A method for evaluating adaptability of pressure regulating means considering pressure regulating effect and cost

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of voltage regulating means adaptability evaluation method considering voltage regulating effect and cost, comprising, traversing entire distribution network, the kind of all controllable reactive resources and its four seasons typical day output characteristics are counted;Optimal reactive power dispatching model is constructed, and the typical day dispatching scheme of each controllable resource is obtained;The voltage out-of-limit degree score calculation method of distribution network under dispatching scheme is proposed;Voltage out-of-limit probability score calculation method of distribution network under dispatching scheme is proposed;Distribution network voltage regulating means cost score calculation method is proposed;Voltage out-of-limit degree score, voltage out-of-limit probability score, voltage regulating means cost score are weighted based on analytic hierarchy process, and distribution network voltage regulating means adaptability evaluation system is constructed.The method of the present application considers voltage regulating effect, voltage regulating cost and other factors, adopts the method that interval and probability power flow are combined, improves the comprehensiveness and practicality of adaptability evaluation result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system steady-state analysis and relates to a method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods. More specifically, it relates to a method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods that considers both the effect and cost of voltage regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Regarding uncertain power flow, power flow analysis methods that take uncertainty into account can be broadly classified into probabilistic power flow, fuzzy power flow, and interval power flow.

[0003] Probabilistic power flow has a relatively rich theoretical foundation and processing methods. Based on the assumption that uncertainties follow a specific probability or statistical distribution, it can be analyzed using theories such as probability allocation methods, domain methods, and stochastic dynamics to obtain probabilistic demand indices and system response probability densities. In power system analysis, it is commonly seen in uncertainties in the output of renewable energy sources such as wind power, and random load fluctuations. Interval analysis methods offer simpler and more direct modeling, and are more convenient to understand and calculate. Some scholars have creatively transformed interval power flow problems into optimization models, obtaining upper and lower bounds of the unknowns by solving the optimization model. However, existing research on voltage regulation effectiveness rarely considers source-load uncertainties, lacks economic evaluation of voltage regulation methods, and struggles to assess the adaptability of voltage regulation methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide an adaptive evaluation method for voltage regulation means that considers both the effect and cost of voltage regulation. This is a more practical decision-making method that considers both the effect and cost of voltage regulation in distribution networks.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods that considers both effectiveness and cost, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Traverse the entire power distribution network, collect statistics on all controllable reactive resources including on-load tap changer (OLTC), photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation capacitors, etc., and sort out their operating characteristics such as maximum output and switching operation limit at each time of typical days in the four seasons.

[0008] Step 2: Using the average voltage deviation rate of each node as the objective function and the output characteristics of each reactive resource as constraints, construct an optimal reactive power scheduling model and solve the optimization model to obtain the typical daily scheduling scheme for each controllable reactive power resource. In the constructed optimal reactive power scheduling model, the objective function is the average voltage deviation rate of each node, which is the average value of the voltage deviation rate of each node at 24 time points each day during a typical day in the four seasons. The expression is as follows:

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] Where ΔU is the average voltage deviation rate of the distribution network, T is the number of time points in a day, and N is the number of nodes. Let be the voltage deviation rate of node i at time t. Let U be the voltage at node i at time t. s_l with U s_u These are the upper and lower limits of the safe voltage range.

[0012] Step 3: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, an interval power flow algorithm based on the DistFlow power flow equation is used to obtain the degree of node voltage exceedance, construct a voltage exceedance degree score evaluation function, and calculate the voltage exceedance degree score; the details are as follows:

[0013] The DistFlow power flow equations used have been linearized and are expressed as follows:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] Among them, P j and Q j P represents the active power and reactive power required by node j, respectively. ij and Q ij P represents the active and reactive power transmitted along the branch from node i to node j, respectively. jl and Q jl These represent the active and reactive power transmitted from node j to node l, respectively. i and U j R represents the voltage magnitudes at nodes i and j, respectively. ij and X ij The impedance and inductive reactance of the branch from node i to node j are respectively, Ω. N and Ω L Let N and L be the sets of nodes and branches in the distribution network, respectively, and let N and L be the number of nodes and branches, respectively; U sub The voltage corresponding to the substation node; u(j) and v(j) represent the sets of downstream and upstream nodes connected to node j, respectively;

