A cutter head center mud cake removing structure and a removing method

Abstract

The application discloses a cutter head center mud cake removing structure and method, relates to the technical field of shield machine construction, and solves the technical problem that the existing mud cake cannot be completely cleaned, heat loss of the shield machine is increased, and even a safety hidden danger is caused. The application comprises a cutter head panel, a plurality of spokes are distributed on the upper portion of the cutter head panel, the plurality of spokes divide the cutter head panel into a plurality of installation areas, a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators are arranged on the plurality of installation areas respectively, and the plurality of ultrasonic vibrators are arranged at the center positions of spraying areas of the plurality of nozzles respectively. The plurality of nozzles are communicated with a high-pressure pump water assembly through pipelines respectively, the cutter head panel is divided into a plurality of installation areas, the nozzles of each installation area can spray in a divided area, only the area corresponding to the condensed mud cake is opened, mud cake can be removed more efficiently and more accurately, and the cost of opening the mud cake removing spraying device on a large scale is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel boring machine construction technology, specifically relating to a structure and method for removing mud cake from the center of the cutterhead. Background Technology

[0002] Earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling machines are closed-type shield tunneling machines. During tunneling, the cutterhead at the front rotates and excavates the soil. The excavated soil enters the soil chamber. When the soil chamber is full, the passive earth pressure is basically balanced with the earth and water pressure on the excavation face, resulting in a balanced (i.e., stable) state between the excavation face and the shield face. These shield tunneling machines use a screw conveyor to transport the excavated soil (i.e., the excavated waste soil) to the soil box and then to the surface. However, during tunneling operations, EPB shield tunneling machines may experience challenges due to poor muck removal within the soil chamber or the presence of cohesive soil at the excavation face. The compaction of the cutterhead panel can lead to the accumulation and formation of mud cakes during tunneling. These mud cakes increase the resistance of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), requiring manual entry into the soil chamber for timely cleaning. However, due to factors such as unclear conditions inside the chamber, complex geological formations, and excessive groundwater volume, mud cake cleaning is time-consuming and risky. Furthermore, the compacted mud cakes are often hardened, making them difficult to remove completely, which increases heat loss in the TBM and can even pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a shield machine cutterhead and a method for removing mud cake. By dividing the cutterhead panel into several installation areas, each installation area's nozzle can spray in sections, activating only the area corresponding to the condensed mud cake. This allows for more targeted and efficient removal of mud cake while reducing the cost of large-scale operation of mud cake removal spraying devices.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A tunnel boring machine cutterhead for easy mud cake removal includes a cutterhead panel with several spokes distributed crosswise on its surface. The spokes divide the cutterhead panel into several installation areas. Each installation area is equipped with an ultrasonic vibrator and several nozzles, which are connected to a high-pressure water pump assembly via pipes.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutter head panel is divided into several installation areas, and the nozzles in each installation area can spray in sections, only activating the corresponding area of ​​condensed mud cake. This more targeted and efficient removal of mud cake reduces the cost of large-scale operation of mud cake removal spraying devices. During spraying, the mud cake is softened, making it easier for the ultrasonic vibrator to remove it. The ultrasonic vibrator in the spraying area generates vibration waves that break up the softened mud cake, allowing the jet sprayed from the nozzle to remove it more quickly. The jet velocity provided by the high-pressure pump water assembly can reach 250-610 km / h, generating an impact force of 140-170 MPa on the mud cake surface, causing cavitation. The collapse of cavitation bubbles generates a huge impact force, releasing high energy and enhancing the ability to clean and break up mud cake on the cutter head panel.

[0007] Preferably, the installation areas are fan-shaped, and the line connecting three adjacent nozzles in each installation area forms a triangle. There are multiple ultrasonic vibrators, and each ultrasonic vibrator is located at the center of the triangular area.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the lines connecting the nozzles are divided into triangles of equal area, making the division of the entire spraying area more uniform and reasonable. This reduces the number of nozzles while ensuring full coverage of the installation area. The ultrasonic vibrators are located at the center of the triangular areas, enabling the mud cake in these areas to be vibrated and crushed.

[0009] Preferably, the nozzles are tubular structures, and the nozzles are arranged through the cutter head panel. The end of the nozzle near the outer side is sealed, and the side wall of the nozzle is evenly provided with several water outlets. A support plate is provided on one side of the nozzle, and the side of the support plate away from the nozzle is fixed with the telescopic rod of the telescopic pump via a turntable. The pump body of the telescopic pump is mounted and fixed on the fixed plate.

