An apparatus for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, and a method for separating a zinc-magnesium alloy-containing waste

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of zinc-magnesium alloy recovery, and particularly relates to an equipment for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, and a method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste materials. The equipment for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by the present application adopts a liquid feeding mode, so that the liquid raw materials are gasified in a gasification furnace 1, then separated in a separation bin 2, and finally liquid magnesium and liquid zinc are obtained, and continuous feeding and discharging can be realized. By controlling the temperature and pressure of the gasification furnace 1, the separation bin 2 and the zinc condensation chamber 22, the separation and purification of magnesium and zinc are realized, and high-purity magnesium and zinc with a purity of 4N or above are obtained at one time, the economic benefits of magnesium and zinc recovery are improved, and the problem that the traditional vacuum method cannot effectively separate magnesium and zinc, resulting in low purity of the recovered metals, is solved. The equipment provided by the present application can be widely applied to the recovery of magnesium alloy waste materials with different zinc contents, and has strong adaptability to raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of zinc-magnesium alloy recycling technology, specifically relating to a device for separating and recycling magnesium and zinc, and a method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium alloys, as a lightweight new material, offer a 15-20% higher overall weight reduction effect than aluminum alloys, and have already replaced some aluminum and steel in a wide range of applications in rail transportation, automobiles, aircraft, and 3C electronics industries. Among the alloying elements in magnesium alloys, zinc has a dual role in solid solution strengthening and age hardening, and can also reduce corrosion caused by Fe and Ni. Therefore, zinc is the most widely added alloying element in magnesium alloys besides magnesium. According to the national standards "Wrought Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy Grades and Chemical Composition (GB / T5153-2016)" and "Cast Magnesium Alloy Ingots (GB / T 19078-2016)," the zinc content in different grades of magnesium alloys ranges from 0.1 to 9.0 wt.%.

[0003] With the widespread use of various grades of magnesium alloys, the composition of magnesium alloy waste has become increasingly complex, often containing harmful metallic impurities such as iron and nickel. Currently, traditional metal recycling technologies struggle to process this complex magnesium alloy waste. Research has shown that vacuum methods can utilize the difference in saturated vapor pressure between different metals and magnesium to recover various metallic elements from magnesium alloy waste. However, during the vacuum recovery process, the saturated vapor pressure of zinc is higher than that of magnesium. Therefore, all the zinc in the magnesium alloy waste will vaporize and condense along with the magnesium, affecting the purity of the recycled magnesium and thus limiting its application. Therefore, developing an efficient and environmentally friendly magnesium-zinc separation device to recover and obtain high-purity recycled magnesium and zinc, improving the economic benefits of vacuum recycling of zinc-containing magnesium alloy waste, and promoting the recycling of metal resources and energy conservation and emission reduction are crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an apparatus for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, and a method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste. Using the apparatus provided by the present invention to separate zinc-magnesium alloy waste can recover high-purity zinc and magnesium metals, thereby improving the utilization rate of magnesium and zinc.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, which includes a feeding system 5;

[0006] The first inlet 14 is connected to the gasifier 1 at the outlet of the feeding system 5;

[0007] The separation chamber 2 is tangentially connected to the first outlet 16 of the gasifier; the separation chamber 2 includes a zinc condensation chamber 22 located at the upper end of the separation chamber 2; a skimming cylinder 221 located at the top of the separation chamber 2; a partition 24 located below the skimming cylinder 221, the partition 24 being inclinedly fixed to the inner wall of the separation chamber 2; a central conduit 23 penetrating the partition 24, the central conduit 23 being located at the center of the separation chamber 2; and a double-conical gas-liquid partition 211 located vertically below the central conduit 23.

[0008] The zinc liquid storage container 222 is connected to the outlet on the side of the separation chamber 2;

[0009] A magnesium liquid storage container 213 is connected to the inlet and the outlet located at the bottom of the separation chamber 2;

[0010] Temperature control system 3 connected to the gasifier 1 and separation chamber 2;

[0011] Pressure control system 4 is connected to the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2.

[0012] Preferably, the gasifier 1 is provided with a storage tank 11 and a flow straightener 12 in sequence along the direction from the first inlet 14 to the first outlet 16, and the first inlet 14 is located above the storage tank 11;

[0013] The gasifier 1 is provided with a second outlet 15 at the bottom end, and the second outlet 15 is located below the storage tank 11.

