Rotary valve with bypass state

Abstract

The present disclosure describes a rotary valve comprising a stator, a rotor, and a plurality of sample channels. The stator comprises a stator surface having an inlet port, an outlet port, and a plurality of selectable ports. The rotor comprises a rotor surface having a first rotor channel and a second rotor channel. The rotor is configurable in a plurality of rotor positions, each rotor position coupling the inlet port to one of the selectable ports through the first rotor channel and coupling the outlet port to another of the selectable ports through the second rotor channel. The two selectable ports are coupled to each other through one of the sample channels. The rotor has a bypass state defined by a rotor position or an angular range of rotor positions at which the inlet port is coupled to the outlet port through the second rotor channel.

Description

[0001] Related applications This application claims the benefit of the earlier filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 141,768, filed on January 26, 2021, entitled “Rotary Valve Having Bypass State,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The technology as a whole relates to a device having microfluidic channels and a rotary valve for switching between channels. More specifically, the technology relates to valves, for example, that can be used with multiple sample channel devices in a liquid chromatography system. Background Technology

[0003] Liquid chromatography systems typically consist of multiple valves interconnected by tubing to achieve a desired fluid path configuration. Numerous tubes can be connected between valves to establish the desired fluid path configuration. The connections required to link the tubing can have unsweeped volumes that can lead to entrainment and poor peak shapes. Furthermore, the large number of connections increases the chance of leakage and system contamination, and often requires significant time for manual tubing installation and connection completion.

[0004] Because of the large physical tolerances of the tube's inner diameter (ID), each tube has a volume that can differ significantly from the desired tube volume. Therefore, chromatographic results obtained with one chromatographic system can differ significantly from those obtained with a similar chromatographic system due to the tube volume variations caused by the manufacturing tolerances of the ID. For example, a valve configuration can be used to collect a segment from a first liquid chromatography system for introduction into a second-dimensional chromatographic system. Alternatively, the valve can be configured to continuously sample different volumes of the same sample into different sample loops. This configuration allows for the use of smaller sample volumes if the initial sample volume is determined to cause high-quality loading and / or detector saturation problems. In another alternative, a complex valve configuration can be used to provide the same sample to different single-dimensional chromatographic systems to collect more information about the sample than can be collected from a single chromatographic system. Each of the above valve configurations can be adversely affected by variations in tube volume and numerous tube connections that may leak and require significant system setup time.

[0005] In some specific implementations, it is desirable to provide a device that bypasses sample channels or sample loops used for storing large quantities of samples. One approach is to use a channel that would otherwise be a sample channel as a bypass channel, such that fluid received at the inlet port of a rotary valve is routed via the bypass channel to the outlet port of the rotary valve; however, such an operation limits the number of channels available for storing samples. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, a rotary valve is disclosed, comprising a stator, a plurality of sample channels, and a rotor. The stator includes a stator surface having an inlet port, an outlet port, and a plurality of selectable ports. Each sample channel is connected to one port of the selectable ports to another port of the selectable ports. The rotor includes a rotor surface adjacent to the stator surface. The rotor surface has a first rotor channel and a second rotor channel defined therein. The rotor has a plurality of rotor positions in which the first rotor channel connects the inlet port to one port of the selectable ports located at one end of one of the sample channels, and the second rotor channel connects the outlet port to another port of the selectable ports located at an opposite end of the one sample channel. The rotor has a bypass rotor position in which the inlet port is connected to the outlet port via the second rotor channel, and the first rotor channel is not connected to the inlet port, the outlet port, or the selectable ports.

[0007] For each sample channel, the optional port connected at the end of each sample channel can be radially opposite each other on the stator surface relative to the rotor axis of rotation and can be set at equally spaced angular positions relative to the rotor axis of rotation.

[0008] The location of the bypass rotor can be limited to an angular range relative to the rotor's axis of rotation. The outlet port can be arranged along the rotor's axis of rotation.

[0009] The first rotor channel may include an arcuate portion having a center of curvature on the rotor's axis of rotation.

[0010] Each sample channel may include a tube. The stator surface may be defined on a diffusion-bonded body, and the sample channel may be defined by internal channels within the diffusion-bonded body. The internal channels may be defined in different layers of the diffusion-bonded body.

[0011] The second rotor channel can define a fluid path from the rotor rotation axis to a circular location on which the selectable stator port is disposed, the circle being concentric with the rotor rotation axis. The second rotor channel may include multiple straight sections. The second rotor channel may include arcuate sections and straight sections, wherein the arcuate section has a second end and a first end located at the rotor rotation axis, and the straight sections extend from the second end to the circle. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The above and other advantages of the present invention can be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals indicate the same elements and features in each drawing. For clarity, not every element is labeled in every drawing. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention.

[0013] Figure 1A This is a top view of the implementation scheme for the main body of the stator.

[0014] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A sectional side view of the stator body.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a diagram of a multi-valve array used to collect samples from a chromatographic system in the first chromatographic dimension for introduction into a second chromatographic system in the second chromatographic dimension.

[0016] Figure 3A This is a top view of an example stator body that can be used as part of a multi-valve array instead of... Figure 2 Multi-valve array.

[0017] Figure 3B It shows Figure 3A The stator body; however, the body material is depicted as transparent, making the internal fluid channels visible.

[0018] Figure 3C yes Figure 3B A perspective view of the transparent stator body, depicting the four discrete layers used in the diffusion bonding process to manufacture the stator body.

[0019] Figure 4A This is a top view of an example stator body that can be used in a multi-valve array for collecting samples of different volumes for chromatographic injection.

[0020] Figure 4B yes Figure 4A A transparent top view of the stator body.

[0021] Figure 4C yes Figure 4A A transparent bottom perspective view of the stator body.

[0022] Figure 4D yes Figure 4B A magnified view of the central part.

[0023] Figure 5A This is a top view of another example of a stator body that can be used in a multi-system injector array.

[0024] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A transparent top view of the stator body.

[0025] Figure 5C yes Figure 5A A transparent bottom perspective view of the stator body.

[0026] Figure 5D yes Figure 5BA magnified view of the central part.

[0027] Figure 6A This is a top front perspective view of an example of a multi-valve array.

[0028] Figure 6B yes Figure 6A Top perspective rear view of an example of a multi-valve array.

[0029] Figure 7 It is used for Figure 6A and Figure 6B Installation components for multi-valve arrays.

[0030] Figure 8A It is used for Figure 7 A perspective view of an example retainer element of the mounting components.

[0031] Figure 8B yes Figure 8A Side view of the retainer element.

[0032] Figure 8C yes Figure 8A A top view of the retainer element.

[0033] Figure 9A yes Figure 3B Top sectional view of the right side of the stator body.

