Shaft portal construction directional measurement method and center line steel wire adjusting device

Abstract

The application provides a shaft portal construction directional measurement method and a center line steel wire adjusting device. Only one center line steel wire needs to be put in the portal directional measurement process, and the center line steel wire is used for a long time in the shaft excavation construction process, and the putting process is convenient. A total station instrument is used to observe the steel wire and make a fixed mark on the shaft bottom working face, which greatly reduces the influence of the steel wire swing on the directional measurement. A gyro theodolite is used to measure the azimuth, and the precision is high. Meanwhile, the swing track can be recorded to form a calibration line through the calibration recording assembly, and the calibration line can be compared and calibrated with the intersection position, which further improves the measurement accuracy and ensures the normal operation of the shaft portal construction. The application can solve the problems of long time consumption and low precision in the traditional portal directional measurement process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole measurement technology, and in particular to a method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate and a centerline wire adjustment device. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of the vertical shaft, the construction of the gate has always been a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. Currently, the method used for directional measurement in the construction of the gate is to place two steel wires (one wire at the center point of the shaft and the other on the direction line of the gate) on the alignment plate at the shaft opening to the working face at the bottom of the shaft. The two steel wires are stabilized by a suspended weight, and the direction of the gate is determined by the aiming method. The direction of the gate is then marked by installing measuring nails on both sides of the shaft wall.

[0003] This method has the following drawbacks: 1. When the well depth is large, the time required to deploy and retrieve the two steel wires is long, resulting in a long cycle for directional measurement and low efficiency; 2. When deploying the steel wire in the direction of the manhole, holes need to be cut at the corresponding positions when passing through the wellhead fixing plate and the downhole hoisting plate, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive; 3. When the well depth is too large, the swing amplitude of the steel wire rope is large and it is not easy to stabilize. Relying on human eye to aim the line will result in a large error, which may cause the manhole to deviate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate and a centerline steel wire adjustment device. This invention can solve the problems of long time consumption and low accuracy in the traditional gate directional measurement process.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate includes the following steps: S1: Deploy the centerline steel wire to the working surface at the elevation of the horse-head gate, install a counterweight element at the end of the centerline steel wire, and reduce the swing of the centerline steel wire; S2. Using an angle measuring instrument, observe the first and second extreme positions of the centerline wire swing in two directions multiple times, record the observation results and calculate the average value to obtain the average angle. Then rotate the angle measuring instrument to this average angle and mark the directions of the two average angles respectively. S3. Place a flat marking and positioning plate below the centerline wire, and use a marker to draw two marking lines on the marking and positioning plate in the direction of the two average angles respectively. The intersection of the two marking lines is used as the coordinates in the well. S4. Set up an azimuth positioning instrument on the well coordinates marked on the marking and positioning plate using a plumb line, install a backsight pin inside the well wall as a backsight point, operate the azimuth positioning instrument to determine and calculate the backsight azimuth angle from the well coordinates to the backsight pin. S5. Calculate the difference β between the backsight azimuth and the design azimuth of the horse-head gate, rotate the azimuth positioning instrument by the corresponding angle β to the design azimuth of the horse-head gate to determine the direction of the horse-head gate; install horse-head gate direction measuring nails on the well walls at both ends of the corresponding direction of the horse-head gate.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the centerline wire rope is deployed to the working surface at the elevation of the horse-head gate using a centerline winch on a fixed plate.

[0007] Preferably, in step S4, a backsight pin should be installed at a location with good visibility through the well wall as a backsight point.

[0008] Preferably, in step S5, several parallel-arranged directional measuring nails for the horse-head gate can be installed on both sides at different heights.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the counterweight element and the center wire are positioned by adjusting the equipment, so that the center wire and the counterweight element swing from a stationary state at a predetermined position.

[0010] Preferably, during the swing of the centerline wire, the direction of the swing is recorded by the adjustment device to obtain the calibration line of the centerline wire on the horizontal projection plane. The intersection of the two marking lines is compared with the calibration line to finally obtain the coordinates in the well.

[0011] Preferably, the angle measuring instrument is selected as a total station, and the azimuth positioning instrument is selected as a gyrotheodolite.

[0012] A centerline wire adjustment device, comprising: Installation main body; A limiting device is provided on the first side of the upper end of the mounting body, including a winding device, the winding device including a winding rope, and the end of the winding rope is bolted with a limiting component; A calibration device, located on the second side of the upper end of the mounting body, includes a calibration recording component; Specifically, the center wire is limited by a limiting device, and the center wire and counterweight are allowed to swing from a stationary state at a predetermined position; during the swinging process of the center wire and counterweight, the swing trajectory is recorded by a calibration recording component to form a calibration line.