[0010] Using the above technical solution, in the initial state, the end of the nozzle is flush with the cutter head panel. When removing mud cake, the telescopic pump drives the nozzle to extend from the cutter head panel and expose the water outlet, so that clean water is sprayed out of the water outlet. The turntable can drive the support plate to rotate, and the rotation of the support plate drives the nozzle to rotate, thereby increasing the spraying area of ​​the nozzle.

[0011] Preferably, a mounting plate is provided on the side of the cutter disc away from the nozzle, and a central rotary joint corresponding to the installation area is provided on the mounting plate. Several nozzles are respectively connected to the interior of the central rotary joint in the corresponding area through pipes, and each central rotary joint is respectively connected to the high-pressure water pump assembly through a branch pipe.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the central rotary joint avoids the problem of water inlet obstruction caused by pipe entanglement.

[0013] Preferably, each of the branch pipes is provided with a check valve, a flow meter, a pressure gauge and a first valve in sequence.

[0014] Using the above technical solution, the check valve prevents water backflow, the flow meter calculates the spray water flow of each nozzle, the pressure gauge monitors the pressure data generated by the high-pressure pump unit in the installation area in real time, and the first valve can open and close the high-pressure water flow in the corresponding installation area at will.

[0015] Preferably, the high-pressure pump water assembly includes a main pipe and a high-pressure pump set, the high-pressure pump set is installed on the main pipe, a water tank is connected to the side of the main pipe away from the nozzle, a second valve is connected to the water tank through a pipe, and the main pipe is connected to the nozzle through a pipe.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, the high-pressure pump set is used to generate a high-pressure jet, the water tank is used to provide the high-pressure jet, and the second valve is used to pump water from the outside into the water tank to supply water to the water tank.

[0017] Preferably, the water tank is provided with several partitions inside, the two sides of the partitions are fixed to the inner wall of the water tank respectively, the partitions are spaced apart along the width of the water tank, one of the adjacent partitions has a gap between its bottom end and the bottom wall of the water tank, and the other has a gap between its bottom end and the top of the water tank; a filter is provided at the end of the main pipe that connects to the water tank.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, the baffle is used to support and reinforce the water tank, preventing the water tank from deforming under the pumping of the high-pressure pump set. The filter is used to filter the jet water inside the water tank, preventing the jet water containing impurities from corroding components such as the high-pressure pump set, check valve, flow meter, and pressure gauge.

[0019] Preferably, the ultrasonic vibrator, the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump are each electrically connected to a central control system, and the ultrasonic vibrator, the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump can work together under the control of the control system.

[0020] A method for removing mud cake, employing the aforementioned mud cake removal structure at the center of the cutter head, includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Divide the entire cutter head panel into 1 to N installation areas according to the cross distribution of the spokes. In each installation area, take each nozzle as the center and the spraying distance of each nozzle as the radius to divide it into 1 to A spraying areas. Record the regional positions of 1 to N installation areas and 1 to A spraying areas into the central control system.

[0022] (2) The central control system acquires the tunneling parameter data provided by the shield machine data acquisition system, determines whether mud cake has formed, and if mud cake has formed, further determines which installation area or spraying area it is in.

[0023] (3) The central control system controls the high-pressure pump group to pump the washing water. The central control system controls the telescopic pump corresponding to the spraying area where the mud cake exists, so that the nozzle extends out of the cutter disc panel and exposes the water outlet. The water pumped out by the high-pressure pump group generates high-pressure impact force to continuously wash the mud cake. At the same time, the turntable rotates so that the nozzle sprays evenly in all directions.

[0024] (4) At the same time, the central control system controls the ultrasonic vibrator in the corresponding spraying area to vibrate, thereby accelerating the falling of the mud cake.

[0025] (5) When the mud cake in some installation areas and spraying areas is removed to below the specified amount, the central control system obtains the data of the spraying areas and installation areas where the mud cake has been successfully removed, stops the water output of the nozzles in the corresponding areas and stops the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator, and the nozzles in the remaining areas where the mud cake has not been removed continue to spray high-pressure water, and the ultrasonic vibrator continues to vibrate.

[0026] (6) Successfully remove mud cake from all spraying and installation areas. The central control system receives feedback data and stops the operation of all mud cake removal nozzles and ultrasonic vibrators.

[0027] A tunnel boring machine employs any of the aforementioned cutterheads designed for easy removal of mud cake.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] (1) By dividing the cutter disc panel into several installation areas, the nozzles in each installation area can spray in different areas. Only the area corresponding to the condensed mud cake is turned on, which can remove the mud cake more effectively and efficiently while reducing the cost of turning on the mud cake removal spraying device on a large scale.

