Liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system and a method thereof. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system utilizes the low-temperature strong paramagnetism of oxygen molecules and the diamagnetism of nitrogen molecules, designs a double-stage oxygen-enriched structure with gradually improved oxygen-nitrogen separation capacity, obtains high-oxygen-content air, and greatly improves the operation efficiency of a hydrogen-air fuel cell; meanwhile, product water of the hydrogen-air fuel cell is exhausted after heat and mass exchange with oxygen-lean air to generate a refrigeration effect, and the cooling efficiency of the air is improved. The application can realize efficient and continuous supply of hydrogen and air of the hydrogen-air fuel cell in the liquid hydrogen aircraft, and guarantees the operation stability of the hydrogen-air fuel cell; the air is continuously cooled by using a dew point indirect evaporative cooler and a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the volume magnetization of oxygen molecules in the air is strengthened; and the designed oxygen-nitrogen separator has simple structure and stable performance, is beneficial to miniaturization, light weight and integrated design, and meets the technical requirements of aviation components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen-powered aircraft technology, specifically to a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Statistics show that the aviation industry accounts for 2% of global carbon emissions annually, with 99% of these emissions originating from aircraft fuel consumption. Hydrogen energy is the most likely power source for future aircraft because it has a higher calorific value per unit mass than aviation kerosene, a higher specific energy density, and its combustion or electrochemical processes primarily produce water, resulting in net-zero emissions.

[0003] Due to its low density, gaseous hydrogen is typically stored in liquid form as the primary energy source for aircraft. Liquid hydrogen has a volume ten times that of an equivalent mass of aviation kerosene, and its onboard storage requires highly insulated, airtight, safe, and reusable tanks. In terms of power, fuel cells can replace traditional turbojet and turbofan engines. Fuel cells react hydrogen with oxygen in the air in an electrochemical process, producing no combustion; the only byproduct is water. They offer advantages such as high efficiency, low noise, and low infrared radiation, making them significant for reducing carbon emissions in the aviation industry.

[0004] Research on fuel cell-powered hydrogen-powered aircraft based on liquid hydrogen is still in its early stages, and there is insufficient consideration for various complex flight environments. For example, the efficiency of hydrogen-air fuel cells in liquid hydrogen aircraft is directly affected by the oxygen content in the air, making it difficult to adapt to areas with thin oxygen, such as high altitudes. Therefore, it is crucial to design a high-efficiency and highly adaptable liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system. It utilizes the strong paramagnetism of oxygen and the diamagnetic properties of nitrogen to design two oxygen-nitrogen separators to produce oxygen-enriched air. At the same time, it uses water and liquid hydrogen produced by the fuel cell to cool the external air, thereby improving the oxygen-nitrogen separation effect. The cooled oxygen-deficient air is then used for fuel cell thermal management, thus comprehensively improving the operating efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0006] The present invention intends to achieve its objective using the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system, which includes a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, a dew point indirect evaporation cooler, a first oxygen-nitrogen separator, a hydrogen pipeline, an air pipeline, an oxygen-enriched pipeline, an oxygen-lean pipeline, and a product water pipeline.

[0008] The liquid hydrogen vaporizer is divided into a first channel and a second channel that form the heat exchange contact.

[0009] The interior of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler is divided into a dry channel and a wet channel that form the heat exchange contact.

[0010] The first oxygen-nitrogen separator is internally divided into a non-connected oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone and an oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone. An array of magnets is installed in the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone, and the array of magnets is set on one side along the gas flow direction in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone. The oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone is divided into an oxygen-rich outlet close to the array of magnets and an oxygen-lean outlet far from the array of magnets. The array of magnets generates a gradient magnetic field in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone, which performs the first pre-separation on the air from the air pipeline. The pre-separated oxygen-rich air is output from the oxygen-rich outlet, and the pre-separated oxygen-lean air is output from the oxygen-lean outlet.