[0034] Figure 9B It is shown to Figure 9A A sectional side view of a portion of the stator body.

[0035] Figure 10A This is a sectional side view of a portion of another embodiment of the stator body.

[0036] Figure 10B yes Figure 10A A top sectional view of a large portion of the stator body.

[0037] Figures 11A to 11H It is a diagram depicting the rotor configuration relative to the stator for eight different rotor positions of a rotary valve.

[0038] Figure 12 yes Figure 11A A magnified view of the ports and rotor channels. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this teaching. References to a particular embodiment within this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0040] In short, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to multi-channel fluid devices, such as stator arrays, which include at least one stator surface, and to mounting assemblies for the stator array. Each stator surface is configured to engage and seal against a rotor surface of a corresponding rotary valve. Each stator surface includes a stator port for communication with a rotor port. In some embodiments, at least one fluid channel is present within the stator body that connects a stator port on one stator surface (i.e., a stator “face”) to a stator port on another stator surface.

[0041] Stator arrays eliminate the need for numerous tubes providing fluid connections between two or more rotary valves. Instead, stator ports on different stator surfaces are internally connected to each other within a single block of stator surfaces that include the rotary valves. By eliminating most of the tubular connections, the array is more robust, and leaks and potential contamination points are significantly reduced. Furthermore, band dispersion and peak tailing are also reduced because the volume associated with tubular connectors is eliminated. The block can be fabricated from individual material layers using diffusion bonding technology. The use of a stator body reduces the complexity and time required to set up various chromatographic instrument configurations, as most fluid connections are housed within the stator array block. Multi-valve arrays can be used in a variety of applications, including, for example, improving the accuracy and precision of loop-to-loop volumetric analysis of sample collection for introduction into a second chromatographic dimension. Additionally, stator arrays offer improved volumetric characteristics of internal sample channels compared to conventional external sample loops.

[0042] Other embodiments described herein relate to rotary valves with a bypass configuration. The rotary valve may include multiple sample channels coupled to its ports. With conventional rotary valves, one sample channel may be sacrificed to serve as a bypass channel, allowing fluid to bypass the other channels. Such bypass channels can significantly increase operating time due to channel volume. In the various embodiments of the rotary valve described below, no sample channel is sacrificed, and the delay volume is significantly smaller than the delay volume of the sample channels when in bypass mode.

[0043] The teachings will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the teachings have been described in conjunction with various embodiments and examples, they are not intended to be limited to such embodiments. In contrast, the teachings encompass various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Those of ordinary skill who have access to the teachings herein will recognize additional implementations, modifications, and embodiments, as well as other areas of use, within the scope of this disclosure.

[0044] The embodiments described below include the use of a multi-valve array in which two or more rotary valves share a stator body (i.e., a stator “block”) including stator surfaces for each valve. For example, the rotary valves may be rotary shear-sealed valves, where each valve has a rotor surface parallel to and in contact with one of the stator surfaces. Each rotor surface is configured to rotate about an axis orthogonal to the rotor surface and the corresponding stator surface on the stator block during valve switching to re-establish connectivity of the fluid flow path coupled to the valve. In some examples, multiple sample loops in the multi-valve array can be used for the process of acquiring sample slices from chromatographic peaks in the eluent of a first-dimensional chromatographic system and subsequently introducing those sample slices into a second-dimensional chromatographic system. For example, multiple slices of a peak can be acquired if there is a possibility that the sample composition across peaks is not constant. In other examples, multiple sample loops with different volumes within the block can be loaded with sample, potentially eliminating the need for partial loading of sample loops with larger volumes.

[0045] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A top view and a sectional side view of an embodiment of a stator body 10 are shown, the stator body having a first stator surface 12 and a second stator surface 14. When assembled into a rotary valve array, each stator surface engages the rotor surface of the corresponding actuator portion of the rotary valve. In the figures, only two stator ports 16 and 18 are indicated on each stator surface 12 and 14, respectively. A set of stator ports 16A and 18A are disposed at the end of a fluid passage 20 extending between the two stator surfaces 12 and 14. The fluid passage 20... Figure 1A The stator is shown in dashed lines because it is located inside the stator body 10. Other stator ports 16B and 18B are located at one end of fluid passages 22 and 24, respectively, which terminate at their other ends at external ports 26 and 28, located on the outer surface 30 of the stator body. External ports 26 and 28 can be configured to connect to pipes or other forms of external passages using fittings at the ends of, for example, tubing. Although stator surfaces 12 and 14 are depicted as two regions protruding above the outer surface 30, in other embodiments, the outer surface 30 may be at a similar or greater height, provided that there is a gap between stator surfaces 12 and 14 and adjacent regions of the outer surface 30, allowing the rotary valve to operate correctly without interfering with each other. The minimum gap between stator surfaces 12 and 14 may be limited by the dimensions of the upper section of the rotary valve, which includes the actuator portion and rotor and is secured to the stator body 10 using bolts or other attachments.

[0046] In other embodiments, more complex fluid channel paths may be used in conjunction with a greater number of internal fluid channels and / or external ports on the outer surface of the stator body. In other examples, a greater number of stator surfaces may be present to accommodate a greater number of rotary valves. In some embodiments, the fluid channels are microfluidic channels. For example, the fluid channels may have a volume of a few microliters or less.

[0047] The stator body 10 can be manufactured as a single plate using a solid-state diffusion bonding process, in which two or more parallel layers of material are bonded together. The layers are forced against each other under pressure at a high temperature (e.g., in the range of about 50% to 90% of the absolute melting point of the material) for a duration ranging from several minutes to several hours. The pressure and temperature are then reduced before repeating one or more additional cycles at the high temperature and pressure. Examples of materials used to form the diffusion-bonded stator body include titanium, stainless steel, and various types of ceramics and polymers.

[0048] A diffusion bonding process can be performed, wherein one or more layers have channels formed along the surfaces of adjacent surfaces that will abut adjacent layers. These internal or “embedded” channels, together with vertical channels formed at their ends, define fluid channels for conveying fluid between inlets and outlets on the outer surface 30 of the rotor and stator body 10. Depending on the number of layers, a large number of fluid channels can be formed in the stator body 10. In some embodiments, the fluid channels are defined at different depths between different layers, such that some fluid channels may cross above or below other fluid channels to avoid interfering with and allow for the complex fluid passage configuration.

[0049] When performing two-dimensional chromatography using a conventional rotary valve, external tubing is typically used for the sample loops. Each tube requires a connection to a rotary valve at each end. Generally, it is desirable for each sample loop to maintain the same volume of liquid as the other sample loops. For small sample volumes, the tubing length can be reduced; however, there are fundamental limitations to reducing length because the tubing needs to be bridged between its connection ports on the valve. The inner diameter (ID) of the tubing can be reduced to achieve a smaller sample loop volume. However, due to manufacturing tolerances of ID, the percentage change in the expected sample loop volume becomes increasingly larger as ID gradually decreases.