[0030] (2) The mud cake is softened while being sprayed. The softened mud cake is easier for the ultrasonic vibrator to remove. The ultrasonic vibrator located in the center of the spraying area generates vibration waves to break up the softened mud cake. The broken mud cake makes the jet sprayed by the nozzle remove the mud cake more quickly. The spraying of the nozzle and the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator work together to improve the efficiency of mud cake removal and make mud cake removal more thorough.

[0031] (3) The jet velocity provided by the high-pressure pump water assembly can reach 250-610km / h, and the impact force generated on the surface of the mud cake is as high as 140-170MPa. Cavitation occurs, and the collapse of the cavitation bubbles will generate huge impact force, releasing high energy and enhancing the ability to clean and break the mud cake on the cutter head panel. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioning of a tunnel boring machine cutterhead that facilitates mud cake removal, as described in this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a tunnel boring machine cutterhead that facilitates mud cake removal in this invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the telescopic pump and the nozzle in this invention.

[0036] Figure Labels

[0037] 1-Cutterhead panel, 2-Nozzle, 3-Ultrasonic vibrator, 4-Spokes, 5-Outlet, 6-Support plate, 7-Turntable, 8-Extendable pump, 9-Fixed plate, 10-Mounting plate, 11-Center rotary joint, 12-Check valve, 13-Flow meter, 14-Pressure gauge, 15-First valve, 16-Branch pipe, 17-Main pipe, 18-High-pressure pump set, 19-Filter, 20-Baffle plate, 21-Water tank, 22-Second valve. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and marked in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] The following is combined with Figures 1-3 The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A tunnel boring machine cutterhead designed for easy removal of mud cake, see attached document. Figure 1 The system includes a cutterhead panel 1, on which six spokes 4 are intersected and distributed. These spokes 4 divide the cutterhead panel 1 into six installation areas. Each installation area is equipped with an ultrasonic vibrator 3 and six nozzles 2, positioned near the spokes 4. Each of the six nozzles 2 is connected to a high-pressure water pump assembly via pipes. By dividing the cutterhead panel 1 into six installation areas, the nozzles 2 in each area can spray in a segmented manner, activating only the corresponding area with condensed mud cake. This more targeted and efficient removal of mud cake reduces the cost of large-scale operation of the mud cake removal spraying device. During spraying, the mud cake is softened, making it easier for the ultrasonic vibrator 3 to remove it. The ultrasonic vibrator 3, located in the spraying area of ​​the nozzle 2, generates vibration waves that break up the softened mud cake. The broken mud cake allows the jet sprayed from the nozzle 2 to remove it more quickly. The jet velocity provided by the high-pressure pump water assembly can reach 250-610 km / h, and the impact force generated on the surface of the mud cake is as high as 140-170 MPa, resulting in cavitation. The collapse of the cavitation bubbles generates a huge impact force, releasing a high amount of energy, which enhances the ability to clean and break up the mud cake on the cutter head panel 1.

[0043] In this embodiment, all six installation areas are fan-shaped, and the line connecting three adjacent nozzles 2 in each installation area forms a triangle. There are multiple ultrasonic vibrators 3, each of which is located at the center of the triangular area, dividing the line connecting the nozzles 2 into triangles of roughly equal area. This makes the division of the entire spraying area more uniform and reasonable, and can fully cover the installation area while reducing the number of nozzles 2. The ultrasonic vibrators 3 are located at the center of the triangular area so that the mud cake in the triangular area can be vibrated and crushed.

[0044] In this embodiment, refer to the appendix. Figure 3 Each installation area has six nozzles 2, which are tubular structures. The nozzles 2 penetrate the cutter head panel 1 and are sealed at the outer end. The sidewall of the nozzle 2 is evenly provided with twelve water outlets 5. A support plate 6 is provided on one side of the nozzle 2. The side of the support plate 6 away from the nozzle 2 is fixed with the telescopic rod of the telescopic pump 8 via a turntable 7. The pump body of the telescopic pump 8 is fixed on the fixed plate 9. In the initial state, the end of the nozzle 2 is flush with the cutter head panel 1. When removing mud cake, the telescopic pump 8 drives the nozzle 2 to extend from the cutter head panel 1, exposing the water outlet 5, so that clean water is sprayed from the water outlet 5. The turntable 7 can drive the support plate 6 to rotate, and the rotation of the support plate 6 drives the nozzle 2 to rotate, thereby increasing the spraying area of ​​the nozzle 2.

[0045] The water outlet 5 is divided into four rows, with each row of water outlet 5 arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle 2.

