Method for producing hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feed gas

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of method for generating hydrogen fuel cell based on hydrogen-containing raw gas, comprising: 1) selecting two-dimensional material film;2) activate two-dimensional material film to generate catalytic performance;3) hydrogen-containing raw gas is imported to the side of two-dimensional material film;4) under the catalysis of activated two-dimensional material film, hydrogen-containing raw gas imported is decomposed into proton and electron;5) under the driving of concentration difference and potential difference, the proton prepared in step 4) is transferred to the cathode of battery by two-dimensional material film, and electron moves from anode to cathode by external circuit, forms hydrogen fuel cell.The present application provides a kind of method for generating hydrogen fuel cell based on hydrogen-containing raw gas, which is not affected by environmental conditions, and the temperature range is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for generating hydrogen fuel cells, and more particularly to a method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feed gas. This invention is a divisional application of application number 2023105524750, entitled "Method and Application for Generating Protons Based on Hydrogen-Containing Feed Gas". Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean, efficient, and widely available secondary energy source. Hydrogen gas has a high calorific value, with an energy density reaching 140.4 kJ / kg, and is environmentally friendly, producing no carbon emissions from combustion. The development and utilization of hydrogen energy is currently a major strategic direction for global industrial innovation and energy transition. Hydrogen gas is already widely used in aerospace, military applications, and chemical power sources.

[0003] From a development or production perspective, current hydrogen production processes, including coal gasification, natural gas, methanol, industrial by-product hydrogen, and water electrolysis, always contain impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, resulting in purity levels that cannot meet high-precision usage standards. Furthermore, most chemical plants currently emit large amounts of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing feedstock gases (such as methane, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, ethane, and formaldehyde) in their exhaust gases, which are directly discharged into flare systems in existing production processes. This process consumes a significant amount of hydrogen, while a considerable portion is emitted with the exhaust gases, leading to both a waste of hydrogen resources and increased production costs. Therefore, extracting clean hydrogen from mixed gases and waste gases has become a focus of attention. Currently, there are three main methods for purifying and separating hydrogen from mixed gases: cryogenic separation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and membrane separation. Cryogenic separation requires converting the mixed gas from a gaseous to a liquid state, which consumes a large amount of energy and is costly, and lacks flexibility. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation requires controlling temperature and pressure to achieve hydrogen separation, resulting in large equipment and a large footprint. Membrane separation, on the other hand, offers unique advantages such as simple operation, low energy consumption, small footprint, and continuous operation. Commonly used membranes include metal, zeolite, and polymer membranes. Membrane separation of mixed gases is currently a purely physical process, typically utilizing polymer or amorphous carbon membranes. Therefore, controlling the membrane pore size is crucial; for example, a pore size of 0.25 nm allows H2 to pass through, but CH4 cannot. However, pore permeability and diffusion coefficients are easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, leading to reduced selectivity. Furthermore, all three methods mentioned above are generally limited to specific or lower temperatures, failing to achieve hydrogen separation and purification over a wide temperature range.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cells are not constrained by the Carnot cycle, thus they have high energy conversion efficiency, high power and density, and low environmental impact during power generation. They are the fourth generation of power generation technology after hydropower, thermal power generation and nuclear power generation, and have broad application prospects in distributed power stations, electric vehicles, ships and submarines, aerospace, mobile communications and weaponry.

[0005] The most widely used type of hydrogen fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Compared to other liquid electrolyte fuel cells, the PEMFC, with its excellent proton conductivity, avoids the inconveniences of liquid electrolyte operation and allows the PEMFC to be fabricated into a thin film of tens of micrometers, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery. Therefore, it features high power density, high energy conversion efficiency, rapid start-up at room temperature, no electrolyte leakage, low operating temperature, and rapid start-up and shutdown characteristics, making it widely recognized as the most promising power source for aerospace, military, electric vehicles, and regional power plants. Key materials for PEMFCs mainly include the proton exchange membrane, catalyst, gas diffusion layer, and bipolar plates. When hydrogen is used as a feedstock, the hydrogen at the anode is decomposed into H₂ under the catalytic action of the catalyst. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the cell via a proton exchange membrane (PEM), while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit. However, large-scale commercialization of PEM fuel cells faces challenges, primarily due to the high cost of key materials such as the PEM, gas diffusion layer, and catalyst. Regarding catalysts, the anode catalyst can only use Pt group metals or metal-containing supported materials; no non-precious metal catalysts have yet been discovered. For example, using methanol as fuel, Pt cannot completely catalyze methanol, producing CO and other oxygen-containing organic hydrocarbons, and CO poisons the metal catalyst. Currently, the most commonly used commercial catalysts are carbon-supported Pt catalysts, and using Pt nanoparticles supported on a carbon carrier is the best choice for PEM fuel cells. From a technical perspective, if a metal-free PEM fuel cell can be used, replacing the precious metal catalyst with a cheaper one would be a superior option.

[0006] Furthermore, the key technologies for hydrogen fuel cells are hydrogen storage and release. Regarding hydrogen storage alone, conventional methods include liquefied hydrogen storage, high-pressure hydrogen storage, and solid hydrogen storage using non-metallic and metallic materials. Among these, solid hydrogen storage is considered the future trend in hydrogen storage and transportation due to its relatively higher volumetric hydrogen density, lower storage pressure, higher safety, and lower energy consumption, and can also be considered a cutting-edge technology for hydrogen fuel cells. Solid hydrogen storage materials mainly include metal alloys, carbon-based materials, inorganic porous materials, chemical hydrogen compound materials, and metal-organic framework compound materials. However, current hydrogen storage materials still need to improve their performance in terms of safety, volumetric hydrogen density, and gravimetric hydrogen density; otherwise, they cannot meet the requirements for the practical utilization of hydrogen energy. An ideal hydrogen storage material can operate under mild conditions and possesses high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density, as well as a long service life. The most commonly required targets are a gravimetric hydrogen density exceeding 6 wt%, a hydrogen release temperature below 250°C, and an operating pressure below 2 MPa. With the continuous in-depth research on solid-state hydrogen storage technology, fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, with their hollow tubular structure and huge specific surface area, are theoretically expected to become highly efficient hydrogen storage materials. Studies have found that the interaction between carbon nanotubes and hydrogen is weak physical adsorption, which is reversible and relatively easy to desorb, thus helping to lower the hydrogen release temperature. However, its drawbacks include low selectivity, a small separation coefficient, and a hydrogen storage density of only 0.2 wt% under normal conditions, making it unsuitable for efficient hydrogen storage and transportation. Although chemisorption improves hydrogen storage density, its disadvantages include difficulty in desorbing the adsorbent. Some chemisorption processes are irreversible due to strong binding forces, resulting in excessively high desorption temperatures, hindering practical applications. Therefore, developing high-density novel hydrogen storage technologies and reversible hydrogen storage / release technologies in solid-state materials is currently a key research focus. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feed gas that is not affected by environmental conditions and has a wider applicable temperature range.