[0050] Table 1 lists the nominal volume, minimum volume, and maximum volume associated with different external sample ring IDs and lengths, based on different manufacturing tolerances for ID and length. It can be seen that the maximum percentage change in volume is associated with the minimum sample ring volume. Table 1 . In contrast, Table 2 shows the results of experiments with diffusion binders (such as those that can be formed in diffusion binders). Figure 1A and Figure 1B The nominal, minimum, and maximum volumes associated with the different sample rings in the stator body 10 are described. Smaller manufacturing tolerances in ID and length result in significantly better control over the volume of the smaller sample rings. Therefore, the diffusion-bonded stator body can have a smaller sample volume than that achievable with external sample rings, while also offering the added advantage of more accurate volume control. Table 2 . Figure 2 A multi-valve array is illustrated for acquiring samples from a chromatographic system in a first chromatographic dimension and introducing these samples into a second chromatographic system in a second chromatographic dimension. The configuration includes a first rotary valve 40 having eight fluid connections 40-1 to 40-8, a second rotary valve 42 associated with the first-dimensional chromatographic system and having fourteen fluid connections 42-1 to 42-14, and a third rotary valve 44 associated with the second-dimensional chromatographic system and having fourteen fluid connections 44-1 to 44-14.

[0051] The multi-valve array is shown in one configuration where the system flow from the first-dimensional chromatographic system is received at port 40-1 and discharged through port 40-2 to the second valve 42. In this configuration, the system flow may contain chromatographic peaks such that the sample in the peak is loaded into an outer sample loop 43-1, which is one of six effective outer sample loops 43-1 to 43-6. Alternatively, the second valve 42 can be switched such that only a portion of the sample in the peak is loaded into the outer sample loop 43-1, allowing another portion of the sample to be loaded into a different sample loop 43. The liquid discharged from the outer sample loop 43 flows back to the first valve 40 at port 40-3 and is then discharged as waste through port 40-4. The second valve 42 can be switched at different times corresponding to the presence of different chromatographic peaks, allowing a series of samples from the peak or a sample slice from a single peak to be stored in the outer sample loop 43.

[0052] The second-dimensional system flow upstream of the column is received at port 40-5 of the first valve and flows from port 40-6 to the third valve 44, entering one of the six external sample loops 45-1 to 45-6, which can hold the sample for introduction into the second-dimensional chromatographic system. The system flow displaces the sample stored in external sample loop 45-1, which is part of the effective flow path, according to the current state of the third valve 44. The displaced sample is received at port 40-7 of the first valve 40 and discharged at port 40-8 to flow into the column of the second chromatographic system. The third valve 44 can be switched to introduce another of the stored samples from other external sample loops 45 into the second chromatographic system.

[0053] The multi-valve array can be reconfigured so that the second valve 42 and the third valve 44 operate in a complementary state, opposite to that shown in the figure, by reconfiguring the state of the first valve 40. In the complementary configuration, the system flow from the first-dimensional chromatographic system is received at the third valve 44, which is used to sample the chromatographic peak or a portion of the peak from the first chromatographic system. The system flow from the second dimension is now managed by the second valve 42, which operates to inject the sample previously stored in its outer sample loop 43 into the flow of the second-dimensional column.

[0054] To accommodate the fluid paths in the illustrated multi-valve array, the first valve 40 uses eight fluid connections, and each of the second valve 42 and the third valve 44 uses 14 fluid connections, for a total of 36 fluid connections. Typically, these connections are made using compression screws and sleeves. The large number of fluid connections results in a significant chance of leakage from at least one fluid connection.

[0055] Figure 3A A top view of an example of a stator body 60 is shown, which can be used as an alternative. Figure 2 This is part of a multi-valve array shown. As described below with respect to the accompanying drawings, the top side of the stator body 60 (and other stator bodies described below) includes a side containing a port for coupling to an external conduit, and the bottom side includes a stator surface to engage the rotor surface of the rotary valve actuator. Figure 3B It is similar to Figure 3A A view of the stator body 60; however, the material is depicted as transparent, making the internal fluid channels visible. Figure 3C yes Figure 3B The diagram shows a perspective view of the transparent stator body 60; however, four layers 64-1 to 64-4 are depicted for the diffusion bonding process. It should be understood that at the end of the diffusion bonding process, the discrete layers 64 are indistinguishable within the stator body 60. The description of the stator body 60 provided below references [reference needed]. Figures 3A to 3C All views presented in the middle.

[0056] The stator body 60 includes four ports (ports 62-1 to 62-4), which are functionally similar to Figure 2 Some ports of the first rotary valve 40 shown. Specifically, port 62-1 corresponds to port 40-1, port 62-2 corresponds to port 40-4, port 62-3 corresponds to port 40-5, and port 62-4 corresponds to port 40-8.

[0057] The stator body 60 includes three stator surfaces 66, 68, and 70, each stator surface having multiple stator ports. The stator surfaces 66, 68, and 70 are disposed on opposite sides (bottom sides) of the body 60, forming four ports 62, as shown by... Figure 3A As shown by the dashed circle in the diagram. When used as part of a two-dimensional chromatography system, one port of port 62-1 is in fluid communication with the eluent from the column in the first-dimensional chromatography system, and another port 62-2 is an outlet port connected to the waste path. The third port 62-3 receives the system flow of the second-dimensional chromatography system upstream of the second-dimensional column, and the fourth port 62-4 is an outlet port providing system flow to the inlet of the second-dimensional column.

[0058] Ports 62-1 to 62-4 are in fluid communication with the center stator surface 66 via inlet fluid channels or outlet fluid channels 72-1 to 72-4, respectively. The center stator surface 66 is also in fluid communication with the stator surface 68 via fluid channels 74 and 76, and with the stator surface 70 via fluid channels 78 and 80.

[0059] The stator body 60 includes two sets of internal sample channels. One set includes six sample channels 82-1 to 82-6 associated with stator surface 68, and the other set includes six sample channels 84-1 to 84-6 associated with stator surface 70. Each sample channel 82, 84 includes two radial channel segments formed at the depth corresponding to the interface of layers 64-1 and 64-2. A first end of each radial channel segment is connected to the corresponding stator surface in stator surface 68 or 70 via a vertical channel segment. A second end of each radial channel segment is connected to one end (part of the circumferential path) of an arcuate channel segment via a short vertical path. The arcuate channel segment is formed at the depth corresponding to the interface of layers 64-2 and 64-3. Therefore, the entire path of the sample channel is defined by the two radial channel segments, the arcuate channel segment, the two vertical channel segments to the two associated stator ports, and the two additional vertical channel segments connecting the arcuate segment to the two radial segments.