[0046] In this embodiment, a mounting plate 10 is provided on the side of the cutter disc away from the nozzle 2. A central rotary joint 11 corresponding to the installation area is provided on the mounting plate 10. Several nozzles 2 are respectively connected to the interior of the corresponding central rotary joint 11 through pipes. Each central rotary joint 11 is connected to the high-pressure water pump assembly through a branch pipe 16. The central rotary joint 11 avoids the problem of water inlet obstruction caused by pipe entanglement.

[0047] In this embodiment, each branch pipe 16 is sequentially equipped with a check valve 12, a flow meter 13, a pressure gauge 14, and a first valve 15. The check valve 12 prevents water backflow, the flow meter 13 calculates the spray water flow rate of each nozzle 2, the pressure gauge 14 monitors the pressure data generated by the high-pressure pump group 18 in the installation area in real time, and the first valve 15 can open and close the high-pressure water flow in the corresponding installation area at will.

[0048] In this embodiment, refer to the appendix. Figure 2 The high-pressure pump water assembly includes a main pipe 17 and a high-pressure pump set 18. The high-pressure pump set 18 is installed on the main pipe 17. A water tank 21 is connected to the side of the main pipe 17 away from the nozzle 2. A second valve 22 is connected to the water tank 21 through a pipe. The main pipe 17 is connected to the nozzle 2 through a pipe. The high-pressure pump set 18 is used to generate a high-pressure jet. The water tank 21 is used to provide the high-pressure jet. The second valve 22 is used to pump water from the outside into the water tank 21 to supply water to the water tank 21.

[0049] In this embodiment, the water tank 21 is provided with two partitions 20 inside. The two sides of the two partitions 20 are fixed to the inner wall of the water tank 21 respectively. The two partitions 20 are spaced apart along the width direction of the water tank 21. There is a gap between the bottom end of one of the two adjacent partitions 20 and the bottom wall of the water tank 21, and a gap between the other and the top of the water tank 21. A filter 19 is provided at the end of the main pipe 17 that is connected to the water tank 21. The partitions 20 are used to support and reinforce the water tank 21 to prevent the water tank 21 from deforming under the pumping of the high-pressure pump group 18. The filter 19 is used to filter the jet water inside the water tank 21 to prevent the jet water containing impurities from corroding the high-pressure pump group 18, check valve 12, flow meter 13 and pressure gauge 14 and other components.

[0050] One of the partitions 20 is 1m away from the bottom wall of the water tank 21.

[0051] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibrator 3, the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump 8 are electrically connected to a central control system, and the ultrasonic vibrator 3, the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump 8 can work together under the control of the control system.

[0052] Example 2,

[0053] A method for removing mud cake, employing the aforementioned mud cake removal structure at the center of the cutter head, includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Divide the cutter head panel 1 into 6 installation areas according to the cross distribution of the spokes 4. In each installation area, take each nozzle 2 as the center and the spraying distance of each nozzle 2 as the radius to divide it into 6 spraying areas. Record the regional positions of the 6 installation areas and the 6 spraying areas into the central control system.

[0055] (2) The central control system acquires the tunneling parameter data provided by the shield machine data acquisition system, determines whether mud cake has formed, and if mud cake has formed, further determines which installation area or spraying area it is in.

[0056] (3) The central control system controls the high pressure pump group 18 to pump the washing water. The central control system controls the telescopic pump 8 corresponding to the spraying area where the mud cake exists to extend the nozzle 2 out of the cutter plate 1, thereby exposing the water outlet 5. The water pumped out by the high pressure pump group 18 generates high pressure impact force to continuously wash the mud cake. At the same time, the turntable 7 rotates so that the nozzle 2 sprays evenly in all directions.

[0057] (4) At the same time, the central control system controls the ultrasonic vibrator 3 in the corresponding spraying area to vibrate, thereby accelerating the falling of the mud cake.

[0058] (5) When the mud cake in some installation areas and spraying areas is removed to below the specified amount, the central control system obtains the data of the spraying area and installation area where the mud cake has been successfully removed, and stops the water output of the nozzle 2 in the corresponding area and stops the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator 3. The nozzle 2 in the remaining areas where the mud cake has not been removed continues to spray high-pressure water, and the ultrasonic vibrator 3 continues to vibrate.

[0059] (6) Successfully remove mud cake from all spraying and installation areas. The central control system receives feedback data and stops the operation of all mud cake removal nozzles 2 and ultrasonic vibrators 3.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] A tunnel boring machine employs any of the aforementioned cutterheads designed for easy removal of mud cake.

