A shield cutter head and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a shield cutter. The shield cutter provided by the application comprises a cutter body, a cutter disc, a rolling cutter, a scraper, a spray head, a plurality of center drilling devices, a material discharging groove, and a plurality of groups of rolling cutters are arranged on the end face of one side of the cutter disc, the rolling cutters have two groups, one group of scrapers is arranged on the two sides of the first group of rolling cutters, the spray head has two, and the second group of material discharging grooves is arranged on the center point of the cutter disc shaft. The shield cutter provided by the application drives the drill bit on the drill body to start pre-damage and drill out a groove when the shield machine starts to dig forward, after the drill bit drives the telescopic rod to extend the bricks on the drill body into the groove through the hydraulic cylinder, the short cutter blade, the scraper and the fire spraying head on the drill body start secondary forward digging, the fire spraying head stops spraying fire after digging, and then the cutter disc digs and rotates forward after the center drilling device generates a free surface on the rock, the secondary digging resistance of the cutter blade is greatly reduced, and the digging efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, and in particular to a shield cutterhead. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is an engineering instrument used for tunnel excavation. It mainly consists of a cutterhead, a front shield, and a rear shield. During tunnel excavation, the TBM advances along the tunnel axis while the cutterhead excavates the tunnel soil. The TBM effectively seals the tunnel face to ensure stability, control surface uplift and subsidence within specified limits, extend the service life of the cutters, and facilitate cutter replacement under sealed conditions. It also explores and researches solutions for handling harsh geological conditions such as high water pressure.

[0003] Existing tunnel boring machines use different cutters on the cutterhead to construct tunnels in different environments, resulting in low excavation efficiency. The cutters also experience significant wear when encountering rocks or other obstacles during the excavation process, and the cutters are too limited in variety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a shield cutterhead that enables the tunnel boring machine to excavate tunnels more efficiently.

[0005] An embodiment of this application provides a shield cutterhead, including: a cutter body, a cutterhead, roller cutters, scrapers, nozzles, and multiple center drilling devices. A discharge chute and the cutterhead are disposed inside the cutter body. Multiple sets of roller cutters are mounted on one end face of the cutterhead. There are two sets of roller cutters. A set of scrapers is disposed on each side of the first set of roller cutters, and a center drilling device is disposed on each side of the second set of roller cutters. There are two nozzles, positioned at the center point surrounded by the second set of roller cutters. The first set of discharge chute is disposed between every two center drilling devices, and the second set of discharge chute is disposed at the center point of the cutterhead shaft.

[0006] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, the central drilling device includes a drill body, a first hydraulic cylinder, a telescopic rod, and a drive shaft. The drill body is cylindrical, with the drive shaft movably connected to one end of the drill body and a drill bit fixed to the other end. One end of the telescopic rod is fixed to the drive shaft, and the other end of the telescopic rod is movably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder bore of the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, the drill body includes multiple short blades, multiple scrapers, multiple water nozzles, multiple flame nozzles, multiple discharge troughs, and a base plate. The short blades and scrapers are welded to the curved surface of the drill body. The drill body has discharge troughs and circular grooves. The flame nozzles are fixed to the bottom end of the inner wall of the circular grooves. There are six sets of scrapers, and each set of scrapers has a discharge trough, a short blade, and a flame nozzle. The length of the scraper is the same as the length of the drill body. The discharge trough is located between the scraper and the short blade, and one end of the discharge trough is close to the drill bit. The length of the discharge trough is smaller than that of the scraper. The short blade is located between the discharge trough and the flame nozzle. The length of the short blade is smaller than that of the discharge trough. One end of the short blade is close to the drill bit. The flame nozzle is located between the short blade and the scraper, and the flame nozzle is located at the center of the short blade. The base plate is fixed to the end of the drill body away from the drill bit. The water nozzle is fixed on one side of the base plate. The water nozzle is located between each set of scrapers and between the scraper and the discharge trough.

[0008] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, there are two sets of roller cutters. The first set of roller cutters consists of six roller cutters arranged in a straight line. There is a second set of discharge chute between every three roller cutters in the first set of roller cutters. The second set of roller cutters consists of 10 roller cutters. There is a nozzle around every five roller cutters and opposite to the other five roller cutters. There is a second set of discharge chute between the opposite roller cutters in the second set of roller cutters. There is a second set of discharge chute between the intersection of the first set of roller cutters and the second set of roller cutters.