[0060] All sample channels 82 and 84 are manufactured to tight tolerances, for example, as listed in Table 2. Therefore, the sample channels exhibit better volumetric accuracy than conventional external sample loops. Each of sample channels 82 and 84 can be formed from channel segments with precisely controlled length, width, and depth, such that each sample channel can be manufactured such that its volume is substantially equal to the volumes of the other sample channels. As used herein with respect to volume, "equal to" and "substantially equal to" mean that the volume may vary, for example, due to manufacturing tolerances; however, such differences are small enough to produce negligible variations in chromatographic measurements. The inter-channel sample volume accuracy can be + / - 1%, an accuracy not achievable with external sample loops of typical commercially available tubular tubing used in tubular HPLC systems. Therefore, for a sample fully loaded with each of the sample channels, the chromatographic measurements are substantially identical regardless of which sample channels are used for sample injection.

[0061] To avoid interference between the flow channels, fluid channels are formed at different interfaces of the four layers 64. For example, the lengths (i.e., non-vertical sections) of fluid channels 72, 74, 76, 78, and 80 may be formed at the interfaces of layers 64-3 and 64-4. In alternative embodiments, the number of layers may vary. For example, for more complex multi-valve arrangements with additional stator surfaces, sample channels, and / or external ports, additional layers may be used to accommodate a more complex fluid channel layout. Each fluid channel typically includes a short vertical section at its end to connect it to a port on one of the stator surfaces or one of the external ports 62. Furthermore, each sample channel also includes a vertical section extending from one end of the arcuate section through the intervening layer to one end of the radial section. For example, the vertical section may be formed by drilling through one or more layers before the layers are diffusely bonded together.

[0062] During operation, the first-dimensional system flow is received at port 62-1, flows through fluid channel 72-1 to the central stator surface 66, and is recovered from the stator body 60 as waste via fluid channel 72-2 and port 62-2. The left valve is controlled such that, when a sample is detected or otherwise known to be present in the first-dimensional system flow, the first-dimensional system flow is directed to a sample channel in sample channel 82 for sample loading (e.g., peak slicing); otherwise, the system flow is discharged as waste. The right valve is controlled such that the second-dimensional system flow through fluid channel 72-3 is directed to a sample channel in sample channel 84 to replace the contained sample with system flow directed towards the second-dimensional column. Thus, the left and right valves can be operated separately to load a sample in the first chromatographic dimension and introduce a sample into the second chromatographic dimension. The central valve can be switched to change which set of sample channels 82 or 84 is used to acquire the first-dimensional sample and to introduce the previously acquired first-dimensional sample into the second-dimensional system flow.

[0063] The above text is about Figures 3A to 3C In the described implementation, each group has six sample channels. It should be appreciated that in alternative implementations, the number of sample channels per group may be as few as one or any other number of sample channels that can be adapted to the physical size of the device and the layout of the fluid channels.

[0064] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C The images show a top view, a transparent top view, and a transparent top perspective view, respectively, of an example stator body 90, which can be used as part of a multi-valve array for collecting samples of different volumes for chromatographic injection. Some orifices 92 and 94 are... Figure 4B and Figure 4C Not shown in the figure, to improve the clarity of the remaining features in the figure. Figure 4D yes Figure 4B An enlarged view of the central portion is shown, illustrating how the various internal fluid channels terminate at one of the stator ports 96-1 to 96-6. A mixed arc and serpentine layout of the fluid channels connecting stator ports 96-3 and 96-6 is also shown.

[0065] As described above, the stator body 90 can be manufactured using a diffusion bonding process, allowing multiple fluid channels to be formed within the body 90. As a non-limiting example of materials, the stator body 90 can be made of one or more of titanium, stainless steel, and various types of ceramic materials and polymers.

[0066] The stator body 90 includes bolt holes 92 and alignment pin holes 94 for attaching each of the three rotary valve actuators and the rotor to the corresponding stator surface. Six ports (ports 102-1 to 102-6) are provided to conduct liquid to or from the stator body 90. Specifically, port 102-1 is located at one end of the chromatographic system inlet channel and is configured to receive the system flow (mobile phase) of the chromatographic system, and port 102-2 is located at one end of the chromatographic system outlet channel and is configured to provide an outlet for the system flow. Ports 102-3 and 102-4 are sample inlet and outlet ports, respectively, containing liquid flows of samples to be loaded into the three different sample channels. Ports 102-5 and 102-6 allow an external sample ring to be coupled to the stator body 90. In an alternative embodiment, one or more additional ports may be present for coupling to an additional external sample ring, or ports 102-5 and 102-6 may be omitted.

[0067] Multiple internal fluid channels within the stator body 90 enable multi-valve arrays to achieve performance improvements relative to typical valve configurations using only an external sample ring. For example, this reduces the unswept volume of the connection necessary for the external coupling, and thus also reduces entrainment and cross-contamination. The sample channels formed within the stator body 90 achieve dimensional and volumetric accuracy unattainable with external sample rings. Therefore, multiple internal sample channels of varying volumes can be used instead of seeking partial filling of the external sample ring, as the combined volume of the internal sample channels and any external sample ring can cover a larger volume range than could be covered using partial sample ring filling. Table 3 shows the nominal, minimum, and maximum volumes associated with 1.0 µl and 2.0 µl sample channels that can be formed in a diffusion-bonded substrate, such as the stator body 90 shown. Smaller manufacturing tolerances in ID and length result in significantly better control over the volume of smaller sample channels. Therefore, the diffusion-bonded stator body maintains a smaller sample volume than external sample rings, with the added benefit of more accurate volume control. Regardless, the stator body 90 still allows partial ring filling for external sample rings (e.g., sample rings connected at ports 102-5 and 102-6) or large-volume internal sample channels. Table 3. A multi-valve array, configured with the stator body 90 shown, can be used as a sampling interface between the extraction system and the chromatography system to perform online extraction analysis, thereby allowing for optimization of the extraction process. The array allows for the acquisition of a sample at once and its storage in different volumes for subsequent injections. As the extraction solvent passes through the multi-valve array, the extractant is sampled by guiding it through one or more of the internal sample channels or external sample loops connected in series with the chromatography system. The ability to select different volumes associated with the internal sample channels and any external sample loops can be used to address the amount of analyte in the extracted sample and the dynamic range of the chromatographic detector. More specifically, for quantitative or qualitative comparison of the analyte extracted from the sample, the signal from the chromatographic detector should be within the detector's linear range. The multi-valve array can be used to acquire samples into multiple internal sample channels and external sample loops of different volumes. This allows the operator to select a sample channel or loop with an appropriate volume to generate a signal within the detector's linear range. For example, if a previous sample injected from one of the sample channels or loops results in a "off-specification" detector signal, a sample stored in a smaller volume of the internal sample channel or external loop can be injected. Alternatively, if previous samples result in a detector response that is too small, samples stored in a larger volume internal sample channel or outer ring can be injected.