[0008] Technical Solution: To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for generating a hydrogen fuel cell based on hydrogen-containing feed gas, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Select a two-dimensional material thin film; 2) Activate the catalytic properties of two-dimensional material thin films; 3) Introduce hydrogen-containing feed gas into one side of the two-dimensional material thin film; 4) Under the catalytic action of the activated two-dimensional material thin film, the introduced hydrogen-containing feed gas is decomposed into protons and electrons; 5) Driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, the protons prepared in step 4) are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a two-dimensional material film, and the electrons move from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit to form a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0009] Preferably, the two-dimensional material film used in this invention is one or a combination of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide.

[0010] Preferably, when the two-dimensional material film used in this invention is graphene, the thickness of the graphene is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is hexagonal boron nitride, the thickness of the hexagonal boron nitride is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is molybdenum disulfide, the thickness of the molybdenum disulfide is 0.7 nm to 1 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the two-dimensional material thin film used in this invention has a size of 100 nm. 2 ~1m 2 The preferred size is 100nm. 2 ~100cm 2 ; Preferably, the specific implementation of activation in step 2) of the present invention is: introducing electrons into the two-dimensional material film, heating the two-dimensional material film, and / or subjecting the two-dimensional material film to light radiation.

[0012] Preferably, the activation in step 2) of this invention involves introducing electrons into a two-dimensional material film. The electrons are introduced by means of scanning electron microscopy, electrostatic generator, and / or ordinary power supply. The current for introducing electrons is 1pA to 10A, preferably 5pA to 5nA. The voltage used for introducing electrons is 1V to 50kV, preferably 1V to 500V. The applicable temperature for introducing electrons is -250℃ to 1000℃.

[0013] Preferably, the activation in step 2) of the present invention is to heat the two-dimensional material film at a temperature of 30°C to 800°C.

[0014] Preferably, the activation in step 2) of the present invention is when the two-dimensional material thin film is irradiated with light, wherein the light is natural light, artificial natural light and / or laser light; the wavelength of the light used for irradiation is less than 1000nm; and the applicable temperature of the light is -250℃ to 1000℃.

[0015] Preferably, in step 2) of the present invention, the activation is performed when the two-dimensional material film is irradiated with light, and the surface of the two-dimensional material film is coated with platinum, palladium and / or nickel.

[0016] Preferably, the hydrogen feed gas used in step 3) of the present invention is one or a combination of hydrogen, argon, ammonia, methane and ethane.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: This invention provides a method for generating protons from hydrogen-containing feed gas. This method utilizes light energy, heat energy, or electron injection to catalytically decompose hydrogen-containing feed gas into protons through a non-metallic material that can only permeate protons. The protons pass through this non-metallic material. Furthermore, this invention provides applications for preparing pure hydrogen, constructing hydrogen fuel cells, or storing and releasing hydrogen. In preparing pure hydrogen, this invention utilizes the concept that protons can freely pass through thin films such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide. Protons recombine with electrons in two-dimensional materials to form hydrogen, thereby achieving the extraction of high-purity hydrogen from mixed gas and waste gas. Simultaneously, this invention employs two-dimensional thin films with intrinsic structures such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, which possess high mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, and thermal stability. This enables hydrogen separation and purification over an extremely wide temperature and pressure range. Compared to the thin films used in other commonly used membrane separation methods, these films exhibit high thermal stability and excellent temperature resistance, thus providing a very wide applicable temperature range. Furthermore, the hydrogen-containing raw materials used in this invention include hydrogen, argon, ammonia, methane, ethane, and other hydrogen-containing raw materials. High-purity hydrogen is obtained by separating and purifying it from a variety of mixed gases, ensuring uniqueness and absolute exclusivity to other gases. This invention utilizes both electron injection and light-based methods, achieving instantaneous hydrogen purification within nanoseconds. This lays the foundation for future applications in aerospace, military, and fuel cells, providing a solid foundation for hydrogen energy. The preparation and purification process of this invention does not use or generate any harmful substances. The equipment is simple, requires little space, is highly efficient, and requires minimal energy.

[0018] In the preparation of hydrogen fuel cells, this invention utilizes light energy, thermal energy, or electron injection to catalyze the chemical process of decomposing hydrogen-containing fuel into protons and electrons using two-dimensional materials. Then, driven by concentration and potential differences, H… +Electrons are transferred from the anode to the cathode via a proton exchange membrane (PEM), while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit, thus realizing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. This invention utilizes the concept that protons can freely pass through thin films such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide, while other fuel materials are blocked by two-dimensional materials to prevent damage to the PEM. Protons and electrons generated by the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen fuel by the two-dimensional materials are transferred from the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit, thus realizing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. This invention can utilize two-dimensional thin films with intrinsic structures such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, which possess high mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, and thermal stability, enabling applications in hydrogen fuel cells across a wide temperature and pressure range. The two-dimensional materials used in this invention have the characteristic of blocking fuel, preventing fuel leakage to the PEM and also preventing the poisoning effect of the byproduct carbon monoxide on the catalyst. No harmful substances are used or generated during preparation and use; the equipment is simple, occupies a small area, is simple and efficient, and requires little energy. By controlling both electron injection and light, this invention achieves instantaneous switching of fuel cells within nanoseconds. This lays the foundation for future applications in aerospace, military, and fuel cells, providing a solid foundation for hydrogen energy.