[0018] Based on the interval power flow results, the degree of node voltage exceedance is obtained, a voltage exceedance degree score evaluation function is constructed, and the distribution network voltage exceedance degree score under the dispatching scheme is calculated. The voltage exceedance degree score evaluation function is as follows:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, The average interval voltage deviation rate is given by T, where T is the number of time points in a day, N is the number of nodes, and S_v is the voltage exceedance score. The score represents the degree of voltage exceedance at node i at time t. Based on actual distribution network operation experience, a node voltage deviation rate greater than 10% is considered a serious exceedance and should be avoided as much as possible. A voltage deviation rate greater than 5% indicates a certain risk. Therefore, this function linearly distributes the percentages within the range of 10% to 5% for voltage deviation rates.

[0022] Step 4: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the 2n+1 point estimation method for probabilistic power flow and Cornish-Fisher series expansion are used to obtain the voltage probability distribution of each node; the details are as follows:

[0023] The probability of voltage exceeding the limit is calculated, a voltage exceeding the limit probability score evaluation function is constructed, and the voltage exceeding the limit probability score of the distribution network under the dispatching scheme is calculated; the voltage exceeding the limit probability score evaluation function is as follows:

[0024]

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, Let i be the probability score of node i exceeding the limit at time t. Let S_p be the voltage over-limit probability of node i at time t, and S_p be the voltage over-limit probability score. Based on actual distribution network operation experience, a node voltage over-limit probability greater than 20% is considered a serious over-limit and should be avoided as much as possible. This function linearly distributes the percentage score within the range of 20% to 0% for voltage over-limit probabilities.

[0027] Step 5: Based on the optimal reactive power dispatch scheme using only reactive power compensation capacitor banks as voltage regulation means, solve the capacitor switching scheme under this scheme, calculate its cost value as the benchmark cost of voltage regulation means, construct the voltage regulation means cost score evaluation function, and calculate the voltage regulation means cost score.

[0028] The cost of voltage regulation means includes operating costs and loss costs; operating costs include the adjustment cost of OLTC (on-load tap changer) and the switching cost of CBs (capacitor banks), that is, the cost required for each adjustment and shift of OLTC or each switching of CBs.

[0029] The switching cost required for each tap change of an on-load tap-changing transformer is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, Ω o Indicates a branch with OLTC, C cap K represents the cost coefficient associated with OLTC. t,ij This represents the number of tap steps of the OLTC connected to branch ij at time t (where i and j are nodes).

[0032] The switching cost required for adjusting the reactive power compensation capacitor bank is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, C cap This represents the cost coefficient related to the operation of CBs. This indicates the change in the number of CB (reactive power compensation capacitor) units connected to node i after the switch.

[0035] Loss costs include losses from reactive power compensation capacitors and losses from photovoltaic inverters.

[0036] Switching reactive power compensation capacitor banks can alter reactive power output, leading to equipment aging and other issues. The total investment cost is f. CB The investment cost of a single reactive power compensation capacitor f CB_s Assuming its service life is Y years, then its daily depreciation is f. CB_loss The expression is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] As a third-party entity, the photovoltaic (PV) inverter's participation in system voltage regulation causes losses to its equipment, which need to be compensated. If a fixed price is set for compensation paid to the PV owner based on the amount of reactive power the PV inverter participates in, then the cost of the PV inverter's participation in voltage regulation is:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, Let C be the reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at time t. e To compensate for the electricity price, Δt is the unit time during which the photovoltaic inverter participates in voltage regulation.

