface region 6710 and configured to mechanically contact the inner surface of the external heat sink 6712 when the handheld device 6702 is properly mounted within the cavity 6709 and arranged within the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly.

[0085] Now for reference Figure 22 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 20 and Figure 21 Various views of energy management components 6710, 6711, and 6712. Figure 22 In a non-limiting aspect, the leaf spring 6711 can be positioned on the heat-conducting surface region 6710 of the handheld device 6702. Figure 20 Between, and when the handheld device 6702 is correctly installed in the cavity 6709 ( Figure 20 The leaf spring 6711 is compressed when it is arranged within the distal portion 6704 of the adapter assembly. Due to the corresponding truncated conical structure of the thermally conductive surface area 6710 of the adapter assembly and the distal portion 6704, the leaf spring 6711 can be compressed more and more when the handheld device 6702 is installed. Due to the elastic nature of the leaf spring 6711, the inward force exerted by the leaf spring 6711 gradually increases, thereby increasing the surface area through which the thermally conductive surface area 6710, the leaf spring 6711, and the external heat sink 6712 make thermal contact. It should be understood that the conductivity increases with the increase of the conductive surface area. Therefore, Figure 20 and Figure 21 Energy management components 6710, 6711, and 6712 can be implemented from surgical instrument 6700 ( Figure 20 The inner cavity of 6709 ( Figure 20 Effectively removes motor 7606 ( Figure 20 The heat energy generated.

[0086] See now Figure 23 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional side view of a surgical instrument 6800 is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device 6804 and an adapter assembly 6801, the adapter assembly including energy management systems 6610, 6614, 6616. Figure 23 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 6800 may include a proximal portion 6802 and a distal portion 6803 connected in a flip-top configuration via a hinge 6806. Commonly, the proximal portion 6802 and the distal portion 6803 may form a housing or shell defining an inner cavity 6809 configured to enclose a handheld device 6804, which is configured to generate energy when the surgical instrument is in use. Therefore, the adapter assembly 6801 may be configured to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration, in which the hinge 6806 is open and a sterile barrier is compromised, and in a closed configuration, the hinge 6806 is closed and a sterile barrier is established. Commonly, the proximal portion 6802 and the distal portion 6803 may further define a handle portion 6805 configured for ergonomic operation of the surgical instrument 6800 when the handheld device 6804 is mounted within the adapter assembly 6801. As in Figure 23 As can be seen, the proximal portion 6802 and the distal portion 6803 of the adapter assembly 6800 may each include energy management components 6812, 6814, 6813, and 6816, which are configured to effectively manage the energy generated by the handheld device when the handheld device 6804 is installed in the cavity 6809 of the adapter assembly 6801.

[0087] See still Figure 23 The surgical instrument 6800 may include energy storage and removal components 6812, 6814, 6813, and 6816, which include a removable thermal energy storage device 6816 configured to be installed within a dedicated compartment 6813 within the cavity 6809 of the adapter assembly 6801. Figure 23In a non-limiting aspect, one or more internal heat sinks 6812 may be configured to mechanically contact the motor 6810 of the handheld device 6804, thereby forming a conductive heat path for heat energy to be directed out of and away from the motor 6810. One or more internal heat sinks 6812 may terminate in one or more conductive contacts 6814 located within a dedicated compartment 6813 of the cavity 6809. When properly installed within the dedicated compartment 6813, a removable thermal energy storage device 6816 may be configured to mechanically contact one or more contacts 6814, thereby extending the heat conduction path into the removable thermal energy storage device 6816.

[0088] See further Figure 23 The surgical instrument 6800 can transfer heat away from the motor 6810 and store it within a thermal energy storage device 6816, instead of utilizing an external radiator configured to convect and / or radiate heat away from the handheld device 6804. For example, the thermal energy storage device 6816 may include a material with a high specific heat capacity configured to dissipate heat throughout the storage device 6816 and strategically delay any rise in internal temperature. The removable storage device 6816 may include one or more conductive contacts 6824 configured to engage conductive contacts 6814 positioned within a dedicated compartment when the storage device 6816 is properly mounted within the adapter assembly 6801. Therefore, Figure 23 The removable storage device 6816 can be configured to be charged, i.e., to receive and store heat energy generated by the motor 6810 when the surgical device 6800 is in use. Specifically, a material with a high specific heat can absorb and dissipate the heat energy it receives from the motor 6810 throughout the storage device 6816. For example, the material may include solid ingots or liquids such as water. Of course, other non-limiting aspects contemplated in this disclosure consider any number of suitable materials for the removable storage device 6816. When the storage device 6816 reaches a critical temperature, it can be removed from a dedicated compartment and replaced with a similarly constructed but cooler storage device 6816. This replacement may be at ambient temperature or pre-cooled to below ambient temperature to further delay the time required to reach the critical temperature.

[0089] See now Figure 24 According to at least one aspect of this disclosure, it is described Figure 23 Cross-sectional perspective views of energy management components 6824, 6826, and 6828 of the energy management system 6816. Figure 24In a non-limiting aspect, the dedicated compartment 6813, storage device 6816, or both may include a temperature sensor 6822 (e.g., a thermocouple, thermistor, resistive temperature detector, semiconductor-based sensor) configured to generate a signal associated with the operating temperature of the removable storage device 6816. The surgical instrument 6800 may also include control circuitry 6826 coupled to the temperature sensor 6822 and configured to receive the signal and determine the temperature of the removable storage device 6816 based at least in part on the signal generated by the temperature sensor 6822. Thus, the control circuitry can determine that the temperature of the removable storage device 6816 has exceeded a predetermined threshold and therefore notify the clinician via an alarm.

[0090] See still Figure 24 The energy management system may also include a light-emitting diode indicator 6828 coupled to the control circuitry 6826, which may be configured to indicate to a clinician the determined operating temperature of the removable storage device 6816. Figure 24 In a non-limiting aspect, indicator 6828 can illuminate a specific color associated with the operating temperature of removable storage device 6816. For example, the indicator can illuminate a first color 6830 to indicate that storage device 6816 is at a cold temperature, a second color 6832 to indicate that storage device 6816 is at a warm temperature, and a third color 6834 to indicate that storage device 6816 is at a hot temperature. When the indicator illuminates the third color 6834, the operating clinician can remove and / or replace removable storage device 6816. Although Figure 24 The non-limiting aspect shown is a light-emitting diode indicator 6828, but this disclosure contemplates other non-limiting aspects characterized by a variety of different alarms, including audible alarms, tactile alarms, and / or visual alarms. Similarly, Figure 23 The surgical instrument 6800 may include any number of user interface components, including a screen, speaker, motor, light, and / or the like. As previously discussed, the storage device 6816 may include a solid ingot. Alternatively, the storage device 6816 may include a hollow cavity and / or sac containing a fluid, such as water. Additionally and / or alternatively, the adapter assembly 6801 may include thermal insulation 6836 positioned between the inner walls of the dedicated compartment 6813 to further manage and / or contain any heat energy generated by the motor 6810 that is not stored within the storage device 6816. Therefore, Figure 23 and Figure 24 The indicator 6828 and the removable storage device 6816 can be used to effectively manage the energy dissipated by the handheld device 6804, thereby facilitating the safe and continuous use of the surgical instrument 6800.

