Construction method for transporting muck at the bottom of ultra-large highway tunnels

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel, relating to the field of tunnel construction. The method includes the following steps: Step S1, during forward excavation, backfilling the excavated material while maintaining only the minimum passable width and height; Step S2, during cleaning, first turning the excavated material towards the tunnel face before loading and unloading, providing space for the invert arch drainage operation. This method utilizes a high-powered excavator to first remove and clean the excavated material from the tunnel bottom, using the excavated material as a base to form a two-lane transport channel for the upper and middle benches. Under these conditions, the amount of backfilled material at the tunnel bottom is minimized, ensuring that the hydraulic trestle can be moved forward immediately to open the invert arch working face. The trestle transport channel is then used to transport the excavated material from the tunnel bottom and the excavated material from the upper, middle, and lower benches. Mechanical equipment can be deployed to assist in the loading of the upper, middle, and lower benches, improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically a method for transporting muck at the bottom of ultra-large span highway tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] The loading and unloading of muck in highway tunnels mainly relies on the combined use of excavators, loaders, and dump trucks. This method is widely used in tunnel projects.

[0003] Currently, tunnel muck loading and unloading is usually carried out on a single working face after the working face is ready for muck removal. However, due to the discontinuous operation time of the upper, middle and lower working faces of the tunnel, there are often long periods of idle time for mechanical equipment, resulting in a waste of mechanical working time. Therefore, we have proposed a construction method for muck transfer at the bottom of ultra-large span highway tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for transporting muck at the bottom of ultra-large span highway tunnels. This method solves the problem of wasted mechanical working time caused by the discontinuous operation time of the upper, middle and lower working faces of the tunnel, which often results in long periods of idle time for mechanical equipment.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: During the forward excavation process, the backfilling of the excavated material retains only the minimum passage width and height;

[0009] Step S2: When cleaning slag, first turn the slag towards the working face before loading and unloading to provide space for the invert arch drainage operation.

[0010] Preferably, a high-powered excavator is used to first remove the slag and clean the bottom of the tunnel, and the slag from the tunnel bottom is used as a base to form a two-lane slag transport channel for the upper and middle steps. Under this condition, the amount of slag backfilled at the bottom of the tunnel is reduced, ensuring that the hydraulic trestle can be moved forward to open up the invert arch working face as soon as possible. Then, the trestle transport channel is used to transport the slag from the bottom of the tunnel and the slag from the upper, middle and lower steps, and mechanical equipment for the upper, middle and lower steps is deployed to assist in the transport, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

[0011] Preferably, before the muck is transferred from the tunnel bottom, the visibility conditions are good, the air quality indicators are tested and meet the requirements, the blasting engineer checks the blasting effect, removes duds, clears dangerous rocks, and the muck removal operation is carried out after safety is confirmed.

[0012] Preferably, it facilitates the control of the invert arch step distance; the invert arch is prioritized for muck removal, and a trestle bridge passage is established to avoid the inability to unfold the working face due to muck removal.

[0013] Preferably, during the excavation of the invert arch, the excavated material is advanced to the side of the lower bench and the same side of the middle bench, and the excavated material is used to pave the middle and lower benches.

[0014] Preferably, a hydraulic trestle can be erected after the slag in the invert arch tunnel is cleared, and the hydraulic trestle can be used as the slag discharge channel for subsequent slag removal.

[0015] This invention discloses a method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of ultra-large span highway tunnels, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The construction method for transporting muck at the bottom of the super-large span highway tunnel is as follows: reverse muck removal from the invert arch: during the forward excavation process, the backfilling of the muck is only maintained with the minimum passage width and height (about 7*1m). When removing muck, the muck is first turned towards the working face and then loaded and unloaded, which provides space for the drainage operation of the invert arch and is conducive to the control of the invert arch step distance; the muck is removed from the invert arch first, and a trestle bridge passage is established to avoid the inability to unfold the working face due to muck removal.