[0011] The second oxygen-nitrogen separator uses a rotary adsorption device. A high-permeability metal mesh is installed on the internal rotary wheel as an oxygen molecule adsorption component. The second oxygen-nitrogen separator is divided into an oxygen release channel and an oxygen absorption channel. Symmetrical magnets are installed on both sides of the rotary wheel in the oxygen absorption channel to form a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the high-permeability metal mesh in the oxygen absorption channel. The high-permeability metal mesh is driven to rotate around the drive shaft of the rotary wheel. Under the action of the gradient magnetic field, it adsorbs oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen absorption channel and carries them to the oxygen release channel for release.

[0012] The hydrogen pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the liquid hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell. It is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and deliver it to the hydrogen-air fuel cell when the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve is opened.

[0013] The air pipeline is connected in sequence to the air shut-off valve, the compressor, the dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporator cooler, the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator. It is used to deliver the outside air to the first oxygen-nitrogen separator for oxygen-nitrogen pre-separation after the outside air has been cooled by the dew point indirect evaporator cooler and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer when the air shut-off valve and the compressor are open.

[0014] The oxygen-enriched pipeline is connected in sequence to the oxygen-enriched outlet, the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve, the oxygen release channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, and the air inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, delivering the pre-separated oxygen-enriched air to the fuel cell.

[0015] The lean oxygen pipeline is connected in sequence to the lean oxygen outlet, the lean oxygen inlet shut-off valve, the oxygen intake channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, the lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve, and the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler. It is used to further separate oxygen and nitrogen in the air at the lean oxygen outlet and to use the lean oxygen air to cool the compressed air at the outlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell and the compressor.

[0016] The product water pipeline is connected in sequence to the product water outlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, the product water shut-off valve, and the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler. It is used to transport the water produced by the hydrogen-air fuel cell to the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and exchange heat and mass with the oxygen-deficient air to produce a cooling effect.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is supplied by self-pressurization or pumping.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the high magnetic permeability metal mesh is made of silicon steel sheet or pure iron.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the array magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the symmetrical magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the baffles separating the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone outlet to form an oxygen-rich outlet and an oxygen-lean outlet are arranged horizontally, the oxygen-rich outlet and the oxygen-lean outlet are of the same size, and the baffles adopt a streamlined design to reduce disturbance.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the symmetrical magnet portion extends into the oxygen release channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator to regulate the release position of oxygen adsorbed by the high-permeability metal mesh.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, liquid hydrogen vaporizer, hydrogen pipeline, air pipeline, and oxygen-deficient pipeline are all externally insulated.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the oxygen-deficient air in the oxygen-deficient pipeline cools the hydrogen-air fuel cell by means of heat exchange coils or direct contact purging.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Open the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve. Liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer through the hydrogen pipeline. After absorbing the heat of the air in the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, it completes vaporization and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell.

[0027] S2. Open the air shut-off valve, oxygen-rich shut-off valve, oxygen-lean inlet shut-off valve, and oxygen-lean outlet shut-off valve. Start the compressor and the second oxygen-nitrogen separator. The outside air first passes through the compressor to be pressurized and heated, and then enters the dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporator cooler for the first cooling. Afterwards, it enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to absorb the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and complete the deep cooling.

[0028] S3. After being cooled twice, the air is input into the inlet of the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator. Under the action of the magnetic force of the array magnet in the magnetic field zone of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone will move towards the side of the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone during the process of being transported to the outlet, gradually forming primary oxygen-rich air and entering the oxygen-rich pipeline from the oxygen-rich outlet, while the remaining air enters the oxygen-lean pipeline from the oxygen-lean outlet.

[0029] S4. The primary oxygen-enriched air entering the oxygen-enriched pipeline passes through the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve and enters the oxygen release channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. It absorbs the oxygen released by the high magnetic permeability metal mesh to form oxygen-enriched air. Then it enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell, reacts with hydrogen to generate current and produce water. The product water enters the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler through the product water pipeline.