[0041] In summary, the total cost is:

[0042] f all =f switch_o +f switch_c +f TP +f CB_loss

[0043] Based on this benchmark cost, a cost score evaluation function for voltage regulation methods is constructed; then, based on a controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the cost score of voltage regulation methods in the distribution network is calculated. The cost score evaluation function for voltage regulation methods is as follows:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, C is the operating cost of the voltage regulation method, ΔC is the cost deviation rate, S_c is the cost score, and S b S1 represents the cost score corresponding to the benchmark value of pressure regulation cost, and S2 represents the score variation coefficients of the action cost on both sides of the benchmark value.

[0047] Step 6: Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the voltage limit exceedance score, voltage limit exceedance probability score, and voltage regulation cost score obtained in Steps 3, 4, and 5 are weighted to construct a comprehensive evaluation function for the adaptability of voltage regulation methods and calculate the adaptability score of voltage regulation methods.

[0048] Specifically as follows:

[0049] 6-1. Construct the judgment matrix

[0050] By comparing each criterion layer and each index under each criterion in pairs, an m-order judgment matrix A is obtained, where the element aij represents the importance of index i relative to index j. Generally, a 9-level scaling method is chosen, and the judgment matrix satisfies aji = 1 / aij.

[0051] 6-2. Determine the weight vector using the geometric mean method;

[0052] 6-3. Consistency Check

[0053] The resulting judgment matrix needs to satisfy logical consistency;

[0054] By obtaining the weights of each indicator, an adaptive evaluation function for voltage regulation measures is constructed:

[0055] S = [S _v ,S _p ,S _c ]×A T

[0056] A = [A1, A2, A3] is the corresponding weight vector, and the results of the voltage regulation method adaptability evaluation are obtained.

[0057] Advantages of the invention: The method of the present invention includes the probability and degree of node voltage exceeding the limit, and evaluates the voltage regulation effect of voltage regulation means from a multi-dimensional perspective, so that the evaluation results are more objective; The method of the present invention also includes voltage regulation cost evaluation, taking into account the economics of voltage regulation in distribution networks, making the adaptive evaluation closer to actual decision-making, and has higher application value in the planning and scheduling of voltage regulation means in distribution systems. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the adaptability evaluation method for voltage regulation techniques that considers both the effect and cost of voltage regulation according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 2 This is the improved IEEE-33 node system architecture diagram.

[0060] Figure 3 This is a comparison of the number of capacitors used in each embodiment.

[0061] Figure 4 This is a comparison of the OLTC tap positions in various embodiments.

[0062] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the reactive power output of photovoltaic inverters under various embodiments.

[0063] Figure 6 This is based on the capacitor switching scheme for a typical summer day when only reactive power compensation capacitor banks are used as a means of voltage regulation.

[0064] Figure 7 This is based on the capacitor switching scheme for a typical winter day when only reactive power compensation capacitor banks are used as a means of voltage regulation. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0066] A comparative experiment was conducted based on the following four schemes.

[0067] Example 1: An OLTC is installed at the beginning of the power distribution system for voltage regulation, and photovoltaic inverters are installed at 26 nodes to participate in reactive power dispatch. The OLTC output bus is equipped with 10 sets of reactive power compensation capacitors.

[0068] Example 2: 26 nodes are equipped with photovoltaic inverters participating in reactive power dispatch. The OLTC output bus is equipped with 10 sets of reactive power compensation capacitors.

[0069] Example 3: An OLTC is installed at the beginning of the power distribution system for voltage regulation, and photovoltaic inverters are installed at the 26 nodes to participate in reactive power dispatch.

[0070] Example 4: An OLTC is installed at the beginning of the power distribution system for voltage regulation, and the OLTC output bus is equipped with 10 sets of reactive power compensation capacitors.

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention, which illustrates the basic steps of the method of the present invention:

[0072] Step 1: Traverse the entire power distribution network, count all controllable reactive resources, and analyze their operating characteristics;

[0073] Step 2: Using the average voltage deviation rate of each node as the objective function and the output characteristics of each reactive resource as the constraint, construct the optimal reactive power scheduling model, solve the optimization model to obtain the typical daily scheduling scheme for each controllable reactive power resource;

[0074] Step 3: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the interval power flow algorithm based on the DistFlow power flow equation is used to obtain the degree of voltage exceeding the limit at the nodes, construct the voltage exceeding the limit score evaluation function, and calculate the voltage exceeding the limit score of the distribution network under the scheduling scheme.