[0009] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, there are two sets of discharge troughs. The first set of discharge troughs has four troughs, and a second set of roller cutters is provided between every two troughs in the first set. The second set of discharge troughs is located at the center point of the cutterhead shaft.

[0010] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, the short blade is inclined on one side and fixed on the curved surface of the drill body on the other side.

[0011] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, the drill bit is arranged in a conical shape.

[0012] In the shield cutterhead provided in the embodiments of this application, the shield machine body includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of the telescopic column is rotatably connected to one end of the second drive shaft, the other end is movably connected to the second hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the second drive shaft is fixedly connected to the cutterhead.

[0013] In the shield cutterhead provided in this application embodiment, the nozzle, water nozzle, and fire nozzle are all connected to the shield machine cutterhead via flanges.

[0014] The shield tunneling machine cutterhead provided in this application, when the shield machine begins to excavate forward, the telescopic rod connected to the shield machine body and the drive shaft start to drive the four central drilling devices to rotate, thereby driving the drill bits on the drill body to begin pre-damage and drill out grooves. When the drill bits, through the hydraulic cylinder, drive the telescopic rod to extend the bricks on the drill body into the grooves, the short blades, scrapers, and flame nozzles on the drill body begin secondary forward excavation. After excavation, the flame nozzles stop spraying and the water nozzles start spraying water to cool and dilute the material before discharging it through the discharge port on the drill body, thus enabling the central drilling devices to...

[0015] After creating a free face in the rock, the cutterhead rotates forward to dig, greatly reducing the resistance of the blades during secondary digging, forming a layer-by-layer excavation effect, and greatly improving digging efficiency.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shield cutterhead provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the shield cutterhead provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a front view of the center drilling device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side structure of the shield cutterhead provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the central drill provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spray head structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flamethrower structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Explanation of main components and symbols:

[0026] 100. Cutter body; 200. Cutter head; 201. First set of discharge grooves; 202. Second set of discharge grooves;

[0027] 203. Scraper; 204. First set of roller cutters; 205. Nozzle; 206. Second set of roller cutters;

[0028] 207. Telescopic column; 300. Center drilling device; 301. Telescopic rod; 302. Drive shaft;

[0029] 303, Drill bit; 400, Flange; 500, Drill body; 501, Flamethrower head; 502, Discharge port;

[0030] 503. Scraper; 504. Short blade; 505. Film; 506. Spray head. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0033] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0034] It should be understood that, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. For example, the first groove and the second groove are only used to distinguish different grooves and do not limit their order. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0035] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0036] Existing tunnel boring machines use different cutters on the cutterhead to construct tunnels in different environments, resulting in low excavation efficiency. The cutters also experience significant wear when encountering rocks or other obstacles during the excavation process, and the cutters are too limited in variety.

[0037] refer to Figures 1-6 The shield tunneling machine cutterhead 200 provided in this application includes: a cutter body 100, a cutterhead 200, roller cutters, scrapers 203, nozzles 205, and multiple center drilling devices 300. The discharge chute and the cutterhead 200 are disposed inside the cutter body 100. Multiple sets of roller cutters are installed on one end face of the cutterhead 200. There are two sets of roller cutters. A set of scrapers 203 is disposed on each side of the first set of roller cutters 204. A center drilling device 300 is disposed on each side of the second set of roller cutters 206. There are two nozzles 205. The nozzles 205 are located at the center point surrounded by the second set of roller cutters 206. The first set of discharge chute 201 is disposed between every two center drilling devices 300. The second set of discharge chute 202 is disposed at the center point of the axis of the cutterhead 200.