[0030] At the same time, the air entering the oxygen-deficient pipeline enters the oxygen absorption channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator through the oxygen-deficient inlet shut-off valve. Under the action of the symmetrical magnet, the surface of the high magnetic permeability metal mesh inside the oxygen absorption channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator will generate a gradient magnetic field, which will further deeply adsorb the oxygen molecules in the remaining air. Under the action of the drive shaft, the high magnetic permeability metal mesh rotates to the oxygen release channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator to release the oxygen molecules.

[0031] S5. The remaining air after passing through the oxygen intake channel of the oxygen-nitrogen separator becomes lean oxygen and continues to be fed into the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell through the lean oxygen pipeline. The battery body is cooled by purging or coil heat exchange. Then, it enters the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporator cooler through the lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve, where it exchanges heat and mass with the water from the product water pipeline and releases cold energy. Finally, it is vented.

[0032] The outstanding and beneficial technical effects of this invention compared to existing technologies are: achieving efficient and continuous supply of hydrogen and air to the hydrogen-air fuel cell in a liquid hydrogen aircraft, ensuring the operational stability of the hydrogen-air fuel cell; continuously cooling the air using a dew point indirect evaporator cooler and a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, enhancing the volume magnetic susceptibility of oxygen molecules inside the air; designing a two-stage oxygen-enriched structure with gradually increasing oxygen-nitrogen separation capability by utilizing the low-temperature strong paramagnetism of oxygen molecules and the diamagnetic nature of nitrogen molecules, obtaining air with high oxygen content, and significantly improving the operating efficiency of the hydrogen-air fuel cell; the product water of the hydrogen-air fuel cell undergoes heat and mass exchange with the oxygen-deficient air to produce a cooling effect before being discharged, improving the air cooling efficiency; the designed oxygen-nitrogen separator has a simple structure and stable performance, which is conducive to miniaturization, lightweighting, and integrated design, meeting the technical requirements of aviation components.

[0033] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system according to the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen pipeline; 2. Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 3. Liquid hydrogen shut-off valve; 4. Liquid hydrogen vaporizer; 5. Hydrogen-air fuel cell; 6. Air pipeline; 7. Air shut-off valve; 8. Compressor; 9. Dew point indirect evaporative cooler; 10. Dry channel; 11. Wet channel; 12. First oxygen-nitrogen separator; 13. Oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone; 14. Oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone; 15. Array magnet; 16. Oxygen-enriched pipeline; 17. Oxygen-enriched shut-off valve; 18. Second oxygen-nitrogen separator; 19. Oxygen-nitrogen separator oxygen release channel; 20. Oxygen-nitrogen separator oxygen absorption channel; 21. High permeability metal mesh; 22. Drive shaft; 23. Symmetrical magnet; 24. Lean oxygen pipeline; 25. Lean oxygen inlet shut-off valve; 26. Lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve; 27. Product water pipeline; 28. Product water shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without mutual conflict.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be a direct connection to the other element or an indirect connection, i.e., there is an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0039] See Figure 1In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system is provided. The system components include a hydrogen pipeline 1, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, a hydrogen-air fuel cell 5, an air pipeline 6, an air shut-off valve 7, a compressor 8, a dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9, a first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12, an oxygen-enriched pipeline 16, an oxygen-enriched shut-off valve 17, a second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18, an oxygen-lean pipeline 24, an oxygen-lean inlet shut-off valve 25, an oxygen-lean outlet shut-off valve 26, a product water pipeline 27, and a product water shut-off valve 28. The cooperation and operation relationships between the components are described in detail below.