[0068] Multi-valve arrays can be configured with sample channels and rings of different sizes to suit different application modes. As a non-limiting example, arrays for small molecule applications may include 10 nL internal sample channels, 100 nL internal sample channels, and 1.0 µL external sample rings, while arrays for macromolecule applications may include 1.0 µL, 5.0 µL, and 20.0 µL external sample rings.

[0069] Figure 5A These are, respectively, a top view, a transparent top view, and a transparent top perspective view of an example stator body 100 that can be used as part of a multi-system injector array. The transparent view shows the body material is transparent, making the internal fluid channels and features visible. Some holes 102 and 104 are... Figure 5B and Figure 5C Not shown in the figure, to improve the clarity of the remaining features in the figure. Figure 5D yes Figure 5B An enlarged view of the central portion shows how the internal fluid passage terminates at one of the stator ports 106-1 to 106-6. The fluid passage 108 connecting stator ports 106-3 and 106-6 has a serpentine arc path.

[0070] Multi-system injector arrays can be used to acquire individual volumes of sample for introduction into multiple chromatographic systems. For example, a sample can be acquired from a process pipeline and stored in a separate volume. This allows for analysis of the sample through different chromatographic systems, enabling the acquisition of multi-attribute information (e.g., information about the sample that cannot be obtained through a single chromatographic system).

[0071] The stator body 100 can be manufactured using diffusion bonding processes, as described above. The stator body 100 includes bolt holes 102 and alignment pin holes 104 for attaching each of the three rotary valve actuators and the rotor to the corresponding stator surface. The stator body 100 includes ten external ports. Ports 112-1 and 112-2 are the inlet and outlet sample ports, respectively. Ports 112-3, 112-4, and 112-5 are the inlet ports for receiving system flow (mobile phase) from the first, second, and third chromatographic systems, respectively. Ports 112-6, 112-7, and 112-8 are outlet ports for connection to tubing that supplies system flow to the chromatographic columns of the first, second, and third chromatographic systems. In an alternative embodiment, the number of inlet and outlet ports may vary depending on the number of chromatographic systems used for analysis.

[0072] The stator body 100 includes multiple internal fluid channels that provide advantages similar to those of the embodiments described above. Generally, a single sample is loaded into multiple internal sample channels and / or external sample rings in a continuous sequence. In the illustrated embodiment, the sample can be loaded into three storage volumes: an external sample ring coupled to the stator body 100 at ports 114-1 and 114-2, an internal sample channel 116 formed below the stator surface by a central valve, and an internal sample channel 118 formed below the right stator surface. Once the sample is stored in the external sample ring, the left rotary valve can be switched to inject the sample into the mobile phase of the first chromatographic system. Similarly, once the sample is stored in the internal sample channels 108 and 118, the central rotary valve and the right rotary valve can be switched to inject the sample into the mobile phases of the second and third chromatographic systems, respectively.

[0073] Figure 6A and Figure 6BThe figures shown are, respectively, top rear view and top front view of an example of a multi-valve array 130, which includes a stator body 132, such as those in the examples described above. The multi-valve array 130 also includes three rotary shear sealing valve chambers 134, which are secured to the stator body 132 by bolts 136 that engage threaded holes 137 in flanges 138 on each valve chamber 134. In these and subsequent figures, “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D,” used with reference numerals, indicate the correspondence between other shown components and valve chambers 134A, 134B, 134C, and 134D, respectively. Internal components of each valve chamber 134, such as clover springs, result in the application of force to hold each rotor surface against a corresponding stator surface on the stator body 132. The complete rotary shear sealing valve includes chamber 134 and a valve actuator (not shown). The valve actuator has a rotatable drive shaft with features (e.g., alignment pins of different diameters) to engage the top end 139 of a chamber 134 in a specific rotational orientation, the chamber being coupled to a chamber shaft that rotates the rotor surface. The valve actuator includes a motor and a gearbox mechanically coupled to the drive shaft.

[0074] In conventional rotary shear-sealed valves, one or more screws or bolts are typically used to secure the valve housing to the valve actuator to maintain engagement between the valve actuator and the valve housing. In the example shown, the stator body 132 does not allow the use of screws or bolts for this purpose because the associated through-holes in the stator body 132 could interfere with internal fluid passages.

[0075] Figure 7 A mounting assembly 150 is shown that can be used with a multi-valve array to ensure proper engagement of valve actuator 152 with valve chamber 134. Only two complete rotary shear seal valves are shown in the figure, making various features of the mounting assembly 150 visible. A third valve chamber 134C, without a corresponding valve actuator, is shown attached to the stator body 132 and is visible to the right of the other two valve chambers 134A and 134B. The unoccupied space of a fourth rotary shear seal valve, independent of the stator body 132, is visible to the right of the third valve chamber 134C.

[0076] Mounting assembly 150 includes a mounting frame having a front wall 154, a rear wall 156 opposite the front wall 154, and four side walls 158. The front wall 154 has four openings 159 (only one unoccupied), each configured to pass through a portion of one of the valve chambers 134. The side walls 158 extend vertically between the front wall 154 and the rear wall 156. Each side wall 158 has a slot 160 extending along a portion of its length between the front wall 154 and the rear wall 156. In the figures, the rear wall 156 and side walls 158 are formed as a single element attached to a rack or tray 161 that includes the front wall 154; however, in other examples, walls 154, 156, and 158 may be separate wall structures, or may be configured such that two or more walls are integrally formed.

[0077] A spring element (not shown) is disposed on or against the inner surface of the rear wall 156 at a position opposite to one of the openings in the front wall 154. As a non-limiting example, the spring element may be a compression spring or other force-deformable element, such as a pneumatic, magnetic, or electromagnetic element. When one of the valve positions in the mounting assembly 150 is occupied by the valve chamber 134 and the valve actuator 152, the spring element is compressed between the rear end of the valve actuator 152 and the rear wall 156. The spring element pushes the valve actuator 152 forward (i.e., in a direction away from the rear wall 156 and toward the front wall 154), which in turn holds the valve actuator 152 engaged with the corresponding valve chamber 134 and pushes the valve chamber 134 forward toward the front wall 154. A pair of guide screws (not shown) extending from a threaded hole 162 on one side of the valve actuator 152 engage a slot 160 in the adjacent side wall 158. Each valve actuator 152 is used with only one slot 160. More specifically, although sidewall 154B is also adjacent, valve actuator 152A is used with a slot in sidewall 154A. Valve actuator 152B is used with a slot in sidewall 154B, and slots 160 in sidewalls 154C and 154D can be used for two additional valve actuators (not shown). During assembly, each valve actuator 152 is substantially limited by its slot 160 and engagement screw to move in a direction parallel to the length of the slot, i.e., in a direction parallel to the valve chamber axis and the valve actuator axis. The screw can be a shouldered screw. For example, each screw may have an unthreaded portion along a length below the screw head, where the screw passes through the slot 160, and the unthreaded length is greater than the thickness of sidewall 154. This configuration allows valve actuator 152 to move along a linear path when engaging valve chamber 134. The slit 160 can be sized such that its vertical dimension is a certain amount larger than the diameter of the unthreaded portion of the screw, which provides a small vertical clearance to allow the valve chamber 134 to engage more easily with the valve actuator 152.

