Method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes using a leftanilide

Abstract

The present application provides a method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes. A compound represented by formula (I), or an N-oxide thereof or a salt thereof can be used for the control of harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes. In formula (I), R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 2 and R 3 each represent a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 together represent an oxo group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority and benefits based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-031870, filed on March 1, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This invention relates to a method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes using zoanthamine. Background Technology

[0003] To date, various compounds have been studied for the purpose of controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes (see, for example, Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0004] On the other hand, Non-Patent Literature 2 describes that norzolamamine inhibits the growth of P388 mouse leukemia cells. Non-Patent Literature 3 describes that levamsarmine and its salts inhibit osteoblasts from producing IL-6, and also inhibit the reduction of bone mass and bone strength caused by osteoporosis.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Non-patent literature

[0007] Non-patent literature 1: The Pesticide Manual-17 th edition (BCPC publication) ISBN 978-1-901396-88-1

[0008] Non-patent literature 2: Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.

[0009] Non-patent literature 3: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1998, 71, 771-779. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0011] The subject of this invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes.

[0012] Methods for solving problems

[0013] The present invention is described below.

[0014] [1] A method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, wherein an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I), or its N oxide or salt thereof (hereinafter, the compound represented by formula (I), or its N oxide or salt thereof, is referred to as the compound) is applied to the habitat of the harmful arthropod or harmful nematode, or the habitat of the harmful arthropod or harmful nematode.

[0015] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0016]

[0017] In the formula,

[0018] R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

[0019] R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

[0020] [2] As described in [1], wherein, in formula (I), R 2 and R 3 Each is a hydrogen atom.

[0021] [3] A composition for the control of harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, comprising a compound represented by formula (I), or its N oxide or a salt thereof.

[0022] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0023]

[0024] In the formula,

[0025] R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

[0026] R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

[0027] [4] The composition as described in [3] further contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of group (a), group (b), group (c), group (d), and group (e):

[0028] Group (a): A group consisting of insecticidal active ingredients, acaricidal active ingredients, and nematode-killing active ingredients;

[0029] Group (b): Bactericidal active ingredient;

[0030] Group (c): Plant growth regulators;

[0031] Group (d): Repellent component;

[0032] Group (e): Biological control materials.

[0033] [5] A method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, wherein an effective amount of the composition described in [4] is applied to the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, or to the habitat of the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes.

[0034] [6] A seed or vegetative reproductive organ that retains an effective amount of the compound represented by formula (I), or its N oxide or a salt thereof, or an effective amount of the composition described in [4].

[0035] [Chemical Formula 3]

[0036]

[0037] In the formula,

[0038] R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

[0039] R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

[0040] [7] A composition for the control of harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, comprising a compound represented by formula (I), or its N oxide or a salt thereof, and an inactive carrier.

[0041] [Chemical Formula 4]

[0042]

[0043] In the formula,

[0044] R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

[0045] R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

[0046] Invention Effects

[0047] This invention enables the prevention and control of harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes. Detailed Implementation

[0048] In this specification, Me represents methyl.

[0049] This compound contains stereoisomers. This compound includes all stereoisomers and mixtures of stereoisomers in any ratio.

[0050] Salts of compounds represented by formula (I) are acid addition salts. Examples of acids that form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Examples of salts of compounds represented by formula (I) include compounds represented by the following formula.

[0051] [Chemical Formula 5]

[0052]

[0053] [In the formula, X] - This indicates anion formed by the loss of a proton from an acid; other symbols have the same meaning as described above.

[0054] Examples of compounds that can be used as a means of producing this compound include the following compounds.

[0055] [Manner 1] The compound or its salt represented by formula (I).

[0056] [Method 2] R in this compound 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms.

[0057] [Method 3] In the compound represented by formula (I), R 2 and R 3 Compounds or their salts consisting of hydrogen atoms.

[0058] [Manner 4] The compound represented by formula (II), or its N oxide or salt thereof,

[0059] [Chemical Formula 6]

[0060]

[0061] [In the formula, the symbols represent the same meaning as described above.]

[0062] [Manner 5] The compound or its salt represented by formula (II).

[0063] [Method 6] R in Method 4 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms.

[0064] [Method 7] In the compound represented by formula (II), R 2 and R 3 Compounds or their salts consisting of hydrogen atoms.

[0065] Examples of compounds that can be cited as examples of this compound include the following compounds.

[0066] In the compound represented by formula (II), R 1 R 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms (hereinafter referred to as Compound 1 or norlevosamine).

[0067] In the compound represented by formula (II), R 1 Methyl, R 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms (hereinafter referred to as Compound 2 or Levosamine).

[0068] In the compound represented by formula (II), R 1 For hydrogen atoms, R 2 and R 3 Compounds that together represent an oxo group (hereinafter referred to as Compound 3 or norzoanthaminone).

[0069] In the compound represented by formula (II), R 1 Methyl, R 2 and R 3 Compounds that together represent an oxo group (hereinafter referred to as Compound 4 or zoanthaminone).

[0070] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 5).

[0071] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 6).

[0072] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 7).

[0073] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 8).

[0074] The acetate of this compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 9).

[0075] The acetate of this compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 10).

[0076] The acetate of this compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 11).

[0077] The acetate of compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as compound 12).

[0078] The sulfate of this compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 13).

[0079] The sulfate of this compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 14).

[0080] The sulfate of this compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 15).

[0081] The sulfate of this compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 16).

[0082] The N oxide of this compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 17).

[0083] The N oxide of this compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 18).

[0084] The N oxide of this compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 19).

[0085] The N oxide of this compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 20).

[0086] In the compound represented by formula (I), R 1 R 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms (hereinafter referred to as Compound 21).

[0087] In the compound represented by formula (I), R 1 Methyl, R 2 and R 3 Compounds consisting of hydrogen atoms (hereinafter referred to as Compound 22).

[0088] In the compound represented by formula (I), R 1 For hydrogen atoms, R 2 and R 3 Compounds that together represent oxo groups (hereinafter referred to as Compound 23).

[0089] In the compound represented by formula (I), R 1 Methyl, R 2 and R 3 Compounds that together represent oxo groups (hereinafter referred to as Compound 24).

[0090] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 25).

[0091] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 26).

[0092] The hydrochloride salt of this compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 27).

[0093] The hydrochloride salt of compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as compound 28).

[0094] The acetate of compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as compound 29).

[0095] The acetate of compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as compound 30).

[0096] The acetate of compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as compound 31).

[0097] The acetate of compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as compound 32).

[0098] The sulfate of this compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 33).

[0099] The sulfate of compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as compound 34).

[0100] The sulfate of compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as compound 35).

[0101] The sulfate of compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as compound 36).

[0102] The N oxide of this compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 37).

[0103] The N oxide of this compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 38).

[0104] The N oxide of this compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 39).

[0105] The N oxide of this compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as this compound 40).

[0106] Next, the method for manufacturing this compound will be described.

[0107] Manufacturing Method 1

[0108] The compound represented by formula (IV) (hereinafter referred to as compound (IV)) can be produced by reacting the compound represented by formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as compound (III)) with an oxidizing agent.

[0109] [Chemical Formula 7]

[0110]

[0111] [In the formula, the symbols have the same meaning as described above.]

[0112] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent. Examples of solvents include, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; nitriles such as acetonitrile; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; acetic acid; water; and mixtures of two or more of them.

[0113] Examples of oxidizing agents include, for instance, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.

[0114] In the reaction, the oxidant is usually used in a ratio of 1 to 3 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (III).

[0115] The reaction temperature is typically in the range of -10 to 50°C. The reaction time is typically in the range of 0.1 to 12 hours.

[0116] After the reaction is complete, water is added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture is extracted with an organic solvent. The organic layer is washed with an aqueous solution of a reducing agent (e.g., sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate) and an aqueous solution of an alkali (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), as needed. By drying and concentrating the organic layer, compound (IV) can be obtained.

[0117] Compound (III) can be manufactured, for example, according to the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589 and Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2007, 79, 651-665. Additionally, norzoanthaminone, zoanthaminone, norzoanthaminone, and zoanthaminone can also be manufactured, for example, using the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589 and Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.

[0118] Manufacturing Method 2

[0119] Salts of this compound can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1998, 71, 771., Chemistry-An Asian Journal, 2011, 6, 922-931., and Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2007, 79, 651-665.

[0120] This compound may be used in combination with one or more components (hereinafter referred to as "this component") selected from the group consisting of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) below.

[0121] The aforementioned combination or use refers to the simultaneous, separate, or time-separated use of this compound and this ingredient.

[0122] When this compound and this ingredient are used together, the compound and this ingredient may be contained in separate formulations or in one formulation.

[0123] One aspect of the present invention is a composition comprising one or more ingredients selected from groups (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e), and the present compound (hereinafter referred to as composition A).

[0124] Group (a) comprises acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., carbamate insecticides, organophosphate insecticides), GABA-gated chloride channel blockers (e.g., phenylpyrazole insecticides), sodium channel modulators (e.g., pyrethroid insecticides), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators (e.g., neonicotinoid insecticides), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, glutamate-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators (e.g., macrolide insecticides), juvenile hormones, multisite inhibitors, string organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors, and insect midguts derived from microorganisms. The group comprises endometrial disruptors, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agents, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (e.g., nereistoxin-based insecticides), chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone inhibitors, ecdysone receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial complex I, II, III, and IV electron transport inhibitors, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, ranotin receptor modulators (e.g., diamide-based insecticides), string organ modulators, and other insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematode-based active ingredients. These ingredients are described according to their IRAC-based mechanisms of action.

[0125] Group (b) comprises nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (e.g., phenylamide fungicides, acyl amino acid fungicides), cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors (e.g., MBC fungicides), respiration inhibitors (e.g., QoI fungicides, QiI fungicides), amino acid and protein synthesis inhibitors (e.g., phenylamine pyrimidine fungicides), signal transduction inhibitors, lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., DMI fungicides such as triazoles), cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin synthesis inhibitors, plant defense inducers, multi-point contact fungicides, and other fungicidal active ingredients. These ingredients are described according to the FRAC-based mechanism of action classification.

[0126] Group (c) is the group of plant growth regulators.

[0127] Group (d) is the group containing the repellent component.

[0128] Group (e) is a group comprising biocontrol materials including bacteria, fungi, yeast, protozoa, viruses, biological products, plants and plant extracts.

[0129] The following are examples of combinations of this ingredient and this compound. For example, alanycarb+SX refers to the combination of alanycarb and SX.

[0130] It should be noted that the abbreviation SX refers to any one of compounds selected from compounds 1 to 40. Furthermore, all the ingredients described below are known ingredients and can be obtained from commercially available formulations or manufactured using known methods. In the case of microorganisms, these ingredients can also be obtained from microbial collections. It should be noted that the numbers in parentheses represent the CAS RN (registered trademark).

[0131] The combination of this component of group (a) above with this compound:

[0132] Abamectin + SX, acephate + SX, acequinocyl + SX, acetamiprid + SX, acetoprole + SX, acridine lactate + SX, acynonapyr + SX, afidopyropen + SX, afoxolaner + SX, alanycarb + SX, aldicarb + SX, allethrin + SX, alpha-cypermethrin + SX, alpha-endosulfan + SX, aluminum phosphide Phosphide + SX, Amitraz + SX, Azadirachtin + SX, Azamethiphos + SX, Azinphos-ethyl + SX, Azinphos-methyl + SX, Azocyclotin + SX, Bendiocal + SX, Benfluthrin + SX, Benfuracarb + SX, Bensultap + SX, Acaricide Benzyl benzoximate + SX, benzpyrimoxan + SX, beta-cyfluthrin + SX, beta-cypermethrin + SX, bifenazate + SX, bifenthrin + SX, bioallethrin + SX, bioresmethrin + SX, bistrifluron + SX, borax + SX, boric acid acid) + SX, broflanilide + SX, bromopropylate + SX, buprofezin + SX, butocarboxim + SX, butoxycarboxim + SX, cadusafos + SX, calcium phosphide + SX, carbaryl + SX, carbofuran + SX, carbosulfan + SX,Cartap hydrochloride + SX, Cartap + SX, Chinomethionat + SX, Chlorantraniliprole + SX, Chlordane + SX, Chlorethoxyfos + SX, Chlorfenapyr + SX, Chlorfenvinphos + SX, Chlorfluazuron + SX, Chlormephos + SX, Chlorpicrin + SX, Chlorpyrifos yrifos)+SX, chlorpyrifos-methyl+SX, chromafenozide+SX, clofentezine+SX, clothianidin+SX, coumaphos+SX, cryolite+SX, cyanophos+SX, cyantraniliprole+SX, cyclaniliprole+SX, cyclobutrifluram+SX, cypermethrin The following compounds are listed: oprothrin + SX, cycloxaprid + SX, cyenopyrafen + SX, cyetpyrafen + SX, cyflumetofen + SX, cyfluthrin + SX, cyhalodiamide + SX, cyhalothrin + SX, cyhexatin + SX, cypermethrin + SX, cyphenothrin + SX, and cyproflanilide. )+SX, Cyromazine+SX, Dazomet+SX, Deltamethrin+SX, Demeton-S-methyl+SX, Diafenthiuron+SX, Diazinon+SX, Dichlorvos+SX, Diclomethoate+SX, Dicofluroxyfen+SX, Dicofluroxyfen+SX, Dicofluroxyfen+SX, Diflubenzuron+SXDimefluthrin + SX, dimethoate + SX, dimethylvinphos + SX, dimpropyridaz + SX, dinotefuran + SX, disodium octaborate + SX, disulfoton + SX, DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol + SX), doramectin + SX, emamectin-benzoate + SX, empenthrin + SX, endosulfan + SX, EPN (O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl)phenyl thiophosphonate, O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl)phenylphosphonothioate + SX, epsilon-metofluthrin + SX, epsilon-momfluorothrin + SX, esfenvalerate + SX, ethiofencarb + SX, ethion + SX, etiprole + SX, ethoprophos + SX, etofenprox + SX, etoxazole + SX, famphur + SX, fenamiphos + SX, fenazaquin + SX, fenbutatin oxide) + SX, fenitrothion + SX, fenmezoditiaz + SX, fenobucarb + SX, fenoxycarb + SX, fenpropathrin + SX, fenpyroximate + SX, fenthion + SX, fenvalerate + SX, fipronil + SX, fometoquin + SX, flonicamid + SX, fluacrypyrim + SX, fluazaindolizine + SX, fluazuron + SX, flubendiamide + SX, fluchlordiniliprole + SX, flucycloxuron + SXFlucythrinate + SX, fluensulfone + SX, flufenoprox + SX, flufenoxuron + SX, flufiprole + SX, flumethrin + SX, flupentiofenox + SX, flupyradifurone + SX, flupyrimin + SX, fluralaner + SX, fluvalinate + SX, fluxametamide + SX, formetanate + SX, fosthiazate + SX, furamethrin + SX, furathiocarb + SX, gamma-cyhalothrin + SX, GS-omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide (GS-omega / kappa) HXTX-Hv1apeptide)+SX, halfenprox+SX, halofenozide+SX, heptafluthrin+SX, heptenophos+SX, hexaflumuron+SX, hexythiazox+SX, potassium salt of hopbeta acid+SX, hydramethylnon+SX, hydroprene+SX, imicafos+SX, imidacloprid+SX, imidaclothiz+SX, imiprothrin+SX, indazapyroxamet+SX, indoxacarb+SX, isocycloseram+SX, isofenphos+SX, isoprocarb (i soprocarb + SX, isopropyl-O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate + SX, isoxathion + SX, ivermectin + SX, kadethrin + SX, kappa-tefluthrin + SX, kappa-bifenthrin + SXKinoprene + SX, lambda-cyhalothrin + SX, lenoremycin + SX, lepimectin + SX, lime sulfur + SX, lotilaner + SX, lufenuron + SX, machine oil oil)+SX, malathion+SX, mecarbam+SX, meperfluthrin+SX, metaflumizone+SX, metam+SX, methamidophos+SX, methidathion+SX, methiocarb+SX, metomyl+SX, methoprene+SX, methoxychlor+SX, methoxyfenozide+SX, methyl bromide+SX, metofluthrin+SX, metolcarb+SX, metoxadiazone+SX, mevinphos+SX, milbemectin+SX, milbemycin oxime + SX, momfluorothrin + SX, monocotophos + SX, moxidectin + SX, naled + SX, nicofluprole + SX, nicotine + SX, nicotine-sulfate + SX, nitenpyram + SX, novaluron + SX, noviflumuron + SX, omethoate + SX, oxime amyl)+SX, oxazosulfyl+SX, oxydemeton-methyl+SX, parathion+SX, parathion-methyl+SX, permethrin+SX, phenothrin+SX, phenthoate+SX, phorate+SX, phosalone+SX, phosmet+SX, phosphamidon+SXPhosphine + SX, phoxim + SX, pirimicarb + SX, pirimiphos-methyl + SX, prallethrin + SX, profenofos + SX, profluthrin + SX, propargite + SX, propetamphos + SX, propoxur + SX, propylene glycol alginate alginate + SX, prothiofos + SX, pyflubumide + SX, pymetrozine + SX, piraclofos + SX, pyrethrins + SX, pyridaben + SX, pyridalyl + SX, pyridaphenthion + SX, pyrifluquinazone + SX, pyrimidifen + SX, pyrimidifen Pyriminostrobin + SX, pyriprole + SX, pyriproxyfen + SX, quinalphos + SX, resmethrin + SX, rotenone + SX, sarolaner + SX, selamectin + SX, sigma-cypermethrin + SX, silafluofen + SX, sodium borate Sodium metaborate + SX, spidoxamat + SX, spintoram + SX, spinosad + SX, spirodiclofen + SX, spiromesifen + SX, spiropidion + SX, spirotetramat + SX, sulfluramid + SX, sulfotep + SX, sulfoxaflor + SX, sulfur + SX, sulfurylfluoride + SX, tartar emetic + SX, tau-fluvalinate + SX, tebufenozide + SXPyridabenpyrad + SX, tebupirimfos + SX, teflubenzuron + SX, tefluthrin + SX, temephos + SX, terbufos + SX, tetrachlorantraniliprole + SX, tetrachlorvinphos + SX, tetradifon + SX, tetramethrin + SX, tetramethylfluthrin + SX, tetraliprole + SX, theta-cypermethrin + SX, thiacloprid + SX, thiamethoxam + SX, thiocyclam + SX, thiodicarb + SX, thiofano x)+SX, thiometon+SX, thiosultap-disodium+SX, thiosultap-monosodium+SX, tioxazafen+SX, tolfenpyrad+SX, tralomethrin+SX, transfluthrin+SX, triazamate+SX, triazophos+SX, trichlorfon+SX, trifluenfuronate+SX, triflumezopyrim+SX, triflumuron+SX, trimethacarb+SX, tyclopyrazoflor+SX, vamidothion+SX, XMC (N-methylcarbamate, 3,5-dimethylphenyl ester). N-methylcarbamate)+SX, xylylcarb+SX, zeta-cypermethrin+SX, zinc phosphide+SX, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothioheterobutane-3-yl)benzamide (1241050-20-3)+SX,3-Methoxy-N-(5-{5-(trifluoromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}indan-1-yl)propionamide (1118626-57-5)+SX, 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1445683-71-5)+SX, (2Z)-2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(R)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) (2377084-09-6)+SX、N-{4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-4-(methanesulfonyl)-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1400768-21-9)+SX、3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (1031385-91-7)+SX、N-[3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-2-(methanesulfonyl)propionamide (2396747-83-2)+SX、 1,4-Dimethyl-2-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione (2171099-09-3)+SX, 2-isopropyl-5-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2058052-95-0)+SX, N-({2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropaneformamide+SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methylthioalkyl)-2-methylpropane-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4- -Formamide +SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methanesulfonyl)-2-methylpropane-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide +SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methanesulfonyl)-2-methylpropane-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide +SX, 2,9-dihydro-9-(methoxymethyl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-10H-pyrazolo[3,4-f]pyridolo[2,3-b][1,4]oxazapyro-10-one (2607927-97-7) +SX,

[0133] The combination of this component of group (b) above with this compound:

[0134] Acibenzolar-S-methyl + SX, Aldimorph + SX, Ametoctradin + SX, Aminopyrifen + SX, Amisulbrom + SX, Anilazine + SX, Azaconazole + SX, Azoxystrobin + SX, Basic copper sulfate sulfate) + SX, benalaxyl + SX, benalaxyl-M + SX, benodanil + SX, benomyl + SX, benthiavalicarb + SX, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl + SX, benzovindiflupyr + SX, binapacryl + SX, biphenyl + SX, bitertanol + SX, bixafen + SX, blasticidin-S + SX, Bordeaux mixture mixture)+SX, boscalid+SX, bromothalonil+SX, bromuconazole+SX, bupirimate+SX, captafol+SX, captan+SX, carbendazim+SX, carboxin+SX, carpropamid+SX, chinomethionat+SX, chloroinconazide+SX, chloroneb+SX, chlorothalonil+SX, chlozolinate+SX, copper(II)acetate+SX, copper(II)hydroxide+SX, basic copper chloride oxychloride) + SX, copper(II) sulfate) + SX, coumoxystrobin + SX, cyazofamid + SX, cyflufenamid + SX, cymoxanil + SX,Cyproconazole + SX, Cyprodinil + SX, Dichlobentiazox + SX, Dichlofluanid + SX, Diclomezine + SX, Dicloran + SX, Dietofencarb + SX, Difenoconazole + SX, Diflumetorim + SX, Dimethachlone + SX, Dimethirimol + SX, Dimethomorph + SX, Dimoxystrobin + SX, Diniconazole + SX, Diniconazole-M + SX, Dinocap + SX, Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Hydrogenphosphite + SX, Dipymetitrone + SX, Dithianon + SX, Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid bisethylenediamine copper(II) salt + SX, Dodemorph + SX, Dodine + SX, Edifenphos + SX, Enoxastrobin + SX, Epixaconazole + SX, Etaconazole + SX, Ethaboxam + SX, Ethirimol + SX, Etridiazole + SX, Famoxadone + SX, Fenamidone + SX, Enoxiconazole + SX, Dipymetitrone + SX, Dithianon + SX, Dipymetitrone ... Fenaminstrobin + SX, fenarimol + SX, fenbuconazole + SX, fenfuram + SX, fenhexamid + SX, fenoxanil + SX, fenpiclonil + SX, fenpicoxamid + SX, fenpropidin + SX, fenpropimorph + SX, fenpyrazamine + SX, fentin acetate + SXTriphenyltin chloride (fentin chloride) + SX, triphenyltin hydroxide (fentin hydroxide) + SX, ferbam + SX, ferimzone + SX, florylpicoxamid + SX, fluazinam + SX, flubeneteram + SX, fludioxonil + SX, flufenoxadiazam + SX, flufenoxystrobin + SX, fluindapyr + SX, flumetylsulforim + SX, flumorph + SX, fluopyram ( Fluopicolide + SX, Fluopyram + SX, Fluopimomide + SX, Fluosimide + SX, Fluoxapiprolin + SX, Fluoxastrobin + SX, Fluoxytioconazole + SX, Fluquinconazole + SX, Flusilazole + SX, Flusulfamide + SX, Flutianil + SX, Fluto lanil)+SX, flutriafol+SX, fluxapyroxad+SX, folpet+SX, fosetyl+SX, fosetyl-aluminium+SX, furidazole+SX, furalaxyl+SX, furametpyr+SX, guazatine+SX, hexaconazole+SX, hymexazole+SX, imazalil (im) azalil + SX, imibenconazole + SX, iminoctadine + SX, iminoctadine triacetate + SX, inpyrfluxam + SX, iodocarb + SX, ipconazole + SX, ipfentrifluconazole + SX, ipflufenoquin + SX, iprobenfos + SX, iprodione + SXIprovalicarb + SX, isofetamid + SX, isoflucypram + SX, isoprothiolane + SX, isopyrazam + SX, isofaminil + SX, kasugamycin + SX, kresoxim-methyl + SX, laminarin + SX, mancozeb + SX, mandestrobin + SX, mandipropamid + SX, maneb + ​​SX, mefentrifluconazole + SX, mepanipyrim + SX, mepronil + SX, meptyldinocap + SX, metalaxyl )+SX, metalaxyl-M+SX, metarylpicoxamid+SX, metconazole+SX, methasulfocarb+SX, metiram+SX, metominostrobin+SX, metrafenone+SX, metyltetraprole+SX, myclobutanil+SX, naftifine+SX, nuarimol+SX, octhilinone+SX, ofuronamide+SX, orysastrobin+SX, oxadixyl+SX, oxathiapiprolin+SX, oxine-copper+SX, oxolinic The following are drug combinations: oxpoconazole + SX, oxpoconazole fumarate + SX, oxycarboxin + SX, oxytetracycline + SX, pefurazoate + SX, penconazole + SX, pencycuron + SX, penflufen + SX, penthiophanate + SX, phenamacril + SX, phosphorous acid + SX, and phthalide + SX.Picarbutrazox + SX, picoxystrobin + SX, piperalin + SX, polyoxins + SX, potassium bicarbonate + SX, potassium dihydrogen phosphate The following are a list of aerosols used in a fungicide formulation: dihydrogenphosphite + SX, probenazole + SX, prochloraz + SX, procymidone + SX, propamidine + SX, propamocarb + SX, propiconazole + SX, propineb + ​​SX, proquinazid + SX, prothiocarb + SX, prothioconazole + SX, pydiflumetofen + SX, pyraclostrobin + SX, pyrametostrobin + SX, and pyraoxystrobin + SX. pyrapropoyne+SX, pyraziflumid+SX, pyrazophos+SX, pyribencarb+SX, pyributicarb+SX, pyridachlometyl+SX, pyrifenox+SX, pyrimethanil+SX, pyrimorph+SX, pyriofenone+SX, pyrisoxazole+SX, pyroquilon+SX, quinconazole+SX, quinofumelin+SX, quinoxyfen+SX, quintozene+SX, saponins of Chenopodium quinoa), seboctylamine + SX, sedaxane + SX, silthiofam + SX, simeconazole + SX, sodium hydrogencarbonate + SX, spiroxamine + SX, streptomycin + SX, sulfur + SX,Tebuconazole + SX, tebufloquin + SX, teclofthalam + SX, tetrachloronitrobenzene + SX, terbinafine + SX, tetraconazole + SX, thiabendazole + SX, thifluzamide + SX, thiophanate + SX, thiophanate-methyl + SX, thiram + SX, thymol + SX Thiadinil + SX, tolclofos-methyl + SX, tolfenpyrad + SX, tolprocarb + SX, tolylfluanid + SX, triadimefon + SX, triadimenol + SX, triazoxide + SX, triclopyricarb + SX, tricyclazole + SX, tridemorph + SX, trifloxystrobin Trobin + SX, Triflumizole + SX, Triforine + SX, Triticonazole + SX, Validamycin + SX, Valifenalate + SX, Vinclozolin + SX, Zinc thiamethoxam + SX, Zineb + ​​SX, Ziram + SX, Zoxamide + SX, N'-[4-({3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl}oxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N- Methylformamidinium (1202781-91-6)+SX, N'-{4-[(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (929908-57-6)+SX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (1052688-31-9)+SX, N'-[5-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-2-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (2055589-28-9)+SX, N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (2055756-21-1)+SX,N'-(2-chloro-4-phenoxy-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (2062599-39-5)+SX, N'-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-methyl-5-methoxyphenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methylformamidinium (2101814-55-3)+SX, N'-[5-bromo-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium (1817828-69-5)+SX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5- Amine (1362477-26-6)+SX, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline (1257056-97-5)+SX, (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl acrylate ethyl ester (39491-78-6)+SX, N-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-N-ethyl-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1446247-98-8)+SX, 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1394057-11-4)+SX 、(1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-06-2)+SX、(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-07-3)+SX、2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1394057-13-6)+SX、(1 R,2S,5S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-08-4)+SX, (1S,2R,5R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-09-5)+SX, Methyl 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1791398-02-1)+SX,1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-86-0)+SX, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-84-8)+SX, 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazol-5-carboxynitrile (2018316-13-5)+SX, 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl) [2-[1-(4-methyl-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazol-5-carboxylonitrile (2018317-25-2)+SX, 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane-2-ol (2082661-43-4)+SX, 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane-2-ol (2082660-27-1)+SX, ({2-methyl-5-[1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)carbamate (160) 5879-98-8)+SX、2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1616239-21-4)+SX、2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-02-9)+SX、2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-propyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-05-2)+SX、(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole- 3-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpentan-3-enamide (1445331-27-0)+SX, (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpentan-3-enamide (1445331-54-3)+SX, 5-chloro-4-({2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-methylpyrimidine (1605340-92-8)+SX, N-(1-benzyl-1,3-dimethylbutyl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-04-9)+SX,N-(1-Benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methylpropyl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-00-5)+SX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)isoxazolin-3-one (2098918-25-1)+SX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)isoxazolin-3-one (2098918-26-2)+SX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide+SX, N,2-Dimethoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropaneformamide + SX, N-methoxy-N'-methyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N'-ethyl-N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N,N'-di ...cyclopropaneformamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropaneformamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropaneformamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl) -[3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)urea+SX, N-acetyl-2-(ethanesulfonyl)-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (2043675-28-9)+SX, N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine 3-(4-bromo-7-fluoroindole-1-yl)butane-2-yl ester+SX, N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine 3-(7-bromoindole-1-yl)butane-2-yl ester+SX, N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine 3-(7-bromoindole-1-yl)butane -2-yl ester +SX, N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine 3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)butane-2-yl ester +SX, N-{[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-alanine 3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)butane-2-yl ester +SX, N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine (1S)-1-[1-(naphthyl-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl ester +SX, N-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanine (1S)-1-[1-(naphthyl-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl ester +SX,N-{[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-alanine (1S)-1-[1-(naphthyl-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl ester +SX, N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide +SX, N-allyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)acetamide +SX, N-allyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide +SX, N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide +SX, N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl} Methylpropionamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({2-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propionamide + SX, N-({2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)butyramide + SX, N-methoxy-N-methyl-N '-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea+SX, N,N-diethyl-N'-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea+SX, N-methyl-N'-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea+SX, 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidine-2-one+SX, 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperidin-2-one+SX, 4-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperidin-2-one+SX, 2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)morpholin-3-one+SX, 3,3-dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperidin-2-one+SX, 2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1,2-oxazahexane-3-one+SX, 1-({3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)azacycloheptane-2-one+SX,4,4-Dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidone-2-one +SX, 5-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidone-2-one +SX, 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester +SX, N-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N-propyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N-methoxy-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N-methoxy-N-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N-methoxy-N-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide +SX, N,N-dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine +SX, N-methyl-4-[5- [(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + SX, methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propionate + SX, ethyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propionate + SX, methyl 2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propionate + SX, methyl 1-(2,3-dimethylpyridin-5-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro Isoquinoline + SX, 1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methylpyridin-5-yl]-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline + SX, 2,2-difluoro-N-[6-({[1-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzimidazol-2-yl]oxy}methyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-phenoxyacetamide + SX, 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazol-5-carboxynitrile + SX, 1-[(4-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxacyclopentan-2-yl]methoxy}phenyl)methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester + SX,1-[(4-{[(1Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]oxy}phenyl)methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester + SX.