[0040] The liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 is internally divided into a first channel and a second channel that form a heat exchange contact. The first channel is used to introduce liquid hydrogen, and the second channel is used to introduce compressed air. The compressed air can absorb the coldness of the liquid hydrogen to cool it down. In addition, the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 is internally divided into a dry channel 10 and a wet channel 11 that form a heat exchange contact. The product water and the oxygen-deficient air absorb heat through heat exchange in the wet channel, while the air releases heat and cools down after passing through the dry channel.

[0041] The first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 is internally divided into a non-connected oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 and an oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14. An array magnet 15 is installed in the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14. The array magnet 15 is arranged unilaterally along the gas flow direction in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13. The oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 is divided into an oxygen-rich outlet near the array magnet 15 and an oxygen-lean outlet away from the array magnet 15 at the outlet position. The array magnet 15 generates a gradient magnetic field in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 to perform the first pre-separation of the air from the air pipe 6. The pre-separated oxygen-rich air is output from the oxygen-rich outlet, and the pre-separated oxygen-lean air is output from the oxygen-lean outlet.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 serves as the first stage of nitrogen-oxygen separation. According to Curie's law, the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature. Therefore, the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of oxygen molecules in the air increases significantly as the air temperature decreases. Before undergoing the first stage of magnetic separation, the air in this invention needs to be pre-pressurized by the compressor 8 and then deeply cooled in the dew point indirect evaporator cooler 9 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4. After these two stages of cooling, the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of oxygen molecules in the air increases significantly, which is beneficial for efficient oxygen-nitrogen separation. Therefore, at this time, the deeply cooled high-pressure air is introduced into the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14 of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12. The oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14 is a horizontal channel. An array magnet 15 is set at the top of the channel, but there is no array magnet 15 at the bottom. Therefore, under the magnetic force of the array magnet 15 on one side, the oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 will move towards the side of the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14. Primary oxygen-rich air is gradually formed on the side close to the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14, while the remaining air on the side far away from the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14 gradually becomes primary oxygen-deficient air.

[0043] In embodiments of the present invention, the array magnet 15 is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, as long as it can provide sufficient magnetic field strength. Meanwhile, to ensure that the primary oxygen-enriched air and the primary oxygen-deficient air do not remix at the outlet, the partitions separating the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 to form an oxygen-enriched outlet and an oxygen-deficient outlet are arranged horizontally. The oxygen-enriched outlet and the oxygen-deficient outlet have the same size, and the partitions are streamlined to reduce disturbance.

[0044] However, it should be noted that the first nitrogen-oxygen separation function of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 relies entirely on the magnetic field. The length of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator along the airflow direction is as long as possible, that is, the air travels as long as possible in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 where the gradient magnetic field is applied, thereby improving the oxygen-nitrogen separation efficiency. However, due to its principle, the degree of oxygen-nitrogen separation of the air by the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 is not very high. Therefore, this invention needs to introduce a second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 for deep separation.

[0045] The second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 employs a rotary adsorption device. A high-permeability metal mesh 21 is mounted on the internal rotary wheel as an oxygen molecule adsorption component. The second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 is internally divided into an oxygen release channel 19 and an oxygen absorption channel 20. The second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 has a structure similar to traditional rotary adsorption devices, alternatingly adsorbing and releasing the target component through the rotation of the rotary wheel. However, since the target component to be separated in this invention is oxygen molecules in the air, it does not require the use of molecular sieves or other adsorbents. Instead, a high-permeability metal mesh 21 is used as the oxygen molecule adsorption component. The high-permeability metal mesh 21 needs to be made of a metal material with high permeability. In embodiments of this invention, the high-permeability metal mesh 21 can be made of silicon steel sheets or industrial pure iron, among other metal materials.

[0046] The high-permeability metal mesh 21 requires a gradient magnetic field for magnetic separation of oxygen molecules. Therefore, a set of symmetrical magnets 23 are arranged on both sides of the rotor of the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen separator to form a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the high-permeability metal mesh 21 within the oxygen absorption channel 20. During the rotation of the high-permeability metal mesh 21 around the drive shaft 22 of the rotor, under the action of the gradient magnetic field, it adsorbs oxygen molecules from the air within the oxygen absorption channel 20 and carries them to the oxygen release channel 19 for release.

