Beam training for bidirectional full-duplex sidelink communication

Abstract

The apparatus can be a first UE. The first UE can determine a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL and a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL. The first UE can also determine a configuration for FD beam training based on the determined first set of candidate BPLs and the determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including a number of instances for which the first UE simultaneously transmits and receives RSs. The apparatus can also select a first BPL of the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL and a second BPL of the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL based on the determined FD beam training configuration. The first UE can establish an FD communication with a second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] In summary, this disclosure relates to communication systems, and more specifically, to beam training for side-link (SL) full-duplex (FD) communication between user equipment (UE). Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous evolution of mobile broadband released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT),) and others. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There is a need for further improvements to 5G NR technology. These improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following provides a brief overview of one or more aspects to offer a basic understanding of such aspects. This overview is not a comprehensive summary of all anticipated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects, nor to depict the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0005] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), a UE (e.g., a vehicle) can have multiple transmit / receive points (TRPs). For example, a small car may have a front antenna panel and a rear antenna panel, while larger vehicles (such as trucks and trailers) may have more than two TRPs. TRPs can be configured to have different RF modules with a shared hardware / software controller. Because the TRPs of a vehicle can be separated by a significant distance (e.g., four or more meters), each TRP can receive and / or transmit differently for a particular channel due to: (1) the difference in distance to the transmitter and / or receiver, (2) whether the different TRPs have a difference in line-of-sight (LOS) (or no line-of-sight (non-LOS or NLOS)) with respect to the transmitter and / or receiver, (3) obstructions, etc. Therefore, for a UE (e.g., a vehicle) equipped with multiple spatially separated TRPs, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication may be feasible.

[0006] Specifically, the UE may be able to use a first TRP for receiving and a second TRP for transmitting. Alternatively or additionally, FD V2X communication may be feasible for a larger antenna panel that uses a first set of antenna elements on the panel for receiving communication and a second set of antenna elements on the panel for transmitting communication. In either case, FD communication can be single-frequency (SF) FD (SFFD) or sub-band (SB) FD (SBFD), where SFFD allows simultaneous receiving and transmitting using the same frequency resources, and SBFD allows simultaneous transmitting and receiving using different frequency resources. It may be beneficial to introduce novel beamforming methods for SL FD V2X communication.

[0007] In this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a first device at a first UE. The first device may be a processor and / or modem at the UE or the UE itself. The first device may be configured to determine: (1) a first set of candidate beampair links (BPLs) associated with a first SL, via which the first UE transmits data to a second UE; and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, via which the first UE receives data from the second UE. The first UE may also be configured to determine a configuration for FD beamtraining based on the determined first set and the determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beamtraining including (e.g., specifying) multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for its first UE. The first UE may also be configured to select: (1) a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL, based on the determined configuration for FD beamtraining. The first UE may also be configured to establish FD communication with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

[0008] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of these aspects may be employed, and this specification is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0010] Figure 2 A in the diagram is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the first frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2 B in the diagram is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a DL channel within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2 C in the diagram is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2 D in the diagram is a schematic showing an example of a UL channel within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0015] Figure 4 It is a collection of schematic diagrams illustrating aspects of FD SL communication between two UEs.

[0016] Figure 5 This includes a schematic diagram illustrating the FD beam scanning process.

[0017] Figure 6 Including more detailed illustrations Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a portion of the beam scanning process.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a call flowchart illustrating a two-step beam scanning process for identifying the first and second combinations of the transmit and receive beams that allow FD communication.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first beam scanning step of a half-duplex (HD) beam scanning process in a two-step beam scanning process.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the example FD second beam scanning step in a two-step beam scanning process.

[0021] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second example FD second beam scanning step in a two-step beam scanning process.

[0022] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 The flowchart of the sub-steps of the steps.

[0024] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 The flowchart of the sub-steps of the steps.

[0025] Figure 14 yes Figure 11 The flowchart of the sub-steps of the steps.

[0026] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The detailed description that follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configuration in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details used to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be implemented without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0028] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods will be described in detail below and will be shown in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] By way of example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, can be implemented as a “processing system” including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc.

[0030] Therefore, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium. The storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, or combinations of computer-readable media of the types described above, or any other medium that can be used to store executable code having instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a user interface unit (UE) 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). The base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Macro cells include base stations. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

[0032] Base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). Base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform one or more of the following functions: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), user and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and warning message delivery. Base station 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC 160 or core network 190) on third backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2 interface). First backhaul link 132, second backhaul link 184 and third backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0033] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for its respective geographic coverage area 110. Overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 may exist. For example, small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a Home Evolution Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be via one or more carriers. In each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation, base station 102 / UE 104 can use up to Y Spectrum with bandwidths of up to MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.), up to a total of Yx MHZ ( x Carrier aggregation (using multiple component carriers) is used for transmission in each direction. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation can be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0034] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sideline channels, such as the Physical Sideline Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sideline Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sideline Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sideline Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be via a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0035] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150, which communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum of 5 GHz. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0036] Small cell 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell 102' can employ NR and use the same unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz, etc.) as used by Wi-Fi AP 150. Small cell 102' employing NR in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0037] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range names FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified as a "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0038] In light of the foregoing, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that when the term "sub-6 GHz" or similar terms are used herein, the term can be broadly interpreted to mean frequencies below 6 GHz, within FR1, or that may include mid-band frequencies. Similarly, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that when the term "millimeter wave" or similar terms are used herein, the term can be broadly interpreted to mean frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, within FR2, or within the EHF band.

[0039] Base station 102 (whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station)) may include and / or be referred to as an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or another type of base station. Some base stations (e.g., gNB 180) may operate in conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave frequencies, and / or near-millimeter wave frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When gNB 180 operates in millimeter wave or near-millimeter wave frequencies, gNB 180 may be referred to as a millimeter wave base station. Millimeter wave base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range. Base station 180 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming.

[0040] Base station 180 may transmit beamforming signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 104 may receive beamforming signals from base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182''. UE 104 may also transmit beamforming signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 180 may receive beamforming signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for base station 180 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0041] EPC 160 may include Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, Serving Gateway 166, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. MME 162 can communicate with Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160. Typically, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Service 176. IP Service 176 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 provides functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. It can act as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 can distribute MBMS services to base stations 102 belonging to Multicast-Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) areas belonging to broadcast-specific services, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting billing information related to eMBMS.

[0042] The core network 190 may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, Session Management Functions (SMF) 194, and User Plane Functions (UPF) 195. AMF 192 can communicate with Unified Data Management (HSS) 196. AMF 192 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 190. Typically, AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through UPF 195. UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. UPF 195 connects to IP service 197. IP service 197 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Packet Switched (PS) Streaming (PSS) service, and / or other IP services.

[0043] Base stations may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit / receive point (TRP), or some other suitable term. Base station 102 provides UE 104 with access to EPC 160 or core network 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electrical meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking timers, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, user station, mobile unit, user unit, radio unit, remote unit, mobile device, radio device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile user station, access terminal, mobile terminal, radio terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or any other suitable term.

[0044] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, UE 104 may include an SL FD configuration component 198, which may be configured to determine: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL, through which the first UE transmits data to a second UE; and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, through which the first UE receives data from the second UE; determine a configuration for FD beam training based on the determined first set and the determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for its first UE; select, based on the determined configuration for FD beam training: (1) a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL; and establish FD communication with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein are applicable to other similar fields, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0045] Figure 2 A in the diagram is a schematic diagram 200 showing an example of the first subframe within the 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B in the diagram is a schematic diagram 230 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2 C in the diagram is a schematic diagram 250 showing an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2 D in the diagram is a schematic 280 illustrating an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), where, for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that set are dedicated to either DL or UL; or it can be Time Division Duplex (TDD), where, for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2 In the examples provided in A and C, it is assumed that the 5G NR frame structure is TDD, subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is used flexibly between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with a slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure, i.e., TDD.

[0046] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Depending on the time slot configuration, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. Symbols on the DL can be Cyclic Prefix (CP) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and digital scheme. For slot configuration 0, different digital schemes µ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different digital schemes 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Therefore, for slot configuration 0 and digital scheme µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 µ slots / subframe. Subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the digital scheme. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to... ,in, These are digital schemes 0 through 4. Thus, digital scheme µ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and digital scheme µ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 2 The AD configuration in the document provides examples of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and digital scheme µ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there can be one or more different bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [reference]). Figure 2 (B in the original text). Each BWP can have a specific numerical scheme.

[0047] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0048] like Figure 2As shown in A, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RSs may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the UE (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS). RSs may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0049] Figure 2 The B in the diagram illustrates examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs in the OFDM symbols of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH search space (e.g., the common search space, the UE-specific search space) on the CORESET during PDCCH monitoring timing, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) can be within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) can be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identity Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identity and Physical Layer Cell Identity Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), carrying the Master Information Block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (e.g., System Information Block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown in C, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first one or two symbols preceding the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted, and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb structures. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0051] Figure 2 The D in the diagram illustrates examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH can be positioned as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) information (ACK / NACK (NACK)) feedback. The PUCCH carries data and can also be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power headroom reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0052] Figure 3This is a block diagram of base station 310 communicating with UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, IP packets from EPC 160 can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0053] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM streams are spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine coding and modulation schemes and for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 350 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to different antennas 320 via a separate transmitter 318 TX. Each transmitter 318 TX can modulate an RF carrier with its respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0054] At UE 350, each receiver 354 RX receives signals through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354 RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation point transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

[0055] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0056] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer PDU transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0057] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator 358 from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 can be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354 TX. Each transmitter 354 TX can use its own spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0058] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318 RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318 RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to the RX processor 370.

[0059] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 storing program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0060] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform operations with... Figure 1 The 198 related aspects.