[0135] The combination of this component of group (c) above with this compound:

[0136] 1-Methylcyclopropene + SX, 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione + SX, 1,3-diphenylurea + SX, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid + SX, IAA ((1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) + SX, IBA (4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butyric acid) + SX, MCPA (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid) 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid (MCPB) + SX, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) + SX, 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride + SX, 6-benzylaminopurine + SX, abscisic acid + SX, AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) + SX, anisiflupurin + SX, ancymidol + SX, butralin + SX, calcium carbonate + SX, calcium chloride + SX, calcium formate + SX, calcium peroxide + SX, lime sulfur mixture (calcium) Polysulfide + SX, calcium sulfate + SX, chlormequat chloride + SX, chlorpropham + SX, choline chloridechloride) + SX, cloprop + SX, cyanamide + SX, cyclanilide + SX, daminozide + SX, decan-1-ol + SX, dichlorprop + SX, dikegulac + SX, dimethipin + SX, diquat + SX, ethephon + SX, ethychlozate + SX, flumetralin + SX, flurprimidol + SX, forchlorfenuron + SX, formononetin + SX, Gibberellin A + SX, Gibberellin A3 + SX A3)+SX, inabenfide+SX, kinetin+SX, lipochitooligosaccharide SP104+SX, maleichydrazide+SX, mefluidide+SX, mepiquat-chloride+SX, oxidized glutathione+SX, paclobutrazol+SX, pendimethalin+SX, prohexadione-calcium+SX, prohydrojasmon+SX, pyraflufen-ethyl+SX, pyroglutamic acid+SX, sintofen+SX, sodium 1-naphthaleneacetate 1-Naphthaleneacetate + SX, sodium cyanate + SX, thidiazuron + SX, titanium apatiteapatite)+SX, triapenthenol+SX, tribufos+SX, trinexapac-ethyl+SX, uniconazole-P+SX, 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetamide+SX, [4-oxo-4-(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid+SX, 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester+SX, 3-[(6-chloro-4-phenylquinazolin-2-yl)amino]propane-1-ol+SX.

[0137] The combination of this component and this compound in group (d) above:

[0138] Anthraquinone + SX, DEET + SX, Icaridin + SX.

[0139] The combination of this component of group (e) above with this compound:

[0140] The following strains were tested: *Abbreviata caucasica* + SX, *Acuaria spp.* + SX, *Agamermis decaudata* + SX, *Agrobacterium radioobacter* strain K1026 + SX, *Agrobacterium radiobacters* strain K84 + SX, *Agrobacterium vitis* strain VAR03-1 + SX, *Allantonema spp.* + SX, *Alternaria destruens* strain 59 + SX, *Alternaria destruens* + SX, and *Ampelomyces quisqualis* strain AQ10. AQ10)+SX, Amphimermis spp.+SX, Arthrobotrys dactyloides+SX, Arthrobotrys superba+SX, Aschersonia aleyrodis+SX, Aspergillus flavus strain AF36+SX, Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL21882+SX, Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14940+SX, Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14941+SX, Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ZB-SK-5 ZB-SK-5)+SX, Azotobacter chroococcum strain H23+SX, Azotobacter chroocuccum+SX, Azotobacter vinelandii strain ATCC12837+SX, Azotobacter+SX, Bacillus acidophilusBacillus acidocaldarius + SX, Bacillus acidoterrestris + SX, Bacillus albolactis + SX, Bacillus alcalophilus + SX, Bacillus alvei + SX, Bacillus aminoglucosidicus + SX, Bacillus aminovorans + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838 (Aveo EZNematicide) + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AT332 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B3 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 D747)+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB101+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB102+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GB03+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 MBI600)+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate strain B246B246)+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727+SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum strain D747+SX, Bacillus amylolyticus+SX, Bacillus aneurinolyticus+SX, Bacillus agri+SX, Bacillus atrophaeus+SX, Bacillus atrophaeus strain Abi05+SX, Bacillus azotoformans+SX, Bacillus badius+SX, Bacillus cereus strain BP01+SX, Bacillus cereus CNCM Bacillus cereus CNCM strain I-1562 + SX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain AQ746 + SX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain CM-1 + SX, Bacillus circulans + SX, Bacillus coagulans strain TQ33 + SX, Bacillus fastidiosus + SX, Bacillus firmus strain GB-126 + SX, Bacillus firmus strain I-1582 + SX, Bacillus firmus strain NCIM2637 NCIM2637)+SX, Bacillus lacticola+SX, Bacillus lactimorbus+SX, Bacillus lactis+SX, Bacillus lautus+SX, Bacillus spp.Lentimorbus)+SX, Bacillus lentus+SX, Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001+SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain HB-2+SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain SB3086+SX, Bacillus maroccanus+SX, Bacillus medusa+SX, Bacillus megaterium strain YFM3.25+SX, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912+SX, Bacillus Bacillus metiens+SX, Bacillus mojavensis strain SR11+SX, Bacillus mycoides strain AQ726+SX, Bacillus mycoides isolate J+SX, Bacillus nematocida+SX, Bacillus nigrificans+SX, Bacillus nigrum+SX, Bacillus popilliae+SX, Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus+SX, Bacillus pumilus strain AQ717+SX, Bacillus pumilus strain BUF-33 BUF-33)+SX, Bacillus pumilus strain GB34+SX, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808+SX, Bacillus siamensis+SX, Bacillus simplex strain CGF2856+SX, Bacillus...The following strains of Bacillus subtilis were tested: Smithii + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ175 + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ177 + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ178 + SX, Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 serotype H5a5b + SX, Bacillus sphaericus strain ABTS1743 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain AFS032321 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + SX, and Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743. AQ743)+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain B246+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain C-3102+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain D747+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DB101+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DB102+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain FMCH002+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain FZB24+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 GB03)+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain HAI0404+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain IAB / BS03+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI600+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST30002 / AQ30002The following strains of Bacillus subtilis were tested: QST30002 / AQ30002+SX, QST30004 / AQ30004+SX, QST713+SX, QST714+SX, Bacillus subtilis var. Amyloliquefaciens+SX, Y1336+SX, and RTI477+SX. RTI477)+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain N5 NRRL B-50391+SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DSM17231+SX, Bacillus tequilensis strain NII-0943+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BD#32+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain CR-371+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain EX297512 EX297512)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain ABTS-1857+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain GC-91GC-91)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain NB200+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai serotype strain H-7+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain ABTS351+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain BMP123+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain CCT1306 strains CCT1306+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG2348+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG2371+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG7673+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG7841+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EVB113-19 EVB113-19)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain F810+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain HD-1)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain M-200The following strains are listed: M-200+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain NCIM2514+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain PB54+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain SA-11+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain SA-12+SX, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain VBTS-2546. VBTS-2546)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstakistrain Z-52, serotype H-3a,3b+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Morrisoni+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebriosis strain NB176+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebriosis strain SA-10+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Thuringiensis strain MPPL002 MPPL002)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis strain 24-91+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimusThe following strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were tested: * *Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus* + SX, *Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis* strain BMP144 + SX, *Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis* strain AM65-52 + SX, *Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 + SX, and *Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis* strain EG2215. EG2215)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain SA3A+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain SUM-6218+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain VCRC B17 serotype 11-14+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonicus strain buibui+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. aegypti+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis 7216+SX Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216)+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego strain M-7+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36+SX, Bacillusvelezensis+SX, Bacillus velezensis strain RTI301+SX, Bacillus velezensis strain FZB42+SX, bacteriophage of Clavibacter michiganesis+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ANT-03+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC74040+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain PPRI 5339+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain IMI389521 The following strains are listed: IMI389521+SX, Beauveria brongniartii+SX, Deladenus siridicola+SX, Bovienema spp.+SX, Breevibacillus brevis strain 2904+SX, Breevibacillus brevis strain SS86-3+SX, Breevibacillus brevis strain SS86-4+SX, Breevibacillus brevis strain SS86-5+SX, Breevibacillus laterosporus strain ATCC64+SX, and Breevibacillus laterosporus strain BPM3. BPM3)+SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain G4+SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NCIMB 4141941419)+SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1111+SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1645+SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1647+SX, Burkholderia cepacia type Wisconsin strain J82+SX, Burkholderia cepacia type Wisconsin strain M54+SX, Burkholderia cepacia+SX, Burkholderia gladii BA-7 strain BA-7)+SX, Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396+SX, Cameronia spp.+SX, Candidaoleophila strain O+SX, Candida saitoana+SX, Candida spp.+SX, Chaetomium cupreum+SX, Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta+SX, Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T+SX, Cladosporium cladosporioides strain H39+SX, Conidiobolus obscurus+SX, Coniothyrium minitans strain CGMCC8325 CGMCC8325)+SX, Coniothyrium minitans strain CON / M / 91-08+SX, Contortylenchus spp.+SX, CryptococcusThe following are listed: *Albidus* + SX, *Culicimermis* spp. + SX, *Dactyllela ellipsospora* + SX, *Dectylariathaumasia* + SX, *Delftia acidovorans* strain RAY209 + SX, *Dilophosphora alopecuri* + SX, *Diplotriaena* spp. + SX, *Empidomermis* spp. + SX, *Entomophthora virulenta* + SX, *Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora* strain CGE234M403 + SX, and *Filipjevimermis*. Leipsandra)+SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47+SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain RS-21+SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain RS-25+SX, Fusarium proliferatum+SX, Gastromermis spp.+SX, Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446+SX, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus+SX, Gongylonema spp.+SX, Ginopaeocilia pseudovipara+SX, Harpin protein) + SX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora + SX, Heterorhabditis baujardi + SX, Heterorhabditis heliothidis + SX, Heterorhabditis indica + SX, Heterorhabditis*Heterorhabditis megidis* + SX, *Heterorhabditis zealandica* + SX, *Hexamermis* spp. + SX, *Hirsutella minnesotensis* + SX, *Hirsutella rhossiliensis* + SX, *Hirsutella thompsonii* + SX, *Hydromermis* spp. + SX, *Isaria fumosorosea* + SX, *Isomermis* spp. + SX, *Lactobacillus acidophilus* + SX, *Lactobacillus brevis* + SX, *Lactobacillus plantarum* Plantarum + SX, Lactobacillus spp. + SX, Lagenidium giganteum + SX, Lecanicillium lecanii strain KV01 + SX, Lecanicillium lecanii conidia of strain DAOM198499 + SX, Lecanicillium lecaniiconidia of strain DAOM216596 + SX, Lecanicillium muscarium strain Ve6 + SX, Limnomermis spp. + SX, Lysobacterantibioticus strain 13-1 13-1)+SX, Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3+SX, Maupasina weissi+SX, Mermis nigrescens+SX, Mesomermis spp.+SX, Metarhizium anisopliaestrain F52+SX, Metarhizium anisopliaestrain locust variantAnisopliae var. acridum)+SX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5 / F52+SX, Metarhizium flavoviride+SX, Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRLY-30752+SX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea+SX, Monacrosporium phymatopagum+SX, Mucor hiemalis+SX, Muscodor albus strain 620+SX, Muscodor albus strain QST 20799+SX, Muscodor albus strain SA13 The following strains of *Nomuraea albus* (SA13) + SX were tested: *Muscodor roseus* strain A3-5 + SX, *Myrothecium verrucaria* strain AARC-0255 + SX, *Neomesomermis* spp. + SX, *Neoparasitylenchusrugulosi* + SX, *Nomuraea rileyi* strain CG128 + SX, *Nomuraea rileyi* strain GU87401 + SX, *Nomuraea rileyi* strain SA86101 + SX, and *Nomuraea rileyi* strain SR86151 + SX. strains SR86151+SX, Nomuraea rileyi strain VA9101+SX, Nosema locustae+SX, Octomyomermis spp.+SX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97+SX, Isaria rosenbergii strain 97The following strains were tested: * *fumosorosea Apopka* strain 97 + SX, *Paecilomyces lilacinus* strain 251 + SX, *Paecilomyces tenuipes* strain T1 + SX, *Paecilomyces variotii* strain Q-09 + SX, *Paenibacillus alvei* strain 2771 + SX, *Paenibacillus alvei* strain 46C3 + SX, *Paenibacillus alvei* strain III2E + SX, *Paenibacillus alvei* strain III3DT-1A + SX, and *Paenibacillus alvei* strain T36. T36)+SX, Paenibacillus macronesans+SX, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AC-1+SX, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain BS-0105+SX, Paenibacillus popilliae+SX, Pandora delphacis+SX, Pantoea agglomerans strain E325+SX, Pantoea agglomerans strain C9-1+SX, Parasitaphelenchus spp.+SX, Parasitorhabditis spp.)+SX, Parasitylenchus spp.+SX, Pasteuria nishizawae strain Pn1+SX, Pasteuria penetrans+SX, Pasteuria ramose+SX, Pasteuriausgae+SX, Pectobacterium carotenoidesPenicillium bilaiae strain ATCC22348 + SX, Penicillium citrinum strain VFI-51 + SX, Penicillium vermiculatum + SX, Perutilimermis culicis + SX, Pasteuria thornei + SX, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita + SX, Phlebiopsis giganteastrain strain VRA1992 + SX, Physaloptera spp. + SX, Phtophthorapalmivora + SX, Pichia anomala strain WRL-076 WRL-076)+SX, Pichia guilliermondii strain Z1+SX, Pichia guilliermondii strain Z8+SX, Pochonia chlamydosporia isolate strain PC10+SX, Pochonia chlamydosporia+SX, Protrellatus spp.+SX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PN1+SX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WS-1+SX, Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain TX-1+SX, Pseudomonas cepacia Wisconsin type J82 strain typeWisconsin strain J82)+SX, Pseudomonas cepaciatype Wisconsin strain M54+SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphisstrain 63-2863-28)+SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009+SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain MA342+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 1629RS+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain G7090+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover B strain XJ3 XJ3)+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover B strain XS18+SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover A strain LRS12+SX, Pseudomonas proradix+SX, Pseudomonas putida+SX, Pseudomonas reactans+SX, Pseudomonas resinovorans+SX, Pseudomonas rhodesiae strain HAI-0804+SX, Pseudomonas sp. strain CAB-02+SX, Pseudomonas syringae strain 742RS 742RS)+SX, Pseudomonas syringae strain MA-4+SX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22UL+SX, Pterygodermatitesspp.)+SX, Puccinia thlaspeos strainwoad+SX, Purpureocillium lilacinum+SX, Pythium oligandrum strain DV74+SX, Pythium oligandrum strain M1+SX, Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719+SX, Romanomermis spp.+SX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02+SX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain DDSF623+SX, Sclerotinia minor strain IMI34414 IMI34414)+SX, Serratia entomophila+SX, Serratia marcescens strain 35+SX, Serratia marcescens strain SRM+SX, Seuratumcadarachense+SX, Sphaerulariopsis spp.+SX, Spiruraguianensis+SX, Sporothrix insectorum+SX, Steinernema bibionis+SX, Steinernema carpocapsae+SX, Steinernema feltiae+SX, Steinernema glaseri)+SX, Steinernema kraussei+SX, Steinernema riobrave+SX, Steinernemascapterisci+SX, Steinernema scarabaei+SX, Steinernema siamkayai+SX, SteinernemaThailandse+SX, Steinernemaspp.+SX, Streptomyces peterseni+SX, Streptomyces acidiscabies strain RL-110T+SX, Streptomyces candidus strain Y21007-2+SX, Streptomyces colombiensis+SX, Streptomyces galbus strain QST6047+SX, Streptomyces goshikiensis+SX, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61+SX, Streptomyces lilacina+SX Streptomyces lavendulae + SX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US + SX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 + SX, Streptomyces microflavus strain AQ6121 + SX, Streptomyces prasinus + SX, Streptomyces rimosus + SX, Streptomyces cessaraceticus + SX, Streptomyces sp. strain NRRL No. B-30145 + SX, Streptomyces sp. strain WYE20 WYE20)+SX, Streptomyces sp. strain WYE324+SX, Streptomyces venezuelae+SX, Subulura spp.+SX, Sulphuretylenchus elongatus+SX, Talaromyces flavus strain SAY-Y-94-01SAY-Y-94-01)+SX, *Talaromyces flavus* strain V117b+SX, *Tetrameres* spp.+SX, *Thelohania solenopsis*+SX, *Thiobacillus* spp.+SX, *Trichoderma album*+SX, *Trichoderma asperelloides* strain JM41R+SX, *Trichoderma asperellum* strain ICC012+SX, *Trichoderma asperellum* T25+SX, *Trichoderma asperellum* strain T34+SX, *Trichoderma asperellum* SKT-1 strain The following strains of *Trichoderma* were tested: strain SKT-1+SX, strain TV1+SX, strain CNCM 1-1237+SX, strain LC52+SX, strain IMI 206040+SX, strain SC1+SX, strain SKT-1+SX, strain T11+SX, and strain ICC080. ICC080)+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 21+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DB104+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DSM 1494414944)+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1303+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1306+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain IIHR-Th-2+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM908+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain kd+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain MO1+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain SF+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 T22)+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T39+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T78+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35+SX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain K2+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain F11Bab+SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain RR17Bc+SX, Trichoderma koningii+SX, Trichoderma Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI206039 + SX, Trichoderma spp. + SX, Trichoderma stromatosis + SX, Trichoderma virens strain G-41G-41)+SX, Trichoderma virens strain GL-21, Gliocladium virens GL-21+SX, Trichoderma viride+SX, Trichoderma viride strain K5+SX, Trichoderma viride strain NRRL B-S0S20+SX, Tsukamurella paurometabola+SX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94671+SX, Ulocladium oudemansii strain HRU3+SX, Vairimorpha spp. strain Q-09+SX, Variovora paradoxus strain GF4526 strains GF4526+SX, Verticillium alboatrum strain WCS850+SX, Verticillium chlamydosporium+SX, Verticillium dahliae+SX, Verticillium lecani strain NCIM1312+SX, Virgibacillus pantothenticus strain ATCC14576+SX, Virgibacillus pantothenticus strain DSM491+SX, Wolbaciapipientis+SX, Xanthomonas campestris pv poae+SX, Xanthomonas campestris)+SX, Xenorhabdus luminescens+SX, Xenorhabdus nematophila+SX, Zoophtora radicans+SX, Acaulospora spp.+SX, Ambisporaspp.+SX, Archaeospora spp.+SX, Claroideoglomus spp.+SX, Claroideoglomus etunicatum+SX, Claroideoglomus claroideum+SX, Diversispora spp.+SX, Entrophospora spp.+SX, Funneliformis spp.+SX, Funneliformis mosseae+SX, Geosiphon spp.+SX, Giaspora spp.+SX, Giaspora margarita+SX, Giaspora margarita The following are strains of fungi: *Glomus rosea* + SX, *Glomus spp.* + SX, *Glomus aggregatum* + SX, *Glomus deserticola* + SX, *Glomus monosporum* + SX, *Pacispora* spp. + SX, *Paraglomus* spp. + SX, *Paraglomus brasilianum* + SX, *Racocetra* spp. + SX, *Rhizophagus* spp. + SX, *Rhizophagus clarus* + SX, *Rhizophagus intraradices* + SX, *Rhizophagus irregularis* + SX, and *Rhizophagus DAOM 197198* (Rhizophagus irregularis strain). DAOM197198)+SX, Scutellospora spp.+SX, Azorhizobium spp.+SX, Azorhizobium caulinodans+SX, Azospirillum amazonense+SX, Azospirillum brasilense+SX, Azospirillum brasilense XOH strainXOH)+SX, Azospirillum brasilense strain Ab-V5+SX, Azospirillum brasilense strain Ab-V6+SX, Azospirillum caulinodans+SX, Azospirillum halopraeferens+SX, Azospirillum irakense+SX, Azospirillum lipoferum+SX, Bradyrhizobium spp.+SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii+SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain SEMIA 587+SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain SEMIA 587 The following strains of rhizobium were used: Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain SEMIA 5019 + SX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum + SX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain TA-11 + SX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 + SX, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense + SX, Bradyrhizobium lupini + SX, Bradyrhizobium spp. (Arachis) + SX, and Bradyrhizobium spp. (Arachis) + SX. spp.)(Vigna)+SX, Delftia acidovorans+SX, Delftia acidovorans strain RAY209+SX, Metylobacterium spp.+SX, Mesorhizobium ciceri+SX, Mesorhizobium huakii+SX, Mesorhizobium loti+SX, MesorhizobiumRhizobium etli + SX, Rhizobium galegae + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Phaseoli + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae + SX, Rhizobium trifolii + SX, Rhizobium tropici + SX, Sinorhizobium fredii + SX, Sinorhizobium meliloti + SX, Arkansas Fungus 18 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 ATP02)+SX, Beauveria bassiana strain CG716+SX, Candidaoleophila isolate I-182+SX, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides+SX, Cryptococcus flavescens+SX, Gliocladium roseum+SX, Glomus etunicatum+SX, Glomus iranicum+SX, Laccaria bicolor+SX, Laccaria laccata+SX, Lecanicillium muscarium strain 1 / 1+SX, Metarhizium anisopliae isolate IMI 330189 var. acridum isolate IMI 330189)+SX, Isaria fumosorosea strain FE9901+SX, Phlebiopsis+SX, Phona macrostroma strain 94-44B+SX, AcaulosporaThe following strains of bacteria are listed: * *L. longula* + SX, *Ambispora leptoticha* + SX, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* strain LAS117 + SX, *Claroideoglomus claroideum* + SX, *Claroideoglomus luteum* + SX, *Pisolithus tinctorius* + SX, *Rhizopogon amylopogon* + SX, *Rhizopogon fullvigleba* + SX, *Rhizopogon luteolus* + SX, *Rhizopogon villosullus* + SX, *Scleroderma cepa* + SX, *Scleroderma citrinum* + SX, and *Suillus granulatus* + SX. The following strains were found to be infected with the strain punctatapies+SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain kd+SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132+SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain 77B+SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain K4+SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain WW10TC4+SX, Trichoderma harmatum strain TH382+SX, Trichoderma lignorum strain TL-0601+SX, and Trichoderma saturnisporium strain PBP-TH-001. PBP-TH-001)+SX, Tsukamurella paurometabola strain C-924+SX, Gluconactobacter diazotrophicus strain IMI504853The following strains of bacteria were tested: IMI504853+SX, Clonestachys rosea strain IDAC 040913-01+SX, Bacillus cereus Bromelia NRRL B-50766+SX, Bacillus cereus Peumo NRRL B-50767+SX, Bacillus thuringiensis Anemophyla NRRL B-50765+SX, Trichoderma harzianuna Gomorteka NRRL 67322+SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain DSM17236+SX, and Bacillus copihue NRRL B-67023+SX. The following strains of bacteria were isolated: *Licheniformis* strain copihue (NRRL B-67023) + SX, *Trichoderma reesei* + SX, *Corynebacterium flavescens* strain B2575 + SX, *Chlorella* + SX, methylobacterium isolate ISO01 + SX, methylobacterium isolate ISO02 (NRRL B-50930) + SX, methylobacterium isolate ISO03 (NRRL B-50931) + SX, methylobacterium isolate ISO04 (NRRL B-50932) + SX, methylobacterium isolate ISO07 + SX, and methylobacterium isolate ISO09 (NRRL B-67023). B-50937)+SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO10 (NRRL) B-50938)+SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO11 (NRRL)B-50939)+SX, Klebsiella variicola 137+SX, Adoxophyes orana granulosisvirus strain BV-0001+SX, Anticarsia gemmatalis mNPV+SX, Autographa californica mNPV+SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain V15+SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain V22+SX, Cryptophorbia leucotreta GV+SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain CP4 CP4)+SX, Codling moth granulovirus R5 strain (Cydia pomonella GV strain R5)+SX, Pine caterpillar cypovirus (Dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus)+SX, Cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrovirus BV-0003 strain (Helicoverpa armigera NPV strain BV-0003)+SX, Corn borer nucleopolyhedrovirus (Helicoverpa zea NPV)+SX, Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (Lymantria dispar NPV)+SX, Cabbage cutworm nucleopolyhedrovirus (Mamestra brassicae NPV)+SX, Cabbage cutworm nucleopolyhedrovirus (Mamestra configurata NPV)+SX, Balsam fir sawfly nucleopolyhedrovirus (Neodiprion abietis NPV)+SX, Red pine sawfly nucleopolyhedrovirus (Neodiprion lecontei) NPV+SX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV+SX, Nosema locustae+SX, Orgyiapseudotsugata NPV+SX, Pieris rapae GV+SX, Plodia interpunctella GV+SX, Spodoptera exiguamNPV)+SX, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (mNPV)+SX, Spodoptera litura NPV+SX, BT crop protein Cry1Ab+SX, BT crop protein Cry1Ac+SX, BT crop protein Cry1Fa+SX, BT crop protein Cry1A.105+SX, BT crop protein Cry2Ab+SX, BT crop protein Vip3A+SX, BT crop protein mCry3A+SX, BT crop protein Cry3Ab+SX, BT crop protein Cry3Bb+SX, BT crop protein Cry3Bb+SX. Cry3Bb)+SX, BT crop protein Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1 (BT crop protein Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1)+SX, chitin+SX, colletochlorin B+SX, concanamycin A+SX, ryanodine+SX, cevadine+SX, veratridine+SX, pyrethrin I+SX, pyrethrin II+SX, cinerin I+SX, cinerin II+SX, jasmolin I+SX, jasmolin II+SX, leaves and bark of Quercus+SX, dried leaves of Dryopteris Filix-mas)+SX, Artemisia absinthium extract+SX, Cassia nigricans extract+SX, Butterfly pea extract+SXternatea)+SX, extract of Symphytum officinale+SX, extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides+SX, extract of Tanacetum vulgare+SX, extract of Urtica dioica+SX, extract of Viscum album+SX, oil of the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum+SX, wood extract of Quassiaamara+SX, extract of Melaleuca alternifolia+SX, extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis+SX, extract of the cotyledons of lupine plantlets ("BLAD")+SX, extract of Allium Satisfactionum + SX, Equisetum arvense extract + SX, Tropaeolum majus extract + SX, Azadirachtindica extract + SX, Quillaja extract + SX, Yellow mustard powder + SX, Schoenocaulon seed extract + SX, Pyrethrum extract + SX, Gougerotin + SX, Matrine + SX, Ascaridole + SX, Capsicin + SX, Deguelin + SX, Nootkatone + SX, Pellitorine + SX, Piperine + SX, Swinglea extractglutinosa+SX, cytokinin+SX, N,N'-diformylurea+SX, salicylic acid+SX.