[0047] The aforementioned symmetrical magnet 23 can also be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, as long as it can provide sufficient magnetic field strength.

[0048] It should be noted that, theoretically, the symmetrical magnet 23 only needs to apply a gradient magnetic field to the high-permeability metal mesh 21 located in the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. However, in practical applications, if only the high-permeability metal mesh 21 located in the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator is applied with a gradient magnetic field, and the gradient magnetic field disappears immediately after the high-permeability metal mesh 21 rotates into the oxygen release channel 19 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, it is easy for the oxygen molecules adsorbed on the high-permeability metal mesh 21 to immediately desorb back into the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention, in addition to being arranged on both sides of the high-permeability metal mesh 21 within the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the symmetrical magnet 23 can also partially extend into the oxygen release channel 19 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. That is, a gradient magnetic field is applied to a portion of the height region of the high-permeability metal mesh 21 just as it enters the oxygen release channel 19, so that the oxygen molecules adsorbed on the high-permeability metal mesh 21 do not immediately desorb back into the oxygen absorption channel 20, but instead enter the oxygen release channel 19 region away from the oxygen absorption channel 20 before desorbing. Thus, the release position of the oxygen adsorbed on the high-permeability metal mesh 21 can be controlled by adjusting the height of the symmetrical magnet 23 extending into the oxygen release channel 19.

[0049] The first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 and the second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 mentioned above need to work together with other components through various pipelines to maintain the operation of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 in the liquid hydrogen aircraft. The specific coordination is achieved through the connection of hydrogen pipeline 1, air pipeline 6, oxygen-enriched pipeline 16, oxygen-lean pipeline 24 and product water pipeline 27.

[0050] Hydrogen pipeline 1 is sequentially connected to liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, the first channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, and the liquid hydrogen inlet of hydrogen-air fuel cell 5. Liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is used to supply liquid hydrogen, which is supplied through self-pressurization or pumping. Liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3 is used to control the delivery status and flow rate of liquid hydrogen. When liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3 is open, the liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is vaporized and delivered to hydrogen-air fuel cell 5. During this delivery process, it passes through the first channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 and exchanges heat with the working fluid in the second channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4.

[0051] Air line 6 is sequentially connected to air shut-off valve 7, compressor 8, dry channel 10 of dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9, second channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, and oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 of first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12. The inlet of air line 6 is connected to the atmosphere. Air shut-off valve 7 controls the opening and closing of air line 6. Compressor 8 compresses the air, causing it to heat up and increase in pressure. Therefore, it needs to enter the dry channel 10 of dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 to exchange heat with the low-temperature, oxygen-deficient air in the wet channel 11 of dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 for cooling. However, this cooling effect is limited, so it needs to further enter the second channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 to exchange heat with the liquid hydrogen in the first channel of liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, forming deeply subcooled, high-pressure, low-temperature air. Therefore, when air shut-off valve 7 and compressor 8 are open, the outside air passes through the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 and liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 for two stages of cooling before being delivered to the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12 for oxygen-nitrogen pre-separation, improving its oxygen-nitrogen separation efficiency.

[0052] The oxygen-enriched pipeline 16 is sequentially connected to the oxygen-enriched outlet of the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13, the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve 17, the oxygen release channel 19 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, and the air inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5. The oxygen-enriched shut-off valve 17 is used to control the opening and closing of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 16. When the oxygen-enriched pipeline 16 is open, it can deliver the pre-separated oxygen-enriched air to the fuel cell 5 to provide the oxygen required for the combustion of hydrogen components.

