An antenna unit, electronic device

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna unit and electronic device, relating to the field of mobile communication technology. The antenna unit features a large radiation width, a low profile, and high concealment and aesthetic appeal. The antenna unit includes: a ground layer and a support layer, a first radiating layer, a dielectric layer, and a second radiating layer sequentially stacked on the ground layer; the first radiating layer includes a first substrate, a first radiator disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer, and a feed line, wherein the first radiator and the feed line are electrically connected; the second radiating layer includes a second substrate and a second radiator disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer; wherein the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the support layer overlap, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a grid-like structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and more particularly to an antenna unit and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of mobile communication technology and the advent of 5G infrastructure, antennas, as an indispensable component of mobile communication devices, are being used more extensively. In addition to higher electrical performance requirements for antennas, people are also increasingly demanding improvements in their profile and appearance. However, current antennas have relatively high profiles in the high-frequency band and relatively low aesthetic appeal.

[0003] Currently, there is an urgent need to design a new antenna to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna unit and an electronic device, wherein the antenna unit has a large radiation width, a low profile, and features high concealment and aesthetics.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, an antenna unit and an electronic device are provided. The antenna unit includes: a ground layer and a support layer, a first radiating layer, a dielectric layer and a second radiating layer that are sequentially stacked on the ground layer.

[0007] The first radiating layer includes a first substrate, a first radiator and a feed line disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer, wherein the first radiator and the feed line are electrically connected; the second radiating layer includes a second substrate and a second radiator disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer;

[0008] The first radiator and the second radiator have overlapping orthographic projections on the support layer, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a grid-like structure.

[0009] Optionally, the second radiation layer further includes a plurality of parasitic radiators, wherein the plurality of parasitic radiators include a grid-like structure;

[0010] The parasitic radiators are spaced apart from each other and are all disposed around the second radiator; each parasitic radiator is spaced apart from the second radiator.

[0011] Optionally, the number of parasitic radiators is even;

[0012] An even number of the parasitic radiators are evenly distributed around the second radiator.

[0013] Optionally, the orthographic projections of each of the parasitic radiators onto the support layer have the same shape.

[0014] Optionally, the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator onto the support layer are both centrally symmetrical.

[0015] Optionally, the centrally symmetric shape includes any one of the following: rectangle, rectangular ring, circle, circular ring, hexagon, hexagonal ring, hexagonal star, hexagonal star ring, rhombus, rhombus ring, cross, and cross ring.

[0016] Optionally, the feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line;

[0017] The first end of the first feed line and the first end of the second feed line are both electrically connected to the first radiator, and the second end of the first feed line and the second end of the second feed line both extend to the same side of the antenna element.

[0018] Optionally, the material of the support layer includes a transparent rigid material.

[0019] Optionally, the antenna element further includes:

[0020] A first substrate layer is disposed on the side of the second radiating layer away from the dielectric layer;

[0021] The second substrate layer is disposed on the side of the ground layer away from the support layer;

[0022] Both the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are made of transparent rigid plastic;

[0023] The grounding layer includes a grid-like linear structure.

[0024] Optionally, the medium layer includes an annular support unit, and the space enclosed by the annular support unit is filled with gas.

[0025] Optionally, the antenna element further includes an adhesive layer;

[0026] The adhesive layer bonds the first radiating layer to the support layer.

[0027] On the other hand, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna unit described above.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit, which includes: a ground layer and a support layer, a first radiating layer, a dielectric layer and a second radiating layer sequentially stacked on the ground layer; the first radiating layer includes a first substrate, and a first radiator and a feed line disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer, the first radiator and the feed line being electrically connected; the second radiating layer includes a second substrate and a second radiator disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer; wherein the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the support layer overlap, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a grid-like structure.