[0019] In hydrogen storage and release, this invention utilizes the characteristic that solid materials such as graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, fullerene molecules, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide can only be permeated with protons. Combined with hydrogen plasma, light energy, heat energy, or electron injection, hydrogen is stored between the layers or within the cavities of the solid materials. During hydrogen application (release), the aforementioned solid materials are activated using light energy, heat energy, or electron injection, catalytically decomposing hydrogen to generate protons and electrons. The permeated protons and electrons recombine to regenerate hydrogen, thus releasing hydrogen from between the layers and / or within the cavities of the solid materials, achieving hydrogen storage and release. This invention is applicable to various layered materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide, which are semi-metals, semiconductors, conductors, and insulators, as well as solid materials with cavities such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and boron-nitrogen nanotubes. This invention utilizes pure solid materials with intrinsic structures such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, which possess high mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, and thermal stability. No elemental doping is required, and the intrinsic structure of the solid material is not damaged throughout the hydrogen storage and degassing process, enabling repeated hydrogen storage / degassing and a long service life. In this invention, the hydrogen degassing process is instantaneous, achieved through controlled electron injection and light, allowing the process to be switched on and off within nanoseconds. This invention uses the interlayer and / or intracavitary space of the solid material to store hydrogen. Compared to commonly used physical adsorption methods, this method allows only protons and electrons to pass through, resulting in higher selectivity and applicability to various hydrogen-containing gases with fewer limitations on feedstock gases. Furthermore, the operating pressure is low, enabling hydrogen storage at atmospheric or even low pressures, achieving a maximum mass density exceeding 9 wt%. In this invention, the solid material is activated during the hydrogen degassing process, allowing the process to occur at room temperature or even as low as 200 K, thus expanding the applicable temperature range. The entire process is reversible, allowing the solid material to be reused repeatedly. This invention is applicable to hydrogen-containing feed gases, including hydrogen, hydrogen-containing natural gas, propane, butane, and methanol, which has a wider range of applications and greater value than common adsorption methods that can only use hydrogen. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of producing pure hydrogen gas by injecting electrons in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of producing pure hydrogen by heating in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of producing pure hydrogen gas by means of light radiation in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention utilizing electron injection; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of storing hydrogen between graphene sheets using a hydrogen plasma method, as described in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of storing hydrogen between graphene sheets using a methane plasma method, as described in this invention. Figure 7 These are atomic force microscope images of hydrogen storage in the interlayer of hexagonal boron nitride, based on the present invention. Figure 8 This is an atomic force microscope image demonstrating the thermal stability of hydrogen storage in the interlayer of graphene, as described in this invention. Figure 9 This invention utilizes statistical graphs and atomic force microscope images of the time stability of hydrogen storage in the interlayer of graphene. Figure 10 These are Raman images of hydrogen stored between graphene layers in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a method for generating protons based on hydrogen-containing feed gas, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Select a non-metallic material that can only be permeated by protons. The non-metallic material is a two-dimensional thin film or a non-metallic solid material; When the non-metallic material is a two-dimensional thin film, the two-dimensional thin film is one or a combination of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide; when the non-metallic material is a non-metallic solid material, the non-metallic solid material is a two-dimensional thin film layered material or a solid material containing cavities; the two-dimensional thin film layered material is graphene sheet, hexagonal boron nitride sheet, molybdenum disulfide sheet, tungsten disulfide sheet, molybdenum diselenide sheet, niobium diselenide sheet, and tungsten diselenide sheet. One or a combination thereof; when the solid material is a cavity-containing solid material, the cavity-containing solid material is one or a combination of carbon nanotubes, fullerene spheres, and boron-nitrogen nanotubes; when the two-dimensional material film is graphene, the thickness of graphene is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is hexagonal boron nitride, the thickness of hexagonal boron nitride is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is molybdenum disulfide, the thickness of molybdenum disulfide is 0.7 nm to 1 mm; the size of the two-dimensional material film is 100 nm. 2 ~1m 2 The preferred size is 100nm. 2 ~100cm 2When the two-dimensional material film layered material is graphene sheet, the thickness of the graphene sheet is 2nm~1mm; when the two-dimensional material film layered material is hexagonal boron nitride sheet, the thickness of the hexagonal boron nitride sheet is 2nm~1mm; when the two-dimensional material film is molybdenum disulfide sheet, the thickness of the molybdenum disulfide sheet is 1.5nm~1mm; when the cavity-containing solid material is carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotube is single-walled carbon nanotube or multi-walled carbon nanotube, and the diameter of the carbon nanotube is 0.5nm-100nm, preferably 1nm to 10nm; when the cavity-containing solid material is fullerene sphere, the diameter of the fullerene sphere is 0.7nm-10nm, preferably 0.7nm to 5nm; the size of the cavity-containing solid material is 100nm. 2 ~1m 2 The preferred range is 100nm. 2 ~100cm 2 .

[0022] 2) Activating non-metallic materials to produce catalytic properties. The specific ways to achieve activation are: placing non-metallic materials in a plasma environment, introducing electrons into non-metallic materials, heating non-metallic materials, and / or subjecting non-metallic materials to light radiation. When activation involves introducing electrons into a non-metallic material, the electron introduction method is scanning electron microscopy, electrostatic generator, and / or ordinary power supply injection; the electron introduction current is 1pA~10A, preferably 5pA~5nA; the voltage used for electron introduction is 1V~50kV, preferably 1V~500V; the applicable temperature for electron introduction is -250℃~1000℃; when activation involves heating the non-metallic material, the heating temperature is 30℃~800℃; when activation involves irradiating the non-metallic material with light, the light source is natural light, artificial natural light, and / or laser light; the light source used... The wavelength of the light is less than 1000 nm; the applicable temperature for light irradiation is -250℃ to 1000℃; when activation is to irradiate a two-dimensional material film, the surface of the two-dimensional material film is coated with platinum, palladium, and / or nickel; when activation is to heat a non-metallic solid material, the heating temperature is 30℃ to 800℃; preferably, the heating temperature of graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes is 500℃ to 800℃; preferably, the heating temperature of hexagonal boron nitride sheets is 400℃ to 800℃; preferably, the heating temperature of molybdenum disulfide sheets is 200℃ to 500℃; and the heating temperature of fullerene spheres is 50℃ to 300℃.

[0023] 3) Introduce hydrogen-containing raw material gas into the non-metallic material side. The hydrogen raw material gas is one or a combination of hydrogen, argon, ammonia, methane, and ethane.

[0024] 4) Under the catalytic action of activated non-metallic materials, the introduced hydrogen-containing feed gas is decomposed into protons and electrons. Based on the above, the application of the method for generating protons from hydrogen-containing feed gas in the preparation of pure hydrogen, the construction of hydrogen fuel cells, or hydrogen storage and release is also provided.

[0025] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: Application A When using methods that generate protons from hydrogen-containing feed gas to produce pure hydrogen, the specific contents include the following: 1) Two-dimensional material films are selected, which are various two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide, which are semi-metals, semiconductors, conductors, and insulators. When the two-dimensional material film is graphene, the thickness of graphene is 0.5 nm to 1 mm. For example, the thickness of graphene is 1 mm for a single layer and 100 nm for two layers. When the two-dimensional material film is hexagonal boron nitride, the thickness of hexagonal boron nitride is 0.5 nm to 1 mm. For example, the thickness of hexagonal boron nitride is 1 mm for a single layer or 50 nm for a single layer. When the two-dimensional material film is molybdenum disulfide, the thickness of molybdenum disulfide is 0.7 nm to 1 mm. For example, the thickness of molybdenum disulfide is 1 mm for a single layer or 50 nm for a single layer. The size of the two-dimensional material film is 100 nm. 2 ~1m 2 100nm is preferred 2 ~100cm 2 .

[0026] 2) Activating two-dimensional material thin films to generate catalytic activity, specifically by introducing electrons into the two-dimensional material thin film (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), heating of two-dimensional material thin films (such as...) Figure 2 (as shown) and / or subjecting two-dimensional material thin films to light radiation (such as... Figure 3 (As shown).

[0027] Specifically, when the activation method is electron introduction, electron introduction is achieved through scanning electron microscopy, electrostatic generator injection, and / or ordinary power supply injection; the electron introduction current is 1pA~10A, preferably 5pA~5nA; the voltage used for electron introduction is 1V~50kV, preferably 1V~500V; and the applicable temperature for electron introduction is -250℃~1000℃. When the activation method is heating the two-dimensional material film, the heating temperature is 30℃~800℃, with a preferred temperature range of 500℃~800℃ for graphene, 400℃~800℃ for hexagonal boron nitride, and 200℃~500℃ for molybdenum disulfide. When the activation method is irradiation of the two-dimensional material film, the irradiation is natural light, artificial natural light, and / or laser light; preferably, the wavelength of the light used for irradiation is less than 1000nm; and preferably, the applicable temperature for irradiation is -250℃~1000℃.