[0091] See now Figure 25According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical instrument energy management system 7000 is depicted. Figure 25 In a non-limiting aspect, the energy management system 7000 may include a thermoelectric cooling configuration comprising a Peltier module 7002 configured to facilitate the management of heat generated by the motor 7010. The Peltier module 7002 may be configured to utilize the thermoelectric effect by using an electric current configured to flow between two material junctions, which can induce cooling. Figure 25 In a non-limiting aspect, the Peltier module 7002 may include a matrix of P / N junctions arranged between a plurality of P nodes 7004 and a plurality of N nodes 7006. The plurality of P nodes 7004 and the plurality of N nodes 7006 together form a matrix of junction conductors 7004, 7006, which can be connected to a power source 7012 via a pair of leads 7008a, 7008b. The power source 7012 can thus apply a voltage across the matrix of junction conductors 7004, 7006 to generate current. As current flows through the junction of the two conductors 7004, 7006, heat energy can be removed from a first side 7014 of the matrix of the two conductors 7004, 7006 and deposited on a second side 7016 of the matrix. The first side 7014 may be configured to be adjacent to a motor 7010, and the second side 7016 may be positioned away from the motor 7010 to remove heat energy from the motor 7010 to prevent overheating. According to some non-restrictive aspects, Figure 25 The energy management system 7000 may also include a radiator to help dissipate the heat carried away from the motor 7010 via the Peltier module 7002.

[0092] although Figures 5 to 25 The non-limiting aspects of this description depict an energy management system configured to manage the generation of thermal energy; however, it should be understood that similar systems can be implemented to effectively manage the generation of various energies produced by a motor, handheld device, or surgical instrument as a whole. For example, aspects can be implemented to help manage the vibrational and / or acoustic energy generated by the motor of a handheld device when a surgical instrument is in use. Similar to the case of thermal energy, adapter components, including those establishing a sterile barrier around the handheld device, can complicate the dissipation of vibrational and / or acoustic energy. Without appropriate means of managing this energy, surgical instruments may suffer from reduced precision and / or accelerated component degradation, which may be difficult for clinicians to manage. Therefore, there is a need for an energy management system that can be configured to manage and mitigate the generation of vibrational and / or acoustic energy.

[0093] Now for reference Figure 26According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical instrument 7500 is depicted, the surgical instrument including a handheld surgical device and an adapter assembly 7502, the adapter assembly including an energy management system 7504. Figure 26 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 7500 may include an adapter assembly 7502 having a housing defining an inner cavity 7509. A handheld device may be mounted within the inner cavity 7509, including its necessary components. For example, Figure 26 Non-limiting aspects include a motor 7506, a power source 7508, a sensor 7510, and a control circuit 7512 within the cavity 7509. Specifically, when the surgical instrument 7500 is in operation, the motor 7506 can generate vibrational energy, such as... Figure 26 As depicted in the text.

[0094] See further Figure 26 The surgical instruments may include an energy management system 7504 disposed within the lumen 7509 of the adapter assembly 7502. According to Figure 26 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 7500 may include a composite material 7504 strategically located throughout the lumen 7509, wherein the composite material 7504 is configured to manage the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7506. For example, the composite material 7504 may include piezoelectric properties configured to dampen the vibrational energy by generating a reaction force against the generated vibrational energy upon activation. In some non-limiting aspects, the composite material may be configured to automatically generate the aforementioned reaction force upon activation of the motor 7506. As will be discussed, the reaction force may be specifically configured to mitigate and / or substantially eliminate the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7506. For example, the composite material 7504 may generate a reaction force equal to but opposite to the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7506.

[0095] according to Figure 26 Other non-limiting aspects include that sensor 7510 can detect vibrational energy generated by motor 7506 when surgical instrument 7500 is in use. Sensor 7510 can generate a signal associated with the detected vibrational energy. Control circuit 7512 can be configured to receive the signal from sensor 7510 and determine the operating level of vibrational energy generated by motor 7506 when surgical instrument 7500 is in use. When the operating level of vibrational energy generated by motor 7506 is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold, control circuit 7512 can direct energy from power source 7508 to piezoelectric composite material 7504. When activated, piezoelectric composite material 7504 can be configured to generate a reaction force, thereby damping the vibrational energy generated by motor 7506 when surgical instrument 7500 is in use. Therefore, Figure 26 The surgical instrument 7500 can be configured to be self-stabilizing, making it easier for clinicians to operate.

[0096] See now Figure 27 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 26 The energy management system 7504's energy response 7516, as previously discussed, is... Figure 26 The reaction force 7516 generated by the composite material 7504 can be specifically configured to mitigate and / or substantially eliminate the force generated by the motor 7506. Figure 26 The vibrational energy generated is 7514. According to... Figure 27 In terms of non-restrictive aspects, Figure 26 The composite material 7504 can generate a reaction force 7516 that is equal to but opposite to the vibration energy 7514 generated by the motor 7506. Therefore, Figure 26 The composite material can reduce the amount of material used in the 7506 motor ( Figure 26 The vibration energy 7514 generated improves the stability of the surgical instrument 7500, and thus improves the precision of the surgeon operating the surgical instrument 7500. Although Figure 27 Non-limiting aspects are described as being configured to match the motor 7506 ( Figure 26 The energy response 7516 generated by the vibration energy is described, but it should be understood that, depending on user preferences and / or intended application, the energy management system 7504 contemplated in this disclosure can be specifically configured to produce any desired level of energy response 7516. This can be communicatively coupled to control circuitry 7512. Figure 26 This is accomplished through the user interface.