[0017] 2. The construction method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of the ultra-large span highway tunnel involves using a high-powered excavator to first remove and clean the excavated material from the bottom of the tunnel. This material is then used as a base to form a two-lane transport channel for the excavated material on the upper and middle steps. Under these conditions, the amount of backfill material at the bottom of the tunnel is reduced, ensuring that the hydraulic trestle can be moved forward to open up the invert arch working face as soon as possible. The trestle transport channel is then used to transport the excavated material from the bottom of the tunnel as well as the excavated material from the upper, middle and lower steps. Mechanical equipment is also deployed to assist in the transport of the excavated material from the upper, middle and lower steps, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

[0018] 3. The construction method for transporting muck at the bottom of the tunnel of this super-large span highway is as follows: before transporting muck at the bottom of the tunnel, the visibility conditions must be good, all air indicators must be tested and meet the requirements, the blasting engineer must check the blasting effect, remove duds, clear dangerous rocks, and carry out muck removal operation after confirming safety. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel excavation process of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel muck removal process according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This application provides a method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of a super-large highway tunnel. This method solves the problem of wasted mechanical working time caused by the discontinuous operation time of the upper, middle, and lower working faces of the tunnel, which often results in long periods of idle time for mechanical equipment. The method uses a high-powered excavator to first remove and clean the excavated material from the bottom of the tunnel, and then uses the excavated material from the bottom of the tunnel to pave the tunnel, forming a two-lane excavated material transport channel for the upper and middle steps. Under this condition, the amount of backfill material at the bottom of the tunnel is minimized, ensuring that the hydraulic trestle can be moved forward to open up the invert arch working face as soon as possible. Then, the trestle transport channel is used to transport the excavated material from the bottom of the tunnel and the excavated material from the upper, middle, and lower steps. Mechanical equipment for the upper, middle, and lower steps can be deployed to assist in the loading, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

[0024] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0025] This invention discloses a method for transporting slag from the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel.

[0026] According to the appendix Figure 1-2 As shown, the transfer and construction method includes the following steps:

[0027] Step S1: During the forward excavation process, the backfilling of the excavated material retains only the minimum passage width and height;

[0028] Step S2: When cleaning slag, first turn the slag towards the working face before loading and unloading to provide space for the invert arch drainage operation.

[0029] Preferably, a high-powered excavator is used to first remove the slag and clean the bottom of the tunnel, and the slag from the tunnel bottom is used as a base to form a two-lane slag transport channel for the upper and middle steps. Under this condition, the amount of slag backfilled at the bottom of the tunnel is reduced, ensuring that the hydraulic trestle can be moved forward to open up the invert arch working face as soon as possible. Then, the trestle transport channel is used to transport the slag from the bottom of the tunnel and the slag from the upper, middle and lower steps, and mechanical equipment for the upper, middle and lower steps is deployed to assist in the transport, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

[0030] Preferably, before the muck is transferred from the tunnel bottom, the visibility conditions are good, the air quality indicators are tested and meet the requirements, the blasting engineer checks the blasting effect, removes duds, clears dangerous rocks, and the muck removal operation is carried out after safety is confirmed.

[0031] Preferably, it facilitates the control of the invert arch step distance; the invert arch is prioritized for muck removal, and a trestle bridge passage is established to avoid the inability to unfold the working face due to muck removal.

[0032] Preferably, during the excavation of the invert arch, the excavated material is advanced to the side of the lower bench and the same side of the middle bench, and the excavated material is used to pave the middle and lower benches.

[0033] Preferably, a hydraulic trestle can be erected after the slag in the invert arch tunnel is cleared, and the hydraulic trestle can be used as the slag discharge channel for subsequent slag removal.

[0034] Before excavating sections with unfavorable geological conditions, pre-reinforcement and pre-support should be carried out. When there are signs of geological changes ahead or when the boundary of the surrounding rock is approaching, the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the tunnel must be investigated using methods such as ground-penetrating radar, pilot tunnels, and advance exploration before excavation can proceed. Under-excavation should be strictly controlled. When the rock is hard and intact, individual protruding parts of the rock (not exceeding 0.1㎡ per 1㎡) are allowed to protrude into the lining section. During anchor-sprayed support, the protrusion should not exceed 30mm, and during lining, it should not exceed 50mm. Under-excavation is strictly prohibited within 1m above the arch foot and wall foot.