[0141] There is no particular limitation on the ratio of this compound to this component. Examples of weight ratios (compound:component) include 1000:1 to 1:1000, 500:1 to 1:500, 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50.

[0142] This compound is effective against harmful arthropods such as harmful insects and mites, as well as harmful nematodes. Examples of harmful arthropods and nematodes include the following.

[0143] Hemiptera: Planthoppers such as *Laodelphax striatellus*, *Nilaparvatalugens*, *Sogatella furcifera*, *Peregrinus maidis*, *Javesella pellucida*, *Perkinsiella saccharicida*, and *Tagosodesorizicolus*; Leafhoppers such as *Nephotettix cincticeps*, *Nephotettix virescens*, *Nephotettix nigropictus*, *Recilia dorsalis*, *Empoasca onukii*, *Empoascafabae*, *Dalbulus maidis*, and *Cofana*. Leafhoppers include species such as *Spectra* and *Amrasca biguttula biguttula* (Cicadellidae); leafhoppers include species such as *Philaenus spumarius* (Aphrophoridae); and leafhoppers include species such as *Mahanarva posticata* and *Mahanarva fimbriolata* (Cercopidae).Beet aphid (Aphis fabae), soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), apple aphid (Aphis pomi), spiraecola aphid (Aphis spiraecola), peach aphid (Myzus persicae), plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi), cabbage aphid (Brevicorynebrassicae), rose apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), cabbage aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), eggplant aphid (Aulacorthum solani), lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri), cereal aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), corn aphid (Rhopalosiphummaidis), orange aphid (Toxoptera citricida), peach aphid (Hyalopterus pruni), sorghum aphid (Melanaphis) The aphid family includes: *Sacchari*, *Tetraneura nigriabdominalis*, *Ceratovacuna lanigera*, *Eriosoma lanigerum*, and *Sitobionavenae*; the root aphid family includes: *Daktulosphaira vitifoliae*, *Phylloxera devastatrix*, *Phylloxera notabilis*, and *Phylloxera russelae*; and the ball aphid family includes: *Adelgestsugae*, *Adelges piceae*, and *Aphrastasia pectinatae*.The species include the black rice bug (Scotinophara lurida), the Malayan black rice bug (Scotinophara coarctata), the black-bearded green rice bug (Nezara antennata), the northern two-spotted bug (Eysarcoris aeneus), the large-spined white-spotted bug (Eysarcoris lewisi), the broad-spotted two-spotted bug (Eysarcoris ventralis), the false two-spotted bug (Eysarcoris annamita), the tea-winged bug (Halyomorpha halys), the green rice bug (Nezara viridula), the brown bug (Euschistus heros), the red-banded bug (Piezodorus guildinii), the rice bug (Oebalus pugnax), and the stink bug (Dichelops melacanthus), belonging to the family Pentatomidae; the burrowing brown bug (Scaptocoris). Cydnidae (including *Castanea*); Alydidae (including *Riptortus clavatus*, *Leptocorisa chinensis*, and *Leptocorisa acuta*); Coreidae (including *Cletus punctiger* and *Leptoglossus australis*); Lygaeidae (including *Cavelerius saccharivorus*, *Togohemipterus*, and *Blissus leucopterus*); Trigonotylus caelestialium, Stenotus rubrovittatus, and Stenodema. Miridae (including the mirid bug *Calcarata* and *Lygus lineolaris*); Aleyrodidae (including the whitefly family *Trialeurodes vaporariorum*, *Bemisia tabaci*, *Dialeurodescitri*, *Aleurocanthus spiniferus*, *Aleurocanthus cameelliae*, and *Pealius euryae*).The species include scale insects of the family Diaspididae (such as *Abgrallaspis cyanophylli*, *Aonidiella aurantii*, *Diaspidiotus perniciosus*, *Pseudaulacaspis pentagona*, *Unaspis yanonensis*, and *Unaspis citri*); scale insects of the family Coccidae (such as *Ceroplastes rubens*); cottony cushion scales such as *Icerya purchasi* and *Icerya seychellarum*; and scale insects of the family Margarodidae (such as *Phenacoccus solani*, *Phenacoccus sonopsis*, and *Planococcus rubens*). The family Pseudococcidae includes species such as *Pseudococcus comstocki*, *Planococcus citri*, *Pseudococcus calceolariae*, *Pseudococcus longispinus*, and *Brevennia rehi*. The family Psyllidae includes species such as *Diaphorina citri*, *Trioza erytreae*, *Cacopsylla pyrisuga*, *Cacopsylla chinensis*, *Bactericera cockerelli*, and *Cacopsylla pyricola*. The family Psyllidae includes species such as *Corythucha ciliata* and *Corythucha ciliata*. The family Tingidae includes species such as *Marmorata*, *Stephanitis nashi*, and *Stephanitis pyrioides*; the family Cimicidae includes species such as *Cimex lectularius* and *Cimex hemipterus*; and the family Cicadidae includes species such as *Quesada gigas*.The Reduviidae family includes assassin bugs such as the harassing kissing bug (Triatoma infestans), the red-banded kissing bug (Triatoma rubrofasciata), the two-part kissing bug (Triatoma dimidiata), and the long red assassin bug (Rhodonius prolixus).

[0144] Lepidoptera: Rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), Taiwan rice stem borer (Chilo polychrysus), rice white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Rupela albina, rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), broad-striped leaf roller (Marasmia patnalis), rice leaf roller (Marasmia exigua), cotton leaf roller (Notarcha derogata), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), cabbage leaf borer (Hellula undalis), grape leaf cutter moth (Herpetogramma luctuosale), Kentucky bluegrass stem borer (Parapedia siateterrellus), rice three-spotted stem borer (Nymphula) Crombidae family, including grass moths such as *Diatraea saccharalis* and *Leucinodes orbonalis*; Pyralidae family, including small corn borer (*Elasmopalpus lignosellus*), Indian grain moth (*Plodia interpunctella*), dark-skinned corn borer (*Euzophera batangensis*), and powdery corn borer (*Cadra cautella*); and Spodoptera litura, sugar beet armyworm (*Spodoptera exigua*), armyworm (*Mythimna separata*), cabbage armyworm (*Mamestrabrassicae*), large corn borer (*Sesamia inferens*), gray-winged armyworm (*Spodoptera mauritia*), rice stem borer (*Naranga aenescens*), and grassland armyworm (*Spodoptera*). The following are listed: frugiperda, Spodoptera exempta, Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera eridania, Agrotis ipsilon, Autographa nigrisigna, Plusiafestucae, Chrysodeixis includens, and Trichoplusia spp.The species include: *Heliothis virescens* (tobacco bud moth), *Helicoverpa armigera* (cotton bollworm), *Helicoverpa zea* (grain bollworm), *Anticarsia gemmatalis* (bean bollworm), *Alabama argillacea* (cotton leaf moth), and *Hydraecia immanis* (hop vine borer), belonging to the family Noctuidae; *Pieris rapae* (cabbage white butterfly), belonging to the family Pieridae; *Grapholita molesta* (pear fruit moth), *Grapholita dimorpha* (crab fruit moth), *Leguminivora glycinivorella* (soybean fruit moth), *Matsumuraeses azukivora* (soybean leafroller), *Adoxophyesorana fasciata* (apple leafroller), and *Adoxophyes* (tea leafroller). The following moths belong to the Tortricidae family: *Homona magnanima*, *Archips fuscocupreanus*, *Cydiapomonella*, *Tetramoera schistaceana*, *Epinotia aporema*, *Citripestis sagittiferella*, and *Lobesia botrana*. Other moths include: *Caloptilia theivora* and *Phyllonorycterringoniella* (tea leafminer and golden-striped leafminer); *Carposinidae* (peach fruit borer and *Carposina sasakii*); and *Leucoptera coffeella*, *Lyonetia clerkella*, and *Lyonetia spp.* Examples of moths include the family Lyonetiidae (such as *Prunella prunifoliella*), the genera *Lymantria* (such as *Lymantriadispar*), and the genus *Euproctis* (such as *Euproctis pseudoconspersa*).Lymantriidae (e.g., diamondback moth); Plutellidae (e.g., diamondback moth); Gelechiidae (e.g., peach twig moth, sweet potato moth, red boll moth, potato moth, tomato moth); Arctiidae (e.g., fall webworm); Castniidae (e.g., sugarcane borer); Cossidae (e.g., aromatic wood-boring moth); Ascotis (e.g., large bridge-building insect). Geometridae (e.g., *Selenaria*); Limacodidae (e.g., *Parasalepida*); Stathmopodidae (e.g., *Stathmopoda masinissa*); Sphingidae (e.g., *Acherontialachesis*); Sesiidae (e.g., *Nokonaferalis*, *Synanthedon hector*, *Synanthedon tenuis*); Hesperiidae (e.g., *Parnara guttata*); Tineidae (e.g., *Tinea translucens*, *Tineola bisselliella*).

[0145] Thysanoptera: Thripidae (Frankliniella occidentalis), palm thistle (Thrips palmi), yellow thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci), flower thrips (Frankliniella intonsa), rice thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis), American thorny thrips (Echinothrips americanus), avocado thrips (Scirtothrips perseae), etc.; Phlaeothripidae (Haplothrips aculeatus), etc.

[0146] Diptera: Anthomyiidae (including species such as *Delia platura*, *Delia antiqua*, and *Pegomya cunicularia*); Ulidiidae (including species such as *Tetanopsmyopaeformis*); Agromyzidae (including species such as *Agromyza oryzae*, *Liriomyza sativae*, *Liriomyza trifolii*, and *Chromatomyia horticola*); Chloropidae (including species such as *Chlorops oryzae*); Bactrocera cucurbitae (including species such as *Bactrocera dorsalis*, *Bactrocera latifrons*, and *Bactrocera cucurbitae*). Fruit flies include: *Bactroceratryoni*, *Ceratitis capitata*, *Rhagoletis pomonella*, and *Rhacochlaena japonica* (all belonging to the family Tephritidae); rice leaf miners (*Hydrelliagriseola*), *Hydrellia philippina*, and *Hydrellia sasakii* (all belonging to the family Ephydridae); fruit flies including *Drosophila suzukii* and *Drosophila melanogaster* (all belonging to the family Drosophilidae); flea flies including *Megaselia spiracularis* (all belonging to the family Phoridae); midges including *Clogmia albipunctata* (all belonging to the family Psychodidae); and mushroom midges including *Bradysia*. Sciaridae (e.g., *Difformis*); Cecidomyiidae (e.g., *Mayetiola destructor*, *Orseolia oryzae*); Diopsidae (e.g., *Diopsis macrophthalma*).The following species are included: Glossinidae (flies such as *Glossina palpalis* and *Glossina morsitans*); Simuliidae (flying midges such as *Simulium japonicum* and *Simulium damnosum*); Phlebotominae (sandflies); Tipulaaino (gross mosquitoes such as *Tipula aino*, *Tipula oleracea*, and *Tipula paludosa*); and Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens f. molestus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culexpipiens pipiens, Culex vishnui, and Aedes albopictus. The Culicidae family includes mosquitoes such as *Aedes aegypti*, *Anopheles sinensis*, *Anopheles gambiae*, *Anopheles stephensi*, *Anopheles coluzzii*, *Anopheles salbimanus*, *Anopheles sundaicus*, *Anopheles arabiensis*, *Anopheles funestus*, *Anopheles darlingi*, *Anopheles farauti*, and *Anopheles minimus*; the Simulidae family includes flies such as *Prosimulium yezoensis* and *Simulium ornatum*; the Tabanidae family includes horseflies such as *Tabanus trigonus*; and the Musca domestica and Muscina species are also mentioned. Muscidae (flies such as *Stabulans*, *Stomoxyscalcitrans*, and *Haematobia irritans*); Calliphoridae (flies); Sarcophagidae (flies);Chironomidae include species such as *Chironomus plumosus*, *Chironomus yoshimatsui*, and *Glyptotendipes tokunagai*; Fannidae are also included.

[0147] Coleoptera: Genus *Diabrotica* spp., including species such as the western corn rootworm (*Diabrotica virgifera virgifera*), the southern corn rootworm (*Diabrotica undecimpunctatahowardi*), the northern corn rootworm (*Diabrotica barberi*), the Mexican corn rootworm (*Diabrotica virgiferazeae*), the spotted cucumber leaf beetle (*Diabrotica balteata*), the Cucurbit Beetle (*Diabrotica speciosa*), the bean leaf beetle (*Cerotoma trifurcata*), the grain leaf beetle (*Oulemamelanopus*), the cucumber beetle (*Aulacophora femoralis*), the yellow striped flea beetle (*Phyllotreta striolata*), the cabbage flea beetle (*Phyllotreta cruciferae*), the western black flea beetle (*Phyllotreta pusilla*), and the rapeseed flea beetle (*Psylliodes*). Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles), Psylliodes punctulata (flea beetle), Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata (potato beetle), Oulema oryzae (rice leaf beetle), Colaspis brunnea (grape sheath beetle), Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea beetle), Chaetocnema confinis (sweet potato flea beetle), Epitrix cucumeris (American potato flea beetle), Dicladispa armigera (rice iron beetle), Myochrous denticollis (southern corn leaf beetle), Laccoptera quadrimaculata (sweet potato wax beetle), Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea beetle), etc.; Carabidae (earth beetle family);The following species belong to the Scarabaeidae family: *Anomala cuprea*, *Anomala rufocuprea*, *Anomala albopilosa*, *Popillia japonica*, *Heptophyllapicea*, *Rhizotrogus majalis*, *Tomarus gibbosus*, *Holotrichia spp.*, *Phyllophaga crinita*, and other species in the *Phyllophaga* genus; *Diloboderus abderus* and other species in the *Diloboderus* genus; *Arenacerus coffeae* and other species in the Anthriibidae family; *Cylasus spp.* (sweet potato weevil). Aponidae family, including *Zabrotes subfasciatus*; Bruchidae family, including *Zabrotes subfasciatus*; Scolytidae family, including *Tomicus piniperda* and *Hypothenemus hampei*; West Indian sweet potato weevil (Euscepespostfasciatus), alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera postica), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius), rice weevil (Echinocnemus squameus), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), palm weevil (Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis), cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), parasitic grain weevil (Sphenophorus venatus), and southern maize long-beaked weevil (Sphenophorus). The family Curculionidae includes species such as callosus, soybean stem weevil (Sternechus subsignatus), sugarcane weevil (Sphenophorus levis), rust weevil (Scepticus griseus), scepticus uniformis, Aracanthus mourei, and others.Tenebrionidae (including the red flour beetle *Tribolium castaneum*, the mixed flour beetle *Tribolium confusum*, and the black fungus beetle *Alphitobius diaperinus*); Coccinellidae (including the eggplant ladybug *Epilachna vigintioctopunctata*); Bostrychidae (including the brown powder beetle *Lyctus brunneus* and the grain beetle *Rhizopertha dominica*); Ptinidae (spider beetles); Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles including the star longhorn beetle *Anoplophora malasiaca*, *Migdolus fryanus*, and the peach-necked longhorn beetle *Aromiabungii*); Melanotus okinawensis (click beetle), Agriotes fuscicollis (click beetle), and Melanotus (click beetle). Click beetles (Elateridae), including genera such as *Leetus*, *Anchastus* spp., *Conoderus* spp., *Ctenicera* spp., *Limonius* spp., and *Aeolus* spp.; Paederus fuscipes and other rove beetles (Staphylinidae); Dermestidae (Dermestidae), including small round-necked beetles (*Anthrenus verbasci*), white-bellied dermestles (*Dermestes maculates*), and grazing beetles (*Trogoderma granarium*); Anobiidae (Anobiidae), including tobacco beetles (*Lasioderma serricorne*) and medicinal beetles (*Stegobium paniceum*); and Cryptolestes. Species such as *Laemophloeidae* (e.g., *ferrugineus*); *Silvanidae* (e.g., *Oryzaephilus surinamensis*); and *Nitidulidae* (e.g., *Brassicogethesaeneus*).