[0038] The system comprises a cutter body 100, a cutter head 200, roller cutters, scrapers 203, nozzles 205, and multiple central drilling devices 300. A discharge chute and cutter head 200 are located inside the cutter body 100. A second hydraulic cylinder drives the central drilling device 300 to extend and retract, drilling four free surfaces through the four devices (drill bit 303), reducing the rock-breaking resistance of the cutter head 200 during rock breaking. Multiple sets of roller cutters are installed on one end face of the cutter head 200. There are two sets of roller cutters; the first set of roller cutters 204 has a scraper 203 on each side. The first set of roller cutters 204 initially excavates in a straight, flat pattern. The second set... After the roller cutter 206 continues secondary excavation and wear, the scraper 203 scrapes. There are two nozzles 205, which are located at the center point of the second set of roller cutters 206. When the friction between the first set of roller cutters 204 and the second set of roller cutters 206 causes severe heat and wear on the roller cutters, the nozzles 205 start spraying water to cool down and protect the roller cutters and reduce damage. The first set of discharge chute 201 is set between every two central drilling devices 300. The soil excavated by the central drilling device 300 will be discharged through the second set of discharge chute 202.

[0039] In some embodiments, the center drilling device 300 includes a drill body 500, a first hydraulic cylinder, a telescopic rod 301, and a drive shaft 302. The drill body 500 is cylindrical, with the drive shaft 302 movably connected to one end of the drill body 500 and a drill bit 303 fixed to the other end. One end of the telescopic rod 301 is fixed to the drive shaft 302, and the other end of the telescopic rod 301 is movably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder bore of the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0040] By setting up a central drilling device 300, when the tunnel boring machine starts excavating, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic rod 301, the telescopic rod 301 drives the drive shaft 302, the drive shaft 302 drives the drill body 500, and the drill bit 303 of the drill body 500 rotates through the drive shaft 302 to break the rock. The hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic rod 301, and the telescopic rod 301 drives the drill bit 303 to extend the rock-breaking channel.

[0041] In some embodiments, the drill body 500 includes multiple segmented blades 504, multiple scrapers 503, multiple water nozzles 506, multiple flame nozzles 501, multiple discharge ports 502, and a base plate 505. The segmented blades 504 and scrapers 503 are welded to the curved surface of the drill body 500. The drill body 500 has a discharge port 502 and a circular groove. The flame nozzles 501 are fixed to the bottom end of the inner wall of the circular groove. There are six sets of scrapers 503, and each set of scrapers 503 has a discharge port 502, a segmented blade 504, and a flame nozzle 501. The length of the scrapers 503 is the same as the length of the drill body 500. The discharge port 502 is located between the scrapers 503 and the segmented blades 504, and discharges material... One end of the discharge port 502 is close to the drill bit 303. The length of the discharge port 502 is less than that of the scraper 503. The segmented blade 504 is located between the discharge port 502 and the flame head 501. The length of the segmented blade 504 is less than that of the discharge port 502. One end of the segmented blade 504 is close to the drill bit 303. The flame head 501 is located between the segmented blade 504 and the scraper 503. The flame head 501 is located at the center of the segmented blade 504. The base plate 505 is fixed to the end of the drill body 500 away from the drill bit 303. The water spray head 506 is fixed on one side of the base plate 505. The water spray head 506 is located between each set of scrapers 503 and between the scraper 503 and the discharge port 502.

[0042] The drill body 500 includes multiple cutting blades 504, multiple scrapers 503, multiple water jets 506, multiple flame jets 501, multiple discharge ports 502, and a base plate 505. The cutting blades 504 and scrapers 503 are welded to the curved surface of the drill body 500. A first hydraulic cylinder drives a telescopic rod 301, which in turn drives a drive shaft 302. The drive shaft 302 drives the drill body 500, and the drill bit 303 on the drill body 500 rotates to break the rock via the drive shaft 302. After the telescopic rod 301 drives the drill bit 303 to extend the rock-breaking channel, a circular groove is excavated with the cooperation of the cutting blades 504, scrapers 503, and flame jets 501, creating a free surface and causing the first damage to the rock. Afterward, the upper part of the drill body 500 has a discharge port 502, through which the soil generated by the drill body 500 is discharged. Each drill body 500 is equipped with a flame head 501, which is threadedly connected to the air supply pipe. The bottom of the flame head 501 is also equipped with a flange 400, which is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the circular groove and fixed with screws. In traditional shield machine cutterheads 200, the rock is crushed by thrust. However, when encountering extremely hard rock, the cutter head is damaged too much. The flame head 501 is designed to spray fire to reduce the rock hardness. The water spray head 506 is located between each set of scrapers 503 and between the scraper 503 and the discharge port 502. After being heated by high temperature, the blade 504 and scraper 503 will be severely damaged. At this time, when the flame head 501 ends, the water spray head 506 sprays water to cool down the blade 504 and scraper 503, which protects them and extends their service life.