[0013] Preferably, the surface of the mounting body has an observation window, and the calibration recording component is slidably connected to the surface of the mounting body via a first sliding track.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting component is selected as an electromagnetic limiting component, and the winding device is slidably connected to the surface of the mounting body via a second sliding rail.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The method described in this invention completes the orientation measurement of the shaft head using only one centerline steel wire. The orientation process eliminates the need to place another steel wire, which is required in the traditional method. Furthermore, the centerline steel wire rope is used continuously during the shaft excavation and lining process, eliminating the need for additional placement. This saves time on steel wire rope deployment and the drilling operations involving the fixing plate and the hoisting plate during the steel wire rope lowering process, making it convenient and efficient.

[0016] 2. The method described in this invention uses a total station to observe the swing of the centerline wire rope and marks the average swing angle on a placed steel plate, reducing the error of the wire rope swing on the orientation measurement results. Simultaneously, compared to traditional methods that rely on human eye alignment, this method uses a gyrotheodolite to determine the required orientation of the gate, greatly improving the accuracy of orientation measurement. The gate constructed using this method can accommodate the continued construction of a certain length of extended tunnel.

[0017] 3. Simultaneously, the adjustment device can control the position of the centerline steel wire, allowing it to swing from a stationary state, reducing the influence of manual control over the steel wire, improving the automation level of detection, and increasing detection efficiency; at the same time, the calibration recording component can record the swing trajectory to form a calibration line, which can be compared and calibrated with the intersection position, further improving the accuracy of measurement and ensuring the normal progress of the underground gate construction. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the projection method and total station observation method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method for marking wells using a total station according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the method for setting up a gyrotheodolite according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the method for calibrating direction lines using a gyrotheodolite according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the adjustment device of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Centerline wire; 101. First side limit position; 102. Second side limit position; 2. Centerline winch; 3. Fixed disc; 4. Angle measuring instrument; 5. Counterweight element; 6. Marking and positioning plate; 601. Well coordinates; 7. Azimuth locator; 8. Plumb line; 9. Backsight pin; 10. Backsight azimuth; 11. Design azimuth angle of the gate; 12. Direction pin of the gate; 13. Main installation body; 131. Observation window; 14. Calibration device; 141. First sliding rail; 142. Calibration recording component; 15. Limiting device; 151. Second sliding rail; 152. Winding device; 153. Limiting component. Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] See attached document Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 A method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate includes the following steps: S1: Place the centerline steel wire 1 onto the working surface at the elevation of the horse head gate. Install a counterweight element 5 at the end of the centerline steel wire 1 and reduce the swing of the centerline steel wire 1. The counterweight element 5 can be a weighted roller, which can play the role of counterweight at the end, so that the centerline steel wire 1 can swing slightly after being placed onto the working surface at the elevation of the horse head gate, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent coordinate measurement.

[0022] S2. Using the angle measuring instrument 4, observe the swing of the centerline steel wire 1 at the first extreme position 101 and the second extreme position 102 in two directions multiple times. Record the observation results and calculate the average value to obtain the average angle. Then rotate the angle measuring instrument 4 to this average angle and mark the directions of the two average angles respectively. The angle measuring instrument 4 can be a total station. The two different positions should intersect with the swing direction of the centerline steel wire 1. During the swing of the centerline steel wire 1, the swing angle should be controlled within a small range. After multiple measurements, the average angle is obtained.

[0023] S3. Place a flat marking and positioning plate 6 below the centerline steel wire 1, and use a marker to draw two marking lines on the marking and positioning plate 6 in the directions of the two average angles respectively. The intersection of the two marking lines is taken as the well coordinate 601. The marking and positioning plate 6 can be a steel plate. After measuring the average angle, mark the two directions to obtain the marking lines. The intersection of the two marking lines is taken as the well coordinate 601. The marking lines can be obtained by the staff laying lines from both ends for positioning.

[0024] S4. Set up an azimuth positioning instrument 7 on the well coordinate 601 marked on the marking and positioning plate 6 using a plumb line 8. Install a backsight pin 9 inside the well wall as a backsight point. Operate the azimuth positioning instrument 7 to measure and calculate the backsight azimuth angle 10 from the well coordinate 601 to the backsight pin 9. The azimuth positioning instrument 7 can be a gyro theodolite, and the backsight pin 9 should be installed at a position with good visibility from the well wall as a backsight point to facilitate measurement for subsequent maintenance and inspection positioning, and to ensure the normal progress of the inspection and positioning process.