[0029] The antenna unit provided in this embodiment of the invention, on the one hand, adopts a stacked structure to arrange the first radiator and the second radiator opposite to each other, so that there is a coupling effect between the first radiator and the second radiator, which can effectively increase the bandwidth of the antenna and achieve a wideband antenna characteristic of 3300-3800MHz; on the other hand, both the first radiator and the second radiator are set as a grid-like structure, which can effectively improve the light transmittance of the radiating layer, so that the antenna unit as a whole has a transparent effect with excellent light transmittance, and the light transmittance range can reach 70%-88%, which has better concealment and higher aesthetics; furthermore, the above-mentioned radiating layer is attached to the support layer, and the support layer is a substrate with a certain mechanical strength, which further supports the radiating layer, thereby improving the structural stability of the antenna unit, resulting in a transparent antenna unit with improved mechanical hardness and improving mass production.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A top view of a first radiating layer and a feed line provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A top view of a second radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a grid-like linear structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 A top view of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the operating frequency and VSWR of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the operating frequency and isolation of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an antenna element at the center frequency, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 A graph showing the gain of an antenna element as a function of frequency, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the cross-polarization ratio of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 Sixteen shapes of the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator onto the support layer, respectively, provided in embodiments of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 The shapes of the orthographic projections of four parasitic radiators on the support layer provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect is only for the purpose of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0047] In embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0048] In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "above" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In embodiments of the present invention, the term "electrical connection" may refer to a direct electrical connection between two components, or an electrical connection between two components via one or more other components; "electrical connection" may refer to an electrical connection via a wire, or an electrical connection via a radio signal.

[0050] This invention provides an antenna element, with reference to... Figure 1 As shown, the antenna unit includes: a ground layer 6 and a support layer 5, a first radiating layer 4, a dielectric layer 3 and a second radiating layer 2, which are sequentially stacked on the ground layer 6.

[0051] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the first radiating layer 4 includes a first substrate (not shown in the figure), and a first radiator 41 and a feed line 42 disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer 3, with the first radiator 41 and the feed line electrically connected to the 42; the second radiating layer 2 includes a second substrate (not shown in the figure) and a second radiator 21 disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer 3. The orthographic projections of the first radiator 41 and the second radiator 21 onto the support layer 5 overlap, and both the first radiator 41 and the second radiator 21 include a grid-like structure.

[0052] Figure 2 A top view of the first radiator 41 and feed line 42 of the antenna unit is shown.

[0053] Figure 3 A top view of the second radiator 21 of the antenna unit is shown.

[0054] The shape and structure of the aforementioned grounding layer are not specifically limited. For example, the orthographic projection of the grounding layer onto the support layer can be rectangular, and the width of this rectangle along the direction perpendicular to the support layer is not limited. In actual use of the antenna unit, the electronic device will also include a signal terminal. One of the signal lines electrically connected to this signal terminal is electrically connected to both the grounding layer and the feed line, thus grounding the feed line. For example, the grounding layer includes, as shown below... Figure 4 The grid-like structure shown is a metal grid structure.

[0055] The material and thickness of the aforementioned support layer are not specifically limited. For example, the support layer can be made of transparent rigid plastic, such as PC (Polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate), or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate); alternatively, the support layer can be made of low-loss optical glass; or a material with the same or lower tangential loss than PC. For example, the thickness of the support layer along the direction perpendicular to the ground plane ranges from 1 to 3 mm.

[0056] The specific structure of the aforementioned dielectric layer is not limited. For example, the dielectric layer may include annular support units, with the space enclosed by the annular support units filled with gas, which may include air. For ease of fabrication and lower cost, air can be filled within the space enclosed by the annular support units.

[0057] The thickness of the first radiating layer, the dielectric layer, and the second radiating layer together along the direction perpendicular to the support layer ranges from 50 to 250 μm. For example, this thickness can be 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, or 250 μm, etc.

[0058] The material of the first radiator is not specifically limited. For example, the material of the first radiator can be a metallic material, such as copper, titanium, magnesium, etc.; or it can be glass fiber with a metal coating; or it can be a resin with a conductive carbon material coated on its surface, wherein the conductive carbon material includes graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes.

[0059] The shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiator onto the support layer is not specifically limited; its specific shape can be determined according to the type of antenna element and specific circumstances. For example, if the antenna element is a dual-polarized antenna, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiator onto the support layer needs to be a centrally symmetric figure; or, if the antenna element is a non-dual-polarized antenna, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiator onto the support layer can be any figure.