[0014] Preferably, the second outlet 15 is connected to a residue collector 13.

[0015] Preferably, the angle between the partition 24 and the inner wall of the separation chamber 2 is 135° to 170°.

[0016] Preferably, a skimming plate 231 is provided at the lower end of the central conduit 23. The skimming plate 231 is funnel-shaped, with the smaller diameter end connected to the central conduit 23.

[0017] Preferably, the outlet at the bottom of the separation chamber 2 is provided with an anti-vortex device 212, which is located inside the separation chamber 2.

[0018] Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the magnesium liquid storage container 213 are independently equipped with high-temperature resistant discharge valves 214.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure control system 4 includes an inert gas container 41 whose outlet is connected to the second inlet 17 of the gasifier 1, and the outlet of the inert gas container 41 is provided with a flow controller 42.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste using the equipment described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The molten liquid from the zinc-magnesium alloy waste is fed to the gasifier 1 through the feeding system 5 for gasification to obtain zinc-magnesium mixed steam.

[0022] The zinc-magnesium mixed vapor is transported to separation chamber 2 for separation to obtain zinc metal and magnesium metal respectively.

[0023] Preferably, the vaporization temperature is 650–800°C;

[0024] The pressures for gasification and separation are independent, ranging from 300 to 2000 Pa.

[0025] This invention provides a device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, comprising a feeding system 5; a gasifier 1 with a first inlet 14 connected to the outlet of the feeding system 5; a separation chamber 2 with an inlet tangentially connected to the first outlet 16 of the gasifier; the separation chamber 2 includes a zinc condensation chamber 22 disposed at the upper end of the separation chamber 2; a skimming tube 221 disposed at the top of the separation chamber 2; a partition 24 disposed below the skimming tube 221, the partition 24 being inclinedly fixed to the inner wall of the separation chamber 2; a central conduit 23 penetrating the partition 24, the central conduit 23 being located at the center of the separation chamber 2; a double-conical gas-liquid partition 211 disposed vertically below the central conduit 23; a zinc liquid storage container 222 with an inlet connected to an outlet disposed on the side of the separation chamber 2; a magnesium liquid storage container 213 with an inlet connected to an outlet disposed at the bottom of the separation chamber 2; a temperature control system 3 connected to the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2; and a pressure control system 4 connected to the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2. The equipment provided by this invention employs a liquid feeding method, vaporizing the liquid raw material in a gasifier 1, followed by separation in a separation chamber 2, ultimately yielding liquid magnesium and liquid zinc, enabling continuous feeding and discharging. Simultaneously, this invention utilizes the vapor and condensation characteristics of magnesium and zinc metals, controlling the temperature and pressure of the gasifier 1, separation chamber 2, and zinc condensation chamber 22 to achieve the separation and purification of magnesium and zinc, obtaining high-purity magnesium and zinc with a purity of 4N or higher in a single process. This improves the economic efficiency of zinc-magnesium alloy waste recycling and solves the problem of low purity recovered metals due to the ineffective separation of magnesium and zinc in traditional vacuum recycling methods. The equipment provided by this invention can be widely applied to the recycling of magnesium alloy waste with varying zinc contents, exhibiting strong raw material adaptability. Using the equipment provided by this invention for the separation and recycling of zinc-magnesium alloy waste solves the problems of discontinuous and inefficient processes in existing vacuum methods for magnesium alloy waste recycling, the influence of zinc content fluctuations on the purity of the recovered magnesium, and the ineffective recovery of zinc. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the embodiment, where 1 is a gasifier, 11 is a storage tank, 12 is a rectifier plate, 13 is a residue collector, 14 is a first inlet, 15 is a second outlet, 16 is a first outlet, 17 is a second inlet, 2 is a separation chamber, 21 is a separation chamber, 211 is a double-cone gas-liquid baffle, 212 is an anti-vortex device, 213 is a magnesium liquid storage container, 214 is a high-temperature resistant vent valve, 22 is a zinc condensation chamber, 221 is a skimming cylinder, 222 is a zinc liquid storage container, 23 is a central conduit, 231 is a skimming plate, 24 is a baffle, 3 is a temperature control system, 31 is a heater, 4 is a pressure control system, 41 is an inert gas container, 42 is a flow controller, 43 is a vacuum pump, 5 is a feeding system, 51 is a feed liquid container, and 52 is a liquid guide pipe;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial top view of the separation chamber 2 tangentially connected to the first outlet 16 of the gasifier 1, where 1 is the gasifier, 2 is the separation chamber, and 16 is the first outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, including a feeding system 5. In one embodiment, the feeding system 5 includes a feed liquid container 51 and a liquid guide pipe 52 connecting the outlet of the feed liquid container 51 to a first outlet 16 of a gasifier 1. Preferably, this invention utilizes the principle of siphoning to transport the liquid in the feed liquid container 51 to the gasifier via the liquid guide pipe 52. In another embodiment, the liquid guide pipe 52 is equipped with a flow valve. This invention regulates the flow rate of the liquid in the feed liquid container 51 by controlling the flow valve.