[0043] In some embodiments, the roller cutters are divided into two groups. The first group of roller cutters 204 consists of six roller cutters arranged in a straight line. There is a second set of discharge grooves 202 between every three roller cutters in the first group of roller cutters 204. The second group of roller cutters 206 consists of 10 roller cutters. There is a nozzle 205 between every five roller cutters and opposite to the other five roller cutters. There is a second set of discharge grooves 202 between the opposite roller cutters in the second group of roller cutters 206. There is a second set of discharge grooves 202 between the intersection of the first group of roller cutters 204 and the second group of roller cutters 206.

[0044] The first set of roller cutters 204 has a second set of discharge chute 202 between every three roller cutters. After the first roller cutters are arranged in a straight line to grind the rock, the second set of roller cutters 206 consists of 10 roller cutters. Every five roller cutters are surrounded by a nozzle 205 and are set opposite to the other five roller cutters. The second roller cutters perform secondary crushing. The gravel and soil produced by the first and second roller cutters grinding the rock are discharged through the discharge chute. High temperature is generated when the roller cutters grind the rock. The high temperature can damage the roller cutters. The nozzle 205 sprays water to cool down and protect the roller cutters when they are working, thus extending the service life of the roller cutters.

[0045] In some embodiments, the discharge troughs are in two sets. The first set of discharge troughs 201 has four discharge troughs. A second set of hobs 206 is located between every two discharge troughs in the first set of discharge troughs 201. The second set of discharge troughs 202 is located at the center point of the shaft of the cutter head 200.

[0046] By setting up discharge troughs, the first set of discharge troughs 201 will discharge the dirt and debris generated during the working grinding of the cutter head 200, preventing the accumulation of gravel and dirt. The second set of discharge troughs 202 is located at the center point of the cutter head 200 axis, preventing the second set of discharge troughs from discharging the material a second time if the first set of discharge troughs cannot discharge the material completely.

[0047] In some embodiments, the segmented cutting blade 504 is inclined on one side and fixed on the curved surface of the drill body 500 on the other side.

[0048] With the segmented cutting blade 504 tilted to one side, when the central drilling device 300 is digging, the rotating shaft drives the drill body 500, and the drill body 500 drives the drill bit 303 to perform pre-digging. When the segmented cutting blade 504 begins secondary digging and wear reduction, the efficiency will be accelerated.

[0049] In some embodiments, the drill bit 303 is arranged in a conical shape.

[0050] By setting the conical drill bit 303, the rock excavation efficiency is greatly improved. The pre-damage cutting blade 504 of the drill bit 303 is set at an angle, and the short blade further improves the rock grinding efficiency, causing secondary damage to the rock. The excavation is then carried out by the scraper 203.

[0051] In some embodiments, the tunnel boring machine body includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of the telescopic column 207 is rotatably connected to one end of the second drive shaft, and the other end is movably connected to the second hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the second drive shaft is fixedly connected to the cutterhead 200.

[0052] By installing a second hydraulic cylinder in the shield machine body, when the shield machine is started, the hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic column 207, the telescopic column drives the second rotating shaft drive, and the second rotating shaft drive drives the cutterhead 200 to push and rotate for excavation.

[0053] In some embodiments, the nozzle 205, water nozzle 506, and fire nozzle 501 are all connected to the tunnel boring machine cutterhead 200 via flange 400.