[0097] refer to Figure 28 A cross-sectional perspective view of an adapter assembly 7602 of a surgical instrument 7600, including an energy management component 7604, according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure, is shown. The adapter assembly 7602 may define a cavity 7609 configured to accommodate a handheld device and its necessary components, such as a motor 7606. Figure 28 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 7600 may include a material layer 7604 strategically positioned throughout the lumen 7609, wherein the material layer 7604 is specifically configured to manage vibrational energy generated by the motor 7606. For example, the material layer 7604 may comprise butyl rubber configured to absorb vibrational energy generated by the motor 7606 when the surgical instrument 7600 is in use.

[0098] See further Figure 28Material layer 7604 typically comprises any vibration-damping material having a sufficiently high damping coefficient and the ability to maintain performance without degradation. Therefore, when the surgical instrument 7600 is in use, material layer 7604 can absorb shock energy and reduce vibrations generated by the motor 7606. Additionally and / or alternatively, material layer 7604 may include sound-insulating properties to reduce the impact of vibrational energy on the surgical instrument 7600. For example, material layer 7604 may include a material configured to absorb sound energy, thereby reducing the energy of sound waves generated by the motor 7606. Material layer 7604 may also be configured to absorb shocks over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. Although Figure 28 Non-limiting aspects include butyl rubber material layer 7604, but other non-limiting aspects of this disclosure envision a variety of material layers 7604 having the aforementioned properties.

[0099] See still Figure 28 This disclosure envisions a material layer 7604 made of any natural or synthetic material, including viscoelastic polymers, latex, and cork. Similarly, the material layer 7604 may include various mechanical components, such as springs, to help manage the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7606. Although Figure 28 Non-limiting aspects include a material layer 7604 configured to line the lumen 7609, but other non-limiting aspects include a material layer 7606 disposed within the wall of the adapter assembly 7602 itself. Therefore, it should be understood that the material layer 7604 may be intentionally disposed throughout the structure of the surgical instrument 7600 to achieve a desired level of energy management.

[0100] See now Figure 29A According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 27 Alternative energy management component 7604 for adapter assembly a The cross-sectional profile. According to... Figure 29A In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 7600 may include a material layer 7604 configured to manage the acoustic energy of sound waves generated by the motor 7606. a .For example, Figure 29A Material layer 7604 a It may include multiple cone absorbers, similar to those found in anechoic chambers. Figure 29A The anechoic geometry of the material layer 7604a is specifically configured to absorb and suppress the reflection of acoustic energy generated by the motor 7606 when the surgical instrument 7600 is in use. Sound waves emitted by the motor 7606 are reflected from the inclined walls of each cone, preventing energy from being reflected back into the cavity 7609. Figure 28In other words, the anechoic geometry prevents echoes that could exacerbate vibrations of the surgical instrument 7600. Therefore, material layer 7604a can be used to supplement and / or enhance energy management, thereby reducing subsequent vibrations and / or degradation of the surgical instrument 7600.

[0101] See now Figure 29B According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 27 Alternative energy management component 7604 for adapter assembly b The cross-sectional profile. According to... Figure 29B In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument 7600 may include having Figure 29A The material layer 7604 with a similar sound-absorbing geometry described in the paper a Similar to Figure 29A Material layer 7604 a Material layer 7604 b It manages the acoustic energy emitted by motor 7606. However, Figure 29A Material layer 7604 a It is possible that the adapter component 7602 was accidentally damaged. Figure 28 The lack of insulation may hinder the management of heat generated by the motor 7606. Therefore, Figure 29B Material layer 7604 b It may also include material layer 7604 b Multiple air chambers 7610 are located between the inner wall of the cavity 7609 of the adapter assembly 7602 and the inner wall of the cavity 7609. In this way, heat energy can still escape from the cavity 7609 through the multiple air chambers 7610. Figure 28 Escape. Additional and / or alternatively, material layer 7604 b Combined with heat conduction channels, baffles, and heat sinks, as previously discussed, this enables... Figure 29B Material layer 7604 b To effectively manage the thermal, acoustic, and vibrational energy generated by the surgical instrument 7600.

[0102] See now Figure 30A According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, an energy management system 7700 for surgical instruments is depicted. Figure 30A In a non-limiting aspect, the energy management system 7700 may include a balancer 7708. a The counterweight is configured to be coupled to the drive shaft 7702 of a motor 7706 of a surgical instrument. The drive shaft 7702 of the motor 7706 moves laterally along drive shaft axis A. Drive shaft axis A defines a first side 7710 and a second side 7712 of the motor 7706. Figure 30A In its non-restrictive aspects, the balance 7708 aBoth the drive member 7704 and the drive shaft 7702 are positioned on the first side 7710 of the motor 7706. Therefore, the balance 7708 of the energy management system 7700... a It is configured to rotate in the opposite direction of the drive shaft, thereby generating a reaction force that is configured to dampen the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7706 when the surgical instrument is in use.

[0103] See now Figure 30B According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 30A A diagram of the energy response of the 7700 energy management system 7716. As previously discussed, by Figure 30A The reaction force 7716 generated by the energy management system 7700 can be specifically configured to mitigate the effect of the motor 7706 ( Figure 30A The vibrational energy generated is 7714. Figure 30B Balance 7708 a Rotation in the opposite direction to the drive shaft 7702 can generate a reaction force 7716 that is similar in magnitude but opposite in size to the vibrational energy 7714 generated by the motor 7706. For example... Figure 30B The vibration energy 7714 (as depicted in the text) generated by motor 7706 Figure 30A ) and by the balance 7708 a The difference in magnitude between the generated damping energies 7716 produces the obtained energy 7718, which can be felt by the operating clinician, but is greater in magnitude than the undiminished vibrational energy 7714 generated by the motor 7706. Figure 30A It is much lower.

[0104] See now Figure 30C According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, an energy management system 7700 for surgical instruments is depicted. Figure 30C The non-restrictive aspects are similar to Figure 30A In a non-limiting aspect, the energy management system 7700 may include a counterweight 7708 configured to be coupled to the drive shaft 7702 of the motor 7706. b Once again, the drive shaft 7702 of the motor 7706 moves laterally along drive shaft axis A, which defines a first side 7710 and a second side 7712 of the motor 7706. However, in Figure 30C In its non-restrictive aspects, the balance 7708 b The drive member 7704, which is positioned on the first side 7710 of the motor 7706 and engages with the drive shaft 7702, is positioned on the second side 7712 of the motor 7706. Therefore, the balance 7708 of the energy management system 7700... bIt is configured to rotate in the same direction as the drive shaft, thereby generating a reaction force that is configured to dampen the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7706 when the surgical instrument is in use. This is in Figure 30C The unbalance vector is shown in the diagram, which runs along the axis of the balance 7708. b The force vectors generated by the damper are oriented in opposite directions. Therefore, the balance 7708 b Can generate with Figure 30B The energy response 7716 depicted is similar to the energy response shown, which is shown to substantially reduce the vibrational energy 7714 generated by the motor 7706. Figure 30B ).