[0061] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), a UE (e.g., a vehicle) can have multiple TRPs. For example, a small car can have a front antenna panel and a rear antenna panel, while larger vehicles (such as trucks and trailers) can have more than two TRPs. TRPs can be configured as different RF modules with a shared hardware / software controller. Because the TRPs of a vehicle can be separated by a significant distance (e.g., four or more meters), each TRP can perform different reception and / or transmission for a particular channel due to: (1) the difference in distance to the transmitter and / or receiver, (2) whether the different TRPs have a difference in LOS (or no line-of-sight (NLOS)) with respect to the transmitter and / or receiver, (3) obstruction, etc. Therefore, FD V2V or V2X communication may be feasible for a UE (e.g., a vehicle) equipped with multiple spatially separated TRPs.

[0062] Specifically, the UE may be able to use a first TRP for receiving and a second TRP for transmitting. Alternatively or additionally, FD V2X communication may be feasible for a larger antenna panel that uses a first set of antenna elements on the panel for receiving communication and a second set of antenna elements on the panel for transmitting communication. In either case, FD communication can be SFFD or SBFD, where SFFD allows simultaneous receiving and transmitting using the same frequency resources, and SBFD allows simultaneous transmitting and receiving using different frequency resources.

[0063] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), beam training mechanisms used in conjunction with transmit / receive beamforming (e.g., for FR2) can specify a first beam scanning mechanism and a second beam refinement mechanism for the transmitter and / or receiver. The transmitter and / or receiver can perform beam scanning to determine the optimal beamwidth (BPL). Beam refinement can be performed by the transmitter and / or receiver to further improve connectivity by selecting a narrower beam.

[0064] In some aspects, beam scanning can be used to identify the most suitable or optimal combination of transmit and receive beams (e.g., based on signal strength or quality). In some aspects, beam scanning can be performed before an RRC connection is established between the transmitting and receiving UEs, and can use beam scanning configurations that are common (e.g., known) to both the transmitting and receiving UEs. For example, the transmitting UE (e.g., the first TRP of the transmitting UE) can transmit in N different directions, while the receiving UE (e.g., the second TRP of the receiving UE) can receive using M different receive beam directions. The receiver can then measure... A number of beam scans are performed, and the most suitable or optimal beam scan is selected (e.g., the beam scan with the highest reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)). Beam scanning can be based on measurements of the SL SSB or SL RS resources (CSI-RS or SRS) transmitted by the transmitting UE.

[0065] In some aspects, beam thinning can be performed to further improve connectivity based on the initial beam scan. For example, SSB transmission can be based on a wide beam, while beam thinning can be performed using a narrow beam (e.g., CSI-RS or SRS).

[0066] Figure 4 This is a set of schematic diagrams 400, 470, and 480 illustrating aspects of FD SL communication between two UEs 402 and 404. Figure 4 Schematic diagram 400 illustrates UEs 402 and 404 in FD SL communication, each UE using its first TRP for receiving (e.g., TRP 430 for UE 402 and TRP 420 for UE 404) and its second TRP for transmitting (e.g., TRP 410 for UE 402 and TRP 440 for UE 404). (See also: ...) Figure 6-14 The receive and transmit beam pairs discussed for communication 450 and 460 can be identified based on the beam training process.

[0067] Figure 4Schematic diagram 470 indicates the set of transmit beams 411-415 from TRP 410 (associated with UE 402) and the set of receive beams 421-425 at TRP 420 (associated with UE 404). For transmit beam 414 in direction "d", schematic diagram 470 illustrates the possible propagation of transmission from TRP 410 to TRP 420. As shown, receive beam 424 in direction "d" and receive beam 423 in direction "c" can each receive transmission from transmit beam 414 in direction "d". Each receive beam of TRP 420 can receive transmission from transmit beam 414 in direction "d"; however, different receive beams of TRP 420 can receive transmissions of different intensities based on the relative orientation of the receive and transmit beams. The selection of the BPL associated with communication 460 can be based on different signal strengths measured during beam training operations discussed below.

[0068] Schematic diagram 480 illustrates a pair of TRPs 420 and 440 separated by vehicle length (e.g., 4 m). As shown, while beam directions “c” 443 and “c” 423 may contribute to higher direct self-interference, the other beam directions 441, 442, 444, and 445 of the transmitting TRP 440 are unlikely to contribute to direct self-interference at any of the receiving beams 421-425 of the receiving TRP 420. However, additional SI may be experienced from signals transmitted via the transmitting beams 441-445 of the TRP 440 due to object reflections (sometimes referred to as clustering interference). For example, in the presence of an object from which the transmission can be reflected (e.g., vehicle 486, building, etc.), the transmitting beam 444 of the TRP 440 may be reflected, allowing the receiving beam 424 of the TRP 420 to receive a signal of sufficient strength as SI.

[0069] Figure 5 This includes a schematic diagram 500 showing the FD beam scanning process. Figure 6 Including more detailed illustrations Figure 5 A schematic diagram 600 showing a part of the beam scanning process. Figure 5 The process illustrated shows transmission and reception events at a first UE and a second UE (e.g., UE1 and UE2) associated with first and second unidirectional (i.e., from one UE to another) SL communications, which use different TRPs at the first and second UEs to establish bidirectional (e.g., FD) communication. For example, refer to... Figure 4UE 404 can use TRP 440 to send data to TRP 430 of UE 402 for one-way SL connection 460, while UE 402 can use TRP 410 to send RS to TRP 420 of UE 404 for one-way SL connection 450. One-way SL communication 450 and 460 can be used together as bidirectional (e.g., FD) SL communication.

[0070] To determine the optimal BPL for each one-way SL communication, Figure 5 The beam scanning process measures the RS from each possible combination of transmitted beams (e.g., Tx(1)(e) 522 and Rx(2)(e) 532) at each individual received beam (e.g., Tx(1)(a) 502 and Tx(2)(a) 512 or Tx(1)(a) 502 and Tx(2)(d) 514, etc.). In some aspects, each measurement instance (e.g., 522 / 622 or 532 / 632) measures the set of RSs transmitted in the same time slot and / or symbol (in time), the set of RSs being transmitted by each TRP (e.g., TRPs 410 and 440) using multiple frequencies. For example, refer to Figure 4 and 6 TRPs 410 and 440 may each use at least two frequencies (e.g., a set of frequencies 652 and 654, respectively) to transmit RS in a specific time slot and / or symbol. For example, the set of RS may be transmitted using at least two frequencies for each combination of transmission beam directions from the first and second UEs (e.g., any Tx from Tx (1)(a) 602 and Tx (2)(a)-(e) 611-619). In some aspects, the at least two frequencies include: (1) at least one frequency not used by both TRP 410 and TRP 440 (e.g., a non-overlapping set of frequencies 656 and 658), and (2) at least one frequency used by both TRP 410 and TRP 440 (e.g., overlapping frequency 662). Overlapping resources 662 can be code-division multiplexed (e.g., in the same way as the example method of distinguishing between RS transmitted by TRP410 and RS transmitted by TRP420), while non-overlapping resources may not require code division multiplexing because they can be distinguished by the different frequencies used. Figure 5 Suppose there are five beams (e.g., beam directions) used in a beam scan for both transmission and reception; however, some aspects may have more or fewer beams (e.g., beam directions) for transmission and / or reception.

[0071] As shown, beam scanning includes 125 RS measurement opportunities, 25 of which are associated with each beam direction of each TRP in the TRPs of the first and second UEs (e.g., UE1 and UE2). The RS measurement opportunities are shown arranged such that the first TRP (e.g., UE1) transmits using a first directional beam during the 25 RS measurement opportunities, while the second TRP (e.g., UE2) transmits using each of its five directional beams during five consecutive RS measurement opportunities, such that there are five RS measurement opportunities for each pair of transmit beam directions for the first and second TRPs. Each RS measurement opportunity in the set of five RS measurement opportunities with the same transmit beam pair is measured by the third and fourth receiving TRPs using one of their five receive beam directions, such that each receive beam is used to measure each combination of transmit beams from the first and second TRPs. Thus, there are 125 (e.g., or There are 10 RS measurement opportunities to perform a full beam scan and measure the SI for each pair of transmit beams at each receive beam. As the number of possible beams for transmission (e.g., N beam directions) increases, the total number of measurements used may increase with the square of the number of transmit beams (e.g., ...). The number of measurements can increase linearly with the number of possible beams used for reception (e.g., M beam directions). ).

[0072] Figure 6 The first TRP of the first UE is shown (e.g., Figure 4 The set of 25 RS transmissions 602 performed by UE 402 in the first direction “a” (e.g., using the first beam) in the TRP 410 of UE 402. Figure 6 The second TRP of the second UE is also shown (e.g., Figure 4 The TRP 440 of UE 404 transmits five RSs in directions “a” to “e” (e.g., using each possible transmit beam direction) through each of the five transmit beams 611-619. Figure 6 It also illustrates each combination of the set of RSs from the first TRP and the set of RSs from the second TRP, where each receiving TRP (e.g., respectively) Figure 4 The TRPs 420 and 430 of UEs 404 and 402 perform measurements via the receive beam in directions “a” to “e” (e.g., using each possible receive beam direction).

[0073] For clarity, an RS measurement timing 650 is magnified. As shown, the RS reception timing includes seven possible time periods (e.g., time slots or symbols, etc.). Within one time period, each transmitting TRP (e.g., TRPs 410 and 440) transmits a set of RSs (e.g., RS set 652 and RS set 654) via a set of time and frequency resources. Figure 6 RS sets 652 and 654 may span multiple frequencies and may include overlapping frequencies (such as for RS 662) and non-overlapping frequencies (such as for RS sets 656 and 658). RS sets may also include time-non-overlapping RS sets, such that a set of RSs at a specific frequency transmitted from a first TRP (e.g., TRP 410) is transmitted during the first and second time slots, while a set of RSs at partially overlapping frequencies is transmitted by a second TRP (e.g., TRP 440) in a second overlapping time slot and a third non-overlapping time slot (not shown).