[0029] The device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by the present invention includes a gasifier 1 connected to a first inlet 14 and the outlet of the feeding system 5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the gasifier 1 is provided with a storage tank 11 and a rectifier plate 12 sequentially along the direction from the first inlet 14 to the first outlet 16, with the first inlet 14 positioned above the storage tank 11. In another embodiment of the present invention, the rectifier plate 12 is a perforated plate structure with a perforation diameter of 1–5 mm, preferably 3–4 mm; the length of the rectifier plate 12 is 5–15 cm, preferably 10–15 cm. In the present invention, the rectifier plate 12 can adjust the direction of the vapor flow after the liquid feed is vaporized and replenish the energy lost due to collisions, ensuring that the vapor flow enters the separation chamber 2 tangentially in a nearly horizontal direction.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, a second outlet 15 is provided at the bottom of the gasifier 1, and the second outlet 15 is located below the storage tank 11. In another embodiment of the present invention, the second outlet 15 is connected to a residue collector 13, and a valve is provided at the second outlet 15. The present invention can discharge non-volatile impurities remaining in the storage tank 11 into the residue collector 13 through the second outlet 15. In the present invention, the non-volatile impurities include alloying elements and / or foreign entrained metal elements, and the alloying elements include one or more of aluminum, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tin, silicon, zirconium, neodymium, gadolinium, yttrium, lanthanum, and cerium. The present invention controls the discharge of residues by controlling the valve provided at the second outlet 15.

[0031] The device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by this invention includes a separation chamber 2 whose inlet is tangentially connected to the first outlet 16 of the gasifier 1. By tangentially connecting the first outlet 16 of the gasifier 1 to the separation chamber 2, the mixed gas stream obtained from gasification in the gasifier 1 moves centripetally along the inner wall of the separation chamber 2. Under the influence of gravity, the gas stream undergoes a downward spiral motion, forming an outer vortex. Simultaneously, an upward inner vortex is formed in the central part of the separation chamber 2, which is used to transport gaseous zinc in the mixed gas stream to the zinc condensation chamber, thereby achieving the separation of magnesium and zinc. Figure 2 This is a partial top view of the separation chamber 2 tangentially connected to the first outlet 16 of the gasifier 1.

[0032] In this invention, the separation chamber 2 includes a zinc condensation chamber 22 located at its upper end. As an embodiment of the invention, a vacuum pump 43 connected to the upper part of the zinc condensation chamber 22 via a vacuum port is provided, and a valve is installed at the inlet of the vacuum pump 43. Preferably, before operating the equipment, the vacuum pump is used to evacuate the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2 to reduce the vacuum level to below 1 Pa, and then inert gas is introduced into the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2 until the pressure reaches 300–2000 Pa.

[0033] In this invention, the separation chamber 2 includes a skimming cylinder 221 disposed at the top of the chamber and a partition 24 disposed below the skimming cylinder 221. The partition 24 is inclined and fixed to the inner wall of the separation chamber 2. In one embodiment, the diameter of the skimming cylinder 221 is larger than the diameter of the central conduit 23. This invention does not have a special requirement for the difference between the diameters of the skimming cylinder 221 and the central conduit 23, as long as it allows zinc vapor to condense and drip down to collect. This invention does not have a requirement for the height of the skimming cylinder 221, as long as it does not contact the partition 24. In this invention, the skimming cylinder 221 induces zinc vapor to condense and nucleate on it, and guides the zinc liquid to drip onto the inclined partition 24, ultimately causing the zinc liquid to collect together. In one embodiment, the angle between the partition 24 and the inner wall of the separation chamber 2 is 135–170°, preferably 140–165°. The present invention uses a partition 25 to divide the separation chamber into a zinc condensation chamber 22 and a separation chamber 21. The partition 25 is fixed at an angle to facilitate the collection of the zinc metal liquid condensed in the zinc condensation chamber 22 and its entry into the zinc liquid storage container 222.