[0148] Orthoptera: Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus), Australian locust (Chortoicetes terminifera), Red-winged locust (Nomadacrisseptemfasciata), Brown locust (Locustana pardalina), Tree locust (Anacridium melanorhodon), Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus), Long-fronted grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis), Two-banded grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus), Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes), Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum), Clearwing locust (Camnula pellucida), Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), Yellow-winged locust (Gastrimargus musicus), Spur-throated locust (Austracris guttulosa), Small-winged rice locust (Oxya The family Acrididae includes species such as *Yezoensis*, *Oxya japonica*, and *Patanga succincta*; the family Gryllotalpidae includes species such as *Gryllotalpa orientalis*; the family Gryllidae includes species such as *Acheta domestica* and *Teleogryllus emma*; and the family Tettigoniidae includes species such as *Anabrus simplex*.

[0149] Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae (leaf bee family), including species such as *Athalia rosae* and *Athalia japonica*; genera such as *Solenopsis* (fire ant genus), including *Solenopsis invicta* and *Solenopsis geminata*; genera such as *Atta* (brown leaf-cutting ant), including *Acromyrmex* (leaf-cutting ant genus); *Paraponera clavata* (bullet ant); *Ochetellus glaber* (hairless stink ant); *Monomoriumpharaonis* (small yellow house ant); *Linepithema humile* (Argentine ant); *Formica japonica* (Japanese black brown ant); *Pristomyrmex punctutus* (striated leaf-cutting ant); *Pheidole* (broad-knotted big-headed ant). Formic ants (Camponotus spp.), including *Camponotus noda*, *Pheidolemegacephala*, *Camponotus japonicus*, and *Camponotus obscuripes*; ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.), including *Pogonomyrmex occidentalis*; fire ants (Wasmania spp.), including *Wasmania auropunctata*; yellow ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes); wasps (Vespidae), including *Vespa mandarinia*, *Vespa simillima*, *Vespa analis*, *Vespa velutina*, and domestic wasps (Polistes jokahamae); tree wasps (Urocerus). Families such as *Gigas* (Siricidae) and *Bethylidae* (Byrhynchidae).

[0150] Blattodea: Includes species such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) and the family Ectobiidae; species such as the American cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae), brown-spotted cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea), and oriental cockroach (Blattaorientalis); species such as the northern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes speratus), the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), the small jacaranda termite (Incisitermes minor), the domesticated termite (Cryptotermes domesticus), the black-winged subterranean termite (Odontotermes formosanus), the Neotermite koshunensis, and the Glyptotermes. The termites include species such as *Glyptotermes satsumensis*, *Glyptotermes nakajimai*, *Glyptotermes fuscus*, *Hodotermopsis sjostedti*, *Coptotermes guangzhouensis*, *Reticulitermes amamianus*, *Reticulitermes miyatakei*, *Reticulitermes kanmonensis*, *Nasutitermes takasagoensis*, *Pericapritermes nitobei*, *Sinocapritermes mushae*, and *Cornitermes cumulans*, all belonging to the family Termitidae.

[0151] Siphonaptera: Families such as Pulicidae (human flea), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea), Ctenocephalides canis (dog comb flea), Xenopsylla cheopis (mouse flea), and Echidnophaga gallinacea (bird flea); Families such as Hectopsyllidae (penetrating flea), and Ceratophyllidae (European mouse flea), including Nosopsyllus fasciatus.

[0152] Order Psocodae: Human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) and other louse families (Pediculidae); pubic louse (Pthirus pubis) and other pubic louse families (Phtiridae); blood louse family (Haematopinidae) such as bovine blood louse (Haematopinuseurysternus) and swine blood louse (Haematopinus suis); gnatidae family (Linognathidae) such as calf gnatidae (Linognathus vituli), sheep gnatidae (Linognathus ovillus), and buffalo blind louse (Solenopotescapillatus); animal louse family (Bovicoliidae) such as bovine hair louse (Bovicola bovis), sheep hair louse (Bovicolaovis), Bovicola breviceps, Damalinia forficula, and Werneckiella spp.; dog-biting louse (Trichodectes) The following are family names for various lice families: Trichodectidae (including *Canis* and *Felicola subrostratus*); Menoponidae (including *Menopon gallinae*, *Menacanthus stramineus*, and *Trinoton spp.*); Trimenoponidae (including *Cummingsia spp.*); Trogiidae (including *Trogium pulsatorium*); and Liposcelidae (or Liposcelididae) (including *Liposcelis corrodens*, *Liposcelis bostrychophila*, *Liposcelis pearmani*, and *Liposcelisentomophila*).

[0153] Thysanura: Lepismatidae such as Ctenolepisma villosa and Lepismasaccharina.

[0154] Order Acari: Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus evansi, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Oligochus spp., etc., family Tetranychidae; Aculops pelekassi, Phyllocoptruta citri, Aculops lycopersici, Calacarus carinatus, Acaphylla theavagrans, Eriophyes chibaensis, Aculus schlechtendali, Aceria Eriophyidae (including *Diospyri*, *Aceria tosichella*, and *Shevtchenkella* sp.); Tarsonemidae (including *Polyphagotarsonemus latus*); Tenuipalpidae (including *Brevipalpus phoenicis*); and Tuckerellidae (family Tuckerellidae).Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis campanulata, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Rhipicephalus Microplus, including the ringed tick (Rhipicephalus annulatus), blood-red tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), tailed tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus), and decolorized tick (Rhipicephalus decoloratus), belonging to the family Ixodidae; Argas persicus, Ornithodoros hermsi, and Ornithodorosturicata, belonging to the family Argasidae; Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Tyrophagus similis, belonging to the family Acaridae; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae; and Cheyletus eruditus and Cheyletus malathion, belonging to the family Cheyletus eruditus. Carnivorous mites include the family Cheyletidae, such as *Chelacaropsis moorei* and *Cheyletiella yasguri*.The following are species of mites: sheep itch mites (Psoroptes ovis), horse itch mites (Psoroptes equi), mutant knee mites (Knemidocoptes muans), ear mites (Otodectes cynotis), and skin mites (Chorioptes spp.), belonging to the family Psoroptidae; cat ear mites (Notoedres cati), cat anal mites (Notoedres muris), and human scabies mites (Sarcoptes scabiei), belonging to the family Sarcoptes; rabbit scabies mites (Listrophorus gibbus), belonging to the family Listrophoridae; chicken scabies mites (Dermanyssus gallinae), belonging to the family Dermanyssidae; forest scabies mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum), avian scabies mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti), belonging to the family Macronyssidae; and Varroa mites. This includes mites from the families Varoidae (such as *Jacobsoni*), Demodex canis, and Demodex cati (such as *Demodex cati*), as well as mites from the family Trombiculidae (such as *Leptotrombidium akamushi*, *Leptotrombidium pallidum*, and *Leptotrombidium scutellare*).

[0155] Araneae: Eutichuridae (red-clawed spiders such as Cheiracanthium japonicum); Theridiidae (ball spiders such as Latrodectus hasseltii).

[0156] The order Polydesmida includes species such as Oxidus gracilis and Nedyopus tambanus, belonging to the family Paradoxosomatidae.

[0157] Isopoda: Armadillidium vulgare and Armadillidiidae.

[0158] Chilopoda: Scutigeridae (e.g., Thereuonema hilgendorfi); Scolopendridae (e.g., Scolopendra subspinipes); Ethopolyidae (e.g., Bothropolys rugosus).

[0159] Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae (rice dry tip nematode, *Aphelenchoides besseyi*); Pratylenchidae (coffee nematode, *Pratylenchus brachyurus*, *Pratylenchus neglectus*, *Radopholus similis*, etc.); Javan root-knot nematode, Southern root-knot nematode, Guava root-knot nematode (*Meloidogyne enterolobii*), Northern root-knot nematode (*Meloidogyne hapla*), Soybean cyst nematode (*Heterodera glycines*), Potato golden nematode (*Globodera*). The following nematodes are included: Heteroderidae (such as *Rostochiensis* and *Globodera pallida*); Hoplolaimidae (such as *Rotylenchulus reniformis*); Anguinidae (such as *Nothotylenchus acris* and *Ditylenchus dipsaci*); Tylenchulidae (such as *Tylenchulus semipenetrans*); Longidoridae (such as *Xiphinema index*); Trichodoridae; Parasitaphelenchidae (such as *Bursaphelenchus xylophilus*); and Trichuris suis, Trichuris isovis, and Trichuris suis. Family Trichuridae, including *C. discolor*; Family Capillariidae, including *Capillaria suis*, *Calodium hepaticum*, *Paracapillaria philippinensis*, *Pearsonema plica*, and *Pearsibena spp.*.Trichinellidae (including Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi); Strongyloididae (including Strongyloides papillosus, Strongyloides planiceps, Strongyloides ransomi, and Strongyloides stercoralis); Strongylidae (including Strongylus edentatus, Strongylus vulgaris, Triodontophorus spp., Oesophagodontus spp., and Cylicostephanus spp.); and Chabertia (including Oesophagostomum dentatum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Chabertia). * *Chabertiidae*, including *Ovina*; *Stephanuridae*, including *Stephanurus dentatus*; *Dioctophymatidae*, including *Dioctophymerenale*; *Ancylostoma braziliense*, *Ancylostoma caninum*, *Ancylostoma duodenale*, *Uncinaria stenocephala*, *Bunostomum phlebotomum*, *Bunostomum trigonocephalum*, *Globocephalus spp.*, etc., belonging to the family Ancylostomatidae; *Syngamus skrjabinomorpha*, *Syngamus trachea*, *Cyathostoma*. Syngamidae (such as *Bronchiolochia bronchialis*); Metastrongylidae (such as *Metastrongylusapri*, a porcine roundworm);The family Dictyocaulidae includes nematodes such as *Dictyocaulus filaria* and *Dictyocaulus viviparus*; the family Crenosomatidae includes nematodes such as *Crenosoma aerophila* and *Crenosoma vulpis*; the family Angiostrongylidae includes nematodes such as *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*, *Angiostrongylus vasorum*, and *Aelurostrongylus abstrusus*; the family Filaroididae includes nematodes such as *Filaroideshirthi* and *Filaroides osleri*; and the family Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and *Obeliscoides*. The following nematodes are listed: Trichostrongylidae (e.g., *Cuniculi*); Haemonchidae (e.g., *Haemonchus contortus*, *Hyostrongylus rubidus*, *Mecistocirrus digitatus*, *Ostertagia ostertagi*); Molineidae (e.g., *Nematodirus filicollis*, *Nematodirus spathiger*); Oxyuridae (e.g., *Enterobius vermicularis*, *Oxyuris equi*, *Passalurus ambiguus*); Heterakidae (e.g., *Heterakis gallinarum*); and Ascaris lumbricoides. Ascarididae (including lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, and Parascaris equorum); Toxocara family (including Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxocara vitulorum);Anisakis spp. and other Anisakidae; Ascaridiidae and other Ascarididae; Gnathostomatidae and other Gnathostoma doloresi; Physalopteridae and other Physaloptera felidis and Physaloptera rara; Thelaziidae and other Thelazia callipaeda and Thelazia gulosa; Gongylonematidae and other Gongylonema pulchrum; Habronema majus, Habronema muscae, and Drasiea. Habronematidae (family Megastoma); Dracunculidae (family Dracunculus medinensis, etc.); Spirocercidae (family Ascarops strongylina, etc.); Filariidae (family Stephanofilaria okinawaensis, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Parafilaria bovicola, etc.); Setariidae (family Setaria digitata, Setaria equina, etc.); Dirofilaria immitis (family Dirofilaria immitis), Brugia malayi (family Brugi), Onchocerca cervicalis (family Onchocerca gibsoni), Dipetalonema (family Dipetalonema) The family Onchocercidae includes nematodes such as *Reconditum* and *Wuchereria bancrofti*.

[0160] Harmful insects, harmful mites and other harmful arthropods, as well as harmful nematodes, can also refer to harmful insects, harmful mites and other harmful arthropods and harmful nematodes whose sensitivity to pesticides, acaricides or nematicides has decreased or who have strong resistance to pesticides.

[0161] As a method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes according to the present invention, it can be carried out by directly applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, and / or applying it to the habitats (plants, soil, houses, animals, etc.) of the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes. Examples of methods for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes according to the present invention include foliar treatment, soil treatment, root treatment, spraying treatment, fumigation treatment, water surface treatment, and seed treatment.

[0162] This compound or composition A is typically mixed with inactive carriers such as solid carriers, liquid carriers, and gaseous carriers, and surfactants, and, as needed, with the addition of formulation adjuvants such as binders, dispersants, and stabilizers, to formulate into aqueous suspensions, oil suspensions, oils, emulsions, microemulsions, microcapsules, wettable powders, granular wettable powders, powders, granules, tablets, aerosols, resin formulations, etc. It is not limited to these formulations and can be formulated into the dosage forms described in the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, FAO Lant Production and Protection Papers-271~276, prepared by the FAO / WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications, 2016, ISSN:0259-2517.

[0163] In these formulations, this compound or composition A typically contains 0.0001 to 99% by weight.

[0164] Examples of solid carriers include clay (pyrophyllite, kaolin clay, etc.), talc, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, acid clay, attapulgite, white charcoal, ammonium sulfate, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica sand, micro powders and granules of fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, etc.), and resins (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, etc.).