[0028] When the activation method is to irradiate the two-dimensional material thin film with light, the surface of the two-dimensional material thin film is attached with metal platinum, metal palladium, and / or metal nickel. Metals such as metal platinum, metal palladium, and / or metal nickel have catalytic ability and can accelerate the hydrogen purification rate.

[0029] 3) Introduce hydrogen-containing raw material gas into the two-dimensional material film. The hydrogen-containing raw material gas includes hydrogen, argon, ammonia, methane, ethane, and other hydrogen-containing raw material gases. 4) Under the catalytic action of the activated two-dimensional material thin film, the hydrogen-containing feed gas introduced into the two-dimensional material thin film is decomposed into protons and electrons; 5) Protons and electrons recombine after passing through the activated two-dimensional material film to form pure hydrogen gas.

[0030] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 1 The method of purifying hydrogen involves injecting electrons, specifically: 1) Inject electrons into a two-dimensional material thin film and introduce hydrogen-containing feed gas into one side of the two-dimensional material thin film; 2) Separation and purification are carried out under the condition of electron injection, and pure hydrogen gas is obtained on the other side.

[0031] See Figure 2 The hydrogen is purified by heating, specifically: 1) Heat the two-dimensional material thin film and introduce hydrogen-containing raw material gas into one side of the two-dimensional material thin film; 2) Separation and purification are carried out under heating conditions to obtain pure hydrogen gas on the other side.

[0032] See Figure 3Hydrogen is purified using light radiation, specifically: 1) Place the two-dimensional material thin film under light and introduce hydrogen-containing raw material gas into one side of the two-dimensional material thin film; 2) Separation and purification are carried out under light conditions to obtain pure hydrogen gas on the other side.

[0033] The following will provide a detailed explanation of the specific technical solution for preparing pure hydrogen using a method based on the generation of protons from hydrogen-containing feedstock gas, with reference to specific embodiments: Example 1

[0034] Hydrogen gas is obtained by purifying hydrogen-containing feedstock gas using electron injection into bilayer graphene. Specifically, a hydrogen-containing mixture of hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon is introduced into one side of a bilayer graphene film at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 200 °C. The two-dimensional material film is a bilayer graphene film with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a surface area of ​​100 nm. 2 Electrons are injected into the bilayer graphene using an electrostatic generator (5nA current, 100V) to activate it. Under the catalytic action of the activated graphene, hydrogen atoms in the mixed gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the graphene. After passing through the activated graphene, they recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The graphene completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen. Since current experiments have confirmed that the honeycomb structure of graphene only allows the smallest proton particles to penetrate, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0035] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10 cm 2 100 cm 2 500 cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 2

[0036] Hydrogen gas is obtained by purifying hydrogen-containing feedstock gas using electron injection into bilayer graphene. Specifically, a hydrogen-containing mixture of methane and argon is fed into one side of a bilayer graphene film at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 200 °C. The two-dimensional material film is a bilayer graphene film with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a surface area of ​​100 nm. 2Electrons are injected into bilayer graphene using an electrostatic generator (5nA current, 100V) to activate it. Under the catalytic action of the activated graphene, hydrogen atoms in methane are decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the graphene. After passing through the activated graphene, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The graphene completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen. Since current experiments have confirmed that the honeycomb structure of graphene only allows the smallest proton particles to penetrate, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0037] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 3

[0038] Hydrogen gas is purified from hydrogen-containing feedstock by injecting electrons into a triple-layered hexagonal boron nitride. Specifically, a mixture of hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon is fed into one side of the triple-layered hexagonal boron nitride. The gas pressure is 1 MPa, and the temperature is 200 °C. The two-dimensional material film is a triple-layered boron nitride with a thickness of approximately 1.5 nm and a surface area of ​​100 nm. 2 The triple-layer boron nitride is activated by injecting electrons into it using an electrostatic generator with a current of 5nA and a voltage of 100V. Under the catalytic action of the activated boron nitride, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated boron nitride layer. After passing through the activated layer, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The boron nitride layer completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen gas.

[0039] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film as the three-layer hexagonal boron nitride, the size and area of ​​the three-layer hexagonal boron nitride can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10 cm 2 100 cm 2500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 4

[0040] Hydrogen gas was purified from hydrogen-containing feedstock by injecting electrons into a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon were introduced into one side of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, with the mixed gas pressure at 1 MPa and the temperature at 200 °C. The two-dimensional material film was a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a size of 100 nm. 2 Electrons are injected into a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide using an electrostatic generator with a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V to activate it. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The molybdenum disulfide completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen gas. Since current experiments have confirmed that the three-layered atomic structure of molybdenum disulfide only allows the smallest particle, the proton, to penetrate, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0041] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film being a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer molybdenum disulfide can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 5

[0042] Hydrogen gas is obtained by purifying hydrogen-containing feedstock gas using heating of a monolayer molybdenum disulfide (thermal energy is used in this embodiment). Specifically, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon are introduced into one side of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, with the mixed gas pressure at 1 MPa and the temperature at 200°C. The two-dimensional material film is a monolayer molybdenum disulfide with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a size of 100 nm. 2The process involves activating a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by heating it to 300°C (heating generates a small amount of hot electrons). Under the catalytic action of the heated MoS2, hydrogen gas is decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated MoS2. After passing through the activated MoS2, they recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The MoS2 completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen. Since current experiments have confirmed that the three-layered structure of MoS2 only allows the smallest particle, the proton, to pass through, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0043] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film being a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer molybdenum disulfide can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10 cm 2 100 cm 2 500 cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 6

[0044] Hydrogen gas is obtained by purifying hydrogen-containing feedstock gas using laser irradiation of a monolayer molybdenum disulfide (in this embodiment, the energy source is a laser, i.e., electrons are generated by laser radiation). Specifically, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon gas are introduced into one side of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, with the mixed gas pressure at 1 MPa and the temperature at 200°C. The two-dimensional material film is a monolayer molybdenum disulfide with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a size of 100 nm. 2 The monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoDS) is activated by laser irradiation at a wavelength of 532 nm. Under the catalytic action of the activated MoDS, hydrogen gas is decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated MoDS, and after passing through, they recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The MoDS completely blocks other non-proton particles, thus achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen gas. Since current experiments have confirmed that the three-layered atomic structure of MoDS only allows the smallest particle, the proton, to penetrate, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0045] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film being a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer molybdenum disulfide can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size within the range. When using laser irradiation, the laser wavelength can also be selected from any wavelength below 1000nm. Example 7

[0046] Hydrogen gas is obtained by purifying hydrogen-containing feedstock gas using natural light irradiation of a monolayer molybdenum disulfide (natural light is used in this embodiment). Specifically, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon are introduced into one side of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, with the mixed gas pressure at 1 MPa and the temperature at 200°C. The two-dimensional material film is a monolayer molybdenum disulfide with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and a size of 100 nm. 2 The monolayer molybdenum disulfide is activated by natural light irradiation. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen gas is decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The molybdenum disulfide completely blocks other non-proton particles, achieving the extraction of pure hydrogen gas. Since current experiments have confirmed that the three-layered structure of molybdenum disulfide only allows the smallest particle, the proton, to pass through, a hydrogen purity of over 99.99% can be achieved.