[0105] See now Figure 31 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a perspective view of a surgical instrument energy management system 7800 is depicted. Figure 31 In a non-limiting aspect, the surgical instrument may include a motor 7806, which may include a proximal pin 7804 configured to engage with a bushing 7810 positioned within a proximal handle 7802 of the surgical instrument. The bushing 7810 may be positioned between ball bearings 7808, allowing the bushing 7810 to rotate freely within the proximal handle 7802. The bushing 7810 may also include a counterweight 7812 configured to generate a force when the bushing 7810 rotates. Because the proximal pin 7804 mechanically engages the bushing 7810 with the drive shaft of the motor 7806, the counterweight 7812 can be tuned to produce an energy response specifically configured to balance the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7806. Furthermore, because the bushing 7810 anchors the motor 7806 to the proximal handle 7802 of the surgical instrument, movement of the motor 7806 relative to the proximal handle 7802 of the surgical instrument is prevented. Therefore, bushing 7810 can produce the same as Figure 30B The energy response 7716 depicted is similar to the energy response shown, which is shown to substantially mitigate the vibrational energy 7714 dissipated by the motor 7706. Figure 30B ).

[0106] See now Figure 32 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, a cross-sectional perspective view of an energy management system 7900 for a surgical instrument is depicted. Figure 32 In a non-limiting aspect, the energy management system 7900 may include a motor housing 7904 surrounding a motor 7903 of the handheld device 7902. According to... Figure 32In a non-limiting aspect, the motor housing 7904 may include a piezoelectric sheath 7908 coupled to a control circuit 7910, which is further coupled to a power source 7912. A sensor 7906 may be mechanically coupled to the motor and configured to detect the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7503 when the surgical instrument 7500 is in use.

[0107] See further Figure 32 The sensor 7906 can also be configured to generate a signal associated with the detected vibrational energy of the motor 7903. A control circuit 7910 can be coupled to the sensor 7906 and configured to receive the signal from the sensor 7906 and determine the operating level of the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7506 when the surgical instrument 7500 is in use. The control circuit 7910 can be further coupled to a power source 7912. When the operating level of the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7903 is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold, the control circuit 7910 can direct energy from the power source 7912 to the piezoelectric sheath 7908. When activated, the piezoelectric sheath 7908 can be configured to generate a reaction force, thereby damping the vibrational energy generated by the motor 7903 when the surgical instrument is in use. Therefore, Figure 32 The energy management system 7900 can be configured as a handheld device 7902 capable of self-stabilizing surgical instruments, making it easier for operating clinicians to use.

[0108] See now Figure 33 According to at least one non-limiting aspect of this disclosure, the following is described: Figure 32 A front sectional view of the 7900 energy management system. According to... Figure 33 In a non-limiting aspect, the energy management system 7900 may include a motor housing 7904 configured as a chassis, which surrounds, supports, and suspends the motor 7903 assembly of the handheld device 7902 from a piezoelectric sheath 7908. As previously discussed, this is coupled to a control circuit 7910 (…). Figure 32 ) and power source 7912 ( Figure 32 The sensor 7906 is arranged at a predetermined position on the motor housing 7904. (As in...) Figure 33 As can be seen in the non-limiting aspects, the piezoelectric sheath 7908 may include a circumferential perimeter surrounding the chassis, which is specifically configured to uniformly transmit piezoelectric power across the entire chassis 7904 to mitigate and potentially eliminate any mechanical response to vibrational energy generated by the motor 7903 assembly during use of the surgical assembly. It should be understood that... Figure 33 The chassis 7904 can be finer-tuned according to the number of motors and the desired response to the piezoelectric stimulation provided by the sheath 7908. Therefore, any geometric configuration can be achieved to fine-tune the performance of the energy management system 7900 according to user preferences and / or intended applications.

[0109] See now Figure 34 According to at least one aspect of this disclosure, a schematic diagram of a control circuit 8000 configured to manage energy dissipated by surgical instruments is depicted. For example, the control circuit 8000 may be configured to implement various energy management processes described herein. Figure 34 In a non-limiting aspect, the control circuitry 8000 may include a microcontroller comprising one or more processors 8002 (e.g., a microprocessor, a microcontroller) coupled to at least one memory circuitry 8008. The memory circuitry 8008 may be configured to store machine-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor 8002, cause the processor 8002 to perform machine instructions to implement the various processes described herein. The processor 8002 may be any of a variety of single-core or multi-core processors known in the art. Alternatively and / or additionally, the microcontroller may include a logic board, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The memory circuitry 8008 may include volatile and non-volatile storage media. The processor 8002 may include an instruction processing unit 8004 and an arithmetic unit 8006. The instruction processing unit 8004 may be configured to receive instructions from the memory circuitry 8008 of this disclosure.

[0110] The surgical instruments described herein are all actuated by electric motors; however, the surgical instrument systems described herein can be actuated in any suitable manner. In some instances, the motors disclosed herein may include one or more parts of a robot control system. For example, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13 / 118,241 (now U.S. Patent No. 9,072,535), entitled “SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLEDEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS,” discloses several examples of robotic surgical instrument systems in more detail, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. International Patent Publication No. WO 2017 / 083125, entitled "STAPLER WITH COMPOSITE CARDAN AND SCREW DRIVE", published on May 18, 2017; International Patent Publication No. WO 2017 / 083126, entitled "STAPLE PUSHER WITH LOST MOTION BETWEEN RAMPS", published on May 18, 2017; International Patent Publication No. 2015 / 153642, entitled "SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH SHIFTABLE TRANSMISSION", published on October 8, 2015; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0265954, entitled "STAPLER WITH CABLE-DRIVEN ADVANCEABLE CLAMPING ELEMENT AND DUAL DISTAL PULLEYS", filed on March 17, 2017; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. WO 2017 / 083126, entitled "STAPLER WITH CABLE-DRIVEN ADVANCEABLE CLAMPING ELEMENT AND DUAL DISTAL PULLEYS", filed on February 15, 2017. The full text of the publications of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0265865 entitled “Advanced Clampingement and Distal Pulley” and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0290586 entitled “Stapping Cartridge”, filed on March 29, 2017, are incorporated herein by reference.