[0034] In this invention, the separation chamber 2 includes a central conduit 23 that penetrates the partition 24, and the central conduit 23 is located at the center of the separation chamber 2. As an embodiment of this invention, a skimming plate 231 is provided at the lower end of the central conduit 23. The skimming plate 231 is funnel-shaped, with its smaller diameter end connected to the central conduit 23. In this invention, the central conduit 23 connects the separation chamber 21 and the zinc condensation chamber 22. Gaseous zinc in the mixed gas obtained by gasification in the gasifier 1 is transported to the zinc condenser via the central conduit. The skimming plate 231 can skim the magnesium liquid condensed on the outer wall of the central conduit 23 towards the outward swirling direction, preventing it from being drawn into the central conduit 23 by the inward swirling flow, thereby improving the purity of the separated zinc metal.

[0035] In this invention, the separation chamber 2 includes a double-conical gas-liquid baffle 211 disposed vertically below the central conduit 23. As an embodiment of this invention, the double-conical gas-liquid baffle 211 includes upper and lower conical baffles and a column supporting the upper and lower conical baffles to form a channel. In this invention, the upper and lower conical baffles of the double-conical gas-liquid baffle 211 are supported by symmetrically arranged columns to form a vapor channel.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, an anti-vortex device 212 is provided at the outlet at the bottom of the separation chamber 2, and the anti-vortex device 212 is disposed inside the separation chamber 2. In another embodiment of the present invention, the anti-vortex device 212 is cross-shaped. In the present invention, the anti-vortex device 212 can reduce the formation of vortices due to the rotation of molten metal driven by the external swirling flow, and avoid unstable flow rate during discharge.

[0037] The device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by the present invention includes an inlet connected to a zinc liquid storage container 222 connected to an outlet disposed on the side of the separation chamber 2. As an embodiment of the present invention, a high-temperature resistant venting valve is provided at the outlet of the zinc liquid storage container 222.

[0038] The device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by the present invention includes a magnesium liquid storage container 213 with an inlet connected to an outlet located at the bottom of the separation chamber 2. As an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet and outlet of the magnesium liquid storage container 213 are independently equipped with high-temperature resistant venting valves 214.

[0039] The device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc provided by this invention includes a temperature control system 3 connected to the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2. In one embodiment, heaters 31 are provided on the outer surfaces of the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2 to provide a heat source. This invention regulates the temperatures of the gasifier 1, the separation chamber 21, and the zinc condensation chamber 22 through the temperature control system 3. In this invention, the temperature of the gasifier 1 is 650–800°C, the temperature of the separation chamber 21 is 650–680°C, the temperature of the zinc condensation chamber 22 is 420–450°C, and the temperature of the zinc storage container 222 is 410–430°C. In another embodiment, an insulation layer is provided on the outer surfaces of the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2 to maintain the required temperature.

[0040] The present invention provides an apparatus for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, comprising a pressure control system 4 connected to the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2. As an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure control system 4 includes an inert gas container 41 whose outlet is connected to the second inlet 17 of the gasifier 1, and the outlet of the inert gas container 41 is equipped with a flow controller 42. The present invention regulates the pressure within the gasifier 1 and the separation chamber 2 by introducing inert gas into them. In the present invention, the inert gas in the inert gas container 41 includes argon, helium, neon, krypton, or xenon.