[0047] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film being a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer molybdenum disulfide can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10 cm 2 100 cm 2 500 cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 8

[0048] This invention utilizes laser irradiation of a double-layer graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles to purify hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing feedstock (exemplarily, this embodiment uses a double-layer graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles; of course, coating with metallic platinum also has the same effect). Specifically, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon are introduced into one side of a double-layer graphene, while the other side is coated with platinum nanoparticles. The mixed gas pressure is 1 MPa, and the temperature is 200°C. The two-dimensional material film is a double-layer graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles, with the platinum nanoparticles having a height of 0.5-10 nm and a size of 10 nm-500 nm. The graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles is irradiated with a laser at a wavelength of 532 nm to activate it. Under the catalytic effect of the laser irradiation, the double-layer graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles decomposes hydrogen into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the double-layer graphene. After passing through the double-layer graphene, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen. Bilayer graphene completely blocks other non-proton particles, enabling the extraction of pure hydrogen. Current experiments have confirmed that the honeycomb atomic structure of graphene only allows the smallest proton particles to pass through, achieving a hydrogen purity of over 99.99%. Based on the aforementioned unchanged conditions, and using a single layer of molybdenum disulfide as the two-dimensional material film, the laser wavelength can be selected from any wavelength below 1000 nm when using laser irradiation.

[0049] Application B When using the method of generating protons from hydrogen-containing feedstock gas to prepare hydrogen fuel cells, the principle is as follows: A two-dimensional material thin film catalyzes the chemical process of decomposing hydrogen-containing substances to generate protons using light energy, heat energy, or electron injection. This, combined with the characteristic that the two-dimensional material thin film only allows protons to permeate, blocks the hydrogen-containing fuel. + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a proton exchange membrane, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, thus realizing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0050] An exemplary method for the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing fuels using graphene to form hydrogen fuel cells, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it specifically includes: 1) Electrons are injected or heated into graphene of a preferred thickness for applicable applications to pass hydrogen-containing fuel through one side of the graphene. 2) Under conditions of electron injection or heating, graphene catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a proton exchange membrane, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, forming a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0051] An exemplary method for catalytically decomposing hexagonal boron nitride into hydrogen-containing fuels to form hydrogen fuel cells includes: 1) Electrons are injected or heated into a preferred thickness of hexagonal boron nitride, where applicable, to pass hydrogen-containing fuel through one side of the boron nitride; 2) Under conditions of electron injection or heating, boron nitride catalytically decomposes hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a proton exchange membrane, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, forming a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0052] An exemplary method for forming a hydrogen fuel cell by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing fuels using thin films of two-dimensional materials such as molybdenum disulfide includes: 1) In applicable situations, hydrogen-containing fuel is passed through one side of molybdenum disulfide by injecting electrons, heating, or sunlight into a preferred thickness of molybdenum disulfide. 2) Under the influence of electron injection, heating, or sunlight, molybdenum disulfide catalytically decomposes hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery via a proton exchange membrane, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, forming a hydrogen fuel cell. The concentration difference refers to the proton concentration difference across the two-dimensional material. The potential difference is the potential difference resulting from the decomposition of electrons.

[0053] The applicable two-dimensional material films are exactly the same as those in Application A, and will not be repeated in this Application B. Example 9

[0054] Using electron injection into bilayer graphene to catalytically decompose hydrogen fuel into H2O + Specifically, hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of the bilayer graphene at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of -20°C. The catalytic anode film is a bilayer graphene film with a thickness of approximately 1 nm (bilayer graphene is too thin and easily affected by external factors, so the measured range is 1 nm-1.5 nm, the same below), and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Electrons were injected into the bilayer graphene using an electrostatic generator at a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated bilayer graphene, hydrogen was decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through bilayer graphene, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit.

[0055] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on using a two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm, depending on the applicable environment. 2 10μm 2100μm 2 500μm 2 and 1mm 2 Any size in the range. Example 10

[0056] Using electron injection into bilayer graphene to catalytically decompose hydrogen fuel into H2O + Specifically, the process involves feeding hydrogen-containing methane fuel into one side of a bilayer graphene film. The methane gas pressure is 1 MPa, the temperature is 30°C, and the catalytic anode film is a bilayer graphene film with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Electrons were injected into the bilayer graphene using an electrostatic generator at a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated bilayer graphene, hydrogen was decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through bilayer graphene, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit.

[0057] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on using a two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm, depending on the applicable environment. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 and 1mm 2 Any size in the range. Example 11

[0058] Using hydrogen fuel containing hexagonal boron nitride injected with electrons as feedstock, catalytically decomposes it into H2O. + The electron injection process involves introducing hydrogen gas into one side of a triple-layered hexagonal boron nitride structure at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 30°C. Electrons are then injected into the boron nitride structure via an electrostatic generator. The structure is approximately 1.6 nm thick and has an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Adjusted according to the applicable environment, the current is 5nA and the voltage is 100V. Under the catalytic action of activated tri-layer hexagonal boron nitride, hydrogen is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery via hexagonal boron nitride, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via the external circuit.

[0059] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film as the three-layer hexagonal boron nitride, the size and area of ​​the three-layer hexagonal boron nitride can also be selected from 500 nm, depending on the applicable environment. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2500μm 2 and 1mm 2 Any size in the range. Example 12

[0060] Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen fuels into H2 using electron injection into a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide. + Specifically, hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, approximately 0.7 nm thick and 100 nm in area. 2 Hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 30°C is injected with electrons through an electrostatic generator into a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide at a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide monolayer, hydrogen gas is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery via a single layer of molybdenum disulfide, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit. Based on the aforementioned conditions remaining unchanged, and using a two-dimensional material film as the single layer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the single layer can also be selected from 500 nm, depending on the applicable environment. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 and 1mm 2 Any size in the range. Example 13

[0061] Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O by heating a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide + And electrons (in this embodiment, thermal energy is used), specifically: hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, with a thickness of about 0.7 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 30°C is heated to 300°C using a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery via a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit. Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, and using a two-dimensional material film as the monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m2 Any size in the range. Example 14

[0062] Using laser irradiation of monolayer molybdenum disulfide to catalytically decompose hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O + And electrons (in this embodiment, the energy source is a laser), specifically: hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, with a thickness of about 0.7 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Adjusted according to the applicable environment, the hydrogen gas pressure is 1 MPa, the temperature is -30℃, and a single layer of molybdenum disulfide is irradiated with a laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. Under the catalytic action of the activated single layer of molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery via a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode via an external circuit. Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, and using a two-dimensional material film as the monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size within the range. When using laser irradiation, the laser wavelength can also be selected from any wavelength below 1000 nm. Example 15

[0063] Using solar radiation to irradiate a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide to catalytically decompose hydrogen-containing fuels into H2O. + And electrons (in this embodiment, the energy source is sunlight), specifically: hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, with a thickness of about 0.7 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 Hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 30°C is irradiated by sunlight onto a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen gas is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a single layer of molybdenum disulfide, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit.

