Multi-specification modular heating and pressing equipment

Abstract

The present application provides a multi-specification mold group heating and pressing equipment, which comprises a first driving mechanism, a pressing mechanism, a connecting frame, a plurality of elastic members and a plurality of pressing blocks, wherein the connecting frame moves along the height direction of the mold group fixing device, the connecting frame is provided with the plurality of elastic members, the plurality of pressing blocks are respectively connected to the ends of the plurality of elastic members, and one pressing block corresponds to extruding and fixing at least two different specifications of mold groups. The present application also provides a multi-specification mold group heating and pressing equipment, which comprises a bottom plate, a heating and pressing assembly, a mold group fixing device, a heating mechanism and a second driving mechanism, wherein the bottom plate comprises a bearing table and a plurality of transverse guide rails, the two mold group fixing devices are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the bottom plate, the second driving mechanism is connected to a support, the bottom surface of the support is provided with a transverse sliding groove, the support moves through the transverse sliding groove, one side of the support is provided with the heating mechanism, and the heating mechanism moves synchronously with the support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery manufacturing equipment technology, specifically to a multi-specification module heating and pressurization device. Background Technology

[0002] Nowadays, battery modules are widely used in many industries. In the process of manufacturing battery modules, in order to improve their stability, the battery modules need to be heated and pressurized to bond or connect them.

[0003] Currently, most methods use specialized equipment to heat and pressurize the sides of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to fix the processing position of the module. At present, an independently set pressure head is used to press the electrodes of different specifications of the module one by one to achieve the pressing and fixing of a single module. In this process, because the contact area between the columnar pressure head and the electrode is small, the operator needs to place the electrodes of the module directly under the pressure head in advance. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. At the same time, if the pressing position is deviated, it will greatly reduce the fixing effect, thus affecting the product quality.

[0004] In addition to the above-mentioned problems, the existing equipment does not have a mechanism to limit the degree of compression during the compression and fixing process. In actual use, operators need to preset or adjust the compression path based on experience or after multiple attempts. This is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to large errors. Therefore, it is very easy to cause excessive compression to the module, and may even damage the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of difficulty in simultaneously and accurately fixing modules of different specifications and difficulty in controlling the extrusion process in the prior art, and to provide a multi-specification module heating and pressurization device that can be compatible with modules of different specifications and can automatically limit the extrusion process.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a module fixing device for simultaneously pressing and fixing modules of different specifications from top to bottom. The device includes: a first driving mechanism; and a pressing mechanism connected to the first driving mechanism, comprising a connecting frame, multiple elastic elements, and multiple pressing blocks. The connecting frame moves along the height direction of the module fixing device and is provided with multiple elastic elements. These elastic elements are spaced apart along the length direction of the connecting frame. Multiple pressing blocks are respectively connected to the ends of the multiple elastic elements, and each pressing block corresponds to pressing and fixing at least two modules of different specifications.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a limiting mechanism connected to the connecting frame, including a stop platform and a limiting block, wherein the limiting block is disposed on the connecting frame and moves synchronously with the connecting frame, and the upper surface of the stop platform is provided with a stop portion for supporting and stopping the limiting block, and the horizontal height of the stop portion is not higher than the electrode height of the module to be fixed.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the limiting mechanism further includes a linkage shaft that extends along the height direction of the connecting frame, with one end connected to the connecting frame and the other end connected to the limiting block.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the stop platform further includes a guide portion vertically connected to the stop portion, and the limiting block moves in contact with the guide portion.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a bracket, the bracket being provided with a longitudinal guide rail, and the connecting frame being provided with a longitudinal sliding groove that cooperates with the longitudinal guide rail, the connecting frame moving along the longitudinal guide rail via the longitudinal sliding groove.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the side of the pressure block that contacts the module is configured as an elastic surface.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-specification module heating and pressurizing device, comprising: a base plate, the base plate including a support platform disposed at its center and a plurality of transverse guide rails symmetrically disposed on both sides of the support platform, wherein the support platform extends along a first direction, and the plurality of transverse guide rails are arranged at intervals along the first direction and all extend along a second direction; a heating and pressurizing assembly, the heating and pressurizing assembly including two of the above-mentioned module fixing devices, a heating mechanism and a second driving mechanism, wherein the two module fixing devices are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the base plate along the first direction, the second driving mechanism is connected to the bracket, the bottom surface of the bracket is provided with transverse sliding grooves that cooperate with the transverse guide rails, the bracket can reciprocate along the transverse guide rails through the transverse sliding grooves, and the side of the bracket facing the support platform is provided with a heating mechanism that moves synchronously with the bracket.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the base plate is further provided with a buffer and a protective component.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating mechanism includes a heat insulation plate, a heating plate, a heat conducting plate, and an elastic sheet connected in sequence to the bracket.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulation board base material is one of silicone, asbestos, and rock wool; the heat conduction board base material is one of metal, diamond, silicon carbide, and graphite; and the elastic sheet base material is one of spring steel, rubber, sponge, and latex.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The present invention discloses a multi-specification module heating and pressurizing device that simultaneously presses and fixes multiple battery modules of different models through a pressing mechanism. A first driving mechanism drives a connecting frame, multiple elastic elements, and multiple pressing blocks disposed at the working ends of the elastic elements to move synchronously in the vertical direction. Each pressing block is connected to at least one elastic element. Thus, the pressing blocks can tilt and press to a certain extent for module electrodes of different heights, thereby simultaneously pressing and contacting multiple battery module electrodes. On the one hand, this increases the contact area with the module electrodes, making the module fixing more stable and avoiding the problem of reduced fixing effect due to deviation in the pressing position. On the other hand, this module fixing device can also be compatible with multiple battery modules of different models or sizes simultaneously, eliminating the need for manual calibration and classification, greatly improving production efficiency for subsequent production. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multi-specification module heating and pressurizing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle module fixing device; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the midsole plate.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 100, bracket; 110, longitudinal guide rail; 120, transverse slide groove; 200, pressing mechanism; 210, elastic element; 220, pressure block; 230, first drive mechanism; 240, connecting frame; 241, longitudinal slide groove; 300, limiting mechanism; 310, stop platform; 311, guide part; 312, stop part; 320, limiting block; 330, linkage shaft; 400, base plate; 410, transverse guide rail; 420, bearing platform; 430, buffer; 440, protective element; 500, heating and pressurizing assembly; 510, second drive mechanism; 520, heating mechanism; 521, heat insulation plate; 522, heating plate; 523, heat conducting plate; 524, elastic sheet; X, first direction; Y, second direction; Z, third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0021] This embodiment provides a module fixing device for simultaneously pressing and fixing modules of different specifications from top to bottom. It includes: a first driving mechanism 230; a pressing mechanism 200, which is connected to the first driving mechanism 230 and includes a connecting frame 240, a plurality of elastic elements 210 and a plurality of pressing blocks 220. The connecting frame 240 moves along the height direction of the module fixing device and is provided with a plurality of elastic elements 210. The plurality of elastic elements 210 are spaced apart along the length direction of the connecting frame 240. The plurality of pressing blocks 220 are respectively connected to the ends of the plurality of elastic elements 210. One pressing block 220 corresponds to pressing and fixing at least two modules of different specifications.