[0041] Magnesium and zinc in the alloy waste are vaporized in the gasifier 1 to form a high-speed mixed vapor flow. The vapor flow is then directed tangentially by the orifice plate 12 and enters the separation chamber 2. Under centrifugal force, it forms a downward spiral flow along the wall of the separation chamber 21. As the temperature of the separation chamber 21 decreases, the magnesium vapor reaches a supersaturated state and condenses into small droplets. Under centrifugal force, these droplets are thrown towards the wall of the separation chamber 21. Under surface tension, the droplets continuously converge into a liquid film, which continuously traps vapor molecules and droplets, eventually flowing to the bottom of the separation chamber 21. Meanwhile, the zinc vapor, at this temperature, is far from saturated and remains in the gas phase. When the vapor flow reaches the bottom of the separation chamber, it forms an upward spiral flow along the axis at the center above the double-conical gas-liquid baffle 211. This flow carries the uncondensed unsaturated zinc vapor through the central conduit 23 to the zinc condensation chamber 22. The temperature of the zinc condensation chamber 22 further decreases to near the melting point of zinc. The zinc vapor then condenses on the skimming tube 221 above the zinc condensation chamber 22, and the zinc liquid drips onto the baffle 24 and flows into the zinc storage tank 222. Some of the zinc vapor is entrained by the magnesium liquid into the magnesium melt at the bottom of the separation chamber 21. At this temperature, zinc still has high volatility, and the vapor formed by its re-evaporation is collected by the bottom cone and then flows into the zinc condensation chamber 22 through the space between the double-conical gas-liquid baffles 211 with the internal spiral flow. The double-conical gas-liquid baffle 211 provides a channel for the upward volatilization of the re-evaporated zinc vapor, and also facilitates the upward swirling flow in the center of the separation chamber 21 to carry the zinc vapor into the zinc condensation chamber 22. This prevents the downward external swirling flow around the bottom conical gas-liquid baffle from hindering the volatilization of zinc vapor, further promoting the separation of magnesium and zinc in the magnesium melt and improving the purity of zinc and magnesium metals.

[0042] The present invention also provides a method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste using the equipment described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0043] The molten liquid from the zinc-magnesium alloy waste is fed to the gasifier 1 through the feeding system 5 for gasification to obtain zinc-magnesium mixed steam.

[0044] The zinc-magnesium mixed vapor is transported to separation chamber 2 for separation to obtain zinc metal and magnesium metal respectively.

[0045] This invention involves conveying the molten zinc-magnesium alloy scrap to a gasifier 1 via a feeding system 5 for gasification, yielding a zinc-magnesium mixed vapor. In this invention, the zinc content in the zinc-magnesium alloy scrap is preferably greater than 0.1% by mass; the zinc-magnesium alloy scrap is preferably AZ series alloy scrap, AM series alloy scrap, AS series alloy scrap, AE series alloy scrap, AJ series alloy scrap, ZA series alloy scrap, ZE series alloy scrap, ZK series alloy scrap, ZQ series alloy scrap, ZC series alloy scrap, ZW series alloy scrap, EZ series alloy scrap, EV series alloy scrap, EQ series alloy scrap, VW series alloy scrap, VQ series alloy scrap, WE series alloy scrap, or WZ series alloy scrap; more preferably, it is AZ series alloy scrap. In this invention, the AZ series alloy scrap is preferably AZ91D alloy scrap. This invention does not have special requirements for the melting process; conventional techniques in the art are sufficient. This invention preferably involves melting in the feeding liquid container 51.

[0046] In this invention, the vaporization temperature is preferably 650–800°C, more preferably 700–750°C. The vaporization pressure is preferably 300–2000 Pa, more preferably 400–1000 Pa. After obtaining the zinc-magnesium mixed vapor, the present invention conveys the zinc-magnesium mixed vapor to separation chamber 2 for separation, obtaining zinc metal and magnesium metal respectively. In this invention, the separation pressure is preferably 300–2000 Pa, more preferably 400–1000 Pa. In this invention, the separation pressure is preferably the same as the vaporization pressure. The present invention preferably controls the separation time by adjusting the conveying rate. In this invention, the purity of the zinc metal is preferably 4N or higher, and the purity of the magnesium metal is preferably 4N or higher.

[0047] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] use Figure 1 The equipment shown separates and recycles zinc-magnesium alloy waste. A vacuum pump is used to evacuate the gasifier 1 and separation chamber 2 to reduce the vacuum level to below 1 Pa. Argon gas is introduced into the gasifier 1 and separation chamber 2 by a pressure control system 4, and the flow rate of the argon gas is controlled by a flow controller 42 to maintain the pressure in the gasifier and separation chamber at 400 Pa. The heating system 3 controls the temperature of the gasifier 1 to 700°C, the separation chamber 21 to 670°C, the magnesium liquid storage container 213 to 670°C, the zinc condensation chamber 22 to 430°C, and the zinc liquid storage container to 420°C.