[0064] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material thin film being a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, the size and area of ​​the monolayer molybdenum disulfide can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2500μm 2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range. Example 16

[0065] Using laser irradiation to cover platinum nanoparticles in bilayer graphene to catalytically decompose hydrogen fuel into H2O. + Specifically, hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of a bilayer graphene coated with platinum nanoparticles, with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 The hydrogen gas pressure was 1 MPa, the temperature was 30℃, and the platinum nanoparticles had a height of 0.5-10 nm and a size of 10 nm-50 nm. A bilayer of graphene covered with platinum nanoparticles was irradiated with a laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. Under the synergistic catalytic effect of the activated bilayer graphene and platinum nanoparticles, hydrogen gas was decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a bilayer of graphene covering platinum nanoparticles, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit.

[0066] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1 cm 2 10 cm 2 100 cm 2 500 cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size within the range. When using laser irradiation, the laser wavelength can also be selected from any wavelength below 1000 nm. Example 17

[0067] Using electron injection into bilayer graphene to catalytically decompose hydrogen fuel into H2O + Specifically, the process involves feeding a hydrogen-containing mixture of methanol fuel into one side of a bilayer graphene (in this embodiment, hydrogen-containing fuels include natural gas, ethane, propane, butane, and methanol, etc.), with a thickness of approximately 1 nm and an area of ​​100 nm. 2 The mixed gas pressure was 1 MPa, the temperature was 30℃, and electrons were injected into the bilayer graphene through an electrostatic generator with a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated bilayer graphene, hydrogen was decomposed into H₂.+ And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons are transferred to the cathode of the battery through bilayer graphene, while electrons move from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit.

[0068] With all other conditions remaining unchanged, and based on the two-dimensional material film as the bilayer graphene, the size and area of ​​the bilayer graphene can also be selected from 500 nm. 2 10μm 2 100μm 2 500μm 2 1cm 2 10cm 2 100cm 2 500cm 2 and 1m 2 Any size in the range.

[0069] Application C The method of generating protons from hydrogen-containing feedstock gas for hydrogen storage and release works by utilizing the characteristic that solid materials such as graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, fullerene molecules, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide can only be permeated with protons. Combined with hydrogen plasma, light energy, heat energy, or electron injection, hydrogen is stored between the layers or within the cavities of the solid materials. When hydrogen is used, the solid materials are activated by light energy, heat energy, or electron injection, catalytically decomposing hydrogen to generate protons and electrons. The permeated protons and electrons recombine to regenerate hydrogen, thus releasing it from between the layers and / or within the cavities of the solid materials, achieving hydrogen storage and release.

[0070] The specific method includes a hydrogen storage process and a hydrogen release process. The hydrogen storage process includes the following steps: a1) Select a non-metallic material that can only be permeated by protons; a2) Activating non-metallic materials to produce catalytic properties; a3) Introduce hydrogen-containing raw material gas into the non-metallic material side; a4) Under the catalytic action of activated non-metallic materials, the introduced hydrogen-containing raw material gas is decomposed into protons and electrons; or hydrogen plasma technology is directly used to generate protons and electrons from the hydrogen-containing raw material gas. a5) Protons and electrons permeate into the activated non-metallic material, recombine in the non-metallic material to form pure hydrogen gas, and are stored in the non-metallic material, thus completing the hydrogen storage in the non-metallic material. The hydrogen release process includes the following steps: b1) Activates non-metallic materials containing hydrogen and produces catalytic properties; b2) Under the catalysis of activated non-metallic materials, the hydrogen gas stored in the non-metallic materials is decomposed into protons and electrons; b3) The protons and electrons obtained in step b2) pass through the activated non-metallic material and recombine to form pure hydrogen gas, thus completing the release of hydrogen from the non-metallic material.

[0071] Taking two-dimensional material sheets such as graphene sheets, hexagonal boron nitride sheets, or molybdenum disulfide sheets as examples, the following explanation is provided: The high-density hydrogen storage and reversible hydrogen absorption / desorption in graphene sheets utilize the following hydrogen storage mechanism: 1) In a graphene sheet of preferred thickness for the applicable application, hydrogen gas is introduced into the space where the graphene sheet is located, and then plasma, thermal energy or electron injection are applied. 2) Under plasma conditions, hydrogen-containing gases (such as...) Figure 5 Hydrogen or Figure 6 Methane in the solution is decomposed into H2O. + And electrons, H + Electrons travel through the graphene interlayers and recombine to form pure hydrogen gas, which is then stored within the graphene layers. Specifically, the hydrogen gas stored within the graphene layers of 50-100 nm graphene sheets exhibits excellent thermal stability; heating at 150°C, 300°C, and 400°C in a vacuum for 4 hours did not reduce the amount of hydrogen gas stored within the graphene layers (e.g., ...). Figure 8 (As shown); and the time stability is excellent, with no decrease in hydrogen content observed in four samples at different altitudes stored under atmospheric conditions for 3-4 months (e.g. Figure 9 (As shown). Similarly, under conditions of electron injection or heating, activated graphene catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen-containing gas into H2. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons travel through the graphene interlayers and recombine to form pure hydrogen gas, which is then stored within the graphene interlayers. This interlayer hydrogen gas also exhibits excellent thermal and time stability.

[0072] The process of releasing hydrogen is as follows: During hydrogen release, the graphene sheets are activated using light energy, heat energy, or electron injection, catalytically decomposing the interlayer hydrogen to generate protons and electrons. The permeated protons and electrons recombine to regenerate hydrogen, thus releasing hydrogen from the interlayer and / or cavity of the solid material. The intrinsic structure of the graphene material (e.g., ...) is not damaged throughout the entire hydrogen storage and release process. Figure 10 As shown, it can be reused and achieve a long service life.

[0073] The high-density hydrogen storage and reversible hydrogen absorption / desorption process in hexagonal boron nitride thin films is as follows: Hydrogen storage: 1) In a hexagonal boron nitride sheet of preferred thickness for applicable applications, hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the space where the hexagonal boron nitride sheet is located, and then plasma, thermal energy or electron injection are applied. 2) Under plasma conditions, hydrogen-containing gas is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, H + Electrons cross into the interlayer space of hexagonal boron nitride, recombine to form hydrogen gas, and are stored within the interlayer space. Under conditions of electron injection or heating, the activated hexagonal boron nitride catalytically decomposes the hydrogen-containing gas into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons cross into the interlayer space of hexagonal boron nitride, recombine to form hydrogen gas, and are stored within the interlayer space, such as... Figure 7 The image shown is an atomic force microscope image of hydrogen storage using a hexagonal boron nitride interlayer.

[0074] Hydrogen release: Hexagonal boron nitride sheets are activated by means of light energy, heat energy or electron injection, which catalytically decomposes interlayer hydrogen to generate protons and electrons. The protons and electrons that permeate out recombine to generate hydrogen, thus realizing the release of hydrogen from the interlayer and / or cavity of the solid material.