[0060] The material of the second radiator is not specifically limited. For example, the material of the second radiator can be a metallic material, such as copper, titanium, magnesium, etc.; or it can be glass fiber with a metal coating; or it can be a resin with a conductive carbon material coated on its surface, wherein the conductive carbon material includes graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes.

[0061] The shape of the orthographic projection of the second radiator onto the support layer is not specifically limited, and its specific shape can be determined according to the type of antenna element and specific circumstances. For example, when the type of antenna element is a dual-polarized antenna element, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second radiator onto the support layer is a centrally symmetric figure; or, when the type of antenna element is a non-dual-polarized antenna element, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second radiator onto the support layer can be any figure.

[0062] The number of feed lines is not specifically limited and can be determined based on the type of antenna element and specific circumstances. For example, in the case of a dual-polarized antenna element, the number of feed lines would be as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two feed lines shown are the first feed line 421 and the second feed line 422; or, in the case where the antenna element type is a non-dual-polarized antenna element, the number of feed lines can be one.

[0063] The overlap of the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer refers to: the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer completely overlapping; or, the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer partially overlapping. When the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer completely overlap, it can be that the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the support layer is within the orthographic projection of the second radiator on the support layer, or that the orthographic projection of the second radiator on the support layer is within the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the support layer, or that the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the support layer coincides with the orthographic projection of the second radiator on the support layer.

[0064] It should be noted that, except in the case where the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the support layer coincides with the orthographic projection of the second radiator on the support layer, in other cases, the ratio of the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer to the total area of ​​their respective orthographic projections on the support layer must be a preset ratio, where 0 < preset ratio < 1. That is, even when the orthographic projections of the first and second radiators on the support layer overlap, the area of ​​the non-overlapping portion of their respective orthographic projections on the support layer must not be too large compared to the total area of ​​their respective orthographic projections on the support layer.

[0065] Both the first and second radiators described above include a grid-like linear structure, which is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the mesh-like structure is a metal mesh structure. The line width of the metal mesh lines of the first and second radiators is not specifically limited here. For example, the line width of the mesh lines of the first and second radiators can both be in the range of 2μm-30μm, specifically 2μm, 10μm, 20μm, or 30μm, etc.

[0066] The spacing between adjacent grid lines in the first and second radiators is not specifically limited here. For example, the spacing between adjacent grid lines in the first and second radiators can be in the range of 20μm-250μm, preferably 50μm-200μm, specifically 50μm, 100μm, or 200μm, etc.

[0067] The thickness of the first and second radiators is not specifically limited here. For example, the thickness of the first and second radiators along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can both be in the range of 1μm-10μm, specifically 1μm, 3μm, 5μm, 7μm or 10μm, etc.

[0068] The transmittance of the first and second radiators is not specifically limited here. For example, the transmittance of both the first and second radiators can be greater than 70%. For example, the transmittance range is 70%-88%, specifically 70%, 78%, or 88%, etc.

[0069] The manufacturing process of the first and second radiators is not specifically limited here. For example, both the first and second radiators can be prepared by etching or imprinting.

[0070] The line width of the grid lines of the first radiator can be set to be smaller than the spacing between adjacent grid lines of the first radiator, and the thickness of the first radiator along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be set to be smaller than the line width of the grid lines of the first radiator. Similarly, the line width of the grid lines of the second radiator can be set to be smaller than the spacing between adjacent grid lines of the second radiator, and the thickness of the second radiator along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be set to be smaller than the line width of the grid lines of the second radiator.

[0071] On the one hand, by setting each radiator as a grid-like linear structure and combining it with a light-transmitting substrate, a radiating layer with good light transmittance can be obtained. On the other hand, by adjusting the line width, line spacing, and thickness of the grid-like linear structure, the light transmittance of the radiating layer can be further improved without affecting the electrical performance of each radiator, thereby improving the aesthetics of the ceiling-mounted antenna and allowing it to better blend into the surrounding environment.