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, during a specific RS reception period, TRPs (e.g., Rx (1) and Rx (2)) are received; Figure 4 The TRPs 420 and 430 measure the RSs from the two transmitting TRPs (e.g., RS sets 652 and 654 from Tx (1) and Tx (2)). As shown, Rx (1) measures the set of RSs from the corresponding transmitting TRP (Tx (1)) (e.g., RS set 652). Additionally, in some aspects, Rx (1) measures the SI from the set of RSs (e.g., RS 654) from the transmitting TRP (Tx (2)) of the same UE. Similarly, Rx (2) measures the set of RSs from the corresponding transmitting TRP (Tx (2)) (e.g., RS set 654) and measures the SI from the set of RSs (e.g., RS 652) from the transmitting TRP (Tx (1)) of the same UE. There may be benefits to reducing the number of RS opportunities spanned by the beam scanning process.

[0075] Figure 7 This is a call flowchart 700 illustrating a two-step beam scanning process for identifying the first and second combinations of transmit and receive beams (e.g., BPL) that allow FD communication. Figure 8-10 An example of the first and second steps of a two-step beam scanning process is shown. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram 800 showing the HD first beam scanning step in a two-step beam scanning process. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram 900 illustrating the example FD second beam scanning step in a two-step beam scanning process. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram 1000 illustrating the second example FD second beam scanning step in a two-step beam scanning process.

[0076] Figure 7 A first UE 702 and a second UE 704 are shown, each having a receive (Rx) TRP (e.g., Rx TRP 702a / 704a) and a transmit (Tx) TRP (e.g., Tx TRP 702b / 704b) for establishing FD communication. Optional operations are indicated by dashed lines. Figure 7 and 8 A first-beam scanning step for HD is illustrated, which can be performed to determine: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL (e.g., SL communication and connection), and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL. The first SL may include transmitting data from a first UE 702 (e.g., via Tx TRP 702b) to a second UE 704 (e.g., via Rx TRP 704a), and the second SL may include receiving data from the second UE 704 (e.g., via Tx TRP 704b) at the first UE 702 (e.g., via Rx TRP 702a). As shown, UE 702 may transmit a set of at least one RS via each transmit beam 706 for reception via each receive beam. UE 704 may receive at least one RS transmitted via each transmit beam 706 at each receive beam. For example, refer to... Figure 8 For a total of 25 RSs, UE1 (e.g., which may correspond to UE 702) can transmit the set of five RSs via each of the five transmit beams 801-809 (e.g., beam directions “a” to “e”). UE2 (e.g., which may correspond to UE 704) can receive one or more RSs transmitted via a specific transmit beam (e.g., any beam from beam “a” to “e”) via each receive beam. Figure 8 In this context, the set of RSs sent by UE1 (e.g., TRP 702b) includes 25 ( ) RS timing.

[0077] To determine the first set of candidate BPLs, the second UE 704 can measure the signal strength of the RS received by the 708A at each reception timing. For example, refer to Figure 8UE2's receive TRP Rx(1) (e.g., which may correspond to UE 704's RxTRP 704a) measures the signal strength of RS transmitted via UE1's Tx(1) (e.g., which may correspond to UE 702's TRP 702b) via each receive beam direction (e.g., "a" to "e"). For example, at RS timing 812, UE2's Rx(1) measures the signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) of the signal transmitted by UE1's Tx(1) via beam direction "b" via beam direction "e". UE 702 can also receive RS transmitted from TxTRP 702b via each transmit beam of TxTRP 702b via each receive beam of RxTRP 702a. UE 702 can measure the transmitted signal strength received by 708B to determine the level of SI. For example, refer to Figure 8 At RS timing 812, the Rx (2) of UE1 (e.g., UE702) measures self-interference (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ or SINR) based on the transmission of Tx (1) from UE1 (e.g., TRP 702b of UE702) via beam direction “e”.

[0078] As shown, UE 704 can transmit a set of at least one RS via each transmit beam for reception via each receive beam. UE 702 can receive at least one RS transmitted via each transmit beam at each receive beam. For example, refer to... Figure 8 For a total of 25 RSs, UE2 (e.g., which may correspond to UE 704) can transmit the set of five RSs via each of the five transmit beams (e.g., beams "a" to "e"). UE1 (e.g., which may correspond to UE 702) can receive one or more RSs transmitted via a specific transmit beam (e.g., any beam from "a" to "e") via each receive beam. Figure 8 In this context, the set of RSs sent by UE2 (e.g., TRP 704b) includes 25 ( ) RS timing.

[0079] To determine the second set of candidate BPLs, the first UE 702 can measure the signal strength of the RS received by 712A at each reception timing. For example, referring to Figure 8UE1's receive TRP Rx (2) (e.g., which may correspond to UE 702's RxTRP 702a) measures the signal strength of RS transmitted via each beam direction (e.g., "a" to "e") of UE2's Tx (2) (e.g., which may correspond to UE 704's TRP 704b) via each receive beam direction (e.g., "a" to "e"). For example, at RS timing 822, UE1's Rx (2) measures the signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) of the signal transmitted by UE2's Tx (2) via beam direction "b" via beam direction "e". UE 704 can also receive RS transmitted from Tx TRP 704b via each transmit beam of Tx TRP 704b via each receive beam of Rx TRP 704a. UE 704 can measure the transmitted signal strength received by 712B to determine the level of self-interference. For example, refer to Figure 8 At RS timing 822, the Rx (1) of UE2 (e.g., UE 704) is used to measure self-interference (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ or SINR) based on the transmission of Tx (2) from UE2 (e.g., TRP 704b of UE 704) via beam direction “e”.

[0080] The first and second sets of candidate BPLs can be based on measurements of 708A / 708B (and 712A / 712B). Determined candidates can include each BPL (e.g., a pair of receive and transmit beams) whose measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is higher than a threshold. The threshold can be predetermined (or pre-configured). In some aspects, the threshold can be determined based on at least one of the RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in at least one set of candidate BPLs. In some aspects, the threshold may be different for a first set of candidate BPLs determined (or identified) for a first SL and a second set of candidate BPLs determined (or identified) for a second SL. For example, the threshold can be based on the highest measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR (e.g., the threshold could be 10% of the highest measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR). In some respects, a number of BPLs with the highest RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR thresholds (e.g., 1, 5, 10, etc.) can be identified as being included in the set of candidate BPLs for each SL communication.

[0081] For example, refer to Figure 8Candidate BPLs for the first SL communication (e.g., Tx (1) to Rx (1)) can be identified as {Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(b); Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(c); Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(c); Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(d); Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(d); Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(e)} indicated by RS timings (e.g., 814 and 816) and identified as having RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR that can be measured as above a threshold. Candidate BPLs for the second SL communication (e.g., Tx (2) to Rx (2)) can be identified as {Tx (2)(a), Rx (2)(e); Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(a); Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(b); Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(d); Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(e); Tx (2)(e), Rx (2)(b)} indicated by RS timings (e.g., 824 and 826) and identified as having RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR that can be measured as above a threshold.

[0082] In some aspects, measurements of SI 708B and 712B can be used to exclude combinations of BPLs in the first and second sets of candidate BPLs that have RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR above a threshold from the FD second beam scan step. For example, combinations of BPLs that each have at least one RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR that may be above a threshold (measured without SI), but whose RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for SI (e.g., in a particular beam direction / using a particular receive beam included in one of the BPLs) are above different SI thresholds (e.g., RS reception timing 818) can be excluded from further beam scan steps (e.g., the FD second beam scan step). The different SI thresholds can be predetermined (or pre-configured) thresholds, or they can be based on the measured signal strength of 712A / 708A for the RS of the BPL that includes the receive beam that has experienced the threshold level SI. For example, refer to Figure 8For SI from the transmit beam Tx(1) in direction “b” above the threshold, Rx(2) can measure RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR in the receive beam “b”. Based on the identifier of the SI at the threshold level when using the transmit beam Tx(1) in direction “b” and the receive beam Rx(2) in direction “b”, some combinations of BPLs from the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs may not be included in the FD second beam scanning step. For example, based on the SI detected between Tx(1)(b) and Rx(2)(b), the set of BPLs including Tx(1)(b) and Rx(2)(b) may not be excluded.

[0083] Based on measurements 708A / 712A (and 708B / 712B), at least one of UE 702 or UE 704 transmits signal strength measurement information 714. The signal strength measurement information 714 may include at least one of the following: (1) measured signal strength (708A or 712A) and SI (708B or 712B) at the transmitting UE (e.g., UE 702 or UE 704), (2) a determined set of candidate BPLs for a particular SL communication, and / or (3) transmission configuration information (TCI) for each BPL in the set of candidate BPLs.

[0084] After transmitting and / or receiving signal strength information 714 at UE 702 and / or UE 704, at least one of UE 702 and / or UE 704 determines a configuration 716 for FD beam training based on a determined first and second set of candidate BPLs. In some aspects, the FD configuration includes identifying multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for its first UE. The FD beam training (or scanning) configuration may be based on the signal strength measured at a particular UE (708A / 708B / 712A / 712B) and the signal strength measurement information 714. The FD beam scanning configuration may specify a set of transmit and receive directions in any candidate BPL included in the first and second sets of candidate BPLs. For example, refer to Figure 8 and 9 The HD first beam scanning process can identify the transmit beam directions Tx (1)(b), (c) and (d) and Tx (2)(a), (b), (d) and (e) and the receive beam directions Rx (1)(b), (c), (d) and (e) and Rx (2)(a), (b), (d) and (e) in at least one BPL included in the set of candidate BPLs.