[0075] The high-density hydrogen storage and reversible hydrogen absorption / desorption processes in two-dimensional material sheets such as molybdenum disulfide are as follows: Hydrogen storage: 1) In molybdenum disulfide of preferred thickness in applicable situations, hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the space where the molybdenum disulfide sheet is located by means of plasma, electron injection, heating or sunlight. 2) Under plasma conditions, hydrogen-containing gas is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, H + Electrons cross into the molybdenum disulfide interlayer, recombine to form hydrogen gas, and are stored within the molybdenum disulfide interlayer. Under conditions of electron injection, heating, or sunlight, the activated molybdenum disulfide catalytically decomposes the hydrogen-containing gas into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons cross into the interlayer of hexagonal boron nitride, recombine to form hydrogen gas, and are stored in the interlayer of hexagonal boron nitride.

[0076] Hydrogen release: By using thermal energy or electron injection to activate molybdenum disulfide sheets, the interlayer hydrogen is catalytically decomposed to generate protons and electrons. The permeated protons and electrons recombine to generate hydrogen, thus releasing hydrogen from the interlayer and / or cavity of the solid material.

[0077] The high-density hydrogen storage and reversible hydrogen absorption / desorption processes in low-dimensional cavity materials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and boron nitride tubes are as follows: Hydrogen storage: 1) In a cavity material of a preferred diameter in an applicable context, hydrogen gas is introduced into the space where the cavity material is located, and then plasma, thermal energy or electron injection are applied. 2) Under plasma conditions, hydrogen-containing gas is decomposed into H₂. + And electrons, H + Electrons pass through and enter the cavity of the hollow material, recombine to form hydrogen gas, and are stored within the cavity. Under conditions such as electron injection or heating, the activated hollow material catalytically decomposes the hydrogen-containing gas into H2O. + And electrons, and then, driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, H + Electrons travel through the cavity material and recombine to form hydrogen gas, which is then stored inside the cavity material.

[0078] Hydrogen release: By using light energy, heat energy, or electron injection to activate the cavity material, the hydrogen gas inside the cavity is catalytically decomposed to generate protons and electrons. The protons and electrons that permeate out recombine to generate hydrogen gas, thereby releasing hydrogen gas from the interlayer and / or cavity of the solid material.

[0079] Solid material films include various layered materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide, as well as cavitary solid materials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and boron-nitrogen nanotubes.

[0080] The plasma is provided by an auxiliary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus (existing technology), which includes a plasma generator, a dry pump, a molecular pump, and a graphite heating plate. The plasma generator is an inductively coupled plasma generator with an adjustable power range of 5W to 500W and is equipped with an adjustable pressure of 10... -5 Pa~1 atm, with a controllable temperature range of 20℃~800℃. In the plasma hydrogen storage process, the preferred power is 10W~100W. Plasma technology adjusts the reaction temperature, pressure, reactant gas flow rate, heating time, plasma intensity, and reaction time. The reaction temperature is 50℃~800℃, with a preferred range of 100℃~800℃; the pressure is 10... -5 Pa ~ 1 atm, preferred range 10 -2 Pa~10 2 Pa; the carrier gas can be methane, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrogen, etc.; the gas flow rate is 5~2000 sccm, preferably 10 sccm~500 sccm; the heating time is 5s~5h, preferably 30min~2h; the reaction time is 5s~7200s, preferably 30s~1000s.

[0081] The method of injecting electrons is exactly the same as in application A, and will not be repeated in this application C.

[0082] When activated by heating, the heating temperature is 30℃~800℃. When graphene sheets or carbon nanotubes are used, the heating temperature is preferably 500℃~800℃. When hexagonal boron nitride sheets are used, the heating temperature is preferably 400℃~800℃. When molybdenum disulfide sheets are used, the heating temperature is preferably 200℃~500℃. When fullerene sheets are used, the heating temperature is preferably 50℃~300℃. Example 18

[0083] Hydrogen is stored in graphene sheets using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and then activated by electron injection to release hydrogen from the graphene. Specifically, the graphene sheets are placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The graphene sheets are four layers thick (approximately 2 nm thick) and preferably have a surface area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4 The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 500°C and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-G) with a power of 10 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content between the graphene sheets was controlled by varying the plasma time; in this embodiment, 300 s was used. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles between the graphene sheets were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content between the graphene sheets could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 9 wt%.

[0084] During hydrogen release, electrons are injected into the previously obtained graphene sheet sample for storing hydrogen using an electrostatic generator to activate the graphene. The electrostatic generator has a current of 5nA and a voltage of 100V. Under the catalytic action of the activated graphene, hydrogen atoms are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the graphene. After passing through the activated graphene, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen. Example 19

[0085] Hydrogen is stored in graphene sheets using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and then activated by electron injection to release hydrogen from the graphene. Specifically, the graphene sheets are placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The graphene sheets are four layers thick (approximately 2 nm thick) and preferably have a surface area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4The reaction chamber pressure was initially set to 6 Pa, then methane (or hydrogen-containing gas such as ethane) was introduced at a rate of 100 sccm. The pressure was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 500°C and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-GRP) with a power of 10 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content between the graphene sheets was controlled by varying the plasma time, which was set to 300 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles between the graphene sheets were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content between the graphene sheets could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 9 wt%.

[0086] During hydrogen release, electrons are injected into the previously obtained graphene sheet sample for storing hydrogen using an electrostatic generator to activate the graphene. The electrostatic generator has a current of 5nA and a voltage of 100V. Under the catalytic action of the activated graphene, hydrogen atoms are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the graphene. After passing through the activated graphene, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen. Example 20

[0087] Hydrogen is stored in a hexagonal boron nitride (BN) sheet using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and hydrogen is released from the BN sheet via electron injection. Specifically, the hexagonal BN sheet is placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The hexagonal BN sheet is four layers thick (approximately 2 nm thick) and preferably has a surface area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4 The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 500℃ and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-P) with a power of 30 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content between the hexagonal boron nitride (BN) sheets was controlled by varying the plasma time, which was set to 60 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles between the hexagonal BN sheets were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content between the hexagonal BN sheets could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 9.5 wt%.

[0088] During hydrogen release, electrons are injected into the previously obtained hexagonal boron nitride sheet sample for storing hydrogen using an electrostatic generator. The electrostatic generator has a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated hexagonal boron nitride, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the hexagonal boron nitride. After passing through the activated hexagonal boron nitride, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen. Example 21

[0089] Hydrogen is stored in a molybdenum disulfide sheet using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and then activated by laser to release hydrogen from the molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, the molybdenum disulfide sheet is placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The molybdenum disulfide sheet is 2 nm thick and preferably has an area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4 The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 500℃ and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-G) with a power of 10 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content between the molybdenum disulfide (MoD) thin film layers was controlled by varying the plasma time, typically 600 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles between the MoD thin film layers were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content between the MoD thin film layers could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 2.8 wt%.

[0090] During hydrogen release, the molybdenum disulfide sheet sample used for storing hydrogen is activated by laser irradiation with a wavelength of 532 nm using an electrostatic generator. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen.