[0078] The retainer element 164 is used to secure the stator body 132 against the front (outer) surface of the front wall 154 when the spring element is compressed. In some examples, the retainer element 164 is a flexible member extending away from the front wall 154 and that can be pushed downward. When released, the retainer element 164 moves toward its original position.

[0079] During assembly, the valve actuator 152 is positioned in place with respect to its adjacent sidewall 158 and spring element. The retainer element 164 is pushed downwards such that the stator body 132 and its attached valve chambers 134 are positioned such that a portion of each valve chamber 134 extends through a corresponding opening 159 in the front wall 154 and engages the valve actuator 152. The retainer element 164 is then released, moving it toward its original position and contacting the bottom surface 165 of the stator body 132. The retainer element 164 applies force to the stator body 132 such that its top surface 167 contacts the front wall 154, while the spring element forces the valve actuator 152 to engage the valve chamber 134. In this way, the stator body 132, valve actuator 152, and valve chamber 134 are securely held in their proper operating positions.

[0080] In one example, retainer element 164 is an elastic clamp formed of an elastic material and respectively in... Figure 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8C The perspective, side, and top views provided are shown in more detail. The retainer element 164 can be attached to the mounting assembly by two screws. Each screw passes through an elongated opening 166 and engages a threaded hole on the underside of the front wall 154. Before tightening the screws, the retainer element 164 is adjusted to the desired position by sliding it along the length of the opening 166. During installation, the leading edge 168 is continuously pressed downwards so that the stator body 132 passes through and abuts against the front wall 154 and is placed in place. Once in place, the leading edge 168 is released so that the retainer element 164 returns to approximately its original shape, and the engaging edge 170 contacts and applies force to the front surface of the stator body 132.

[0081] In alternative examples, the retainer element may take any of a variety of other forms. The size and shape of the retainer element vary and are determined based on the desired force applied to the contact area. In other examples, two or more retainer elements are used to apply force to the stator body 132 at multiple locations. Other means for applying retaining force to the stator body 132 may be used. For example, one or more clamping or friction devices may be used. Alternatively, a deformable material, such as a deformable polymer, may be used.

[0082] The examples of the mounting components described above are adaptable to various examples of stator bodies. Advantageously, the mounting components provide a quick and reliable means of securing the stator body so that the attached valve chamber properly engages its valve actuator without tools or any complicated alignment procedures. Similarly, it is easy to remove the stator body and its attached valve chamber from the mounting components.

[0083] In alternative examples, various types of adapters can be used with valve actuators and are configured for use as described above. For example, a valve actuator manufactured for use with different types of valve chambers can be used with an adapter to engage and properly align with the internal components of the valve chamber.

[0084] The arrangement of the stator surfaces and valve compartments is not limited to those described above. In other alternative examples, the multi-valve array may include a stator array having stator surfaces for only two valve compartments, or the stator array may have multiple stator surfaces sufficient to allow attachment of four or more valve compartments. Furthermore, the multi-valve array may be a two-dimensional array. For example, the array may be an arrangement of two or more rows, with each row comprising two or more valves. Alternatively, the stator body may be configured for other two-dimensional array configurations, such as a triangular arrangement of valves.

[0085] See you again Figure 3B and Figure 3C As can be seen, the individual internal sample channels 82 and 84 in the stator body 60 include an arcuate channel segment extending 180° around its center of curvature and radial channel segments extending from each end of the arcuate channel segment. The radial channel segments are formed at the interface of layers 64-1 and 64-2, wherein the first end of each radial channel segment is connected to the corresponding stator surface in stator surface 68 or 70 via an orthogonal (vertical) channel segment, and the second end of each radial channel segment is connected to one end of the arcuate channel segment via a short vertical direct current path. The arcuate channel segments are formed at the interface of layers 64-2 and 64-3. Although the total path length of each sample channel 82 and 84 is defined by the lengths of the two radial channel segments, the arcuate channel segment, and the vertical channel segment, the total volume of each sample channel is primarily determined by the length of its arcuate channel segment.

[0086] All twelve sample channels 82 and 84 are designed to have the same volume, for example, 25 µL. Because the length of each arcuate channel segment increases with the radius of curvature, if the depth and width of the arcuate channel segments are the same, the arcuate channel segment with the larger radius of curvature will have a correspondingly larger volume.

[0087] Figure 9A It is the stator body 60 ( Figure 3B A top sectional view of the right side portion at the interface between layers 64-1 and 64-2, and Figure 9B It is along Figure 9A The image shows a cross-sectional side view along the dashed line 85. Each sample channel 82 includes an arcuate channel segment 86 and radial channel segments 87, 88, which connect each end of the arcuate channel segment 86 to a short vertical channel leading to a corresponding port on the stator surface. Fluid channels 89-1 and 89-2 conduct solvent and / or sample to or from the sample channel 82. The specific sample channel 82 connected to the fluid channel 89 is determined by the valve state of the rotary valve.

[0088] The depth of each arcuate channel segment 86 below the outer surface of the device differs from the depth of the other arcuate channel segments 86. Channel segment 86-1, with the smallest radius of curvature (defined as its distance from the center of curvature 83), has the largest depth, while each channel segment 86 with a larger radius of curvature has a decreasing depth, such that channel segment 86-6, with the largest radius of curvature, has the smallest depth. Depth is used as a controlled construction variable to ensure that all arcuate channel segments 82 have the same segment volume.

[0089] One drawback of the varying depths of the arcuate channel segments 86 is that each channel segment 86 exhibits different flow characteristics. Generally, longer channels with smaller diameters have lower dispersibility compared to shorter channels with larger diameters. Due to the varying lengths and depths of the channel segments 86, the dispersibility of each channel typically differs. Such differences lead to variations in chromatographic measurements based on which sample channel 82 is utilized.