[0053] The lean oxygen pipeline 24 is sequentially connected to the lean oxygen outlet of the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13, the lean oxygen inlet shut-off valve 25, the oxygen intake channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5, the lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve 26, and the wet channel 11 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9. The lean oxygen inlet shut-off valve 25 is used to control the opening and closing of the lean oxygen pipeline 24. When the lean oxygen inlet shut-off valve 25 is open, the primary air at the lean oxygen outlet is depleted of oxygen and enters the oxygen intake channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator for further oxygen-nitrogen separation, forming lean oxygen air. The lean oxygen air continues to enter the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 along the lean oxygen pipeline 24 as a cooling medium. The cooling capacity of the lean oxygen air can be used to cool the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5. After cooling the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5, the lean oxygen air can continue to enter the wet channel 11 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 to preliminarily cool the compressed air at the outlet of the compressor 8 in the dry channel 10, and finally be discharged.

[0054] It should be noted that the oxygen-deficient air entering the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 can be cooled in various ways. In the embodiments of the present invention, the oxygen-deficient air in the oxygen-deficient pipeline 24 is cooled to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 through heat exchange coils or direct contact purging.

[0055] The product water pipeline 27 is sequentially connected to the product water outlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5, the product water shut-off valve 28, and the wet passage 11 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9. The product of combustion in the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 is water, which needs to be output through the product water pipeline 27. The product water shut-off valve 28 is used to control the opening and closing of the product water pipeline 27. When the product water shut-off valve 28 is open, the water produced by the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 can be delivered to the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9, where it undergoes heat and mass exchange with the oxygen-deficient air also input into the wet passage 11, thereby producing a cooling effect and providing cooling capacity to the compressed air.

[0056] In addition, to improve the thermal insulation performance of the entire system, the external parts of the above-mentioned liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, hydrogen pipeline 1, air pipeline 6, and oxygen-deficient pipeline 24 are all equipped with thermal insulation materials to prevent heat leakage.

[0057] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method based on... Figure 1 The control method for the liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system shown includes steps S1 to S5. It should be noted that the following steps assume that all valves are closed and all devices are in a stopped state.

[0058] S1. Open the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3. Liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 through the hydrogen pipeline 1. After absorbing the air heat from the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4, it completes vaporization and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5.

[0059] S2. Open the air shut-off valve 7, the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve 17, the oxygen-lean inlet shut-off valve 25, and the oxygen-lean outlet shut-off valve 26. Start the compressor 8 and the second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18. The outside air is first pressurized and heated by the compressor 8, and then enters the dry channel 10 of the dew point indirect evaporator cooler 9 for the first cooling. Afterwards, it enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 4 to absorb the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and complete the deep cooling.

[0060] S3. According to Curie's law, after the aforementioned two cooling cycles, the volume magnetic susceptibility of oxygen molecules in the air increases significantly, which is beneficial for efficient oxygen-nitrogen separation. After the two cooling cycles, the air is input into the inlet of the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator 12. Under the action of the magnetic force of the array magnets 15 in the magnetic field zone 14 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone 13 will move towards the side of the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone 14 during the process of being transported to the outlet, gradually forming primary oxygen-rich air and entering the oxygen-rich pipeline 16 from the oxygen-rich outlet, while the remaining air enters the oxygen-lean pipeline 24 from the oxygen-lean outlet.

[0061] S4. The primary oxygen-enriched air entering the oxygen-enriched pipeline 16 passes through the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve 17 and enters the oxygen release channel 19 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. It absorbs the oxygen released by the high magnetic permeability metal mesh 21 to form oxygen-enriched air. Then it enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5, reacts with hydrogen to generate current and produce water. The product water enters the wet channel 11 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 9 through the product water pipeline 27.