[0165] Examples of liquid carriers include water, alcohols (ethanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), ketones (acetone, cyclohexanone, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (xylene, phenylxyl ethane, methylnaphthalene, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, cyclohexane, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, methyl oleate, propylene carbonate, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.), ethers (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctylamide, etc.), sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), lactams (N-methylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, etc.), fatty acids (oleic acid, etc.), and vegetable oils (soybean oil, etc.).

[0166] Examples of gaseous carriers include fluorocarbons, butane gas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), dimethyl ether, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

[0167] Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, etc.) and anionic surfactants (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, etc.).

[0168] Examples of adjuvants for other formulations include binders, dispersants, colorants, and stabilizers. Specifically, examples include polysaccharides (starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, alginic acid, etc.), lignin derivatives, synthetic water-soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, etc.), isopropyl phosphate, and butylated hydroxytoluene.

[0169] In this invention, the plant can be categorized as the whole plant, stem and leaves, flower, spike, fruit, trunk, branch, crown, seed, vegetative reproductive organs, and seedling.

[0170] Vegetative reproductive organs refer to the parts of a plant, such as roots, stems, and leaves, that have the ability to grow when separated from the main body and placed in the soil. Examples of vegetative reproductive organs include tuberous roots, creeping roots, bulbs, corms or solid bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, stolons, rhizophores, cane cuttings, propagules, and vine cuttings. It should be noted that stolons are sometimes also called runners, and propagules are also called bulbils, which are divided into broad buds and bulbils. Vine cuttings refer to the shoots (including leaves and stems, without roots) of plants such as sweet potatoes and Japanese yam. Bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, stem cuttings, rootstocks, or tuberous roots are collectively referred to as bulbs. The cultivation of tubers begins by planting tubers into the soil, but the tubers used are usually called seed tubers.

[0171] As a method for applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the soil to control harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, examples include: applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the soil before or after transplanting plants; applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the rhizosphere of a crop to be protected from damage such as feeding by harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes; and allowing an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to permeate and transfer from the roots to the interior of the plant, thereby controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes that feed on the plant. More specifically, examples include: planting hole treatment (planting hole distribution, planting hole soil mixing), root treatment (root distribution, root soil mixing, root irrigation, late seedling stage root treatment), planting furrow treatment (planting furrow distribution, planting furrow soil mixing), ridge furrow treatment (ridge furrow distribution, ridge furrow soil mixing, growing season ridge furrow distribution), sowing furrow treatment (sowing season ridge furrow distribution, sowing season ridge furrow soil mixing), comprehensive treatment (whole soil distribution, whole soil mixing), ridge planting lateral treatment, water surface treatment (water surface application, water surface application after water storage), and other soil distribution treatments (growing season granule foliar distribution, distribution under the canopy or around the trunk, soil surface distribution, soil surface mixing, sowing hole distribution, ridge surface distribution). Distribute, interplant distribution), other irrigation treatments (soil irrigation, seedling irrigation, pesticide injection, basal irrigation, drip irrigation, chemical solution irrigation), seedling box treatment (seedling box distribution, seedling box irrigation, seedling box pesticide accumulation), seedling tray treatment (seedling tray distribution, seedling tray irrigation, seedling tray pesticide accumulation), seedbed treatment (seedbed distribution, seedbed irrigation, seedling bed distribution, seedling soaking), bed soil mixing treatment (bed soil mixing, pre-sowing bed soil mixing, distribution before sowing and covering with soil, distribution after sowing and covering with soil, soil mixing), and other treatments (cultivated soil mixing, turning in, topsoil mixing, rainwater drip soil mixing, planting location treatment, granular calyx distribution, paste fertilizer mixing).

[0172] Examples of seed treatment include treatments of seeds or vegetative reproductive organs by means of this compound or composition A. More specifically, examples include spraying treatment, where a suspension of this compound or composition A is sprayed onto the surface of the seed or vegetative reproductive organ; coating treatment, where this compound or composition A is applied to the seed or vegetative reproductive organ; immersion treatment, where the seed or vegetative reproductive organ is immersed in a solution of this compound or composition A for a certain period of time; and methods of coating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs using a carrier containing this compound or composition A (coating treatment, granule coating treatment, etc.). Seed potatoes are a particularly good example of such vegetative reproductive organs.

[0173] When treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with composition A, composition A can be formulated as a single preparation for treating the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, or composition A can be formulated as multiple different preparations for treating the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs multiple times. Examples of methods for treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs multiple times with multiple different preparations include: treating with a preparation containing only this compound as an active ingredient, air-drying the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, and then treating with a preparation containing this ingredient; and treating with a preparation containing both this compound and this ingredient as active ingredients, air-drying the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, and then treating with a preparation containing this ingredient other than the ingredient that has been treated.

[0174] In this invention, the term "seed or vegetative reproductive organ retaining the present compound or composition A" refers to a seed or vegetative reproductive organ in which the present compound or composition A is attached to its surface. Regarding the aforementioned seed or vegetative reproductive organ retaining the present compound or composition A, materials other than the present compound or composition A may be attached before or after the present compound or composition A is attached to the seed or vegetative reproductive organ.

[0175] Furthermore, when composition A adheres to the surface of a seed or vegetative reproductive organ by forming a layer, this layer is formed of one or more layers. Additionally, when multiple layers are formed, each layer may contain one or more active ingredients, or it may consist of a layer containing one or more active ingredients and a layer without active ingredients.

[0176] Seeds or vegetative reproductive organs containing this compound or composition A can be obtained, for example, by applying a preparation containing this compound or composition A to the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs using the aforementioned seed treatment method.

[0177] When this compound or composition A is used for the control of harmful arthropods or nematodes in agriculture, the application rate is [amount] per 10,000 m³. 2 The amount of this compound is usually 1 to 10,000 g. When treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, the amount of this compound applied is usually in the range of 0.001 to 100 g relative to 1 kg of seeds or vegetative reproductive organs. When this compound or composition A is formulated as an emulsion, wettable powder, suspension, etc., it is usually diluted with water and applied at an active ingredient concentration of 0.01 to 10,000 ppm. Granules, powders, etc., are usually applied directly.

[0178] In addition, this compound or composition A can also be processed into a resin preparation that is rolled around crops, stretched near crops, or laid in the soil around the roots by means of processing it into sheets or threads.

[0179] When this compound or composition A is used to control harmful arthropods inhabiting houses, the dosage, when applied to a surface, is [amount] per 1m². 2 The amount of this compound per unit area treated is typically 0.01–1000 mg, and in the case of treatment in a space, it is calculated per 1 m². 3 The amount of this compound in the treatment space is typically 0.01 to 500 mg. When this compound or composition A is formulated as an emulsion, wettable powder, suspension, etc., it is usually diluted with water and applied at an active ingredient concentration of 0.1 to 10,000 ppm, while oil formulations, aerosols, fumigants, poison baits, etc., are applied directly.

[0180] When this compound or composition A is used to control harmful arthropods or nematodes parasitizing livestock such as cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens, as well as small animals such as dogs, cats, rats, and mice, it can be administered to animals using methods known in veterinary medicine. Specific methods of administration include, for example: oral administration by mixing with tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, or feed; administration by suppositories and injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, etc.); spraying, coating, or dripping with oils, aqueous solutions, spot-on formulations, pour-on formulations, shampoos, lotions, pastes, etc.; or processing resin preparations into collars, ear tags, bracelets, and clothing for wearing. The amount of this compound administered to animals is generally in the range of 0.1 to 1000 mg per kg of animal body weight.

[0181] In addition, this compound or composition A can be used as a control agent for harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes in farmland such as dry fields, paddy fields, lawns, and orchards. Examples of plants that can be cited as examples include the following.

[0182] Corn (dent, flint, soft, popcorn, glutinous, sweet, feed corn), rice (long-grain, short-grain, medium-grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, Javanese, paddy rice, upland rice, floating rice, direct seeding, transplanting, glutinous rice), wheat (bread wheat (dull, soft, medium, red, white), durum wheat, spelt wheat, high-ear wheat, each type of winter wheat, spring wheat), barley (two-row barley (= beer brewing barley)). Hexagonal barley, hullless barley, pearl barley (each with winter and spring barley varieties), rye (winter and spring rye varieties), black wheat (winter and spring black wheat varieties), oats (winter and spring oats), sorghum, cotton (land-growing and bima varieties), soybeans (mature seed harvesting varieties, edamame varieties, and green-harvesting varieties, each with indeterminate, determinate, and semi-determinate growth types), peanuts, buckwheat, and sugar beets (for sugar production, animal feed, root vegetables, leafy vegetables, and fuel). Rapeseed (winter rapeseed type, spring rapeseed type), canola (winter canola type, spring canola type), sunflower (for oil extraction, food, and ornamental use), sugarcane, tobacco, tea tree, mulberry, nightshade vegetables (eggplant, tomato, green pepper, chili pepper, potato, etc.), cucurbitaceous vegetables (cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, cantaloupe, etc.), cruciferous vegetables (radish, turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, etc.). Cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceae vegetables (burdock, chrysanthemum, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), Liliaceae vegetables (scallions, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Apiaceae vegetables (carrots, parsley, celery, parsnips, etc.), Chenopodiaceae vegetables (spinach, sedge, etc.), Lamiaceae vegetables (perilla, mint, basil, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, Japanese yam, taro, pome fruits (apples, European pears, Japanese pears, white pears, quince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peaches, plums, nectarines, green plums). Mume, cherry, apricot, plum, etc.), citrus fruits (Wenzhou mandarin orange, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, etc.), nuts (chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, almond, pistachio, cashew, macadamia nut, etc.), berries (blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc.), grape, persimmon, fig, olive, loquat, banana, coffee, date, coconut, ornamental plants, forest plants, turfgrass, and pasture grasses.

[0183] The above-mentioned plants are any commonly cultivated varieties, without any particular restrictions. These plants also include: plants that can be created through natural mating; plants that can be produced through mutation; F1 hybrids; and genetically recombinant crops. Examples of genetically recombinant crops include: plants conferred resistance to herbicides such as isoxaflutole (HPPD inhibitors, such as 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase), imidazoline, thifensulfuron-methyl (ALS inhibitors, such as ALS inhibitors, such as acetolactate synthase), EPSP (5-enolpyruvate-3-phosphate synthase), glutamine synthase inhibitors, PPO (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitors, bromobenzonitrile, or dicamba; plants capable of synthesizing known selective toxins from Bacillus species such as Bacillus thuringiensis; and plants conferred specific insecticidal activity by inducing gene silencing (RNAi; RNA interference) in target harmful insects through the synthesis of gene fragments partially identical to endogenous genes from harmful insects.

[0184] Example

[0185] The present invention will be further described in detail below using manufacturing examples, formulation examples, and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0186] Compounds 1 to 3 were obtained according to the method for obtaining norzoanthaminone, zoanthaminone, and norzoanthaminone as described in Reference Example 1 of the Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589. Compound 4 was obtained by separation according to the method for obtaining zoanthaminone described in Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.

[0187] Manufacturing Example 1

[0188] Compound 1 was obtained according to Example 1 of the embodiments described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589. The obtained compound 1... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0189] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.91 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.01 (6H, s), 1.09 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 12Hz), 1.16 (3H, s), 1.43-1.60 (3H, m), 1.66-1.79 (2H, m), 1.88-1.92 (1H, m), 1.92 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.09 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 4.7Hz), 2.16 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.19-2.25 (4H, m), 2.37 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 2.51 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 12Hz), 2.64-2.72 (2H, m), 2 .84 (1H, s), 3.23 (1H, t, J = 6.1Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 6.1Hz), 3.67 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 4.55-4.56 (1H, m), 5.92 (1H, s).

[0190] Manufacturing Example 2

[0191] Compound 2 was obtained according to Example 1 of the embodiments described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589. The obtained compound 2... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0192] 1 H-NMR (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.4Hz), 0.98 (3H, s), 1.00 (3H, s), 1.10 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 12Hz), 1.17 (3H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 1 .20 (3H, s), 1.47-1.59 (3H, m), 1.66-1.81 (2H, m), 1.87-1.91 (1H, m), 1.92 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.10 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 4.9Hz), 2.17 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.17-2.30 (3H, m), 2.37 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 2.38-2.46 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 5.5Hz), 2.99- 3.04 (1H, m), 3.22 (1H, s), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 3.67 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 4.54-4.57 (1H, m), 5.92 (1H, s).

[0193] Manufacturing Example 3

[0194] Compound 3 was obtained according to Example 1 of the embodiments described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589. The obtained compound 3... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0195] 1 H-NMR (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6.4Hz), 1.02 (3H, s), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.11 (1H, d, J = 12Hz), 1.28 (3H, s) , 1.41-1.48 (1H, m), 1.53-1.61 (2H, m), 1.76-1.88 (3H, m), 1.97 (1H, dd, J = 12Hz, 5.2Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.2 1-2.32 (2H, m), 2.49-2.76 (4H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 21Hz), 2.97 (1H, s), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 8.4Hz), 3.36 (1H, dd, J=18Hz, 3.4Hz), 3.99 (1H, dd, J=8.4Hz, 6.8Hz), 4.13 (1H, d, J=21Hz), 4.53 (1H, d, J=6.8Hz), 5.91 (1H, s).

[0196] Manufacturing Example 4

[0197] Compound 4 was obtained according to the method for obtaining zoanthaminone described in Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214. The obtained compound 4... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0198] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 0.99 (3H, s), 1.02-1.07 (1H, m), 1.10 (3H, s), 1.17 (3H, d, J = 6.8Hz), 1.25 (3H, s), 1.45-1.89 (6H, m), 2.00 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 4.8Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.14 (1H, dd, J = 18Hz, 11Hz), 2.26-2.32 (1H, m), 2 .55 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 2.61 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 5.4Hz), 2.82 (1H, ddd, J = 14Hz, 11Hz, 3.9Hz), 2.98-3.03 (2H, m), 3.27 (1H, dd , J=18Hz, 3.9Hz), 3.36 (1H, s), 4.01 (1H, dd, J=8.0Hz, 7.0Hz), 4.11 (1H, d, J=20Hz), 4.53 (1H, d, J=7.0Hz), 5.90 (1H, s).

[0199] Manufacturing Example 5

[0200] Compound 5 was obtained according to Example 2 of the embodiments described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-53589. The obtained compound 5... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0201] 1 H-NMR (CD3OD) δ (ppm): 1.02 (3H, s), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 7.4Hz), 1.36 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.49 (1H, t, J = 1 3Hz), 1.64-1.71 (1H, m), 1.82 (1H, d, J = 15Hz), 1.90-1.99 (3H, m), 2.03 (1H, d, J = 15Hz), 2.07 (3H, s), 2.32 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.47-2.76 (8H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 16Hz), 3.16 (1H, d, J = 16Hz), 3.33 (1H, d, J = 15 Hz), 3.34 (1H, s), 4.26 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 6.5Hz), 4.38 (1H, d, J = 13Hz), 4.95-4.97 (1H, m), 5.93 (1H, s).