[0022] This module fixing device can simultaneously press and fix multiple battery modules of different models through the pressing mechanism 200. The first driving mechanism 230 drives the connecting frame 240, multiple elastic elements 210, and multiple pressing blocks 220 set at the working end of the elastic elements 210 to move synchronously in the vertical direction. Each pressing block 220 is connected to at least one elastic element 210. Thus, for module electrodes of different heights, the pressing block 220 can tilt and press to a certain extent, thereby making pressing contact with multiple battery module electrodes at the same time. On the one hand, it increases the contact area with the module electrodes, making the module fixing more stable and avoiding the problem of reduced fixing effect due to deviation of the pressing position. On the other hand, this module fixing device can also be compatible with multiple battery modules of different models or sizes at the same time, without the need for manual calibration and classification, which greatly improves production efficiency.

[0023] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional XYZ coordinate system is established with the module fixing device as the reference. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are mutually perpendicular, and the first direction X and the second direction Y extend horizontally. (See also...) Figure 2 As shown, the module fixing device also includes a bracket 100, on which a longitudinal guide rail 110 is provided, and a connecting frame 240 is provided with a longitudinal slide groove 241 that cooperates with the longitudinal guide rail 110. The connecting frame 240 moves along the longitudinal guide rail 110 through the longitudinal slide groove 241. In this embodiment, the bracket 100 is configured as a steel frame, and the connecting frame 240 passes through the bracket 100. Its two ends are respectively located on both sides of the bracket 100, and it moves up and down relative to the bracket 100 along the third direction Z. Specifically, the connecting frame 240 is configured as a rectangular steel plate extending along the first direction X. The longitudinal slide groove 241 is located on the opposite side of the connecting elastic member 210, and the longitudinal slide groove 241 extends along the third direction Z. Further, the longitudinal slide groove 241 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 240. Correspondingly, the longitudinal guide rail 110 is embedded in the longitudinal slide groove 241, and the longitudinal guide rail 110 is fixedly connected to the bracket 100. The longitudinal guide rail 110 and the longitudinal slide groove 241 slide relative to each other. In this embodiment, multiple elastic elements 210 and multiple pressure blocks 220 are disposed on one side of the bracket 100 along the second direction Y, and the first driving mechanism 230 is disposed on the other side of the bracket 100, thereby reasonably allocating the positions of each component to achieve the purpose of saving space occupied by the device. In this embodiment, the first driving mechanism 230 is preferably a cylinder.