[0075] Step 4: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the 2n+1 point estimation method is used to estimate the probabilistic power flow and Cornish-Fisher series expansion to obtain the voltage probability distribution of each node; specifically as follows: calculate the probability of voltage exceeding the limit, construct the voltage exceeding the limit probability score evaluation function, and calculate the voltage exceeding the limit probability score of the distribution network under the scheduling scheme.

[0076] Step 5: Based on the optimal reactive power dispatch scheme using only reactive power compensation capacitor banks as voltage regulation means, solve the capacitor switching scheme under this scheme, calculate its cost value as the benchmark cost of voltage regulation means, construct the voltage regulation means cost score evaluation function, and calculate the distribution network voltage regulation means cost score.

[0077] Step 6: Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the voltage limit exceedance score, voltage limit exceedance probability score, and voltage regulation method cost score obtained in Steps 3, 4, and 5 are weighted to construct a comprehensive evaluation function for the adaptability of voltage regulation methods and calculate the adaptability score of voltage regulation methods.

[0078] Figure 2 This is an improved IEEE-33 node system. The following uses this system as an example to illustrate the specific implementation of the method of this invention.

[0079] 1) Traverse the entire network and statistically analyze all controllable reactive power resources, including on-load tap-changing transformers (OLTCs), reactive power generation or absorption by photovoltaic inverters, and reactive power compensation capacitors, as well as their operational characteristics such as maximum output and switching operation limits at typical times of day throughout the four seasons. An improved IEEE 33-bus system is selected as the implementation case. In this system, the OLTC is located at the head end of the distribution network, with a voltage regulation range of 0.95 pu-1.05 pu and a tap spacing of 0.25 pu; 26 nodes are equipped with photovoltaic systems with a rated power of 1000 kW and a power factor between 0.8 leading and 0.8 lagging; 10 sets of reactive power compensation capacitors are located at the OLTC outlet bus, each with a capacity of 50 kVar. The improved IEEE 33-bus system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0080] 2) Construct corresponding reactive power constraints based on the reactive power output characteristics described in step 1), using the average voltage deviation rate of each node as the objective function. This value is the average of the voltage deviation rates of each node at 24 time points each day during typical days of the four seasons. Solve the optimization model to obtain the scheduling schemes for each controllable reactive power resource under typical days in different cases; compare the reactive power resource action schemes under the corresponding scheduling schemes in the four cases as follows: Figure 3 (Comparison of the number of capacitors installed) Figure 4 (Comparison of OLTC tap positions) Figure 5 The reactive power output of photovoltaic inverters is shown in the figure (taking summer as an example).

[0081] 3) Apply the reactive power resource action schemes under the four schemes in step 2) to the interval power flow analysis based on the DistFlow power flow equation to obtain the degree of node voltage exceeding the limit. Based on the constructed voltage exceeding the limit degree score evaluation function, calculate the voltage exceeding the limit degree score of the distribution network under the scheduling scheme. The voltage exceeding the limit degree scores of each scheme under the four schemes are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1. Scoring of Voltage Exceedance

[0083]

[0084] 4) Apply the reactive power resource action schemes under the four schemes in step 2) to the probabilistic power flow analysis based on the 2n+1 point estimation method to obtain the node voltage over-limit probability. Based on the constructed voltage over-limit probability score evaluation function, calculate the distribution network voltage over-limit probability score under the scheduling scheme. The voltage over-limit probability scores of each scheme under the four schemes are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2 Voltage Exceedance Probability Scores

[0086]