[0090] Figure 10A It is presented Figures 3A to 3C A cross-sectional side view of a portion of a multichannel fluid device in an alternative form of the stator body 60. The stator body 140 shown is formed from a plurality of layers 142 into a single body. Seven layers 142-1 to 142-7 are diffusely bonded together to form a single body having a plurality of sample channels 144. Additional layers (not shown) may be provided, and openings may be included to receive external fittings and to provide features (such as attachment features) to facilitate attachment of rotary valves. The layers 142 are parallel to each other and parallel to one or more external device surfaces.

[0091] Each sample channel 144 is located at a unique interface between two layers in layer 142. For example, sample channel 144-3 is formed at the interface between layers 142-3 and 142-4. Although the reference numerals 144-n (where...) n A line identifying a specific sample channel is associated with a single opening, but it should be understood that all openings at that interface are part of the same sample channel. The interfaces are parallel to each other and parallel to the outer surface of the stator body 60. Figure 10BThe diagram shows a top sectional view of the interface between layers 142-3 and 142-4 of the stator body 140, where dashed line 146 indicates... Figure 10A The location of the sectional view. Therefore, Figure 10B Only a single sample channel 144-3 is shown.

[0092] Each sample channel 144 includes a hybrid serpentine arc (HAS) shaped segment 148 and a radial channel segment 150-3, which connects one end of the HAS shaped segment 148 to a vertical channel segment extending to a port on the stator surface. A second radial channel segment 152-3 connects the other end of the HAS shaped segment 148 to another port on the stator surface via another vertical channel segment. Each HAS shaped segment 148 has the same shape but is oriented at different angular positions relative to rotation about axis 155. For example, the angular positions may be equally spaced at 60° angles. The illustrated HAS shaped segment 148-3 is defined by a series of circular paths less than 360°, wherein each circular path, except for the innermost and outermost circular paths, is connected to an adjacent path via a turning portion 153. Each circular path is defined by a radius of curvature different from that of the other circular path. This geometric arrangement of the HAS shaped segments 148-3 allows for the storage of a large number of samples. For example, each of the sample channels 144 may have a volume of 250 µL.

[0093] An additional advantage of placing the channels on individual rings is the ability to have different channel segment volumes without altering the channel segment geometry. In a non-limiting example, a single layer defines a 250µL channel segment, and the device contains six layers. Thus, six different volumes of 250µL can be accessed, each with a rotor rotation of 30°. Pairs of layers can be internally connected in series to form three connected channel segments, each containing a total of 500µL, which can be accessed with a rotor rotation of 60°. Three layers can be combined to form two connected channel segments containing a total of 750µL, four layers can be combined to form a single connected channel segment group containing a total of 1,000µL, five layers can be combined to form a single connected channel segment group containing a total of 1,250µL, and six layers can be combined to form a single connected channel segment group of 1,500µL. Thus, the valve supports construction flexibility with minimal changes in interconnect geometry.

[0094] When the rotary valve is in a specific valve state, sample channels 144-3 can be connected to other areas of the stator body 140 (e.g., features or ports) via fluid channels 158' and 160'. Other sample channels 144 present at the interfaces of other layers 142 can be connected via fluid channels 158' and 160' by reconfiguring the valve state of the rotary valve.

[0095] Advantageously, by providing each HAS-shaped channel segment 148 at different layer interfaces in the stator body 140, the volume of the sample channel 144 can be made nearly identical. The volume difference of the vertical channel segments of each sample channel may result in a small variation in the volume of the sample channel; however, these differences may be about 0.1% or less.

[0096] Other sample channel path geometries besides those described above are envisioned. For example, HAS-shaped channel segments 148 can be replaced with channel segments of different shapes, as long as the shape avoids interference between channel segments extending out of the planes of the interface layers and makes the sample channel volumes substantially similar. In this context, substantially similar volume means that the usefulness of the chromatographic measurements performed using the apparatus is not affected by which sample channel is used for the measurement.

[0097] In the various embodiments described above, the number of internal sample channels or external sample rings that a single rotary valve can access is limited by the number of valve ports. For example, Figure 2 Rotary valves 42 and 44 allow six sample channels to be connected to any one of the valves; however, fluid cannot pass through either valve while bypassing sample channels 43 and 45, respectively, unless one of the sample channels is designated as a bypass channel, leaving only the other five sample channels to hold the sample. Furthermore, the delay volume of such bypass channels can significantly increase operating time due to the fluid transit time through the channels, especially for larger sample channel volumes and lower flow rates.

[0098] Figures 11A to 11H These are diagrams depicting the rotor configuration relative to the stator for eight different rotor positions of a rotary valve. In these diagrams, the rotary valve includes a diffusion-bonded stator body having a stator surface adjacent to the rotor surface of a single rotary valve actuator. In alternative embodiments, different manufacturing techniques can be used to form the stator body. For example, a three-dimensional (3D) printing process can be used to form internal channels at multiple layers within the stator body.

[0099] The stator surface includes an inlet port 202, an outlet port 206, and twelve additional ports 208 arranged along a circle concentric with the center of rotation of the adjacent rotor surface. These twelve additional ports 208 are referred to herein as “selectable ports” because the specific port in fluid communication with either the inlet port 202 or the outlet port 206 is determined by the valve state (i.e., the rotational position of the rotor). The twelve selectable ports 208 are spaced at equal angles relative to the rotor axis of rotation. The stator body also includes internal fluid channels 210 (visible only at the ends of the channels), each channel providing a fluid path between a pair of radially opposed selectable ports 208, as detailed below. In some alternative embodiments, external tubing is used instead of internal fluid channels to provide the fluid path between the selectable ports 208.

[0100] During operation, inlet channel 200 guides fluid to inlet port 202, and outlet channel 204 guides fluid from outlet port 206. Inlet channel 200 and outlet channel 204 may be formed in the same interface layer or in different interface layers of the diffusion-bonded stator body. Vertical channel sections at opposite ends of inlet channel 200 and outlet channel 204 lead to a connecting fastener on the outer surface of the diffusion-bonded stator body, which allows external conduits to be fluidly connected to a rotary valve. Slight bends are provided in inlet channel 200 and outlet channel 204 to avoid interfering with certain vertical channels in the stator body.

[0101] Six internal sample channels 210-1 to 210-6 are formed within the diffusion-bonded body, each channel 210 being configured to contain a sample. The volume of the sample channel 210 can be defined depending on the specific application. In a non-limiting numerical example, the volume of each sample channel 210 is 250 µL. In some applications, a rotary valve can be operated such that the volume of the stored sample is smaller than the total volume of the sample channels 210.