[0111] The surgical instruments described herein have been described in conjunction with the deployment and variations of screws; however, the embodiments described herein are not limited thereto. For example, various embodiments are contemplated for deploying fasteners other than screws, such as clamps or pins. Furthermore, various embodiments utilizing any suitable means for sealing tissue are contemplated. For example, end effectors according to various embodiments may include electrodes configured to heat and seal tissue. Additionally, for example, end effectors according to certain embodiments may apply vibrational energy to seal tissue.

[0112] Various aspects of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the following numbered embodiments: Example 1 - A surgical instrument includes a handheld device comprising an inner housing and a power source coupled to a first drive assembly having a first operating mode. The power source and the first drive assembly are disposed within the inner housing. The surgical instrument further includes an adapter assembly comprising an outer housing defining an inner cavity. The outer housing is configured to enclose the handheld device and includes an energy management system configured to manage energy dissipated by the handheld device and a drive interface assembly including an internal interface and an external interface, wherein the internal interface is configured to be mechanically coupled to the first drive assembly of the handheld device. The surgical instrument further includes an interchangeable end effector comprising a second drive assembly. The second drive assembly has a second operating mode different from the first operating mode of the first drive assembly, and the second drive assembly is configured to be mechanically coupled to the external interface of the drive interface. The internal interface of the drive interface component is configured to transmit motion generated by the first drive component to the external interface of the drive interface component, and the external interface of the drive interface component is configured to transmit motion of the internal interface of the drive interface component to the second drive component of the interchangeable end effector.

[0113] Example 2 - The surgical instrument according to Example 1, wherein the outer housing further includes a proximal portion and a distal portion hinged to the proximal portion. The distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and in the closed configuration, establishes a sterile barrier around the handheld device. The energy management system further includes a first heat sink coupled to the proximal portion of the outer housing. The first heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the handheld device when it is enclosed within the cavity of the adapter assembly. The energy management system further includes a second heat sink coupled to the outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing. The second heat sink is configured to engage with the first heat sink without compromising the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration, and the mechanical contact between the first and second heat sinks forms a heat conduction path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

[0114] Example 3 - The surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1 or 2 further includes a thermal conductive paste positioned between the first heat sink and the second heat sink. The thermal conductive paste is configured to increase the surface area of ​​the junction between the first heat sink and the second heat sink, and thus enhance the conductivity of the junction.

[0115] Example 4 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-3, wherein the energy management system further includes: a piezoelectric fan coupled to the power source; a temperature sensor configured to generate a signal associated with the operating temperature of the handheld device; and a control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system. The control circuit is configured to receive a first signal from the temperature sensor; determine a first operating temperature of the handheld device based at least in part on the first signal; determine whether the first operating temperature meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and cause the piezoelectric fan to oscillate when the first operating temperature meets or exceeds the predetermined threshold.

[0116] Example 5 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-4, wherein the control circuit is further configured to receive a second signal from the temperature sensor; determine a second operating temperature of the handheld device based at least in part on the second signal; compare the first operating temperature with the second operating temperature; and change the oscillation of the piezoelectric fan based at least in part on the comparison of the first operating temperature with the second operating temperature.

[0117] Example 6 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-5, wherein the energy management system comprises: a piezoresistive damper configured to generate damped vibration; a sensor configured to generate a signal associated with the vibration of the surgical instrument; and a control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system. The control circuit is configured to receive a first signal from the sensor; determine, at least in part, an operational vibration level of the surgical instrument based on the signal received from the sensor; determine whether the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds a predetermined threshold; and cause the piezoresistive damper to generate damped vibration, at least in part, based on the determination that the operational vibration level meets or exceeds the predetermined threshold.

[0118] Example 7 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-6, wherein the first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating member, the rotating member being configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping member. The rotating member and the damping member are coupled to a drive shaft of the motor. The drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor. The damping member and the rotating member are both positioned on the first side of the motor and configured to rotate in opposite directions. Rotation of the rotating member applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping member applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the first force, thereby reducing the net energy dissipated by the handheld device.

[0119] Example 8 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-7, wherein the first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating member, the rotating member being configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping member. The rotating member and the damping member are coupled to a drive shaft of the motor. The drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor. The damping member is positioned on the first side of the motor, and the rotating member is positioned on the second side of the motor. The rotating member and the damping member are configured to rotate in the same direction such that rotation of the rotating member applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping member applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the first force, thereby reducing the net energy dissipated by the handheld device.

[0120] Example 9 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-8, wherein the energy management system includes material disposed on at least a portion of the wall of the lumen, wherein the material is configured to dampen acoustic vibrations generated by the first drive assembly.

[0121] Example 10 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-9, wherein the material comprises at least one of the following: butyl rubber, asphalt, and acoustic damping spray or any combination thereof.

[0122] Example 11 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-10, wherein the energy management system includes geometric features disposed on at least a portion of the wall of the lumen. The geometric features are configured to dampen acoustic energy generated by the first drive assembly.

[0123] Example 12 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1-11, wherein the geometric feature includes a plurality of anechoic chambers. Each anechoic chamber includes a plurality of air cavities. The geometric feature is arranged such that air can flow between the wall of the inner cavity and at least a portion of each of the plurality of anechoic chambers.

[0124] Example 13 - An adapter assembly configured to at least partially enclose a handheld device for a surgical instrument configured for use with a plurality of interchangeable end effectors. The handheld device includes a power source and a drive assembly. The adapter assembly may include: an outer housing including a cavity configured to enclose the handheld device; and a drive interface assembly including an internal interface and an external interface, the internal interface being configured to mechanically engage the drive assembly of the handheld device, and the external interface being configured to mechanically engage the drive assemblies of the interchangeable end effectors. The adapter assembly may further include an energy management system configured to manage energy dissipated by the handheld device during use of the surgical instrument.