[0072] It should be noted that the specific line width of the grid lines of the second radiator and the first radiator, the specific spacing between adjacent grid lines, and their respective thicknesses along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be the same or different.

[0073] A first radiator with a grid-like linear structure and a second radiator with a grid-like linear structure are bonded to a support layer via a first substrate and a second substrate, respectively. Adhesive layers can be disposed between the first substrate and the support layer, and between the second substrate and the support layer. In practical applications, this adhesive layer can be an adhesive, such as OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive).

[0074] The first and second substrates mentioned above are for supporting the first and second radiators with the grid-like linear structure, preventing damage to the grid-like linear structure. In order not to affect the light transmittance of each radiator, the substrate material may include high-transmittance PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) material; or PI (Polyimide) material.

[0075] An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit, which includes: a ground layer and a support layer, a first radiating layer, a dielectric layer and a second radiating layer sequentially stacked on the ground layer; the first radiating layer includes a first substrate, and a first radiator and a feed line disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer, the first radiator and the feed line being electrically connected; the second radiating layer includes a second substrate and a second radiator disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer; wherein the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the support layer overlap, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a grid-like structure.

[0076] On the one hand, by using a stacked structure to arrange the first and second radiators opposite each other, a coupling effect is created between them, which effectively increases the antenna bandwidth and achieves a wideband antenna characteristic of 3300-3800MHz. On the other hand, by setting both the first and second radiators as a grid-like structure, the light transmittance of the radiating layer can be effectively improved, giving the antenna unit an excellent transparent effect with a transmittance range of 70%-88%, resulting in better concealment and higher aesthetics. Furthermore, the radiating layer is attached to a support layer, which is a substrate with a certain mechanical strength, further supporting the radiating layer and improving the structural stability of the antenna unit. This results in a transparent antenna unit with enhanced mechanical rigidity, improving mass production capabilities.

[0077] Optional, see reference Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the second radiation layer 2 also includes a plurality of parasitic radiators 22, which include a grid-like structure; the plurality of parasitic radiators 22 are spaced apart from each other and are all arranged around the second radiator 21; each parasitic radiator 22 and the second radiator 21 are spaced apart from each other.

[0078] The number and shape of the parasitic radiators are not specifically limited, and can be determined based on the type of antenna element and specific circumstances. For example, when the antenna element is a dual-polarized antenna element, the number of parasitic radiators is even, and the shape of the parasitic radiators is a centrally symmetrical figure; or, when the antenna element is a non-dual-polarized antenna element, the number and shape of the parasitic radiators can be arbitrarily set. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The examples are all drawn with four parasitic radiators 22 and the shape of the parasitic radiators being a centrally symmetrical quadrilateral. In this case, the antenna is a dual-polarized antenna.

[0079] The aforementioned parasitic radiators include, for example: Figure 4 The grid-like structure shown is a metal grid structure. The linewidth of the metal grid lines of this parasitic radiator is not specifically limited here; for example, the linewidth range of the grid lines can be 2μm-30μm, specifically 2μm, 10μm, 20μm, or 30μm, etc.

[0080] The spacing between adjacent grid lines in the parasitic radiator is not specifically limited here. For example, the spacing between adjacent grid lines of the parasitic radiator can range from 20 μm to 250 μm, preferably from 50 μm to 200 μm, specifically 50 μm, 100 μm, or 200 μm, etc.

[0081] The thickness of the parasitic radiator is not specifically limited here. For example, the thickness of the parasitic radiator along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can range from 1 μm to 10 μm, specifically 1 μm-10 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm, or 10 μm, etc.

[0082] There is no specific limitation on the transmittance of the parasitic radiator here. For example, the transmittance of the parasitic radiator can be greater than 70%. For example, the transmittance range is 70%-88%, specifically 70%, 78%, or 88%, etc.

[0083] The manufacturing process of this parasitic radiator is not specifically limited here. For example, the parasitic radiator can be prepared by etching or imprinting.