[0102] In some implementations, each sample channel 210 is formed at the same interface layer, similar to Figure 9A and Figure 9B The configuration shown is illustrated. In other embodiments, such as those described below, each sample channel 210 is formed at a separate interface layer, similar to... Figure 10A and Figure 10B The configuration is shown. Vertical channel segments passing through one or more layers of the diffusion-bonded body can be used to introduce fluid into or out of the sample channel 210 to the corresponding stator port 208. The volume of these vertical channels is small compared to the volume of the sample channel 210, such that any variation in volume between sample channels due to the different lengths of their vertical channel segments is negligible.

[0103] Figure 12 It shows the corresponding Figure 11A The image shows an enlarged view of the twelve selectable ports 208 and features on the rotor surface at the rotor position shown. Two rotor channels 212 and 214 are formed on the rotor surface, for example, as slots with specific geometries. The first rotor channel 212 has a composite shape including an arcuate portion 212-1 and a straight portion 212-2. The arcuate portion 212-1 is defined at a radius from the rotor rotation axis. R 1 Place, so that it is in Figures 11A to 11FThe rotor position shown maintains communication with inlet port 202 within a range of approximately 150°. The straight portion 212-2 extends radially from one end of the arcuate portion 212-1, allowing the channel 212 to be fluidly connected to any of the selectable ports 208. The second rotor channel 214 is defined by the arcuate portion 214-1 and a short straight portion 214-2 at the end furthest from the rotor axis of rotation. The other end of the second rotor channel 214 is located on the rotor axis of rotation. The radial distance from the rotor axis of rotation to the end of the straight portion 214-2 is... R 2 This corresponds to the radius of the circle on which twelve selectable ports 208 are provided. When the rotor rotates, one end of the second rotor channel 214 provided on the rotor rotation shaft remains in fluid communication with the outlet port 206, while the other end rotates to enable fluid connection to one of the selectable ports 208.

[0104] Refer again Figures 11A to 11F The six rotor positions depicted in the six figures are angularly spaced relative to the rotor rotation axis, such that increasing the rotor position clockwise or counterclockwise in integer multiples of 30° within an angular range of approximately 0° to 180° causes a change in valve state, thereby allowing any of the other sample channels to be connected between the input valve port 202 and the output valve port 206. By way of non-limiting example, a rotor positioning accuracy of 1.0° can be adapted to switching to any of the six rotor positions. For example, Figure 11A A valve configuration is shown, in which the solvent flow from inlet channel 200 flows through inlet port 202, first rotor channel 212, selectable port 208-7, sample channel 210-1, selectable port 208-1, second rotor channel 214, outlet port 206, and exits the stator body through outlet channel 204. Figure 11B As shown, in another valve state with the rotor position increased by 30°, the solvent flow from the inlet channel 200 flows through the inlet port 202, the first rotor channel 212, the selectable port 208-8, the sample channel 210-2, the selectable port 208-2, the second rotor channel 214, the outlet port 206, and exits the stator body through the outlet channel 204. Figures 11C to 11F As shown, the four other valve states result in similarly directing solvent flow through one of the four other sample channels 210-3 to 210-6.

[0105] Figure 11G and Figure 11H Two additional rotor positions are shown, in which the rotary valve operates in bypass mode, allowing fluid received at inlet port 202 to flow to outlet port 206 without passing through any sample channel 210. Figure 11GIn this configuration, the rotor position is 195°, and a large portion of the inlet port 202 overlaps with the arcuate portion 214-1 of the second rotor channel 214. For example... Figure 11H As shown, when the rotor rotates to the 200° rotor position, the inlet port 202 is completely "within" the arcuate portion 214-1; however, the straight portion 212-2 of the first rotor channel 212 has moved to almost reach the stator port 208-2. Therefore, the appropriate bypass state can be associated with an angular range of rotor positions, or with that angular range at a fixed position. For example, the bypass position can be defined at approximately the midpoint between the angular ranges defined by the two illustrated rotor positions, such as at a rotor position of approximately 197°.

[0106] It can be seen that when the rotary valve is in bypass mode, the fluid path length between inlet port 202 and outlet port 206 is only a portion of the arc length of the arc portion 214-1 of the second rotor channel 214. Therefore, the delay volume through the rotary valve is small, especially compared to the large delay volume caused by one of the sample channels in the sacrificial sample channel 210 being used as a bypass channel.

[0107] In the various embodiments described above, the rotary valve includes twelve selectable ports, an inlet port, and an outlet port. It should be understood that a rotary valve with a similar bypass configuration may include fewer or more ports. For example, the geometry of the first rotor channel 212 and the second rotor channel 214 may differ to accommodate a specific number and arrangement of ports at the stator surface.

[0108] While various examples have been shown and described, this description is intended to be exemplary and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rotary valve, the rotary valve comprising: A stator, the stator including a stator surface having an inlet port, an outlet port, and a plurality of selectable ports; Multiple sample channels, each sample channel connecting one port of the selectable ports to another port of the selectable ports; and The rotor includes a rotor surface adjacent to the stator surface, the rotor surface having a first rotor channel and a second rotor channel defined therein, the rotor having a plurality of rotor positions, at which the first rotor channel connects the inlet port to a port of the selectable ports located at one end of one of the sample channels, and the second rotor channel connects the outlet port to another port of the selectable ports located at the opposite end of the one sample channel, the rotor having a bypass rotor position, at which the inlet port is connected to the outlet port via the second rotor channel, and the first rotor channel is not connected to the inlet port, the outlet port, or the selectable ports.

2. The rotary valve according to claim 1, wherein, For each sample channel, the selectable ports connected at the ends of each sample channel are radially opposite each other on the stator surface relative to the rotor axis of rotation.

3. The rotary valve according to claim 2, wherein the selectable port is located at equally spaced angular positions relative to the rotor rotation axis.

4. The rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the position of the bypass rotor is defined within an angular range relative to the rotor rotation axis.

5. The rotary valve according to claim 1, wherein the outlet port is disposed along the rotor rotation axis.

6. The rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the first rotor passage includes an arcuate portion having a center of curvature on the rotor rotation axis.

7. The rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the stator surface is defined on the diffusion bonding body, and wherein the sample channel is defined by an internal channel in the diffusion bonding body.

8. The rotary valve of claim 7, wherein the internal channels are defined in different layers of the diffusion adhesive body.

9. The rotary valve of claim 1, wherein each sample channel comprises tubing.

10. The rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the second rotor passage defines a fluid path from the rotor rotation axis to a location on a circle where the selectable port is disposed, the circle being concentric with the rotor rotation axis.

11. The rotary valve of claim 10, wherein the second rotor passage comprises an arcuate portion and a straight portion, the arcuate portion having a second end and a first end located at the rotor rotation axis, the straight portion extending from the second end to the circle.

12. The rotary valve of claim 10, wherein the second rotor channel comprises a plurality of straight sections.

Images