[0125] Example 14 - An adapter assembly according to Example 13, wherein the outer housing further includes a proximal portion and a distal portion rotatably coupled to the proximal portion via a hinge. The distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration. In the closed configuration, a sterile barrier is established around the handheld device. The energy management system includes a first heat sink coupled to the proximal portion of the outer housing. The first heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the handheld device when it is enclosed within the cavity of the adapter assembly. The adapter assembly further includes a second heat sink coupled to the outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing. The second heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the first heat sink without disrupting the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration. The mechanical contact between the first and second heat sinks forms a thermal path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

[0126] Example 15 - An adapter assembly according to any one of Examples 13 or 14, wherein the energy management system further includes: a piezoelectric fan coupled to the power source; a temperature sensor configured to generate a signal associated with the operating temperature of the handheld device; and control circuitry coupled to the power source and the energy management system. The control circuitry is configured to receive a first signal from the temperature sensor; determine a first operating temperature of the handheld device based at least in part on the first signal; determine whether the first operating temperature meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and cause the piezoelectric fan to oscillate when the first operating temperature meets or exceeds the predetermined threshold.

[0127] Example 16 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 13-15, wherein the energy management system comprises: a sensor configured to detect vibration and generate a signal associated with the vibration of the surgical instrument; a piezoresistive damper configured to generate damped vibration; and a control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system. The control circuit is configured to receive a first signal from the sensor; determine, at least in part, the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument based on the signal received from the sensor; determine whether the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds a predetermined threshold; and cause the piezoresistive damper to generate damped vibration, at least in part, based on the determination that the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds the predetermined threshold.

[0128] Example 17 - A surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 13-16, wherein the first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating member, the rotating member being configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping member. The rotating member and the damping member are coupled to a drive shaft of the motor. The drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor. The damping member and the rotating member are both positioned on the first side of the motor and configured to rotate in opposite directions. Rotation of the rotating member applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping member applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the first force, thereby reducing the net energy dissipated by the handheld device.

[0129] Example 18 - A surgical instrument comprising: a handheld device including a first drive assembly and a power source; an adapter assembly including a lumen and an energy management system, the lumen being configured to accommodate the handheld device, wherein the adapter assembly is configured to establish a sterile barrier around the handheld device, and the energy management system is configured to extract energy dissipated by the handheld device from the lumen without compromising the sterile barrier.

[0130] Example 19 - The surgical instrument according to Example 18 further includes a plurality of interchangeable end effectors. A first interchangeable end effector of the plurality of interchangeable end effectors includes a first drive interface configured for a first operating mode. A second interchangeable end effector of the plurality of interchangeable end effectors includes a second drive interface configured for a second operating mode. The first operating mode differs from the second operating mode. The surgical instrument further includes a drive interface assembly including an internal interface and an external interface, the internal interface being configured to engage the first drive assembly, and the external interface being configured to engage both the first drive interface and the second drive interface.

[0131] Example 20 - A surgical instrument according to Example 18 or 19, wherein the adapter assembly further includes a proximal portion and a distal portion rotatably coupled to the proximal portion via a hinge. The distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The energy management system includes a first heat sink coupled to the proximal portion. The first heat sink is configured to mechanically contact a handheld device. The energy management system further includes a second heat sink coupled to an outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing. The second heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the first heat sink without compromising the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration. The mechanical contact between the first and second heat sinks forms a heat conduction path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

[0132] Although several forms have been illustrated and described, the applicant does not intend to limit or restrict the scope of the appended claims to such details. Many modifications, variations, alterations, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents of these forms can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art will recognize such modifications, variations, alterations, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents. Furthermore, alternatively, the structure of each element associated with a described form can be described as a device for providing the function performed by said element. Additionally, where materials for certain components are disclosed, other materials may also be used. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing detailed descriptions and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variations that fall within the scope of the forms disclosed in this invention.

[0133] The specific embodiments described above have illustrated various forms of apparatus and / or methods using block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Wherever such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation in such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by various hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein can be equivalently implemented in an integrated circuit, wholly or partially, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as any combination thereof, and that designing circuit systems and / or writing software and / or hardware code according to this disclosure will be within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as one or more program products in various forms, and that the exemplary forms of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used for actual distribution.

[0134] Instructions used for programming logic to execute various disclosed aspects may be stored in the system's memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other memory. Furthermore, the instructions may be distributed via a network or through other computer-readable media. Therefore, machine-readable media may include any means for storing or transmitting information in a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) form, but are not limited to floppy disks, optical disks, optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic cards or optical cards, flash memory, or tangible machine-readable storage devices used for transmitting information over the Internet via electrical signals, optical signals, acoustic signals, or other forms of propagation signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals). Therefore, non-transitory computer-readable media include any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) form.

[0135] As used in any aspect of this document, the term "control circuitry" may refer to, for example, hardwired circuitry systems, programmable circuitry systems (e.g., computer processors including one or more individual instruction processing cores, processing units, processors, microcontrollers, microcontroller units, controllers, digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), state machine circuitry systems, firmware storing instructions executed by the programmable circuitry system, and any combination thereof. Control circuitry may be embodied collectively or individually as circuitry forming part of a larger system, such as integrated circuits (ICs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, or smartphones. Therefore, as used herein, "control circuit" includes, but is not limited to, electronic circuits having at least one discrete circuit, electronic circuits having at least one integrated circuit, electronic circuits having at least one application-specific integrated circuit, electronic circuits forming a general-purpose computing device constructed by a computer program (e.g., a general-purpose computer constructed by a computer program that at least partially implements the methods and / or devices described herein, or a microprocessor constructed by a computer program that at least partially implements the methods and / or devices described herein), electronic circuits forming a memory device (e.g., forming a random access memory), and / or electronic circuits forming a communication device (e.g., a modem, a communication switch, or an optoelectronic device). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein can be implemented in analog or digital modes, or some combination thereof.

[0136] As used in any aspect of this document, the term "logic" can refer to an application program, software, firmware, and / or circuit configured to perform any of the foregoing operations. Software can be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets, and / or data recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Firmware can be embodied as hard-coded (e.g., non-volatile) code, instructions, or instruction sets and / or data in a memory device.

[0137] As used in any part of this document, the terms “component,” “system,” “module,” etc., can refer to computer-related entities, hardware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.

[0138] As used in any aspect of this document, "algorithm" refers to a structured sequence of steps that leads to a desired result, where "step" refers to the manipulation of physical quantities and / or logical states, which may (but not necessarily) take the form of electrical or magnetic signals that can be stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. These signals are commonly referred to as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, etc. These and similar terms may be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities and / or states.