[0085] Based on the determined FD beam training configuration of 716, UE 702 and UE 704 can transmit a set of RSs from each transmit beam identified in the FD configuration, as described below. Figure 8-10 As described. Each UE in UE 702 and UE 704 can (simultaneously) receive pairs of RSs from the set of RSs transmitted and measure the signal strength and self-interference of 720B against the BPL included in the FD beam scanning configuration. For example, similar to the above regarding Figure 5 and 6 The described beam scanning process is for determining the optimal BPL for each unidirectional SL communication. Figure 9 The FD second beam scanning step measures the RS from each possible combination of transmit beams from at least one BPL in the set of candidate BPLs at the receive beam. Measurements may include RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR to determine the signal strength or quality in the presence of a BS transmitted from the candidate transmit beam direction in the first set of candidate BPLs and an RS transmitted from the candidate transmit beam direction in the second set of candidate BPLs.

[0086] Therefore, in Figure 9 In the FD second beam scanning step shown, the identified transmit beam directions include three beam directions for Tx(1) (e.g., Tx(1)(b), (c), and (d)) and four beam directions for Tx(2) (e.g., Tx(2)(a), (b), and (d)), while the four receive beam directions are identified for each of Rx(1) and Rx(2) (e.g., Rx(1)(b), (c), (d), and (e) and Rx(2)(a), (b), and (d)). The FD second beam scanning step includes 48 RS opportunities, such that the first and second beam scanning steps can span (or consume) 98 RS opportunities, instead of the above-mentioned... Figure 5 and 6 The described beam scanning process spans 125 RS moments.

[0087] In some aspects, the FD second beam scanning configuration specifies a set of transmit and receive beam combinations that can be used to identify combinations of the following that can be used to establish FD SL communication: (1) BPLs from a first set of candidate BPLs and (2) BPLs from a second set of candidate BPLs. For example, refer to Figure 8 and 10The FD second beam scan configuration can specify a set of transmit and receive beam combinations (e.g., Tx (1)(b), Tx (2)(a), Rx (1)(b), Rx (2)(e); Tx (1)(b), Tx (2)(a), Rx (1)(c), Rx (2)(e); etc.) based on BPL (e.g., combinations of transmit and receive beams) to select a reduced number of RS transmit and receive timings based on specific receive beam candidates for each combination of transmit beam directions. For example, the transmit beam direction “b” for Tx (1) can be associated with the receive beam directions “b” and “c” for Rx (1), and in the FD second beam scan step, two RSs can be transmitted, wherein the first RS is measured at Rx (1) via the receive beam direction “b”, and the second RS is measured at Rx (1) via the receive beam direction “c”, as in measurement 1012 of Rx (1). Similarly, the Rx (1) measurement timing sets 1014 and 1016 may each include measurements via two beam directions associated with Tx (1) beam directions “c” and “d” (e.g., Rx (1) beam directions “c” / “d” and “d” / “e”, respectively).

[0088] Additionally, each transmit beam direction (e.g., beam directions “a”, “b”, “d”, and “e”) of Tx (2) in the set of candidate BPLs can be measured at Rx (2) via a set of beam directions associated with the transmit beam direction. Therefore, Rx (2) can measure the RS associated with beam directions “b”, “d”, and “e” transmitted by Tx (2) via receive beam direction “e” 1022 and the RS associated with beam directions “b”, “d”, and “e” transmitted by Tx (2) via receive beam directions “a” / “b” 1024, “d” / “e” 1026, and “b” 1028, respectively. Measuring the transmit beam direction of each BPL in the set of candidate BPLs via the receive beam direction associated with the BPL, rather than measuring each BPL transmit beam direction via each receive beam direction associated with any BPL, can further reduce the number of RS opportunities in the two-step beam scan process. Figure 10 The second beam scanning step of the FD can include 24 RS opportunities, so that the first and second beam scanning steps can span (or consume) 74 RS opportunities, instead of the above-mentioned... Figure 8 and 9 The beam scanning process described in (or 5 and 6) spans 98 (or 125) timings. Generally speaking, The set of RS opportunities (based on N transmit beam directions and M receive beam directions) can be reduced to... Where K1 and K2 are the number of identified transmit beams (e.g., transmit beam directions) in the first and second sets of candidate BPLs, respectively, and Mʹ is the number of identified receive beams (e.g., receive beam directions) in the first and second sets of candidate BPLs. Figure 8-10 As can be seen, for the case of N=M=5, the number of RS opportunities can be reduced by 20-40%, and the reduction is expected to be even greater for a larger number of possible transmission and / or reception directions.

[0089] UE 702 can receive FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722, which can be transmitted by UE 704. In some aspects, UE 702 can also transmit the FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722, and UE 704 can also receive the FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722. The FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722 may include raw data about RS measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for each measured combination of BPLs). In some aspects, the FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722 may include an indication of BPLs that satisfy a first set of thresholds while simultaneously experiencing self-interference from a second set of thresholds. Based on measurements 720A / 720B and the received FD beam-scanning RS measurement information 722, a first UE (e.g., UE 702 and / or UE 704) can establish 724 FD communication with other UEs (e.g., UE 704 and / or UE 702).

[0090] Establishing 724 FD communication may include determining whether the first UE 702 and the second UE 704 (via the first SL and the second SL) are capable of establishing SFFD communication. The determination may be based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from the set of RS 718 and at least one simultaneously received RS overlapping with at least one transmitted RS from the set of RS 718 on the set of frequency resources; and (2) FD beam scanning RS measurement information 722 that the UE 702 may receive from the second UE 704. For example, refer to... Figure 6 Determining whether the first and second UEs can perform SFFD can be based on measurements of RS received simultaneously via time and frequency resources 662.

[0091] Establishing 724 FD communication may further include: determining whether the first UE 702 and the second UE 704 (via the first SL and the second SL) are capable of establishing SBFD communication. The determination may be based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from the set of RS 718 and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one transmitted RS from the set of RS 718 on the set of frequency resources; and (2) FD beam scanning RS measurement information 722 that the UE 702 can receive from the second UE 704. For example, refer to... Figure 6 Determining whether the first and second UEs can perform SBFD can be based on measurements of RSs that are received simultaneously via time and frequency resources 656 and 658 and do not overlap on the set of frequency resources.

[0092] In some aspects, the establishment of 724 FD communication by UE 702 may include: selecting, based on the configuration determined 716 for FD beam training, measurement 720A, and FD beam scanning RS measurement information 722: (1) a first BPL in a first set of candidate BPLs for a first SL, and (2) a second BPL in a second set of candidate BPLs for a second SL that can be used to establish 724 FD communication. For example, referring to Figure 8-10 And 4, the beam measurements associated with BPL Tx (1)(d) / Rx (1)(d) and the measurements associated with BPL Tx (2)(b) / Rx (2)(b) can indicate that the two BPLs have signal strengths that meet the threshold signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) and that the two BPLs have experienced SI values ​​below the threshold SI (e.g., as measured by RSRP or RSRQ). Therefore, with Figure 4 Similarly, UE 402 can transmit from TRP 410 using beam direction "d" 414, and UE 404 can receive transmissions from TRP 410 using TRP 420 in beam direction "d" 424. Additionally, UE 404 can transmit from TRP 440 using beam direction "b" 442, and UE 402 can receive transmissions from TRP 440 using TRP 430 in beam direction "b" 432.

[0093] Figure 11This is a flowchart 1100 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a first UE (e.g., UE 104; UE 402; UE 702; device 1502). The method can reduce the number of RSs used to perform beam scanning. At 1102, the UE can determine: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL, and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL. The first UE can transmit data to the second UE via the first SL and can receive data from the second UE via the second SL. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and 8 The first UE 702 may determine a first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL communication (e.g., Tx (1) to Rx (1)) including BPLs {Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(b)}; {Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(c)}; {Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(c)}; {Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(d)}; {Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(d)}; and {Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(e)}. The first UE can also determine a second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL communication (e.g., Tx (2) to Rx (2)), including BPLs {Tx (2)(a), Rx (2)(e)}; {Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(a)}; {Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(b)}; {Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(d)}; {Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(e)}; and {Tx (2)(e), Rx (2)(b)}. For example, 1102 can be performed by the candidate BPL determining component 1540.

[0094] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Flowchart 1200 of the sub-steps of step 1102. Optional aspects are shown in dashed lines. At 1202A, for each of the plurality of receive beams of the first UE, the first UE may measure at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for a set of RSs including at least one RS transmitted from each of the plurality of transmit beams of the second UE. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and 8 The first UE (e.g., UE 702) can receive at least one set of RSs via each transmit beam direction for each receive beam direction 710, and can measure 712A the signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) of the set of RSs 710 received via each receive beam associated with the receive (Rx) TRP 702a. Figure 8As shown, for each specific transmit beam direction “a” to “e” associated with transmit (Tx)TRP 704b, a first UE (e.g., UE 702) can measure signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) via each receive beam direction “a” to “e” associated with receive (Rx)TRP 702a. For example, 1202A can be performed by candidate BPL determination component 1540.

[0095] At 1202B, the first UE can determine that the second set of candidate BPLs includes each pair of receive and transmit beams for which the RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured at 1202A is higher than a threshold. The threshold can be pre-configured based on signal strength, where communication is unreliable or results in an unacceptable block error rate (BLER) when the signal strength is below the threshold. In some aspects, the threshold is determined based on at least one of the RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs. For example, the threshold can be determined such that no more than a first number of candidate BPLs are determined to be included in the second set of candidate BPLs. In some aspects, the threshold is determined based on the maximum value of at least one of the RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs. For example, the threshold can be determined based on the highest measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR multiplied by a value between 0 and 1. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and 8 The first UE can determine that at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for the BPL {Tx (2)(a), Rx (2)(e)}; {Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(a)} (e.g., 824); {Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(b)} (e.g., 826); {Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(d)}; {Tx (2)(d), Rx (2)(e)}; and {Tx (2)(e), Rx (2)(b)} of measurement 712A is higher than a threshold. For example, 1202B can be performed by the candidate BPL determination component 1540.