[0202] Manufacturing Example 6

[0203] Compound 6 is prepared as follows.

[0204] Add 15 drops of 1.2N hydrochloric acid to 2.5 mL of a levomethamine solution (25.5 mg) in methanol, and stir at room temperature for 1 hour. Concentrate the resulting solution under reduced pressure to give 28.5 mg of compound 6. The obtained compound 6... 1 The H-NMR data are shown below.

[0205] 1 H-NMR (CD3OD) δ (ppm): 1.01 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, d, J = 6.3Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J = 7.0Hz), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.47-1.54 (1H, m), 1.68 (1 H, ddd, J=14Hz, 12Hz, 2.3Hz), 1.84 (1H, dd, J=15Hz, 3.5Hz), 1.81-2.03 (3H, m), 1.98 (1H, d, J=15Hz), 2.07 (3H, s), 2.33 (1H, dt, J=14Hz , 3.5Hz), 2.43-2.46 (2H, m), 2.54-2.61 (2H, m), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 5.3Hz), 2.90-2.97 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, dq, J = 7.0Hz, 5.3Hz), 3.20 ( 1H, d, J=15Hz), 3.36 (1H, s), 3.39 (1H, d, J=15Hz), 4.29 (1H, dd, J=13Hz, 6.2Hz), 4.38 (1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.96-4.97 (1H, m), 5.94 (1H, s).

[0206] Next, examples of formulations of this compound are shown. It should be noted that parts refer to parts by weight. Furthermore, compound S refers to compounds 1 through 40.

[0207] Formulation Example 1

[0208] A mixture of 35 parts by weight of a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether ammonium sulfate and silica (1:1), 10 parts by any one of the compounds S, and 55 parts by water were mixed and then micronized using a wet pulverization method to obtain the formulation.

[0209] Formulation Example 2

[0210] The preparation is obtained by pulverizing and mixing 50 parts of any one of the compounds S, 3 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 45 parts of silicon dioxide.

[0211] Formulation Example 3

[0212] The formulation is obtained by mixing 5 parts of any one of the compounds S, 9 parts of polyoxyethylene styrene phenyl ether, 5 parts of polyoxyethylene decyl ether (ethylene oxide addition number: 5), 6 parts of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 75 parts of xylene.

[0213] Formulation Example 4

[0214] Two parts of any one of the compounds S, one part of silicon dioxide, two parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 30 parts of bentonite, and 65 parts of kaolin clay are pulverized and mixed. An appropriate amount of water is added for kneading. The mixture is then granulated using a granulator and dried to obtain the formulation.

[0215] Formulation Example 5

[0216] Mix 10 parts of any one of the compounds S with a mixture of 18 parts benzyl alcohol and 9 parts DMSO, add 6.3 parts of GERONOL (registered trademark) TE250, 2.7 parts of Ethylan (registered trademark) NS-500LQ and 54 parts of solvent naphtha, and mix to obtain the formulation.

[0217] Formulation Example 6

[0218] Mix and dissolve 0.1 parts of any one of the compounds S and 39.9 parts of kerosene, add the mixture to an aerosol container, and fill with 60 parts of liquefied petroleum gas (a mixture of propane, butane and isobutane; saturated vapor pressure: 0.47 MPa (25°C)) to obtain the formulation.

[0219] Formulation Example 7

[0220] Mix 0.2 parts of any one of the compounds S, 50 parts of lees powder extracted from pyrethrum, 30 parts of nanmu powder and 19.8 parts of wood powder, add an appropriate amount of water and knead, then put it into an extruder to make a sheet, and use a punching machine to make it into a spiral shape, thereby obtaining the formulation.

[0221] Next, the efficacy of this compound against harmful arthropods and nematodes is demonstrated through experimental examples. In the following experimental examples, the tests were conducted at 25°C. Furthermore, the untreated area refers to the area where the same procedures as the treated area were performed, except that the test compound was not used.

[0222] Experimental Method 1

[0223] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0224] The diluted solution was applied at a ratio of 20 mL / seedling to cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the 3rd-4th true leaf unfolding stage) planted in containers. Then, 10 third-instar larvae of the beet armyworm were introduced. After 6 days, the number of surviving larvae was counted, and the mortality rate was calculated using the following formula.

[0225] Mortality rate (%) = (1 - number of surviving insects / 10) × 100

[0226] Experimental Example 1-1

[0227] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to Test Method 1. The results showed that all of the following compounds showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0228] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0229] Experimental Method 2

[0230] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0231] The diluted solution was applied at a ratio of 20 mL / seedling to cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the 3rd-4th true leaf unfolding stage) planted in containers. Then, 10 third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth were introduced. After 6 days, the number of surviving larvae was counted, and the mortality rate was calculated using the following formula.

[0232] Mortality rate (%) = (1 - number of surviving insects / 10) × 100

[0233] Experimental Example 2-1

[0234] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 2. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0235] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0236] Experimental Example 2-2

[0237] Formula 1 was prepared instead of Formula 5, with the specified concentration set at 500 ppm. The following compound was used as the test compound, and the test was conducted according to Test Method 2. As a result, the following compound showed an 80% mortality rate.

[0238] This compound: 4

[0239] Test Method 3

[0240] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0241] Approximately 30 cotton aphids (throughout the entire lifespan) were inoculated onto cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings (at the stage of second true leaf unfolding) planted in containers. One day later, the diluted solution was dispersed onto the seedlings at a ratio of 10 mL / seedling. The number of surviving aphids was then investigated after 5 days, and the control value was calculated using the following formula.

[0242] Control value (%) = {1 - (Cb × Tai) / (Cai × Tb)} × 100

[0243] It should be noted that the words in the formula have the following meanings.

[0244] Cb: Number of test insects in the untreated area

[0245] Cai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the untreated area

[0246] Tb: Number of test insects in the treatment area

[0247] Tai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the treatment area

[0248] Experimental Example 3-1

[0249] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 3. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a control value of more than 90%.

[0250] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0251] Experimental Method 4

[0252] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water was added thereto to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0253] The diluted solution was applied at a ratio of 5 mL / seedling to the base of cucumber seedlings planted in containers (at the stage of second true leaf unfolding). Seven days later, approximately 30 cotton aphids (throughout the entire life cycle) were inoculated onto the leaves of the seedlings. The number of surviving aphids was then investigated after 6 days, and the control value was calculated using the following formula.

[0254] Control value (%) = {1 - (Cb × Tai) / (Cai × Tb)} × 100

[0255] It should be noted that the words in the formula have the following meanings.

[0256] Cb: Number of test insects in the untreated area

[0257] Cai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the untreated area

[0258] Tb: Number of test insects in the treatment area

[0259] Tai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the treatment area

[0260] Experimental Example 4-1

[0261] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 4. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a control value of more than 90%.

[0262] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0263] Experimental Method 5

[0264] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0265] The diluted solution was applied at a ratio of 10 mL / seedling to rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings (at the stage of second true leaf unfolding) planted in containers. Then, 20 third-instar larvae of brown planthoppers were introduced. The number of surviving insects was investigated after 6 days, and the mortality rate was calculated using the following formula.

[0266] Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} × 100

[0267] Experimental Example 5-1

[0268] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 5. The results showed that all of the following compounds showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0269] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0270] Experimental Method 6

[0271] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water was added thereto to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0272] Add 5 mL of the diluted solution to a container and place rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings (at the second true leaf unfolding stage) planted in a container with holes at the bottom into it. Seven days later, release 20 third-instar larvae of brown planthoppers. Further investigate the number of surviving planthoppers after 6 days and calculate the mortality rate using the following formula.

[0273] Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} × 100

[0274] Experimental Example 6-1

[0275] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 6. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a mortality rate of over 90%.

[0276] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0277] Test Method 7

[0278] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0279] The diluted solution was applied at a ratio of 10 mL / seedling to cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the stage of second true leaf unfolding) planted in containers. Then, the second true leaf was cut off and placed in a container, into which approximately 20 western flower thrips larvae were introduced. After 6 days, the number of surviving thrips was assessed, and the mortality rate was calculated using the following formula.

[0280] Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} × 100

[0281] Experimental Example 7-1

[0282] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 7. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a mortality rate of over 90%.

[0283] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0284] Experimental Method 8

[0285] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Shindain (registered trademark) was added to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0286] Adult whiteflies were placed on container-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings to allow them to lay eggs for approximately 24 hours. The seedlings were then kept for 8 days, during which the eggs hatched into larvae. The diluted solution was then distributed to the seedling at a ratio of 10 mL per seedling. After 7 days, the number of surviving whiteflies was assessed, and the control value was calculated using the following formula.

[0287] Control value (%) = {1 - (Cb × Tai) / (Cai × Tb)} × 100

[0288] It should be noted that the words in the formula have the following meanings.

[0289] Cb: Number of insects in the untreated area before treatment.

[0290] Cai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the untreated area

[0291] Tb: Number of insects in the treatment area before final treatment

[0292] Tai: Number of surviving insects during the survey of the treatment area

[0293] Experimental Example 8-1

[0294] The specified concentration was set at 200 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to Test Method 8. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a control value of more than 90%.

[0295] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0296] Test Method 9

[0297] The test compound was prepared into a formulation according to the method described in Formulation Example 1, and water was added thereto to prepare a diluted solution containing a specified concentration of the test compound.

[0298] Thirty Culex pipiens pallens larvae of the final instar were introduced into the diluted solution. The condition of the larvae was investigated one day later, and the mortality rate was calculated. The mortality rate was calculated using the following formula.

[0299] Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100

[0300] Experimental Example 9-1

[0301] The specified concentration was set at 3.5 ppm. The following compounds were used as test compounds and tested according to test method 9. The results showed that the following compounds all showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0302] This compound: 1, 2, 3, 4

[0303] Experimental Method 10

[0304] The test compound was dissolved in acetone containing a surfactant and then injected into a 20 mL container to achieve a concentration of 10 mg / mL. 2 The surfactant was 40 mg / m³ 2 The coating is applied evenly to the inner surface of the container and then allowed to dry.

[0305] Add 5 adult female Culex pipiens pallens to the container and cover it. After a specified time, observe the condition of the mosquitoes and calculate the mortality rate. The mortality rate is calculated using the following formula.

[0306] Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100

[0307] Experimental Example 10-1

[0308] The results of the test conducted according to Test Method 10 are shown below. With a specified time of one day, the following compounds were used as test compounds, and all of them showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0309] This compound: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0310] Experimental Method 11

[0311] The test compound was dissolved in acetone containing a surfactant and then injected into a 20 mL container to achieve a concentration of 20 mg / mL. 2 The surfactant was 40 mg / m³ 2 The coating is applied evenly to the inner surface of the container and then allowed to dry.

[0312] Add 10 adult cat fleas to the container and cover it. After a specified time, check the condition of the fleas and calculate the mortality rate. The mortality rate is calculated using the following formula.

[0313] Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100

[0314] Experimental Example 11-1

[0315] The results of the test conducted according to Test Method 11 are shown below. With a specified time of 2 days, the following compounds were used as test compounds, and all of them showed a 100% mortality rate.

[0316] This compound: 1, 2

[0317] Experimental Example 12

[0318] Dissolve 60 mg of compound 1 or 2 in 600 μL of acetone containing 5% Tween 20, then add water to prepare a 60 mL solution.

[0319] Mix 20 mL of the solution with 400 mL of soil contaminated with southern root-knot nematodes, and transplant the roots of healthy tomato seedlings (3-4 leaf stage) into this soil. Immediately after transplanting, irrigate the soil with the remaining 40 mL of the solution.

[0320] Twenty-eight days later, the roots were dug out of the soil and washed with water. The degree of root damage (root knot degree) was investigated according to Zeck’s root knot index (Zeck, WM (1971): Pflanzenschutz-Nachichten. Bayer AG, 24, 141-144.).

[0321] As a result, the root knot index of the treated areas of compounds 1 and 2 was "2". On the other hand, the root knot index of the untreated area was "5". It can be seen that compounds 1 and 2 reduced root knot formation.

[0322] Zeck's root node index

[0323] 0: No root nodes were observed at all.

[0324] 1: Through careful observation, several small root knots can be observed.

[0325] 2: It is easy to identify the same number of small root nodes as in 1.

[0326] 3: There are many small root knots, some of which have merged. The function of the root is basically undamaged.

[0327] 4. There are many small root knots and a few large root knots. Most roots are functional.

[0328] 5: 25% of the roots clearly formed root knots and did not perform their function.

[0329] 6: 50% of the roots clearly form root knots and do not function.

[0330] 7:75% of the roots clearly formed root knots, and the roots lost their regenerative ability.

[0331] 8. Without healthy roots, the plant's nutrient absorption is hindered. The stems and leaves are not yet mature.

[0332] 9: The roots completely covered by root knots are rotting. The plant is on the verge of death.

[0333] 10: Both the plant and its roots died.

[0334] Industrial availability

[0335] This compound exhibits excellent control effects against harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes.

Claims

1. A method for controlling harmful arthropods, which involves applying an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof to the harmful arthropod or its habitat. In formula (I), R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, In equation (I), R 2 and R 3 Each is a hydrogen atom.

3. Use of compositions containing a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof in the control of harmful arthropods. In formula (I), R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

4. The use as described in claim 3, wherein the composition further comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of group (a), group (b), group (c), group (d), and group (e). Group (a): A group consisting of insecticidal active ingredients, acaricidal active ingredients and nematode-killing active ingredients; Group (b): Bactericidal active ingredients; Group (c): Plant growth regulators; Group (d): Repellent component; Group (e): Biological control materials.

5. A method for controlling harmful arthropods, comprising applying an effective amount of the composition of claim 4 to harmful arthropods or their habitats.

6. A method for treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with an effective amount of the compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, or an effective amount of the composition of claim 4. In formula (I), R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

7. A method for manufacturing a seed or vegetative reproductive organ, wherein the seed or vegetative reproductive organ contains an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof, or an effective amount of the composition of claim 4, wherein, Using the method of claim 6, an application of a formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, or a composition of claim 4, to a seed or vegetative reproductive organ is performed. In formula (I), R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

8. Use of compositions containing a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, and an inactive carrier, in the control of harmful arthropods. In formula (I), R 1 Indicates a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 Each represents a hydrogen atom, or R 2 and R 3 Together they represent oxygen groups.

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