[0054] By installing flame-emitting heads 501 on each drill body 500, with the flame-emitting heads 501 threadedly connected to the air supply pipe, and a flange 400 at the bottom of the flame-emitting head 501, the flange 400 is fixed to the inner wall of the circular groove by screws via a threaded connection. Traditional tunnel boring machines grind rocks using thrust on the cutterhead 200, but this causes excessive damage to the cutter when encountering extremely hard rocks. The flame-emitting heads 501 are designed to spray fire onto the rock to reduce its hardness. Water jet heads 506 are located on each set of scrapers 5. Between 03 and 03, and the water spray head 506 is located between the scraper 503 and the discharge chute, after being sprayed at high temperature, the segment blade 504 and the scraper 503 will be severely damaged. The bottom of the water spray head 506 is provided with a flange 400, which is connected to the base plate 505 by screws through a threaded connection. At this time, when the flame head 501 ends, the water spray head 506 sprays water to cool down the segment blade 504 and the scraper 503, which plays a protective role and extends the service life of the segment blade 504 and the scraper 503.

[0055] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel cutterhead (200), characterized in that, include: The component comprises a cutter body (100), a cutter disc (200), a hob, a scraper (203), a nozzle (205), and multiple center drilling devices (300). A discharge chute and a cutter disc (200) are located inside the cutter body (100). Two sets of hobs are mounted on one end face of the cutter disc (200). A set of scrapers (203) is installed on each side of the first set of hobs (204), and a center drilling device (300) is installed on each side of the second set of hobs (206). There are two nozzles (205), positioned at the center point surrounded by the second set of hobs (206). There are two discharge chute sets; the first set (201) is located between every two center drilling devices (300), and the second set (202)... The drill bit is located at the center point of the cutter head (200) axis; the center drilling device (300) includes a drill body (500), a first hydraulic cylinder, a telescopic rod (301), and a drive shaft (302). The drill body (500) is cylindrical, with the drive shaft (302) movably connected to one end of the drill body (500) and a drill bit (303) fixed to the other end. One end of the telescopic rod (301) is fixed to the drive shaft (302), and the other end of the telescopic rod (301) is movably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder bore of the first hydraulic cylinder. The drill body (500) includes multiple short blades (504), multiple scrapers (503), multiple water nozzles (506), multiple flame nozzles (501), and multiple discharge ports (504). 2) The substrate (505), short blade (504), and scraper (503) are welded to the curved surface of the drill body (500). The drill body (500) has a discharge port (502) and a circular groove. The burner head (501) is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the circular groove. There are six sets of scrapers (503), each set containing a discharge port (502), short blade (504), and burner head (501). The length of the scraper (503) is the same as the length of the drill body (500). The discharge port (502) is located between the scraper (503) and the short blade (504), with one end of the discharge port (502) close to the drill bit (303). The discharge port (502) is smaller than the length of the scraper (503). The length of the short blade (504) is between the discharge port (502) and the flame head (501). The length of the short blade (504) is less than the length of the discharge port (502). One end of the short blade (504) is close to the drill bit (303). The flame head (501) is between the short blade (504) and the scraper (503). The flame head (501) is located at the center of the short blade (504). The base plate (505) is fixed to the end of the drill body (500) away from the drill bit (303). The water spray head (506) is fixed on one side of the base plate (505). The water spray head (506) is located between each set of scrapers (503) and between the scraper (503) and the discharge port (502).

2. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first group of roller cutters (204) consists of six roller cutters arranged in a straight line. There is a second set of discharge grooves (202) between every three roller cutters in the first group of roller cutters (204). The second group of roller cutters (206) consists of 10 roller cutters. There is a nozzle (205) around every five roller cutters and opposite to the other five roller cutters. There is a second set of discharge grooves (202) between the opposite roller cutters in the second group of roller cutters (206). There is a second set of discharge grooves (202) between the intersection of the first group of roller cutters (204) and the second group of roller cutters (206).

3. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first set of discharge troughs (201) has four sections, and a second set of hobs (206) is located between every two sections of the first set of discharge troughs (201).

4. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short blade (504) is inclined on one side and fixed on the curved surface of the drill body (500) on the other side.

5. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit (303) is set in a conical shape.

6. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield machine body includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of the telescopic column (207) is rotatably connected to one end of the second drive shaft, and the other end is movably connected to the second hydraulic cylinder. The other end of the second drive shaft is fixedly connected to the cutterhead (200).

7. The shield cutterhead (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (205), water nozzle (506) and fire nozzle (501) are all connected to the cutterhead (200) of the tunnel boring machine via flanges (400).

Images