[0024] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the multiple elastic elements 210 are preferably springs, each extending vertically, with its upper end bolted to the connecting frame 240. This facilitates independent replacement of damaged elastic elements 210, avoiding impact on the overall operation of the device. In other embodiments, the elastic elements 210 can also be made of elastic rubber, compression springs, or other elements capable of stretching or contracting in a third direction. This invention does not impose specific limitations. See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, each pressure block 220 is connected to the end of an elastic member 210, and one pressure block 220 connects to two elastic members 210. Specifically, two adjacent elastic members 210 are respectively connected to both ends of a pressure block 220 to maintain the stability of the pressure block 220 during the pressing process. Furthermore, any elastic member 210 can be detachably connected to the pressure block 220 via a connecting pin. In other embodiments, one pressure block 220 can be connected to one elastic member 210 to save costs, or three or more elastic members 210 can be connected to further increase the stability of the pressure block 220 during operation. See also Figure 3As shown, the side of the pressure block 220 that contacts the module is set as an elastic surface. In this embodiment, the pressure block 220 is preferably made of elastic rubber.

[0025] See Figure 4 As shown, the module fixing device also includes a limiting mechanism 300, which is connected to the connecting frame 240. The limiting mechanism 300 includes a stop platform 310 and a limiting block 320. The limiting block 320 is disposed on the connecting frame 240 and moves synchronously with the connecting frame 240. The upper surface of the stop platform 310 is provided with a stop portion 312 supporting the stop and limiting block 320. The horizontal height of the stop portion 312 is not higher than the electrode height of the module to be fixed. In this embodiment, two limiting mechanisms 300 are provided on one module fixing device. Both limiting mechanisms 300 are disposed on the same side of the bracket 100 as the first driving mechanism 230 and are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X. In this embodiment, the limiting block 320 moves up and down above the stop platform 310 under the drive of the connecting frame 240, and is configured as a rigid rectangular element. See also... Figure 4 As shown, the limiting mechanism 300 also includes a linkage shaft 330, which extends along the height direction of the connecting frame 240. One end of the linkage shaft 330 is connected to the connecting frame 240, and the other end is connected to the limiting block 320. In this embodiment, the linkage shaft 330 extends along the third direction Z. Its upper end is detachably connected to the connecting frame 240 by bolts, and its lower end passes through the center of the upper surface of the limiting block 320. The connecting frame 240 drives the limiting block 320 to move through the linkage shaft 330.

[0026] See Figure 4 As shown, the stop platform 310 also includes a guide portion 311 disposed perpendicular to the stop portion 312, and the limiting block 320 moves in contact with the guide portion 311. In this embodiment, the stop platform 310 is configured as an "L"-shaped rigid component, and the stop portion 312 is horizontally disposed on the connecting frame 240 below the limiting block 320. The guide portion 311 is connected to one side of the stop portion 312 and extends upward along the third direction Z. Furthermore, the side of the guide portion 311 facing the limiting block 320 is in contact with the limiting block 320, so that the limiting block 320 can always move in the vertical direction, thereby accurately cooperating with the stop portion 312. Specifically, in this embodiment, the stop platform 310 is configured as a steel component, and its stop portion 312 and guide portion 311 are fixedly connected.

[0027] The working process and principle of the module fixing device in this embodiment are described below: First, the user needs to place the battery module to be processed under the multiple pressure blocks 220, with the module electrodes facing the device. Then, the device is activated. At this time, the first drive mechanism 230 drives the connecting frame 240, multiple elastic elements 210, and multiple pressure blocks 220 to move downwards synchronously. The pressure blocks 220 will make surface-to-surface pressing contact with the module electrodes. For different module models, the pressure blocks 220 can automatically adjust their tilt angle, thus adapting to the pressing and fixing of various modules for subsequent processing. Simultaneously, the limiting block 320 in the limiting mechanism 300 moves downwards synchronously with the connecting frame 240 until it moves along the guide portion 311 and contacts the stop portion 312, thus protecting the module electrodes from damage due to excessive pressing. This structure is compatible with different processing procedures and requires no manual adjustment, thus completing one module fixing operation. Example 2