[0096] At 1202C, the first UE can receive an indication of a first set of candidate BPLs from the second UE. The indication of the first set of candidate BPLs can be based on measurements transmitted from the first UE that can be received at the second UE. The indication of the first set of candidate BPLs may include a set of measurement data for each BPL among those identified / measured at the second UE. In some aspects, the indication of the first set of candidate BPLs may include the identifier of a BPL that has or does not have associated measurement data. The first set of candidate BPLs can then be determined based on the received indication. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and 8 Signal strength measurement information 714 can be transmitted by UE 704 and received at UE 702. Signal strength measurement information 714 may include an indication that the BPL {Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(b); Tx (1)(b), Rx (1)(c); Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(c); Tx (1)(c), Rx (1)(d); Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(d); Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(e)} has been included in a first set of candidate BPLs, and / or measured signal strength values ​​for the BPLs. For example, 1202C can be performed by the candidate BPL determination component 1540.

[0097] Therefore, the determination 1102 of the first set of candidate BPLs associated with (1) the first SL and (2) the second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL can be based on: measuring the RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR of the first set of RSs received at the first UE by 1202A; determining the second set of candidate BPLs to include BPLs whose measured signal strength values ​​are above a threshold; and determining the first set of candidate BPLs based on an indication of the first set of candidate BPLs that the first UE can receive from the second UE. For example, referring to Figure 7 and 8 The first UE (e.g., UE 702) can determine a second set of candidate BPLs based on the measurement 712A reference signal, and the first UE (e.g., UE 702) can receive signal strength measurement information 714 from the second UE (e.g., UE 704) and can determine a first set of candidate BPLs based on the received signal strength measurement information 714.

[0098] After determining a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL and a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, at 1104, the first UE can determine a configuration for FD beam training based on the determined first set and the determined second set of candidate BPLs. In some aspects, the configuration for FD beam training includes multiple instances of its first UE simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS. For example, the FD beam training configuration may include instances of a set of RS that its UE can transmit from a first (transmit) TRP and receive from a second (receive) TRP. The FD beam training configuration may include RS configuration for at least one BPL in the first set and the second set of candidate BPLs. In some aspects, the FD beam training (or scanning) configuration may identify and / or specify each possible combination of transmit beams identified as belonging to at least one BPL in the set of candidate BPLs at each individual receive beam. In some aspects, FD beam training (or scanning) configuration can specify a set of transmit and receive beam combinations (e.g., combinations of transmit and receive beams) based on BPL to select a reduced number of RS transmit and receive timings based on specific receive beam candidates for each combination of transmit beam directions for first and second sets of candidate BPLs. For example, 1104 can be performed by FD beam scanning configuration component 1542.

[0099] For example, refer to Figure 9 and 10 The FD beam training configuration may include simultaneous RS transmissions from combinations of: (1) the transmit beam directions of each of Tx (1)(b), Tx (1)(c), and Tx (1)(d) and (2) the transmit beam directions of each of Tx (2)(a), (b), (d), and (e). Different combinations of transmitted RS can be measured by each receive beam direction of a BPL in a first set of candidate BPLs or a second set of candidate BPLs, in conjunction with... Figure 9 Similarly, each combination of transmitted RSs is measured via each of the four receive beam directions of the first receive TRP of UE2 and the second receive TRP of UE1. In some aspects, each combination of transmitted RSs can be measured via each receive beam direction associated with the corresponding beam direction of any of the transmit beam directions of the transmitted RSs, such as... Figure 10As shown, each combination of the transmitted RS is measured by the following: (1) the receive beam direction of the first receive TRP of UE2 associated with the transmit beam direction of the first transmit TRP corresponding to UE1; and (2) the receive beam direction of the second receive TRP of UE1 associated with the transmit beam direction of the second transmit TRP corresponding to UE2.

[0100] In some aspects, the configuration for FD beam training includes at least one of a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) indicating a quasi-co-location (QCL) associated with each beam in a first set and a second set of candidate BPLs. The TCI indicating the QCL can identify... Figure 9 and 10 The different combinations of transmit and receive beams shown (e.g., Tx (1)(b), Tx (2)(a), Rx (1)(b), Rx (2)(e); Tx (1)(b), Tx (2)(a), Rx (1)(c), Rx (2)(e)) are associated with transmit beam directions and receive beam directions.

[0101] At 1106, the first UE can select, based on the FD beam training configuration determined at 1104, a first BPL from a first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL; and a second BPL from a second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL. For example, 1106 can be performed by BPL selection component 1544. Figure 13 yes Figure 11 Flowchart 1300 shows a sub-step of step 1106. Optional aspects are shown in dashed lines. To select the first and second BPLs at 1106, at 1306A, the first UE can transmit from the first (transmit) TRP a set of one or more RSs for each BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs. The set of one or more RSs that the first UE can transmit may include at least one RS for reception via each receive beam in the receive beams of the BPLs in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. For example, refer to... Figure 9 and 10 The first UE (UE1) can transmit a set of RS via each transmit beam direction (directions "b" to "d") in the first set of candidate BPLs, for reception via each receive beam in the set of receive beams from the first and second sets of candidate BPLs, such as Figure 9 and 10 As shown and described above. For example, 1306A can be executed by BPL selection component 1544.

[0102] At 1306B, for each transmitted RS in a set of one or more RSs that the first UE can receive at a second (receive) TRP, the first UE can measure at least one of the following: (1) the set of one or more transmitted RSs; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS that can be transmitted from the second UE via a transmit beam in a BPL in a second set of candidate BPLs. For example, refer to Figure 7 and 9 During a time interval in which the second UE (UE2) can transmit a set of four RSs for each of the four transmission beam directions "a", "b", "d", and "e", the first UE (UE1) can transmit a set of 16 RSs via a transmission beam direction "d" associated with the first transmission (Tx) TRP (e.g., Tx TRP 702b). The first UE can simultaneously receive (e.g., during RS reception timings in RS reception timing set 924) RSs from the set of 16 RSs transmitted by the first UE (UE1) via transmission beam direction "d" (e.g., Tx (1)(d)) and RSs from the set of four RSs transmitted by the second UE (UE2) via transmission beam direction "b" (e.g., Tx (2)(b)) via a specific reception beam direction "a", "b", "d", or "e" (e.g., Rx (2)(a), (b), (d) or (e)) of the first UE's reception (Rx) TRP. Similarly, refer to Figure 7 and 10 During a time interval in which the second UE (UE2) can transmit a set of two RSs for each of the four transmission beam directions “a”, “b”, “d” and “e”, the first UE (UE1) can transmit a set of eight RSs via a transmission beam direction “d” associated with the first transmission (Tx) TRP (e.g., Tx TRP 702b). The first UE can simultaneously receive (e.g., during RS reception timings in RS reception timing set 1024) RSs from the set of eight RSs transmitted by the first UE (UE1) via transmission beam direction “d” (e.g., Tx (1)(d)) and RSs from the set of two RSs transmitted by the second UE (UE2) via transmission beam direction “b” (e.g., Tx (2)(b)) via a specific reception beam direction “a” or “b” (e.g., Rx (2)(a) or (b)) of the first UE’s reception (Rx) TRP (e.g., Rx (1)(d)). For example, 1306B can be executed by BPL selection component 1544.

[0103] At 1306C, the first UE can receive information from the second UE regarding measurements of RS associated with the transmit beams in the first set and the second set of candidate BPLs. For example, refer to Figure 7 The first UE (UE 702) can receive FD beam scan RS measurement information 722 that can be transmitted by the second UE (UE 704). The FD beam scan RS measurement information 722 (e.g., information about measurements of RS associated with transmit beams in a first set and a second set of candidate BPLs) can include raw data about RS measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for each measured combination of BPLs). In some aspects, the FD beam scan RS measurement information 722 includes an indication of BPLs that satisfy the signal strength and / or signal quality thresholds for the first set and simultaneously experience the SI of the second set that satisfies the SI threshold.

[0104] At 1306D, the first UE can select a first BPL for a first SL and a second BPL for a second SL based on a set of transmitted RSs (RSs) and measurements of at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE. In some aspects, the selection of the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL can also be based on information that the first UE can receive at 1306C. To select the first and second BPLs at 1306D, the first UE can determine at 1306E at a combination of at least one first BPL from a first set of candidate BPLs and at least one second BPL from a second set of candidate BPLs, based on measurements of RSs at the first UE at 1306B and measurements of RSs received from the second UE at 1306C, for which each RS has a SINR above a threshold when measured simultaneously. For example, refer to Figure 4 , 79 and 10, based on measurements taken at RS reception times 912-918 (or during RS reception time set 1024), the first UE (e.g., UE402 / 702 or UE1) can determine that when RS is transmitted simultaneously by the first UE (e.g., UE 402 / 702 or UE1) via transmission beam direction Tx (1)(d) and by the second UE (e.g., UE 404 / 704 or UE2) via transmission beam direction Tx (2)(b) (e.g., during RS reception times 912-918 or 1032 and 1034), the combinations of BPL (Tx (1)(d), Rx (1)(d)) and (Tx (2)(b), Rx (2)(b)) each have SINR higher than a threshold. The determination can also be based on similar information that the first UE (e.g., UE 402 / 702 or UE1) can receive from the second UE (e.g., UE 404 / 704 or UE2) regarding RS measurements performed at the second UE (e.g., UE 404 / 704 or UE2).