[0084] The line width of the parasitic radiator's grid lines can be set to be smaller than the spacing between adjacent grid lines of the parasitic radiator, and the thickness of the parasitic radiator along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be set to be smaller than the line width of the parasitic radiator's grid lines.

[0085] The aforementioned parasitic radiators are spaced apart from each other and are all positioned around the second radiator. The arrangement of these parasitic radiators around the second radiator is not limited here; the specific arrangement can be determined based on the type of antenna element and specific circumstances. For example, when the antenna element is a dual-polarized antenna element, the spacing between the parasitic radiators is uniform; alternatively, when the antenna element is a non-dual-polarized antenna element, the parasitic radiators can be arbitrarily positioned around the second radiator.

[0086] For example, in order to reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process, the mesh-line structure of the parasitic radiator is set to be the same as the mesh-line structure of the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0087] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the orthographic projection shape of the parasitic radiator 22 on the support layer 5 can be rectangular.

[0088] In embodiments of the present invention, by setting multiple parasitic radiators around the second radiator, on the one hand, the antenna bandwidth is expanded and the antenna has stable high gain characteristics in the required frequency band; on the other hand, antenna matching is improved, thereby reducing the antenna profile.

[0089] Optional, see reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the number of parasitic radiators is even (four are depicted in the figure); the even number of parasitic radiators are evenly distributed around the second radiator. This allows for the formation of a dual-polarized antenna element, which has a wide bandwidth and can achieve a low profile.

[0090] Optional, for ease of production, refer to Figure 13 As shown, the orthographic projections of each parasitic radiator onto the support layer have the same shape.

[0091] Figure 1 and Figure 3 Taking the example where the orthographic projection of each parasitic radiator 22 onto the support layer 5 is a rectangle of the same shape, the resulting grid-like structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Of course, the shapes of each parasitic radiator can also be other centrally symmetric or non-centrally symmetric figures, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the shape of the orthographic projection of the parasitic radiator onto the support layer can also be a circle, a triangle, a rhombus, etc., depending on the actual application.

[0092] Optional, see reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 onto the support layer 5 are both centrally symmetrical. This allows for the formation of a dual-polarized antenna element, which is transparent, has a wide bandwidth, and a low profile.

[0093] The above-mentioned centrally symmetric figure is not specifically limited; for example, the centrally symmetric figure can be... Figure 12 The diagrams shown include matrices, rectangular rings, circles, circular rings, hexagons, hexagonal rings, hexagonal stars, hexagonal star rings, rhombuses, rhombus rings, crosses, cross-shaped rings, etc. Figure 12 The figure shown is an irregular shape composed of rectangles and triangles.

[0094] Optional, see reference Figure 12 As shown, centrally symmetric figures include any one of the following: rectangle, rectangular ring, circle, circular ring, hexagon, hexagonal ring, hexagonal star, hexagonal star ring, rhombus, rhombus ring, cross, and cross-shaped ring.

[0095] Optional, see reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, feed line 42 includes a first feed line 421 and a second feed line 422. The first end of both the first feed line 421 and the first end of both the second feed line 422 are electrically connected to the first radiator 21, and the second ends of both the first feed line 421 and the second end of both the second feed line 422 extend to the same side of the antenna element. This allows the second end of either the first or second feed line to be electrically connected to a signal input line from the signal terminal in the electronic device, feeding a signal to one of the feed lines. The other end of either the first or second feed line is connected to a grounding line from the signal terminal, achieving grounding. For example, the second end of the first feed line is electrically connected to the signal input line from the signal terminal in the electronic device, feeding an input signal to the first radiator through the first feed line, and the second end of the second feed line is connected to the grounding line from the signal terminal, achieving grounding.

[0096] Optionally, the support layer may be made of a transparent rigid material.

[0097] The grounding layer includes a grid-like linear structure.

[0098] The aforementioned transparent rigid material is not specifically limited. For example, the transparent rigid material may be PC (Polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate), or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate); or, the transparent rigid material may also be low-loss optical glass; or, a material with the same or lower tangential loss than PC.

[0099] The thickness of the aforementioned support layer is not specifically limited. For example, the thickness of the support layer along the direction perpendicular to the grounding layer ranges from 1 to 3 mm.