[0028] This embodiment provides a multi-specification module heating and pressurizing device, including: a base plate 400, the base plate 400 including a support platform 420 disposed at its center and a plurality of transverse guide rails 410 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the support platform 420, wherein the support platform 420 extends along a first direction X, and the plurality of transverse guide rails 410 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X and all extend along a second direction Y; a heating and pressurizing assembly 500, the heating and pressurizing assembly 500 including two module fixing devices as in the first embodiment, a heating mechanism 520 and a second driving mechanism 510, wherein the two module fixing devices are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the base plate 400 along the first direction X, the second driving mechanism 510 is connected to a bracket 100, the bottom surface of the bracket 100 is provided with a transverse sliding groove 120 that cooperates with the transverse guide rails 410, the bracket 100 can reciprocate along the transverse guide rails 410 through the transverse sliding groove 120, and the side of the bracket 100 facing the support platform is provided with the heating mechanism 520, the heating mechanism 520 moves synchronously with the bracket 100.

[0029] This multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment uses a support platform 420 to support modules of different specifications. Multiple modules are simultaneously fixed by the module fixing device in Embodiment 1, and the side of the battery module is heated and pressurized by the heating and pressurizing component 500 to complete the processing of the side wall of the battery module for subsequent production. This process does not require manual intervention and can be applied to modules of different specifications. It not only makes the module stable on the support platform 420, but also greatly improves product processing efficiency and yield.

[0030] See Figure 1As shown, the heating and pressurizing components 500 are disposed above the base plate 400 and can move relative to the base plate 400 along the second direction Y. Furthermore, the two heating and pressurizing components 500 move the same distance relative to the support platform, thereby ensuring that they can simultaneously contact both sides of the module and perform extrusion processing. Furthermore, the heating mechanism 520 of each heating and pressurizing component 500 is connected to the base plate 400 facing the support platform 420. In this embodiment, the second driving mechanism 510 is disposed on the lower surface of the base plate 400, passing through the base plate 400 to connect to the heating and pressurizing components 500 to drive their movement. Furthermore, the second driving mechanism 510 is preferably a drive motor. In this embodiment, the second driving mechanism 510 can also be connected to an external control system via a signal, thereby freely controlling the moving distance and working time of each heating and pressurizing component 500 according to actual usage.

[0031] See Figure 5 As shown, the support platform 420 is disposed at the center of the base plate 400 along the second direction Y and extends along the first direction X. It is preferably a rigid plate material, and its upper surface is higher than the upper surface of the base plate 400. In this embodiment, the upper surface of the support platform and the upper surface of the stop part 312 are at the same horizontal height to avoid excessive pressure on the module electrode by the device and damage to it. This embodiment includes eight transverse guide rails 410, four of which are arranged in a group along the second direction Y on both sides of the support platform 420 and evenly spaced along the first direction X. Correspondingly, the bottom surface of the bracket 100 is provided with eight transverse sliding grooves 120. When the heating and pressurizing component 500 is connected to the base plate 400, the transverse sliding grooves 120 are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the corresponding transverse guide rails 410.

[0032] See Figure 5 As shown, the base plate 400 is also equipped with a buffer 430 and a protective element 440. This embodiment includes four buffers 430 and four protective elements 440, all disposed between the support platform and the heating and pressurizing assembly 500, to prevent damage to the device caused by excessive movement or stoppage of the heating and pressurizing assembly 500. Specifically, see... Figure 5 The working ends of the buffer 430 are all facing the heating and pressurizing component 500 on the corresponding side. The protective component 440 is fixed on the base plate 400 and is higher than the upper surface of the base plate 400. Furthermore, the side of the protective component that is higher than the upper surface of the base plate 400 faces the heating and pressurizing component 500 on the same side, so as to limit the maximum movement distance of the heating and pressurizing component 500.

[0033] See Figure 1 As shown, the heating mechanism 520 is disposed on the bracket 100 below the corresponding pressure block 220 and is spaced apart from the pressure block 220 along the third direction Z. The heating mechanism 520 is used to directly contact the side wall of the battery module to heat and pressurize it.