[0062] It should be noted that:

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A structure for removing clay cake from the center of a cutter head, comprising a cutter head panel (1), wherein a plurality of spokes (4) are intersected on the surface of the cutter head panel (1), characterized in that: The spokes (4) divide the cutter head panel (1) into several installation areas. Each installation area is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator (3) and several nozzles (2). The nozzles (2) are connected to the high-pressure pump water assembly through pipes. The installation areas are all fan-shaped, and the line connecting three adjacent nozzles (2) in each installation area forms a triangle. There are multiple ultrasonic vibrators (3), and each ultrasonic vibrator (3) is located at the center of the triangle. Several nozzles (2) are tubular structures, and several nozzles (2) are arranged through the cutter head panel (1). The nozzle (2) is sealed at one end near the outside. Several water outlets (5) are evenly arranged on the side wall of the nozzle (2). A support plate (6) is provided on one side of the nozzle (2). The telescopic rod of the telescopic pump (8) is fixed on the side of the support plate (6) away from the nozzle (2) through the turntable (7). The pump body of the telescopic pump (8) is installed and fixed on the fixed plate (9). A mounting plate (10) is provided on the side of the cutter disc away from the nozzle (2). A central rotary joint (11) corresponding to the installation area is provided on the mounting plate (10). Each central rotary joint (11) is connected to the high-pressure pump water assembly through a branch pipe (16). Each of the branch pipes (16) is sequentially equipped with a check valve (12), a flow meter (13), a pressure gauge (14), and a first valve (15). The ultrasonic vibrator (3), the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump (8) are electrically connected to a central control system, and the ultrasonic vibrator (3), the high-pressure water pump assembly, and the telescopic pump (8) can work together under the control of the control system.

2. The structure for removing the clay cake at the center of the cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several of the nozzles (2) are connected to the interior of the corresponding area center rotary joint (11) through pipes.

3. A structure for removing the center cake of a cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The high-pressure pump water assembly includes a main pipe (17) and a high-pressure pump set (18). The high-pressure pump set (18) is installed on the main pipe (17). A water tank (21) is connected to the side of the main pipe (17) away from the nozzle (2). A second valve (22) is connected to the water tank (21) through a pipe. The main pipe (17) is connected to the nozzle (2) through a pipe.

4. The structure for removing the clay cake at the center of the cutter head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water tank (21) is provided with several partitions (20) inside. The two sides of the partitions (20) are fixed to the inner wall of the water tank (21) respectively. The partitions (20) are spaced apart along the width direction of the water tank (21). The bottom end of one of the two adjacent partitions (20) has a gap with the bottom wall of the water tank (21), and the other has a gap with the top of the water tank (21). A filter (19) is provided at the end of the main pipe (17) that is connected to the water tank (21).

5. A method for removing mud cake, characterized in that, The method for removing the center cake of the cutter head using any one of claims 1-4 includes the following steps: (1) Divide the cutter head panel (1) into 1 to N installation areas according to the cross distribution of the spokes (4). In each installation area, take each nozzle (2) as the center and the spraying distance of each nozzle (2) as the radius, and divide it into 1 to A spraying areas. Record the location of the 1 to N installation areas and the 1 to A spraying areas into the central control system. (2) The central control system acquires the tunneling parameter data provided by the shield machine data acquisition system, determines whether mud cake has formed, and if mud cake has formed, further determines which installation area or spraying area it is in; (3) The central control system controls the high pressure pump group (18) to pump the washing water. The central control system controls the telescopic pump (8) corresponding to the spraying area where the mud cake exists, and extends the nozzle (2) out of the cutter plate (1) to expose the water outlet (5). The water pumped out by the high pressure pump group (18) generates high pressure impact force to continuously wash the mud cake. At the same time, the turntable (7) rotates so that the nozzle (2) sprays evenly in all directions. (4) At the same time, the central control system controls the ultrasonic vibrator (3) in the corresponding spraying area to vibrate, thereby accelerating the falling of the mud cake; (5) When the mud cake in some installation areas and spraying areas is removed to below the specified amount, the central control system obtains the data of the spraying area and installation area where the mud cake has been successfully removed, and stops the water output of the nozzle (2) in the corresponding area and stops the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator (3). The nozzle (2) in the remaining areas where the mud cake has not been removed continues to spray high-pressure water, and the ultrasonic vibrator (3) continues to vibrate. (6) Successfully remove the mud cake from all spraying and installation areas. The central control system receives feedback data and stops the operation of all mud cake removal nozzles (2) and ultrasonic vibrators (3).

6. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The removal structure of the center cake of the cutter head according to any one of claims 1-4 is adopted.

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