[0139] The network may include a packet-switched network. Communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using a selected packet-switched network communication protocol. An exemplary communication protocol may include an Ethernet communication protocol that may allow communication using Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP). The Ethernet protocol may conform to or be compatible with the Ethernet standard entitled "IEEE 802.3 Standard" published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in December 2008 and / or a higher version of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using the X.25 communication protocol. The X.25 communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with standards published by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using the Frame Relay communication protocol. The Frame Relay communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with standards published by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) and / or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, transceivers may be able to communicate with each other using the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communication protocol. The ATM communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with the ATM standard entitled "ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0" and / or a higher version of that standard, published by the ATM Forum in August 2001. Of course, this document also envisions different and / or subsequently developed connectivity-oriented network communication protocols.

[0140] Unless otherwise expressly stated in the foregoing disclosure, it is understood that in the foregoing disclosure, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “estimating,” “calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” etc., refer to the actions and processes of a computer system or similar electronic computing device that manipulate data represented as physical (electronic) quantities in the registers and memories of the computer system and convert them into other data similarly represented as physical quantities in the memory or registers of the computer system or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.

[0141] One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to be,” “configurable to be,” “operable / operationally,” “suitable / adaptable,” “capable,” “adaptable / fittable,” etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, unless the context otherwise requires, “configured to be” generally encompasses components in an active state and / or in an inactive state and / or in a standby state.

[0142] The terms "proximal" and "distal" are used herein in relation to the clinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. "Proximal" refers to the portion closest to the clinician, and "distal" refers to the portion furthest from the clinician's position. It should also be understood that, for brevity and clarity, spatial terms such as "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," and "lower" may be used in conjunction with accompanying drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and locations, and these terms are not restrictive and / or absolute.

[0143] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, the terminology used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., the text of the appended claims), is intended to be “open” terms (e.g., the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to”, the term “having” should be interpreted as “at least having”; the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to”). Those skilled in the art should also understand that if the specific number stated in the introduced claim is intended, such an intention will be explicitly stated in the claim, and if such a statement is not present, such an intention does not exist. For example, to aid understanding, the appended claims may contain provisions regarding… The use of introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce a claim. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that introducing a claim statement with the indefinite article “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such an introductory claim statement to a claim containing only one such statement, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and / or “an” should generally be interpreted as meaning “at least one” or “one or more”); this also applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce a claim statement.

[0144] Furthermore, even when a specific number of claims is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art should recognize that such a statement should generally be interpreted as referring to at least a number of claims (e.g., in the absence of other modifiers, the bare statement "two claims" generally means at least two claims, or two or more claims). Moreover, in cases where conventions such as "at least one of A, B, and C" are used, such constructions are generally intended to have a meaning that those skilled in the art will understand (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together). Those skilled in the art should also understand that, generally, unless the context otherwise indicates, transitional words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms in the embodied description, claims, or drawings should be understood to cover the possibility of including one of the terms, any one of the terms, or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will generally be understood to include the possibility of "A," "B," or "A and B."

[0145] With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations described herein can generally be performed in any order. Furthermore, although multiple operation flowcharts are presented in one or more sequences, it should be understood that the multiple operations may be performed in a different order than those shown, or that the multiple operations may be performed simultaneously. Unless the context otherwise requires, examples of such alternative orderings may include overlapping, interleaving, interruption, reordering, incremental, preparatory, supplementary, simultaneous, reverse, or other altered orderings. Moreover, unless the context otherwise requires, terms such as “in response to,” “related,” or other past tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variations.

[0146] It is worth noting that any reference to "one aspect," "one aspect," "one example," or "one example" means that the specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with said aspect is included in at least one aspect. Therefore, the phrases "in one aspect," "in one aspect," "in one example," and "in one example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more aspects in any suitable manner.

[0147] Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other public material mentioned in this specification and / or listed in any application data sheet is incorporated herein by reference, provided that the incorporated material is inconsistent with this specification. Therefore, and to the extent necessary, the disclosures expressly listed herein replace any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material or portion thereof allegedly incorporated herein by reference that conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other public materials listed herein will be incorporated only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with existing public materials.

[0148] In summary, many beneficial effects resulting from employing the concepts described herein have been described. For illustrative and descriptive purposes, one or more of the above-described embodiments have been provided. These embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise forms disclosed in the invention. Modifications or variations may be made to the invention in accordance with the teachings above. The one or more forms chosen and described are intended to illustrate the principles and practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to utilize various forms and modifications suitable for the intended particular use. The claims filed herein are intended to define the full scope.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument, comprising: A handheld device, the handheld device including an inner housing and a power source coupled to a first drive assembly having a first operating mode, wherein the power source and the first drive assembly are arranged within the inner housing; An adapter assembly including an outer housing defining an inner cavity, wherein the outer housing is configured to enclose the handheld device, and wherein the outer housing further includes: An energy management system configured to manage the energy dissipated by the handheld device; and A drive interface component, comprising an internal interface and an external interface, wherein the internal interface is configured to be mechanically coupled to the first drive component of the handheld device; and An interchangeable end effector, the interchangeable end effector including a second drive assembly, wherein the second drive assembly has a second operating mode different from the first operating mode of the first drive assembly, and wherein the second drive assembly is configured to be mechanically coupled to the external interface of the drive interface assembly. The internal interface of the drive interface component is configured to transmit motion generated by the first drive component to the external interface of the drive interface component, and the external interface of the drive interface component is configured to transmit motion of the internal interface of the drive interface component to the second drive component of the interchangeable end effector.

2. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The outer housing also includes a proximal portion and a distal portion connected to the proximal portion via a hinge, wherein the distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and in the closed configuration, a sterile barrier is established around the handheld device, and wherein the energy management system further includes: A first heat sink, coupled to the proximal portion of the outer housing, wherein the first heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the handheld device when the handheld device is enclosed within the cavity of the adapter assembly; and A second heat sink is coupled to the outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing, wherein the second heat sink is configured to interact with the first heat sink without compromising the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration, and wherein the mechanical contact between the first heat sink and the second heat sink forms a heat conduction path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

3. The surgical instrument according to claim 2, further comprising a thermal conductive paste positioned between the first heat sink and the second heat sink, wherein, The thermal paste is configured to increase the surface area of ​​the junction between the first heat sink and the second heat sink, and thus enhance the conductivity of the junction.

4. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The energy management system also includes: A piezoelectric fan, wherein the piezoelectric fan is coupled to the power source; A temperature sensor, configured to generate a signal associated with the operating temperature of the handheld device; and A control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system, wherein the control circuit is configured to: Receive a first signal from the temperature sensor; The first operating temperature of the handheld device is determined at least in part based on the first signal; Determine whether the first operating temperature meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The piezoelectric fan is oscillated when the first operating temperature is determined to meet or exceed the predetermined threshold.