[0100] The aforementioned grounding layer includes a grid-like linear structure, which is a metal grid structure. The line width of the metal grid lines in this grounding layer is not specifically limited; for example, the line width of the grid lines in the grounding layer can range from 2μm to 30μm, specifically 2μm, 10μm, 20μm, or 30μm, etc.

[0101] The spacing between adjacent grid lines in the grounding layer is not specifically limited here. For example, the spacing between adjacent grid lines in the grounding layer can range from 20μm to 250μm, preferably from 50μm to 200μm, specifically 50μm, 100μm, or 200μm, etc.

[0102] The thickness of the grounding layer is not specifically limited here. For example, the thickness of the grounding layer along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can range from 1μm to 10μm, specifically 1μm, 3μm, 4μm, 7μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0103] There is no specific limitation on the light transmittance of the grounding layer here. For example, the light transmittance of the grounding layer can be greater than 70%. For example, the light transmittance range is 70%-88%, specifically 70%, 78%, or 88%, etc.

[0104] The manufacturing process of this grounding layer is not specifically limited here. For example, the parasitic radiator can be prepared by etching or imprinting.

[0105] The line width of the grounding layer grid lines can be set to be smaller than the spacing between adjacent grid lines of the grounding layer, and the thickness of the grounding layer along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be set to be smaller than the line width of the grounding layer grid lines.

[0106] For example, in order to reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process, the grid-like structure of the grounding layer is set to be the same as the grid-like structure of the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, the materials of the support layer, the first substrate, and the second substrate are both light-transmitting insulating materials.

[0108] For example, the light-transmitting insulating material includes any one of PC (Polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate), or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate).

[0109] Optional, see reference Figure 1 As shown, the antenna unit further includes: a first substrate layer 1, disposed on the side of the second radiating layer 2 away from the dielectric layer 3; and a second substrate layer 7, disposed on the side of the ground layer 6 away from the support layer 5; both the first substrate layer 1 and the second substrate layer 7 are made of transparent rigid plastic.

[0110] The specific shapes of the first and second substrate layers are not limited, as long as they can protect the first and second radiating layers.

[0111] The aforementioned transparent rigid plastic is not specifically limited. For example, the transparent rigid material can be PC (Polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate), or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate); or, the transparent rigid material can also be low-loss optical glass.

[0112] In embodiments of the present invention, the first and second substrate layers serve as both part of the antenna and as protective layers, ensuring stable reliability of the antenna during use in external environments. This integrated antenna-radome design makes the antenna structure more compact, reducing the overall cross-sectional height of the antenna. Figure 5 As shown; at the same time, it also avoids the impact of the radome design on antenna performance in the later stages.

[0113] Optional, see reference Figure 1 As shown, the dielectric layer 3 includes an annular support unit, and the space enclosed by the annular support unit is filled with gas.

[0114] The specific structure of the aforementioned dielectric layer is not limited. For example, the dielectric layer may include annular support units, with the space enclosed by the annular support units filled with gas, which may include air. For ease of fabrication and lower cost, air can be filled within the space enclosed by the annular support units.

[0115] It should be noted that at least one support column can also be provided between the first and second radiation layers to support them. In this case, the portion other than the support column is air, which can still serve as a dielectric layer. The number of support columns is not specifically limited here; for example, there can be one or more support columns.

[0116] Optionally, the antenna element also includes an adhesive layer; the adhesive layer bonds the first radiating layer to the support layer. This ensures a good bond between the first radiating layer and the support layer, and is simple and easy to operate.

[0117] The material of the adhesive layer is not specifically limited. For example, the material of the adhesive layer can be an adhesive, such as OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive).

[0118] Figure 1 A dimensional illustration of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application is also shown. For example, refer to... Figure 1 As shown, the length of antenna element h1 can be 100mm, the length of antenna element h2 can be 100mm, the length of distance h3 between the first substrate layer 1 and the second substrate layer 7 in the antenna element along the direction perpendicular to the support layer 5 can be 8.5mm, and the length of distance h4 between the second radiating layer 2 and the ground layer 6 along the direction perpendicular to the support layer 5 can be 4.5mm. It should be noted that the dimensions provided here are merely an example of the dimensions of this antenna element, and its actual dimensions are not limited to these and can be adjusted according to the specific circumstances.