[0091] When using laser irradiation, the wavelength of the laser can be selected from any wavelength below 1000nm. Example 22

[0092] Hydrogen is stored in a molybdenum disulfide sheet using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and then activated by natural light to release hydrogen from the molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, the molybdenum disulfide sheet is placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The molybdenum disulfide sheet is 2 nm thick and preferably has an area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 400℃ and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-P) with a power of 20 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content in the interlayer of the molybdenum disulfide (MoD) sheet was controlled by varying the plasma time, typically 200 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles in the interlayer of the prepared sample were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content in the interlayer of the MoD sheet could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 2.8 wt%.

[0093] During hydrogen release, the molybdenum disulfide sheet sample that has been used to store hydrogen is activated by natural light irradiation using an electrostatic generator. This decomposes the hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons, which can freely pass through the molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen, thus releasing pure hydrogen. Example 23

[0094] Hydrogen is stored in a molybdenum disulfide sheet using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and then activated by heating to release hydrogen from the molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, the molybdenum disulfide sheet is placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The molybdenum disulfide sheet is 2 nm thick and preferably has an area of ​​100 μm. 2 When the pressure in the reaction chamber is <10... -4 The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 200°C and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-G) with a power of 10 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content in the interlayer of the molybdenum disulfide (MoD) sheet was controlled by varying the plasma time, typically 600 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally before removal. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles in the interlayer of the prepared sample were observed using an atomic force microscope. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen storage content in the interlayer of the MoD sheet could be calculated, yielding a maximum hydrogen mass density of 2.8 wt%.

[0095] During hydrogen release, the molybdenum disulfide sheet sample containing hydrogen, obtained above, is activated by heating using an electrostatic generator at a temperature of 300°C. Under the catalytic action of the heated monolayer molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen. Example 24

[0096] Hydrogen storage in a molybdenum disulfide (MoDS) sheet is assisted by electron injection, and the MoDS is activated by laser to release hydrogen. Specifically, hydrogen gas is introduced into one side of the MoDS sheet at a pressure of 3 MPa. The MoDS sheet is approximately 10 nm thick and has a surface area of ​​100 nm. 2 Molybdenum disulfide was activated via electron injection, using an electrostatic generator with a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the electron-injected monolayer of molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen gas was decomposed into protons and electrons. Driven by a concentration gradient, protons and electrons could freely pass through molybdenum disulfide. After passing through, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas. The number and size of hydrogen bubbles in the interlayer of the prepared sample were observed using atomic force microscopy. Based on the number and size of the bubbles, the hydrogen content stored in the interlayer of the molybdenum disulfide sheet could be calculated, with the highest calculated hydrogen mass density being 2.8 wt%.

[0097] During hydrogen release, the molybdenum disulfide sheet sample containing hydrogen, obtained above, is activated by laser irradiation using an electrostatic generator at a wavelength of 532 nm. Under the catalytic action of the activated molybdenum disulfide, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. These protons and electrons can freely pass through the activated molybdenum disulfide. After passing through the activated molybdenum disulfide, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen. When using laser irradiation, the laser wavelength can also be selected from any wavelength below 1000 nm. Example 25

[0098] Hydrogen is stored in cavities within single-walled carbon nanotubes using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PLCVD), and then activated by electron injection to release hydrogen from the single-walled carbon nanotubes. Specifically, single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 nm-3 nm are placed in a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition apparatus, and the preferred area of ​​the flatly laid carbon nanotube film is 500 μm. 2 The film thickness is 3 nm. The reaction chamber pressure should be <10. -4 The pressure was increased to 6 Pa, then hydrogen gas was introduced at 180 sccm. The pressure in the reaction chamber was stabilized at 6 Pa using a pressure regulating valve. The temperature was then raised to 800℃ and maintained for 10 minutes to ensure thermal uniformity of the substrate. An inductively coupled plasma generator (ICP-G) with a power of 10 W was activated. The hydrogen storage content between the graphene sheets was controlled by varying the plasma time, which was set to 600 s. After completion, the heating was turned off, and the material was allowed to cool naturally before being removed. The prepared sample was weighed using a high-precision balance, and its mass density was calculated to be approximately 5 wt%.

[0099] During hydrogen release, electrons are injected into the previously obtained hydrogen-storing single-walled carbon nanotube sample using an electrostatic generator to activate the single-walled carbon nanotubes. The electrostatic generator has a current of 5 nA and a voltage of 100 V. Under the catalytic action of the activated single-walled carbon nanotubes, hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen gas are decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons and electrons can freely pass through the single-walled carbon nanotubes. After passing through the activated single-walled carbon nanotubes, the protons and electrons recombine to reform hydrogen gas, thus releasing pure hydrogen.

[0100] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas, characterized in that, The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feed gas includes the following steps: 1) Select a two-dimensional material thin film; 2) Activate the catalytic properties of two-dimensional material thin films; 3) Introduce hydrogen-containing feed gas into one side of the two-dimensional material thin film; 4) Under the catalytic action of the activated two-dimensional material thin film, the introduced hydrogen-containing feed gas is decomposed into protons and electrons; 5) Driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, the protons prepared in step 4) are transferred to the cathode of the battery through a two-dimensional material thin film, and the electrons move from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit to form a hydrogen fuel cell. The two-dimensional material film is one or a combination of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, niobium diselenide, and tungsten diselenide; the specific implementation of activation in step 2) is: introducing electrons into the two-dimensional material film, heating the two-dimensional material film, and / or subjecting the two-dimensional material film to light radiation; In step 2), activation refers to irradiating the two-dimensional material film with light, wherein the surface of the two-dimensional material film is coated with platinum, palladium, and / or nickel.

2. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the two-dimensional material film is graphene, the thickness of the graphene is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is hexagonal boron nitride, the thickness of the hexagonal boron nitride is 0.5 nm to 1 mm; when the two-dimensional material film is molybdenum disulfide, the thickness of the molybdenum disulfide is 0.7 nm to 1 mm.

3. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The size of the two-dimensional material thin film is 100 nm. 2 ~1m 2 .

4. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The size of the two-dimensional material thin film is 100 nm. 2 ~100cm 2 .

5. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The activation in step 2) is the introduction of electrons into the two-dimensional material film. The electrons are introduced by means of scanning electron microscope injection, electrostatic generator injection and / or ordinary power supply injection. The current for introducing electrons is 1pA~10A, the voltage used for introducing electrons is 1V~50kV, and the applicable temperature for introducing electrons is -250℃~1000℃.

6. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current for introducing electrons is 5pA to 5nA; the voltage used for introducing electrons is 1V to 500V.

7. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activation in step 2) refers to heating the two-dimensional material film at a temperature of 30℃ to 800℃.

8. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activation in step 2) refers to irradiating the two-dimensional material thin film with light, wherein the light is natural light, artificial natural light, and / or laser light; the wavelength of the light used for irradiation is less than 1000 nm; and the applicable temperature for irradiation is -250℃ to 1000℃.

9. The method for generating hydrogen fuel cells based on hydrogen-containing feedstock gas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen feed gas in step 3) is one or a combination of hydrogen, ammonia, methane, and ethane.

Images