[0050] The zinc-containing magnesium alloy scrap (AZ91D) is melted in the feed liquid container 51 and then siphoned into the storage tank 11 of the gasifier 1 through the conduit 52 to gasify, thus obtaining zinc-magnesium mixed vapor.

[0051] The zinc-magnesium mixed vapor is passed through the rectifier plate 12 (with an aperture of 3 mm and a length of 10 cm) and tangentially enters the separation chamber 2 through the first outlet 16. After the magnesium condenses on the wall, it flows to the bottom of the separation chamber 21 and then to the magnesium liquid storage container 213 to obtain metallic magnesium. The uncondensed unsaturated gaseous zinc forms an internal spiral flow that spirals upward along the axis above the center of the double-cone gas-liquid baffle 211 and is sent to the zinc condensation chamber 22 through the central conduit 23. The condensed zinc liquid drips onto the baffle 24 and flows into the zinc liquid storage container 222 to obtain metallic zinc.

[0052] The impurity content in metallic magnesium was detected by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and the purity of magnesium was 4N (purity > 99.992%) after deducting the impurity content. The purity of metallic zinc was also detected by ICP, and the purity was 4N (purity ≥ 99.990%). The total recovery rate of zinc and magnesium was 99.5%.

[0053] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for separating and recovering magnesium and zinc, characterized in that, Including the feeding system (5); The first inlet (14) is connected to the gasifier (1) at the outlet of the feeding system (5); the gasifier (1) is provided with a storage tank (11) and a rectifier plate (12) in sequence along the direction from the first inlet (14) to the first outlet (16). A separation chamber (2) is tangentially connected to the first outlet (16) of the gasifier; the separation chamber (2) includes a zinc condensation chamber (22) located at the upper end of the separation chamber (2); a skimming tube (221) located at the top of the separation chamber (2); a partition (24) located below the skimming tube (221), the partition (24) being inclined and fixed to the inner wall of the separation chamber (2); a central conduit (23) penetrating the partition (24), the central conduit (23) being located at the center of the separation chamber (2); a skimming plate (231) located at the lower end of the central conduit (23), the skimming plate (231) being funnel-shaped, with the smaller diameter end connected to the central conduit (23); a double-conical gas-liquid partition (211) located vertically below the central conduit (23); the double-conical gas-liquid partition (211) includes two upper and lower conical partitions and a column support formed between the upper and lower conical partitions to form a channel; The inlet is connected to the zinc liquid storage container (222) located at the side outlet of the separation chamber (2); The inlet is connected to the outlet located at the bottom of the separation chamber (2) and the magnesium liquid storage container (213). Temperature control system (3) connected to the gasifier (1) and separation chamber (2); Pressure control system (4) connected to the gasifier (1) and separation chamber (2).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inlet (14) is located above the storage tank (11); The gasifier (1) is provided with a second outlet (15) at the bottom end, and the second outlet (15) is located below the storage tank (11).

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second outlet (15) is connected to a residue collector (13).

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the partition (24) and the inner wall of the separation chamber (2) is 135~170°.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An anti-vortex device (212) is provided at the outlet at the bottom of the separation chamber (2), and the anti-vortex device (212) is located inside the separation chamber (2).

6. The device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The magnesium liquid storage container (213) is equipped with high-temperature resistant discharge valves (214) at its inlet and outlet.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure control system (4) includes an inert gas container (41) whose outlet is connected to the second inlet (17) of the gasifier (1), and a flow controller (42) is provided at the outlet of the inert gas container (41).

8. A method for separating zinc-magnesium alloy waste using the equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: The molten zinc-magnesium alloy waste is fed to a gasifier (1) via a feeding system (5) to produce zinc-magnesium mixed steam; the zinc content in the zinc-magnesium alloy waste is greater than 0.1% by mass. The zinc-magnesium mixed vapor is transported to the separation chamber (2) for separation to obtain zinc metal and magnesium metal respectively.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vaporization temperature is 650~800℃; The pressure for gasification and separation is 300~2000 Pa, which is independent.

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