[0035] The excavation outline should be designed to accommodate settlement and deformation, and timely adjustments should be made using monitoring and measurement feedback. Blasting vibrations should be strictly controlled during tunnel blasting. Initial shotcreting support should be carried out promptly after removing loose rocks during tunnel excavation.

[0036] Bench excavation: The benches are controlled at a certain distance to accommodate machinery operations and minimize the amount of muck removal work; support and temporary support must follow closely, and the support should be formed into a ring in a timely manner; the benches should be divided into fewer layers so that the muck loading machinery is close to the excavation face to reduce the distance of muck removal; a platform should be left at the edge of the bottom arch foot of the lower section excavation to ensure the stability of the arch ring; the bottom is excavated in layers or by grooving at one time.

[0037] High-powered excavators are used to first remove and clear the slag from the tunnel bottom, and the slag from the tunnel bottom is used as a base to form a two-lane slag transport channel for the upper and middle benches. Under these conditions, the amount of slag backfilled at the bottom of the tunnel is minimized, and the hydraulic trestle is moved forward as soon as possible to open up the invert arch working face. The trestle transport channel is then used to transport the slag from the bottom of the tunnel and the slag from the upper, middle and lower benches. Mechanical equipment for the upper, middle and lower benches can be deployed to assist in the transport, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

[0038] Reverse muck removal from the invert: During forward excavation, backfilling of the muck only retains the minimum passage width and height (approximately 7*1m). When removing muck, first turn the muck towards the working face before loading and unloading, providing space for the invert's drainage and waterproofing operations, which is conducive to controlling the invert's step distance; the invert is prioritized for muck removal, and a trestle bridge passage is established to avoid the inability to unfold the working face due to muck removal.

[0039] Before transferring the muck at the bottom of the tunnel, the visibility conditions must be good, all air quality indicators must be tested and found to meet the requirements, the blasting engineer must check the blasting effect, remove any duds, clear any loose rocks, and after confirming safety, the muck removal operation can proceed.

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel, characterized in that: The transfer and construction method includes the following steps: Step S1: During the forward excavation process, the backfilling of the excavated material retains only the minimum passage width and height; Step S2: When cleaning slag, first turn the slag towards the working face before loading and unloading to provide space for the invert arch drainage operation; High-powered excavators were used to first remove and clear the slag from the tunnel bottom, and the slag from the tunnel bottom was used as a base to form a two-lane slag transport channel for the upper and middle steps. Under these conditions, the amount of slag backfilled at the bottom of the tunnel was reduced, and the hydraulic trestle was moved forward to open up the invert arch working face as soon as possible. The trestle transport channel was then used to transport the slag from the bottom of the tunnel and the slag from the upper, middle and lower steps. Mechanical equipment for the upper, middle and lower steps was also deployed to assist in the transport, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert arch construction.

2. The method for transporting muck at the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before transferring the muck at the bottom of the tunnel, the visibility conditions must be good, all air quality indicators must be tested and found to meet the requirements, the blasting engineer must check the blasting effect, remove any duds, clear any loose rocks, and after confirming safety, the muck removal operation can proceed.

3. The method for transporting excavated material from the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It facilitates the control of the invert arch step distance; the invert arch prioritizes muck removal, and a trestle bridge passage is established to avoid the working face being unable to unfold due to muck removal.

4. The method for transporting muck at the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the excavation of the invert arch, the excavated material is pushed into the lower bench side and the same side of the middle bench, and the excavated material is used to pave the middle and lower bench side.

5. The method for transporting muck at the bottom of a super-large span highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the slag in the invert tunnel is cleared, a hydraulic trestle is erected, and the slag is then discharged through the hydraulic trestle.

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