[0119] The following provides a specific structure of a dual-polarized antenna element, and explains its operating bandwidth and related radiation direction characteristics based on this structure.

[0120] The first radiator, the second radiator, and the grounding layer are all... Figure 4 The metal mesh linear structure shown has a line width of 2μm-30μm, a spacing between adjacent mesh lines of 20μm-250μm, a thickness of 1μm-10μm, and the first radiator and the second radiator have the same shape.

[0121] Feeders include, for example Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two feed lines shown are ±45° feed lines.

[0122] The first and second substrates are made of the same material, and are either PC (Polycarbonate), COP (Copolymers of Cycloolefin), or PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate). The thickness of the first radiating layer, the dielectric layer, and the second radiating layer together along the direction perpendicular to the support layer ranges from 50 to 250 μm.

[0123] The specific dimensions of this antenna element can be found by referring to... Figure 1 Where h1 has a length of 100mm, h2 has a length of 100mm, h3 has a length of 8.5mm, and h4 has a length of 4.5mm.

[0124] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the operating frequency and VSWR of the antenna element is presented. From... Figure 7 As can be seen from the curves, under the standard condition of a VSWR less than 1.3, the operating frequency of this antenna element can cover the 3300MHz-3800MHz GHz band, exhibiting a wideband characteristic of 500MHz. This antenna element has a very wide operating bandwidth and can be applied to various communication systems, possessing broad application characteristics and ensuring the wide range of application scenarios for the wideband, high-gain, low-profile transparent dual-polarized antenna of this invention.

[0125] Additionally, it should be noted that the full name of the standing wave ratio is Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), which refers to the ratio of the voltage amplitude at the antinodes to the voltage amplitude at the troughs of a standing wave. It is also known as the standing wave coefficient or standing wave ratio. When the standing wave ratio is equal to 1, it means that the impedance at the input signal terminal and the impedance of the antenna are perfectly matched. At this time, all high-frequency energy is radiated by the antenna, and there is no energy reflection loss. When the standing wave ratio is infinite, it means total reflection, and no energy is radiated at all.

[0126] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the operating frequency and isolation of this antenna element is presented. Figure 8 As can be seen from the curves, within the 3300MHz-3800MHz (500MHz bandwidth) frequency band, this antenna element can guarantee excellent isolation of less than -19dB. This reduces signal crosstalk between the RF ports in the transparent dual-polarized antenna that ensures the wideband, high gain, and low profile of this invention, thus improving communication quality. It should be noted that isolation refers to the ratio of the power of the local oscillator or RF signal leaking to other ports to the input power.

[0127] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the antenna element's radiation pattern at the center frequency is shown. From Figure 9 As can be seen from the curves, the vertical beamwidth L1 of the antenna element at 7dB is 45°±5°, and the horizontal beamwidth L2 at 7dB is 64°±3°. This ensures that the broadband, high-gain, low-profile transparent dual-polarized antenna of this invention has a large beamwidth characteristic in the radiation horizontal plane, which can effectively cover a wider area.

[0128] Figure 10 The graph showing the gain of this antenna element as a function of frequency is displayed. Figure 10 As can be seen, within the 3300MHz-3800MHz frequency band (500MHz bandwidth), the gain of this antenna element is greater than or equal to 9dB, thus greatly ensuring the excellent signal transmission and reception capabilities of the wideband, high-gain, low-profile transparent dual-polarized antenna of this invention. It should be noted that gain refers to the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by an actual antenna and an ideal radiating element at the same point in space, under the condition of equal input power. Gain is a physical quantity that measures the degree of increase in radiated signal intensity.