[0034] See Figure 1 As shown, the heating mechanism 520 includes a heat insulation plate 521, a heating plate 522, a heat-conducting plate 523, and an elastic sheet 524 sequentially connected to the support 100. The heat insulation plate 521 is made of silicone, asbestos, or rock wool; the heat-conducting plate 523 is made of metal, diamond, silicon carbide, or graphite; and the elastic sheet 524 is made of spring steel, rubber, sponge, or latex. In this embodiment, the heat insulation plate 521 is preferably a rectangular silicone plate extending along the first direction X to isolate the support 100 from damage caused by the high temperature generated by the heating plate 522. The heating plate 522 is preferably an electrically heated metal plate, the heat-conducting plate 523 is preferably a copper plate, and the elastic sheet 524 is preferably an elastic rubber element to further buffer the squeezing impact of the heating and pressurizing assembly 500 on the module. Furthermore, the heat insulation plate 521, the heating plate 522, the heat-conducting plate 523, and the elastic sheet 524 are all identical in shape and size.

[0035] The working process and principle of the multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment in this embodiment are described below: Before use, the user needs to place the module to be processed on the support platform 420, so that the module electrodes are facing the two heating and pressurizing components 500, and then start the device. First, the heating and pressurizing components 500 on both sides can move synchronously towards the support platform 420 along the transverse guide rail 410 under the drive of the second drive mechanism 510. When the heating and pressurizing components 500 move to the set position or contact the protective component 440, they stop moving. Then, the module fixing device presses and fixes each battery module on the support platform 420. At the same time, the heating mechanism 520 is started. When the processing time reaches the preset value, the module fixing device disengages from the module, and the heating and pressurizing components 500 on both sides move away from the support platform 420 to the initial position. This completes one heating and pressurizing cycle on the side of the module.

[0036] In summary, this multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment supports modules of different specifications on the support platform 420, simultaneously fixes multiple modules using the module fixing device in Embodiment 1, and heats and pressurizes the sides of the battery modules using the heating and pressurizing component 500, thereby completing the processing operation of the battery module sidewalls for subsequent production processing. The entire process requires no manual intervention and can be applied to the simultaneous processing of modules of different specifications. It not only ensures that the modules are stably connected to the support platform 420, providing convenience for subsequent operations, but also significantly improves the processing efficiency and yield of the products.

[0037] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-specification modular heating and pressurizing device, characterized in that: include: support; The base plate includes a support platform disposed at its center and a plurality of transverse guide rails symmetrically disposed on both sides of the support platform. The support platform extends along a first direction, and the plurality of transverse guide rails are arranged at intervals along the first direction and all extend along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and extends horizontally. A heating and pressurizing assembly, comprising two module fixing devices, a heating mechanism, and a second driving mechanism, wherein the two module fixing devices are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the base plate along a first direction, and each includes: First drive mechanism; The pressing mechanism is connected to the first driving mechanism and includes a connecting frame, multiple elastic elements and multiple pressing blocks. The connecting frame moves along the height direction of the module fixing device and is provided with multiple elastic elements. The multiple elastic elements are spaced apart along the length direction of the connecting frame. The multiple pressing blocks are respectively connected to the ends of the multiple elastic elements. Each pressing block corresponds to pressing and fixing at least two modules of different specifications. A limiting mechanism, connected to the connecting frame, includes a stop platform, a limiting block, and a linkage shaft. The limiting block is disposed on the connecting frame and moves synchronously with the connecting frame. The upper surface of the stop platform is provided with a stop portion to support and stop the limiting block. The horizontal height of the stop portion is not higher than the electrode height of the module to be fixed. The linkage shaft extends along the height direction of the connecting frame, with one end connected to the connecting frame and the other end connected to the limiting block. The stop platform also includes a guide portion vertically connected to the stop portion, and the limiting block moves in contact with the guide portion; The second drive mechanism is connected to the bracket. The bottom surface of the bracket is provided with a transverse sliding groove that cooperates with the transverse guide rail. The bracket can reciprocate along the transverse guide rail through the transverse sliding groove. The bracket is provided with a heating mechanism on the side facing the support platform. The heating mechanism moves synchronously with the bracket.

2. The multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket is provided with a longitudinal guide rail, and the connecting frame is provided with a longitudinal sliding groove that cooperates with the longitudinal guide rail. The connecting frame moves along the longitudinal guide rail through the longitudinal sliding groove.

3. The multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the pressure block that contacts the module is set as an elastic surface.

4. The multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate is also equipped with a buffer and protective components.

5. The multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating mechanism includes a heat insulation plate, a heating plate, a heat-conducting plate, and an elastic sheet connected in sequence to the bracket.

6. The multi-specification module heating and pressurizing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat insulation board base material is one of silicone, asbestos, and rock wool; the heat conduction board base material is one of metal, diamond, silicon carbide, and graphite; and the elastic sheet base material is one of spring steel, rubber, sponge, and latex.

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