[0105] In some aspects, there may be additional combinations of a first BPL from a first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from a second set of candidate BPLs, where, in the case of additional combinations, when RSs are simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first and second BPLs, each RS has a SINR higher than a threshold. For example, refer to Figure 8-10 The first and second sets of candidate BPLs can each contain 6 candidate BPLs (e.g., {Tx(1)(b), Rx(1)(b); Tx(1)(b), Rx(1)(c); Tx(1)(c), Rx(1)(c); Tx(1)(c), Rx(1)(d); Tx(1)(d), Rx(1)(d); Tx(1)(d), Rx(1)(e)} and {Tx(2)(a), Rx(2)(e); Tx(2)(b), Rx(2)(a); Tx(2)(b), Rx(2)(b); Tx(2)(d), Rx(2)(d); Tx(2)(d), Rx(2)(e); Tx(2)(e), Rx(2)(b)}). The set of 36 combinations can be composed of the first and second sets of 6 candidate BPLs. Among 36 possible combinations of BPLs from the first set and the second set of candidate BPLs, the first UE can determine at 1306E that when 26 combinations of BPLs are simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first and second BPLs, the SINR of the RS measured at the first and second UEs receiving the BPL-based combination is higher than a threshold. For example, 1306D and 1306E can be performed by the BPL selection component 1544.

[0106] After determining at least one combination of a first BPL from a first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from a second set of candidate BPLs, the first UE can select at 1306F at at least one determined combination of BPLs including the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL. The selection can be based on a combination of measurements of signal strength or signal quality (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR). The combined measurement of signal strength and / or signal quality can be the average of signal strength and / or signal quality measured individually for each of the two BPLs in the BPL combination. The average can be, for example, an arithmetic mean or a geometric mean. A metric (e.g., the average signal quality of the combination of BPLs) can be associated with each combination of BPLs such that the combinations can be ranked. Selecting the first and second BPLs for the first and second SLs can then include selecting the first and second BPLs in the BPL combination that have the highest (or lowest) ranking (or metric). For example, referring to... Figure 4 , 7 And 8-10, the first UE (e.g., 402 / 702) can be based on Figure 8 The measurement shown is 712A and Figure 9 Alternatively, measurement 720A as shown in 10 can be used to select a first BPL for the first SL 450, including Tx (1)(d) 414 and Rx (1)(d) 424, and a second BPL for the second SL 460, including Tx (2)(b) 442 and Rx (2)(b). For example, 1306D and 1306F can be performed by BPL selection component 1544.

[0107] At 1108, the first UE can establish FD communication with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL. Figure 14 yes Figure 11 The flowchart 1400 shows the sub-step of step 1108. When establishing SFFD communication at 1108, the first UE can determine at 1408A whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD communication based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs on a set of available frequency resources; and (2) information received from the second UE regarding the measurements of RSs. The determination can also be performed during the selection process, and the result of the determination may contribute to the metrics used to rank the combinations of BPLs determined at 1306E. The ability to conduct SFFD communication can add an additive or multiplicative factor to the metrics (e.g., making the combination of BPLs more satisfactory). For example, refer to Figure 6 , 79 and 10, the first UE (and the second UE) can measure the difference between the first UE (e.g., UE 702 or UE1) and the second UE (e.g., UE 704 or UE2) during FD beam scanning operation (e.g. Figure 9 and 10 The RS transmitted during the same (e.g., overlapping) time and frequency resources (e.g., time and frequency resource 662) period. The first UE can then determine whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD communication based on the RS measurement. The first UE can determine that the SI experienced at the receiving TRP via the specific receiving beam direction when transmitting from the first TRP via the specific transmit beam direction is lower (or higher) than a threshold, and determine that the first SL and the second SL using the specific transmit and receive beam directions may be able to (or not be able to) perform SFFD communication. For example, 1408A can be performed by the FD communication establishment component 1546.

[0108] When establishing FD communication at 1108, the first UE may also determine at 1408B whether the first SL and the second SL are capable of establishing SBFD communication based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs on a set of available frequency resources; and (2) information received from the second UE regarding the measurements of RSs. The determination may also be performed during the selection process, and the result of the determination may contribute to a metric used to rank the combinations of BPLs determined at 1306E. The capability to conduct SBFD communication may increase the metric by an additive or multiplicative factor (e.g., making the combination of BPLs more satisfactory). The additive or multiplicative factor associated with the capability to conduct SBFD communication may be smaller than the additive or multiplicative factor associated with the capability to conduct SFFD communication. For example, refer to... Figure 6 , 7 9 and 10, the first UE (and the second UE) can measure the difference between the first UE (e.g., UE 702 or UE1) and the second UE (e.g., UE 704 or UE2) during FD beam scanning operation (e.g. Figure 9 and 10The RS transmitted during the period (shown) in different (e.g., non-overlapping) time and frequency resources (e.g., time and frequency resource sets 656 and 658). The first UE can then determine whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication based on the RS measurement. The first UE can determine that the SI (between different frequency resources) experienced at the receiving TRP via a specific receiving beam direction when transmitting from the first TRP via a specific transmit beam direction is below (or above) a threshold, and determine that the first SL and the second SL using the specific transmit and receive beam directions may be able to (or not be able to) perform SBFD communication. For example, 1408B can be performed by the FD communication establishment component 1546.

[0109] At 1408C, the first UE may determine whether to establish SFFD communication or SBFD communication with the second UE based on at least one of the following: (1) whether the first SL and the second SL at 1408A can establish SFFD; and (2) whether the first SL and the second SL at 1408B can establish SBFD communication. After determining at 1408C whether to establish SFFD communication or SBFD communication with the second UE, the first UE may establish FD communication between the first UE and the second UE via a first BPL for the first SL and a second BPL for the second SL. For example, 1108 and 1408C may be performed by the FD communication establishment component 1546.

[0110] Figure 15This is a schematic diagram 1500 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for device 1502. Device 1502 is a UE and includes a cellular baseband processor 1504 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 1522 and one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1520, an application processor 1506 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1508 and a screen 1510, a Bluetooth module 1512, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) module 1514, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module 1516, and a power supply 1518. The cellular baseband processor 1504 communicates with the UE 104 and / or BS 102 / 180 via the cellular RF transceiver 1522. The cellular baseband processor 1504 may include computer-readable media / memory. The computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1504 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When executed by the cellular baseband processor 1504, the software causes the cellular baseband processor 1504 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1504 during software execution. The cellular baseband processor 1504 also includes a receiving component 1530, a communication manager 1532, and a transmitting component 1534. The communication manager 1532 includes one or more of the components shown. The components within the communication manager 1532 can be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 1504. The cellular baseband processor 1504 can be a component of the UE 350 and can include a memory 360 and / or at least one of a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1502 can be a modem chip and only include the baseband processor 1504; in another configuration, the device 1502 can be the entire UE (e.g., see...). Figure 3 (350) and includes the aforementioned additional modules of device 1502.

[0111] The communication manager 1532 includes a candidate BPL determination component 1540, which can be configured to determine: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL; and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, wherein the first UE transmits data to the second UE via the first SL, and the first UE receives data from the second UE via the second SL, for example, as in combination Figure 11 1102 and Figure 12As described in 1202A-1202C. The communication manager 1532 may also include an FD beam scanning configuration component 1542, which receives input from component 1540 in the form of a determined first set and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, and can be configured to determine a configuration for FD beam training based on the determined first set and the determined second set of candidate BPLs, wherein the configuration for FD beam training includes multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for its first UE, for example, as combined with Figure 11 As described in 1104. The communication manager 1532 may also include a BPL selection component 1544, which receives input from component 1542 in the form of a determined FD beam training configuration, and can be configured to select, based on the determined configuration for FD beam training, the following: (1) a first BPL in a first set of candidate BPLs for a first SL; and (2) a second BPL in a second set of candidate BPLs for a second SL, for example, as in combination Figure 11 1106 and Figure 13 As described in 1306A-1306F. The communication manager 1532 may also include an FD communication establishment component 1546, which receives input from component 1544 in the form of a selected first BPL and a selected second BPL, and can be configured to establish FD communication with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL, for example, as in combination with... Figure 11 1108 and Figure 14 As described in 1408A-1408C.