[0062] Simultaneously, the air entering the oxygen-deficient pipeline 24 passes through the oxygen-deficient inlet shut-off valve 25 into the oxygen absorption channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. Under the action of the symmetrical magnet 23, a gradient magnetic field is generated on the surface of the high-permeability metal mesh 21 inside the oxygen absorption channel 20, further deeply adsorbing oxygen molecules in the remaining air. The high-permeability metal mesh 21 rotates to the oxygen release channel 19 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator under the action of the drive shaft 22 to release oxygen molecules. Due to the large surface area of ​​the high-permeability metal mesh 21 in contact with the air, the separation efficiency of the second oxygen-nitrogen separator 18 is significantly improved.

[0063] S5. The remaining air after passing through the oxygen intake channel 20 of the oxygen-nitrogen separator becomes lean oxygen. Since it has been cooled by liquid hydrogen, the temperature of lean oxygen is low. Therefore, it can continue to be fed into the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 5 through the lean oxygen pipeline 24 to cool the battery body by purging or coil heat exchange. Then, it enters the wet channel 11 of the dew point indirect evaporator cooler 9 through the lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve 26, where it exchanges heat and mass with the water from the product water pipeline 27 and releases cold energy. Finally, it is vented.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system, characterized in that, It includes a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4), a dew point indirect evaporator cooler (9), a first oxygen-nitrogen separator (12), a hydrogen pipeline (1), an air pipeline (6), an oxygen-enriched pipeline (16), an oxygen-lean pipeline (24), and a product water pipeline (27); The liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4) is divided into a first channel and a second channel that form the heat exchange contact. The interior of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9) is divided into a dry channel (10) and a wet channel (11) that form the heat exchange contact. The first oxygen-nitrogen separator (12) is divided into a non-connected oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) and an oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone (14). An array magnet (15) is installed in the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone (14). The array magnet (15) is set on one side along the gas flow direction in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13). The oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) is divided into an oxygen-rich outlet near the array magnet (15) and an oxygen-lean outlet away from the array magnet (15) at the outlet position. The array magnet (15) will generate a gradient magnetic field in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) to perform the first pre-separation of the air from the air pipeline (6). The oxygen-rich air after pre-separation is output from the oxygen-rich outlet, and the oxygen-lean air after pre-separation is output from the oxygen-lean outlet. The second oxygen-nitrogen separator (18) adopts a rotary adsorption device. A high magnetic permeability metal mesh (21) is set on the internal rotary wheel as an oxygen molecule adsorption component. The interior of the second oxygen-nitrogen separator (18) is divided into an oxygen release channel (19) and an oxygen absorption channel (20). Symmetrical magnets (23) are set on both sides of the rotary wheel of the oxygen absorption channel (20) to form a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the high magnetic permeability metal mesh (21) in the oxygen absorption channel (20). The high magnetic permeability metal mesh (21) is driven to rotate around the drive shaft (22) of the rotary wheel. Under the action of the gradient magnetic field, it adsorbs oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen absorption channel (20) and carries them to the oxygen release channel (19) for release. The hydrogen pipeline (1) is connected in sequence to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3), the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4) and the liquid hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5), and is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and transport it to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5) when the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3) is opened. The air pipeline (6) is connected in sequence to the air shut-off valve (7), the compressor (8), the dry channel (10) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9), the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4), and the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator (12). It is used to deliver the outside air to the first oxygen-nitrogen separator (12) for oxygen-nitrogen pre-separation after the outside air has been cooled by the two stages of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9) and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4) when the air shut-off valve (7) and the compressor (8) are open. The oxygen-enriched pipeline (16) is connected in sequence to the oxygen-enriched outlet, the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve (17), the oxygen release channel (19) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, and the air inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5), so as to transport the pre-separated oxygen-enriched air to the fuel cell (5). The oxygen-deficient pipeline (24) is connected in sequence to the oxygen-deficient outlet, the oxygen-deficient inlet shut-off valve (25), the oxygen intake channel (20) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5), the oxygen-deficient outlet shut-off valve (26), and the wet channel (11) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9). It is used to perform oxygen-nitrogen separation on the air at the oxygen-deficient outlet again and to use the oxygen-deficient air to cool the compressed air at the outlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5) and the compressor (8). The product water pipeline (27) is connected in sequence to the product water outlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5), the product water shut-off valve (28), and the wet channel (11) of the dew point indirect evaporator (9), and is used to transport the water generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5) to the dew point indirect evaporator (9) and exchange heat and mass with the oxygen-deficient air to produce a cooling effect.

2. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) is supplied by self-pressurization or pumping.

3. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high permeability metal mesh (21) is made of silicon steel sheets or pure iron.

4. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The array magnet (15) is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

5. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The symmetrical magnet (23) is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

6. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) has horizontally arranged baffles that separate into an oxygen-rich outlet and an oxygen-lean outlet. The oxygen-rich outlet and the oxygen-lean outlet have the same size, and the baffles are designed with a streamlined shape to reduce disturbance.

7. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The symmetrical magnet (23) extends into the oxygen release channel (19) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator to regulate the release position of oxygen adsorbed by the high permeability metal mesh (21).

8. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4), hydrogen pipeline (1), air pipeline (6), and oxygen-deficient pipeline (24) are all externally insulated.

9. The liquid hydrogen aircraft storage and supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen-deficient air in the oxygen-deficient pipeline (24) is cooled to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5) by means of heat exchange coil or direct contact purging.

10. An aircraft utilizing liquid hydrogen as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 The control method for a storage and supply system is characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Open the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3). Liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4) through the hydrogen pipeline (1). After absorbing the air heat from the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4), it completes vaporization and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5). S2. Open the air shut-off valve (7), oxygen-rich shut-off valve (17), oxygen-lean inlet shut-off valve (25), and oxygen-lean outlet shut-off valve (26), start the compressor (8) and the second oxygen-nitrogen separator (18). The outside air first passes through the compressor (8) to be pressurized and heated, and then enters the dry channel (10) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9) for the first cooling. Then it enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (4) to absorb the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and complete the deep cooling. S3. After being cooled twice, the air is input into the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) of the first oxygen-nitrogen separator (12). Under the action of the magnetic force of the array magnet (15) in the magnetic field zone (14) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator, the oxygen molecules in the air in the oxygen-nitrogen separation gaseous zone (13) will move towards the side of the oxygen-nitrogen separator magnetic field zone (14) during the process of being transported to the outlet, gradually forming primary oxygen-rich air and entering the oxygen-rich pipeline (16) from the oxygen-rich outlet, while the remaining air enters the oxygen-deficient pipeline (24) from the oxygen-deficient outlet. S4. The primary oxygen-enriched air entering the oxygen-enriched pipeline (16) passes through the oxygen-enriched shut-off valve (17) and enters the oxygen release channel (19) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator. It absorbs the oxygen released by the high magnetic permeability metal mesh (21) to form oxygen-enriched air. Then it enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5), reacts with hydrogen to generate current and produce water. The product water enters the wet channel (11) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (9) through the product water pipeline (27). Meanwhile, the air entering the oxygen-deficient pipeline (24) enters the oxygen absorption channel (20) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator through the oxygen-deficient inlet shut-off valve (25). Under the action of the symmetrical magnet (23), the surface of the high permeability metal mesh (21) inside the oxygen absorption channel (20) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator will generate a gradient magnetic field, which will further deeply adsorb the oxygen molecules in the remaining air. Under the action of the drive shaft (22), the high permeability metal mesh (21) rotates to the oxygen release channel (19) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator to release oxygen molecules. S5. The remaining air after passing through the oxygen intake channel (20) of the oxygen-nitrogen separator becomes lean oxygen and continues to be fed into the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (5) through the lean oxygen pipeline (24) to cool the battery body by purging or coil heat exchange. Then, it enters the wet channel (11) of the dew point indirect evaporator (9) through the lean oxygen outlet shut-off valve (26) to exchange heat and mass with the water from the product water pipeline (27) and release cold energy. Finally, it is vented.

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