[0129] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the cross-polarization ratio of this antenna element is shown. From Figure 11 As can be seen, the wideband, high-gain, low-profile transparent dual-polarized antenna of this invention possesses excellent cross-polarization ratio characteristics. The axial (0° radiation direction) cross-polarization ratio is greater than 50dB, and the ±38° cross-polarization ratio is greater than 10dB. This ensures that the signals received by the wideband, high-gain, low-profile transparent dual-polarized antenna of this invention are uncorrelated. It should be noted that the cross-polarization ratio of a dual-polarized antenna refers to the ratio of the primary polarization level to the cross-polarization level.

[0130] In the embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand, the mutual coupling of the multi-layer stacked structure enables the dual-polarized antenna of the present invention to obtain a wider operating bandwidth under low profile characteristics, while having stable high gain characteristics in its operating frequency band, which can improve the strength of the dual-polarized antenna's transmitted and received signals and ensure the stability of signal transmission; on the other hand, the dual-polarized antenna of the present invention has natural transparency under low profile characteristics, and has the characteristics of high concealment and aesthetics.

[0131] This invention also provides an electronic device including the antenna unit described above.

[0132] This electronic device can be hung on a wall or fixed to a metal pole, and can also be used in buildings, vehicles with transparent glass windows, various communication systems, and more.

[0133] This electronic device employs a stacked structure to arrange the first and second radiators opposite each other, creating a coupling effect between them. This effectively increases the antenna's bandwidth, achieving a wideband antenna characteristic of 3300-3800MHz. Furthermore, by setting both the first and second radiators in a grid-like structure, the light transmittance of the radiating layer is effectively improved, resulting in an overall transparent antenna unit with excellent light transmittance ranging from 70% to 88%. This provides better concealment and a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. Additionally, the radiating layer is attached to a support layer, which is a substrate with a certain mechanical strength, further supporting the radiating layer and improving the structural stability of the antenna unit. This results in a transparent antenna unit with enhanced mechanical rigidity and good mass production capabilities.

[0134] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application.

[0135] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, include: A grounding layer and a support layer, a first radiating layer, a dielectric layer and a second radiating layer are sequentially stacked on the grounding layer; The first radiating layer includes a first substrate, a first radiator and a feed line disposed on the side of the first substrate near the dielectric layer, wherein the first radiator and the feed line are electrically connected; the second radiating layer includes a second substrate and a second radiator disposed on the side of the second substrate near the dielectric layer; Wherein, the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the support layer overlap, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a grid-like structure; The first radiator with a grid-like linear structure and the second radiator with a grid-like linear structure are respectively bonded to the support layer through the first substrate and the second substrate; an adhesive layer is provided between the first substrate and the support layer, and between the second substrate and the support layer; The feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line; the first end of the first feed line and the first end of the second feed line are both electrically connected to the first radiator, and the second end of the first feed line and the second end of the second feed line both extend to the same side of the antenna element.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second radiation layer also includes a plurality of parasitic radiators, wherein the plurality of parasitic radiators include a grid-like structure; The parasitic radiators are spaced apart from each other and are all disposed around the second radiator; Each of the parasitic radiators and the second radiator are arranged at intervals.

3. The antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of parasitic radiators is even; An even number of the parasitic radiators are evenly distributed around the second radiator.

4. The antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shapes of the orthographic projections of each of the parasitic radiators onto the support layer are the same.

5. The antenna element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shapes of the orthographic projections of the first radiator and the second radiator onto the support layer are both centrally symmetrical.

6. The antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that, The centrally symmetric shape includes any one of the following: rectangle, rectangular ring, circle, circular ring, hexagon, hexagonal ring, hexagonal star, hexagonal star ring, rhombus, rhombus ring, cross, and cross-shaped ring.

7. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the support layer includes a transparent rigid material; The grounding layer includes a grid-like linear structure.

8. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element further includes: A first substrate layer is disposed on the side of the second radiating layer away from the dielectric layer; The second substrate layer is disposed on the side of the ground layer away from the support layer; Both the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are made of transparent rigid plastic.

9. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium layer includes an annular support unit, and the space enclosed by the annular support unit is filled with gas.

10. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit also includes an adhesive layer; The adhesive layer bonds the first radiating layer to the support layer.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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