5. The surgical instrument according to claim 4, wherein, The control circuit is also configured to: Receive a second signal from the temperature sensor; The second operating temperature of the handheld device is determined at least in part based on the second signal.

6. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The energy management system includes: A piezoresistive damper configured to generate damped vibrations; Sensors configured to generate signals associated with vibrations of the surgical instruments; and A control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system, wherein the control circuit is configured to: Receive a first signal from the sensor; The operational vibration level of the surgical instrument is determined at least in part based on the signal received from the sensor; Determine whether the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The piezoelectric damper generates damped vibrations at least in part based on the determination that the operating vibration level meets or exceeds the predetermined threshold.

7. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating component configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping component, wherein the rotating component and the damping component are coupled to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor, wherein the damping component and the rotating component are both positioned on the first side of the motor and configured to rotate in opposite directions, wherein rotation of the rotating component applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping component applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the direction of the first force.

8. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating component configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping component, wherein the rotating component and the damping component are coupled to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor, wherein the damping component is positioned on the first side of the motor, and the rotating component is positioned on the second side of the motor, wherein the rotating component and the damping component are configured to rotate in the same direction such that rotation of the rotating component applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping component applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the direction of the first force.

9. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The energy management system includes material disposed on at least a portion of the wall of the cavity, wherein the material is configured to dampen acoustic vibrations generated by the first drive assembly.

10. The surgical instrument according to claim 9, wherein, The material comprises at least one of the following: butyl rubber, asphalt, or any combination thereof.

11. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein, The energy management system includes geometric features disposed on at least a portion of the wall of the cavity, wherein the geometric features are configured to dampen acoustic energy generated by the first drive component.

12. The surgical instrument according to claim 11, wherein, The geometric feature includes a plurality of anechoic chambers, wherein each anechoic chamber includes a plurality of air cavities, and wherein the geometric feature is arranged such that air can flow between the wall of the inner cavity and at least a portion of each of the plurality of anechoic chambers.

13. An adapter assembly configured to at least partially enclose a handheld device constructed for use with a plurality of interchangeable end effectors of surgical instruments, wherein, The handheld device includes a power source and a drive assembly, and the adapter assembly includes: An outer housing, the outer housing including an inner cavity configured to enclose the handheld device; A drive interface assembly, comprising an internal interface and an external interface, the internal interface being configured to mechanically engage the drive assembly of the handheld device, and the external interface being configured to mechanically engage drive assemblies of interchangeable end effectors. An energy management system configured to manage the energy dissipated by the handheld device when the surgical instruments are in use.

14. The adapter assembly of claim 13, wherein, The outer housing further includes a proximal portion and a distal portion rotatably connected to the proximal portion via a hinge, wherein the distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein in the closed configuration, a sterile barrier is established around the handheld device, and wherein the energy management system includes: A first heat sink, coupled to the proximal portion of the outer housing, wherein the first heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the handheld device when the handheld device is enclosed within the cavity of the adapter assembly; and A second heat sink is coupled to the outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing, wherein the second heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the first heat sink without compromising the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration, and wherein the mechanical contact between the first heat sink and the second heat sink forms a heat conduction path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

15. The adapter assembly of claim 13, wherein, The energy management system also includes: A piezoelectric fan, wherein the piezoelectric fan is coupled to the power source; A temperature sensor, configured to generate a signal associated with the operating temperature of the handheld device; and A control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system, wherein the control circuit is configured to: Receive a first signal from the temperature sensor; The first operating temperature of the handheld device is determined at least in part based on the first signal; Determine whether the first operating temperature meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The piezoelectric fan is oscillated when the first operating temperature is determined to meet or exceed the predetermined threshold.

16. The adapter assembly of claim 13, wherein, The energy management system includes: A sensor configured to detect vibrations and generate a signal associated with the vibrations of the surgical instrument; A piezoresistive damper, the piezoresistive damper being configured to generate damped vibrations; and A control circuit coupled to the power source and the energy management system, wherein the control circuit is configured to: Receive a first signal from the sensor; The operational vibration level of the surgical instrument is determined at least in part based on the signal received from the sensor; Determine whether the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The piezoresistive damper generates damped vibrations, at least in part, based on the determination that the operational vibration level of the surgical instrument exceeds the predetermined threshold.

17. The adapter assembly of claim 13, wherein, The first drive assembly includes a drive member and a rotating component configured to engage the drive member, and the energy management system includes a damping component, wherein the rotating component and the damping component are coupled to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the drive shaft defines a first side and a second side of the motor, wherein the damping component and the rotating component are both positioned on the first side of the motor and configured to rotate in opposite directions, wherein rotation of the rotating component applies a first force to the motor, and rotation of the damping component applies a second force to the motor in a direction opposite to the direction of the first force.

18. A surgical instrument comprising: A handheld device, the handheld device including a first drive component and a power source; An adapter assembly including a cavity configured to receive a handheld device, wherein the adapter assembly is configured to establish a sterile barrier around the handheld device; and An energy management system configured to extract energy dissipated by the handheld device from the cavity without compromising the sterile barrier.

19. The surgical instrument of claim 18, further comprising: A plurality of interchangeable end effectors, wherein a first interchangeable end effector of the plurality of interchangeable end effectors includes a first drive interface configured for a first operating mode, and wherein a second interchangeable end effector of the plurality of interchangeable end effectors includes a second drive interface configured for a second operating mode, wherein the first operating mode is different from the second operating mode; and A driver interface component, the driver interface component including an internal interface configured to engage the first driver component and an external interface configured to engage the first driver interface and the second driver interface.

20. The surgical instrument according to claim 18, wherein, The adapter assembly further includes a proximal portion and a distal portion rotatably connected to the proximal portion via a hinge, wherein the distal portion is configured to move relative to the proximal portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and wherein the energy management system includes: A first heat sink, coupled to the proximal portion, wherein the first heat sink is configured for mechanical contact with the handheld device; and A second heat sink is coupled to the outer surface of the distal portion of the outer housing, wherein the second heat sink is configured to mechanically contact the first heat sink without compromising the sterile barrier when the adapter assembly is in the closed configuration, and wherein the mechanical contact between the first heat sink and the second heat sink forms a heat conduction path between the handheld device and the second heat sink.

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