[0112] The device may include additional components that perform Figure 11-14 Each box in the algorithm's bounding box in the aforementioned flowchart. Thus, Figure 11-14 Each block in the aforementioned flowchart can be executed by a component, and the apparatus can include one or more of these components. A component can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, one or more hardware components implemented by a processor configured to execute the process / algorithm, one or more hardware components stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0113] In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL; and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, wherein a first UE transmits data to a second UE via the first SL, and the first UE receives data from the second UE via the second SL. In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for measuring at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for a set of RSs including at least one RS transmitted from each of a plurality of transmit beams of the second UE for each of a plurality of receive beams of the first UE. In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining the second set of candidate BPLs for each pair of receive and transmit beams for which the measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is above a threshold. In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for receiving an indication of a first set of candidate BPLs from a second UE. In another configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining a configuration for FD beam training based on a determined first set of candidate BPLs and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for its first UE. In yet another configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for selecting, based on the determined configuration for FD beam training, a: (1) a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs for a first SL; and (2) a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs for a second SL. In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes a unit for transmitting from a first TRP a set of one or more RSs for each BPL in a first set of candidate BPLs, the set of one or more RSs including at least one RS for reception via each receive beam in the BPLs of the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. In one configuration, apparatus 1502, and specifically cellular baseband processor 1504, includes a unit for measuring at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for each transmitted RS in the set of one or more RSs received at a second TRP: (1) the transmitted set of one or more RSs; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS from a second UE, the at least one simultaneously received RS being transmitted via a transmit beam in the BPLs of the second set of candidate BPLs.In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for receiving from a second UE information about measurements of RSs associated with transmit beams in a first set and a second set of candidate BPLs. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for selecting a first BPL for a first SL and a second BPL for a second SL based on measurements of the transmitted sets of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining at least one combination of a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs, for which each RS has a SINR above a threshold when RSs are simultaneously received and transmitted via the determined first and second BPLs. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes a unit for selecting at least one determined combination of BPLs including a first BPL for a first SL and a second BPL for a second SL. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes a unit for establishing FD communication with a second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes a unit for determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD communication based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS overlapping with at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs on a set of available frequency resources; and (2) information received from the second UE regarding the measurements of the RSs. In one configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining whether a first SL and a second SL can establish SBFD communication based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one transmitted RS from a set of one or more RSs on a set of available frequency resources; and (2) information received from a second UE regarding the measurements of RS. In another configuration, the apparatus 1502, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1504, includes units for determining whether to establish SFFD communication and SBFD communication with a second UE based on at least one of: (1) determining whether a first SL and a second SL can establish SFFD; and (2) determining whether a first SL and a second SL can establish SBFD communication.The aforementioned unit may be one or more of the aforementioned components of device 1502 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, device 1502 may include TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned unit may be TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0114] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), a UE (e.g., a vehicle) can have multiple TRPs. For example, a small car can have a front antenna panel and a rear antenna panel, while larger vehicles (such as trucks and trailers) can have more than two TRPs. TRPs can be configured as different RF modules with a shared hardware / software controller. Because the TRPs of a vehicle can be separated by a significant distance (e.g., 4 or more meters), each TRP can perform different reception and / or transmission for a particular channel due to: (1) the difference in distance to the transmitter and / or receiver, (2) whether the different TRPs have a difference in LOS (or no line-of-sight (NLOS)) with respect to the transmitter and / or receiver, (3) obstruction, etc. Therefore, FD V2V or V2X communication may be feasible for a UE (e.g., a vehicle) equipped with multiple spatially separated TRPs.

[0115] Specifically, the UE may be able to use a first TRP for receiving and a second TRP for transmitting. Alternatively or additionally, FD V2X communication may be feasible for a larger antenna panel that uses a first set of antenna elements on the panel for receiving communication and a second set of antenna elements on the panel for transmitting communication. In either case, FD communication can be SFFD or SBFD, where SFFD allows simultaneous receiving and transmitting using the same frequency resources, and SBFD allows simultaneous transmitting and receiving using different frequency resources.

[0116] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), beam training mechanisms used in conjunction with transmit / receive beamforming (e.g., for FR2) can specify a first beam scanning mechanism and a second beam refinement mechanism for the transmitter and / or receiver. The transmitter and / or receiver can perform beam scanning to determine the optimal beamwidth (BPL). Beam refinement can be performed by the transmitter and / or receiver to further improve connectivity by selecting a narrower beam.

[0117] In some aspects, beam scanning can be used to identify the most suitable or optimal combination of transmit and receive beams (e.g., based on signal strength or quality). In some aspects, beam scanning can be performed before an RRC connection is established between the transmitting and receiving UEs, and can use beam scanning configurations that are common (e.g., known) to both the transmitting and receiving UEs. For example, the transmitting UE (e.g., the first TRP of the transmitting UE) can transmit in N different directions, while the receiving UE (e.g., the second TRP of the receiving UE) can receive using M different receive beam directions. The receiver can then measure... A number of beam scanning methods are used, and the optimal BPL is selected (e.g., the BPL with the highest RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR). Applying a similar beam scanning method to SLFD communication may result in differences in the transmit and receive beams. There are several different combinations. This may help avoid having to test every possible combination to determine the BPL pair that best supports SL FD communication. Therefore, the above regarding Figure 4-15 The presented two-step FD beam training process provides a reduced number of combinations of tests to determine the BPL pairs that can best support SL FD communication.

[0118] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowchart is illustrative of the exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowchart can be rearranged. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of each box in a sample order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0119] The above description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein, unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form are not intended to mean “one and only one,” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” should be interpreted as meaning “under the condition of,” rather than implying a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (e.g., “when”) do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply mean that an action will occur if the condition is met, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term “some” means one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents of elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known to or will be known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, the disclosure herein is not intended for public distribution, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Terms such as “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” and “device” may not be substitutes for the term “unit.” Thus, unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase “unit for…,” no claim element should be interpreted as a unit plus a function.

[0120] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0121] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication for a first UE, comprising: determining: (1) a first set of candidate BPLs associated with a first SL, wherein the first UE transmits data to a second UE via the first SL; and (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with a second SL, wherein the first UE receives data from the second UE via the second SL; determining a configuration for FD beam training based on the determined first set of candidate BPLs and the determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS for the first UE; selecting, based on the determined configuration for FD beam training: (1) a first BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL; and establishing FD communication with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

[0122] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, wherein determining the second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL includes: measuring at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for a set of RSs including at least one RS transmitted from each of the plurality of transmit beams of the second UE for each of the plurality of receive beams of the first UE; and determining the second set of candidate BPLs includes each pair of receive beams and transmit beams for which the measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is higher than a threshold.

[0123] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, wherein determining the first set of candidate BPLs associated with the first SL includes: receiving an indication of the first set of candidate BPLs from the second UE.

[0124] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of aspects 2 to 3, wherein the threshold is determined based on at least one of RSRP, RSRQ or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

[0125] Aspect 5 is the method according to aspect 4, wherein the threshold is determined based on the maximum value of at least one of RSRP, RSRQ or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

[0126] Aspect 6 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the configuration for FD beam training includes at least one of the following: indicating the TCI of the QCL associated with each beam in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs; and RS configuration for at least one BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs.

[0127] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the first UE has at least a first TRP associated with the first SL and a second TRP associated with the second SL, and wherein the plurality of instances of the first UE simultaneously transmitting and receiving RS includes a plurality of instances of the first UE simultaneously transmitting RS from the first TRP and receiving RS at the second TRP.

[0128] Aspect 8 is the method according to aspect 7, wherein the first TRP is associated with a directional transmit beam in the first set of candidate BPLs, the second TRP is associated with a directional receive beam in the second set of candidate BPLs, and selecting the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL comprises: transmitting from the first TRP a set of one or more RSs for each BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs, the set of one or more RSs including at least one RS for reception by each receive beam in the receive beams of the BPLs in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs; for the set of one or more RSs received at the second TRP For each transmitted RS, measure at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR for: (1) a set of one or more transmitted RSs, and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE, the at least one simultaneously received RS being transmitted via a transmit beam in a BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs; receive from the second UE information about measurements of RSs associated with the first set of candidate BPLs and the transmit beams in the second set of candidate BPLs; and select the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL based on the set of one or more transmitted RSs and the measurements of the at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE.

[0129] Aspect 9 is the method according to aspect 8, wherein selecting the BPL for the first SL and the second SL based on the measurement of the simultaneously received RS comprises: determining at least one combination of a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs based on the measurement of the RS at the first UE and the information about the measurement of the RS received from the second UE, wherein for the at least one combination, each RS has a SINR higher than a threshold when RS is simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first and second BPLs; and selecting at least one determined combination of BPLs including the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL.

[0130] Aspect 10 is the method according to any one of aspects 8 or 9, wherein, for each transmitted RS in the set of one or more RSs, the at least one simultaneously received RS includes: (1) at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources.

[0131] Aspect 11 is the method according to aspect 10, further comprising: determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD communication based on: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted by at least one of the sets of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with at least one RS transmitted by at least one of the sets of one or more RSs on the set of available frequency resources, and (2) the information about the measurement of RS received from the second UE; determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication based on: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted by at least one of the sets of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one RS transmitted by at least one of the sets of one or more RSs on the set of available frequency resources, and (2) the information about the measurement of RS received from the second UE; and determining whether to establish SFFD communication and SBFD communication with the second UE based on at least one of: (1) the determination of whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD, and (2) the determination of whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication.