[0087] 5) Based on the optimal reactive power dispatch scheme using only reactive power compensation capacitor banks as voltage regulation means, solve for the capacitor switching scheme under this scheme, calculate its cost value as the benchmark cost of voltage regulation means. In this optimization model system, 12, 10, and 8 sets of capacitors are installed at the transformer outlet side, node 11, and node 28, respectively, with each set of capacitors having a capacity of 50 kVar. The dispatch scheme is as follows: Figure 6 (Based on the capacitor switching scheme for a typical summer day when only reactive power compensation capacitor banks are used as a voltage regulation method) Figure 7 (Based on the capacitor switching scheme for a typical winter day using only reactive power compensation capacitor banks as a voltage regulation method) (taking summer and winter as examples). Simulation results show that the number of capacitor switching operations on a typical summer day is 120, and the number is 46 on a typical winter day. In spring and autumn, due to lower load levels, the capacitor banks do not participate in reactive power compensation. Combining the proposed cost calculation method, the distribution network voltage regulation cost in the scenario where only capacitor switching is used as a voltage regulation method is 537.91 yuan. This value is used as the benchmark value for the voltage regulation cost score.

[0088] 6) Based on the benchmark value of voltage regulation cost score in step 5) and the proposed voltage regulation cost score calculation method, calculate the corresponding voltage regulation cost and corresponding voltage regulation cost score for each of the four cases. The voltage regulation cost and voltage regulation cost score for each case are shown in the table.

[0089] Table 3. Voltage regulation cost and voltage regulation cost score

[0090]

[0091] 7) The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign weights to the voltage limit exceedance score, voltage limit exceedance probability score, and voltage regulation cost score obtained in steps 3), 4), and 6), resulting in a corresponding weight vector A = [0.4, 0.3, 0.3]. The weights of each index were then applied to calculate the voltage regulation adaptability evaluation score for each case. The scores are shown in the table below.

[0092] Table 4 Adaptability Evaluation Scores

[0093]

[0094] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several foreseeable improvements and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. All such technical solutions after improvements and equivalent substitutions to the claims of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effectiveness and cost, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Traverse the entire power distribution network, count all controllable reactive resources, and analyze their operating characteristics; Step 2: Using the average voltage deviation rate of each node as the objective function and the output characteristics of each reactive resource as the constraint, construct the optimal reactive power scheduling model, solve the optimization model to obtain the typical daily scheduling scheme for each controllable reactive power resource; Step 3: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the interval power flow algorithm based on the DistFlow power flow equation is used to obtain the degree of voltage exceeding the limit at the nodes, construct the voltage exceeding the limit score evaluation function, and calculate the voltage exceeding the limit score of the distribution network under the scheduling scheme. Step 4: Based on the controllable reactive power resource scheduling scheme, the 2n+1 point estimation method is used to estimate the probabilistic power flow and Cornish-Fisher series expansion to obtain the voltage probability distribution of each node. The probability of voltage exceeding the limit is calculated based on the probability distribution, a voltage exceeding the limit probability score evaluation function is constructed, and the voltage exceeding the limit probability score of the distribution network under the dispatch scheme is calculated. Step 5: Based on the optimal reactive power dispatch scheme using only reactive power compensation capacitor banks as voltage regulation means, solve the capacitor switching scheme under this scheme, calculate its cost value as the benchmark cost of voltage regulation means, construct the voltage regulation means cost score evaluation function, and calculate the distribution network voltage regulation means cost score. Step 6: Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the voltage limit exceedance score, voltage limit exceedance probability score, and voltage regulation method cost score obtained in Steps 3, 4, and 5 are weighted to construct a comprehensive evaluation function for the adaptability of voltage regulation methods and calculate the adaptability score of voltage regulation methods. In step 4, the constructed voltage exceedance score evaluation function is as follows: ； ； In the formula, S_pt_i is the probability score of node i exceeding the limit at time t, Pt_i is the probability of node i exceeding the limit at time t, and S_p is the probability score of voltage exceeding the limit. In step 5, the cost score evaluation function for the voltage regulation method is as follows: ； ； In the formula, C is the operating cost of the voltage regulation method, ΔC is the cost deviation rate, S_c is the cost score, and S b The cost score is the benchmark value for pressure regulation cost, and s1 and s2 are the coefficients of score change of action cost on both sides of the benchmark value. The voltage regulation cost mentioned in step 5 includes operating costs and loss costs; the operating costs include the adjustment cost of OLTC and the switching cost of reactive power compensation capacitor bank, that is, the cost required for each adjustment and shift of OLTC or each switching of reactive power compensation capacitor bank. The switching cost required for each tap change of an on-load tap-changing transformer is as follows: ； In the formula, Ω o Indicates a branch with OLTC, C cap K represents the cost coefficient associated with OLTC. t,ij This represents the number of tap steps of the OLTC connected to branch ij at time t; The switching cost required for adjusting the reactive power capacitor bank is as follows: ； In the formula, C cap NCB represents the cost coefficient related to CB operation, and NCB t,i represents the change in the number of CB units connected to node i after the switch. Loss costs include losses from reactive power compensation capacitors and losses from photovoltaic inverters; Switching reactive power compensation capacitor banks can alter reactive power output, leading to equipment aging and other issues. The total investment cost is f. CB The investment cost of a single reactive power compensation capacitor f CB_s Assuming its service life is Y years, then its daily depreciation is f. CB_loss The expression is as follows: ； As a third-party entity, the photovoltaic (PV) inverter's participation in system voltage regulation causes losses to its equipment, which need to be compensated. If a fixed price is set for compensation to be paid to the PV owner based on the amount of reactive power dispatched by the PV inverter, then the cost of the PV inverter's participation in voltage regulation is: ； In the formula, Qt TP is the reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at time t, and C e To compensate for the electricity price, Δt is the unit time during which the photovoltaic inverter participates in voltage regulation; The total cost is: 。 2. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable reactive power resources mentioned in step 1 include on-load tap-changing transformers, photovoltaic inverters, and reactive power compensation capacitors. The operating characteristics include the maximum output and the number of switching actions at each time of a typical day in the four seasons.

3. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the optimal reactive power scheduling model constructed in step 2, the objective function is the average voltage deviation rate of each node. The average voltage deviation rate is the average of the voltage deviation rates of each node at 24 time points each day during typical days of the four seasons, and the expression is as follows: ； ； in, The average voltage deviation rate of the distribution network is given by T, where T is the number of time points in a day and N is the number of nodes. Let be the voltage deviation rate at node i at time t. Let U be the voltage at node i at time t. s_l with U s_u These are the upper and lower limits of the safe voltage range.

4. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 3, characterized in that, The DistFlow power flow equations used in step 3 have been linearized and are expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, and Let be the active power and reactive power required by node j, respectively. and Let be the active power and reactive power transmitted along the branch from node i to node j, respectively. and These represent the active power and reactive power transmitted from node j to node l, respectively. and Let be the voltage magnitudes at nodes i and j, respectively. and Let be the impedance and inductive reactance of the branch from node i to node j, respectively. and Let N and L be the sets of nodes and branches in the distribution network, respectively, and let N and L be the number of nodes and branches, respectively; U sub The voltage corresponding to the substation node; u(j) and v(j) represent the sets of downstream and upstream nodes connected to node j, respectively.

5. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 4, characterized in that, The voltage exceedance score evaluation function mentioned in step 3 is as follows: ； ； In the formula, The average interval voltage deviation rate is given by T, where T is the number of time points in a day, N is the number of nodes, and S_v is the voltage exceedance score. The score represents the degree to which the voltage of node i exceeds the limit at time t.

6. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of the analytic hierarchy process described in step 6 are as follows: 6-1. Construct the judgment matrix By comparing each pair of criteria and indicators under each criterion, an m-order judgment matrix A is obtained, where the element aij represents the importance of indicator i relative to indicator j, and the judgment matrix satisfies aji=1 / aij. 6-2. Determine the weight vector using the geometric mean method; 6-3. Consistency Check The resulting judgment matrix needs to satisfy logical consistency; By obtaining the weights of each indicator, an adaptive evaluation function for voltage regulation measures is constructed: ； A=[A1,A2,A3] is the corresponding weight vector, and the results of the voltage regulation method adaptability evaluation are obtained.

7. The method for evaluating the adaptability of voltage regulation methods considering both regulation effect and cost according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 6-1 uses a 9-level scale.

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