[0132] Aspect 12 is an apparatus for wireless communication, including at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured to implement the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0133] Aspect 13 is an apparatus for wireless communication, including units for implementing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0134] Aspect 14 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein, when executed by a processor, the code causes the processor to implement the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication for a first user equipment (UE), comprising: Determine: (1) a first set of candidate beampuppet links (BPLs) associated with a first side link (SL), through which the first UE transmits data to a second UE; And (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL, wherein the first UE receives data from the second UE via the second SL; The configuration for full-duplex (FD) beam training is determined based on a determined first set of candidate BPLs and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving reference signals (RS) for the first UE. Based on the determined configuration for FD beam training, select: (1) a first BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL; as well as FD communication is established with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL includes: For each of the plurality of receive beams of the first UE, measure at least one of the following: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for a set of RSs including at least one RS transmitted from each of the plurality of transmit beams of the second UE; and The second set of candidate BPLs includes each pair of receive and transmit beams for which the measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is above a threshold.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Determining the first set of candidate BPLs associated with the first SL includes receiving an indication of the first set of candidate BPLs from the second UE.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The threshold is determined based on at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The threshold is determined based on the maximum value of at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The configuration for FD beam training includes at least one of the following: a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) indicating a quasi-co-location (QCL) associated with each beam in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. And RS configuration for at least one BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first UE includes at least a first transmit / receive point (TRP) associated with the first SL and a second TRP associated with the second SL, and wherein the plurality of instances in which the first UE simultaneously transmits and receives RS includes a plurality of instances in which the first UE simultaneously transmits RS from the first TRP and receives RS at the second TRP.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The first TRP is associated with a directional transmit beam in the first set of candidate BPLs, and the second TRP is associated with a directional receive beam in the second set of candidate BPLs. Selecting the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL includes: A set of one or more RSs for each BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs is sent from the first TRP, the set of one or more RSs including at least one RS for reception by each of the reception beams in the BPLs in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. For each transmitted RS in the set of one or more RSs received at the second TRP, measure at least one of the following for reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR): (1) the set of one or more transmitted RSs, and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE, the at least one simultaneously received RS being transmitted via a transmit beam in a BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs; Receive from the second UE information regarding measurements of RS associated with the transmit beams in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs; and The first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL are selected based on the set of transmissions from one or more RSs and the measurements from the at least one simultaneously received RS from the second UE.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, Selecting the BPL for the first SL and the second SL based on the measurement of the simultaneously received RS includes: Based on the measurements of RS at the first UE and the information about RS received from the second UE, at least one combination of a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs is determined, wherein for the at least one combination, when RS is simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first BPL and second BPL, each RS has a SINR higher than a threshold; and Select at least one determined combination of the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, For each of the transmitted RSs in the set of one or more RSs, the at least one simultaneously received RS includes: (1) at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, Establishing FD communication also includes: Whether the first SL and the second SL can establish single-frequency (SF)FD (SFFD) communication is determined based on the following: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted by one or more RSs in the set and at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with at least one RS transmitted by one or more RSs in the set of available frequency resources, and (2) the information received from the second UE regarding the measurement of RS. Whether the first SL and the second SL can establish subband (SB)FD (SBFD) communication is determined based on the following: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted from the set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one RS transmitted from the set of one or more RSs on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) the information received from the second UE regarding the measurement of RSs; and The determination of whether to establish SFFD communication and SBFD communication with the second UE is based on at least one of the following: (1) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD, and (2) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication.

12. A first device for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; as well as At least one processor, coupled to the memory and configured to perform the following operations: Determine: (1) a first set of candidate beampuppet links (BPLs) associated with a first side link (SL), through which the first device transmits data to the second device; And (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL, wherein the first device receives data from the second device via the second SL; The configuration for full-duplex (FD) beam training is determined based on a determined first set of candidate BPLs and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving reference signals (RS) for the first device thereunder. Based on the determined configuration for FD beam training, select: (1) a first BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL; as well as FD communication is established with the second device based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, The processor configured to determine the second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL is also configured to perform the following operations: For each of the plurality of receive beams of the first device, at least one of the following is measured for a set of RSs, including at least one RS transmitted from each of the plurality of transmit beams of the second device: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), or Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR); and The second set of candidate BPLs includes each pair of receive and transmit beams for which the measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is above a threshold.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein, The processor, configured to determine the first set of candidate BPLs associated with the first SL, is also configured to receive an indication of the first set of candidate BPLs from the second device.

15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein, The threshold is determined based on at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The threshold is determined based on the maximum value of at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured for at least one BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs.

17. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, The configuration for FD beam training includes at least one of the following: a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) indicating a quasi-co-location (QCL) associated with each beam in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. And RS configuration for at least one BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs.

18. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, The first device includes at least a first transmit-receive point (TRP) associated with the first SL and a second TRP associated with the second SL, and wherein the plurality of instances in which the first device simultaneously transmits and receives RS include a plurality of instances in which the first device simultaneously transmits RS from the first TRP and receives RS at the second TRP.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein, The first TRP is associated with a directional transmit beam in the first set of candidate BPLs, and the second TRP is associated with a directional receive beam in the second set of candidate BPLs. The processor configured to select the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL is further configured to perform the following operations: A set of one or more RSs for each BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs is sent from the first TRP, the set of one or more RSs including at least one RS for reception by each of the reception beams in the BPLs in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. For each transmitted RS in the set of one or more RSs received at the second TRP, measure at least one of the following for reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR): (1) the set of one or more transmitted RSs, and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS from the second device, the at least one simultaneously received RS being transmitted via a transmit beam in a BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs; Receive information from the second device regarding measurements of RS associated with the transmit beam in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs; as well as The first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL are selected based on the set of transmissions of one or more RSs and the measurements from the at least one simultaneously received RS from the second device.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The processor, configured to select the BPL for the first SL and the second SL based on the measurement of the simultaneously received RS, is also configured to perform the following operations: Based on the measurement of RS at the first device and the information about the measurement of RS received from the second device, at least one combination of a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs is determined, wherein for the at least one combination, RS has a SINR higher than a threshold when RS is simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first BPL and second BPL. as well as Select at least one determined combination of the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL.

21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, For each of the transmitted RSs in the set of one or more RSs, the at least one simultaneously received RS includes: (1) at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein, The processor configured to establish FD communication is further configured to: Whether the first SL and the second SL can establish single-frequency (SF)FD (SFFD) communication is determined based on the following: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted by one or more RSs in the set and at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with at least one RS transmitted by one or more RSs in the set of available frequency resources, and (2) the information received from the second device regarding the measurement of RS. Whether the first SL and the second SL can establish subband (SB)FD (SBFD) communication is determined based on the following: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted from the set of one or more RSs and at least one RS simultaneously received on the set of available frequency resources that does not overlap with the RS transmitted from at least one RS in the set of one or more RSs; and (2) the information received from the second device regarding the measurement of RS. as well as The determination of whether to establish SFFD communication and SBFD communication with the second device is based on at least one of the following: (1) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD, and (2) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication.

23. A first device for wireless communication, comprising: Units for determining the following: (1) a first set of candidate beampair links (BPLs) associated with a first side link (SL), wherein the first device transmits data to the second device via the first SL; And (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL, wherein the first device receives data from the second device via the second SL; Units for determining configurations for full-duplex (FD) beam training based on a determined first set of candidate BPLs and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configurations for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving reference signals (RS) for the first device thereunder. Units for selecting the following based on the determined configuration for FD beam training: (1) a first BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL. as well as A unit for establishing FD communication with the second device based on a selected first BPL and a selected second BPL.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The unit for determining the second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL further includes: A unit for measuring, for each of the plurality of receive beams of the first device, at least one of the following: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for a set of RSs including at least one RS transmitted from each of the plurality of transmit beams of the second device; and The second set used to determine candidate BPLs includes units for each pair of receive and transmit beams for which the measured RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR is above a threshold.

25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein, The first device includes at least a first transmit-receive point (TRP) associated with the first SL and a second TRP associated with the second SL, and wherein the plurality of instances in which the first device simultaneously transmits and receives RS include a plurality of instances in which the first device simultaneously transmits RS from the first TRP and receives RS at the second TRP.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The first TRP is associated with a directional transmit beam in the first set of candidate BPLs, the second TRP is associated with a directional receive beam in the second set of candidate BPLs, and the unit for selecting the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL further includes: A unit for transmitting from the first TRP a set of one or more RSs for each BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs, the set of one or more RSs including at least one RS for reception by each of the reception beams in the BPLs in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs. A unit for measuring, for each transmitted RS in the set of one or more RSs received at the second TRP, at least one of the following: (1) the set of one or more transmitted RSs, and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS from the second device, wherein the at least one simultaneously received RS is transmitted via a transmit beam in a BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs; A unit for receiving from the second device information regarding measurements of RS associated with the transmit beams in the first set of candidate BPLs and the second set of candidate BPLs; and Units for selecting the first BPL for the first SL and the second BPL for the second SL based on the set of transmissions of one or more RSs and the measurements of the at least one simultaneously received RS from the second device.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein, The unit for selecting the BPL for the first SL and the second SL based on the measurement of the simultaneously received RS further includes: A unit for determining at least one combination of a first BPL from the first set of candidate BPLs and a second BPL from the second set of candidate BPLs based on the measurement of RS at the first device and the information about the measurement of RS received from the second device, wherein for the at least one combination, each RS has a SINR higher than a threshold when RS is simultaneously transmitted and received via the determined first BPL and second BPL; and A unit for selecting at least one determined combination of the first BPL for the first SL and the BPL for the second BPL for the second SL.

28. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein, For each of the transmitted RSs in the set of one or more RSs, the at least one simultaneously received RS includes: (1) at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with the transmitted RS on the set of available frequency resources.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein, The unit for establishing FD communication also includes: The unit is used to determine whether the first SL and the second SL can establish single-frequency (SF)FD (SFFD) communication based on the following: (1) the measurement of at least one RS transmitted from the set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that overlaps with at least one RS transmitted from the set of one or more RSs on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) the information received from the second device regarding the measurement of RS. A unit for determining whether the first SL and the second SL are capable of establishing subband (SB)FD (SBFD) communication based on: (1) measurements of at least one transmitted RS from the set of one or more RSs and at least one simultaneously received RS that does not overlap with at least one transmitted RS from the set of one or more RSs on the set of available frequency resources; and (2) information received from the second device regarding the measurements of the RSs; and The unit is used to determine whether to establish SFFD communication and SBFD communication with the second device based on at least one of the following: (1) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SFFD, and (2) determining whether the first SL and the second SL can establish SBFD communication.

30. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following operations: Determine: (1) a first set of candidate beampuppet links (BPLs) associated with the first side link (SL), through which the first UE transmits data to the second UE; And (2) a second set of candidate BPLs associated with the second SL, wherein the first UE receives data from the second UE via the second SL; The configuration for full-duplex (FD) beam training is determined based on a determined first set of candidate BPLs and a determined second set of candidate BPLs, the configuration for FD beam training including multiple instances of simultaneously transmitting and receiving reference signals (RS) for the first UE. Based on the determined configuration for FD beam training, select: (1) a first BPL in the first set of candidate BPLs for the first SL, and (2) a second BPL in the second set of candidate BPLs for the second SL; as well as FD communication is established with the second UE based on the selected first BPL and the selected second BPL.

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