[0025] S5. Calculate the difference β between the backsight azimuth 10 and the design azimuth 11 of the gate, and rotate the azimuth positioning instrument 7 to the corresponding angle β to determine the direction of the gate. Install the gate direction measuring nails 12 on the well walls at both ends of the corresponding direction of the gate. Several gate direction measuring nails 12 can be installed side by side at different heights to complete the gate orientation measurement. During the subsequent construction of the gate, the direction of the gate can be located by the gate direction measuring nails 12 to ensure the normal progress of the gate construction process.

[0026] It should be noted that in step S1, the centerline wire 1 is deployed to the working face at the elevation of the manhole using the centerline winch 2 on the fixed plate 3. The centerline winch 2 is electrically controlled. The operator is located at the top and installs a counterweight 5 at the end of the centerline wire 1. The counterweight 5 is deployed at a predetermined rate to drive the centerline wire 1 down until the centerline wire 1 is located at the working face at the elevation of the manhole, so that it can be observed and detected by the angle measuring instrument 4, thus completing the detection of the swing angle of the centerline wire 1.

[0027] Manual control of the centerline wire 1 has certain deviations. Initially, forces at different angles cause inaccurate measurements of the centerline wire 1's swing limit position, increasing the measurement cycle. To improve the accuracy of downhole measurements and shorten the downhole inspection cycle, in step S1, the counterweight element 5 and the centerline wire 1 are positioned by adjusting the equipment, allowing them to swing from a stationary state at a predetermined position. By controlling the counterweight element 5 and the centerline wire 1 with the adjusting equipment, the centerline wire 1 can swing from a predetermined position at a predetermined angle from a stationary state. This can be adjusted according to downhole requirements and an automatic control program can be set, eliminating the need for manual control of the centerline wire 1. This improves the control accuracy of the centerline wire 1, increases the efficiency of downhole measurements of the headstock, and shortens the measurement cycle.

[0028] Furthermore, during the swing of the centerline steel wire 1, the direction of the swing is recorded by the adjustment device, obtaining the calibration line of the centerline steel wire 1 on the horizontal projection plane. The intersection position of the two marked lines is compared with the calibration line to finally obtain the well coordinate 601. At this time, the calibration line can also be determined by the staff laying lines at both ends. By judging whether the intersection position is on the calibration line, the accuracy of the intersection position can be judged. For intersection positions with deviations, the operators can repeatedly measure until the positions of the three lines coincide and are controlled within the predetermined error range. Obtaining the calibration line in the above way can further improve the accuracy of obtaining the well coordinate 601, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the orientation measurement and construction of the vertical shaft gate.

[0029] It should be noted that the above-mentioned calibration line can be obtained in various ways. For example, a vertical laser emitting element can be installed at the end of the counterweight element 5 and located in the center. The trajectory of the laser image movement can be recorded by a photosensitive material or a camera device. Similarly, an image detection device can be set at the bottom of the centerline steel wire 1, which can analyze the image based on the swinging process of the centerline steel wire 1 and the counterweight element 5, thereby obtaining the motion trajectory of the centerline steel wire 1 and the counterweight element 5 and obtaining the coordinates of the calibration line.

[0030] See attached document Figure 5 -Appendix Figure 6 A centerline steel wire adjustment device includes components such as an installation body 13, a calibration device 14, and a limiting device 15. The installation body 13 is moved to a predetermined position below the centerline steel wire 1. The limiting device 15 limits the centerline steel wire 1. A control component controls the connection between the limiting device 15 and the centerline steel wire 1. During testing, the connection is severed, allowing the centerline steel wire 1 and the counterweight element 5 to swing from a stationary state. Simultaneously, the calibration device 14 records the swing position of the centerline steel wire 1 and the counterweight element 5, obtaining a calibration line. This line is compared with the measured intersection position to obtain precise well coordinates 601, ensuring accurate subsequent directional measurement and construction of the vertical shaft gate. The mounting body 13 is equipped with casters at the bottom, allowing surveyors to move the mounting body 13 to the designated position at the bottom of the well.

[0031] The limiting device 15 is located on the first side of the upper end of the mounting body 13, and includes a winding device 152. The winding device 152 includes a winding rope, and the end of the winding rope is bolted to a limiting component 153. The limiting component 153 can be an electromagnetic limiting component, and the winding device 152 is slidably connected to the surface of the mounting body 13 through a second sliding rail 151. The counterweight element 5 is made of magnetic material. In the initial stage, the surface of the counterweight element 5 is magnetically attracted by the electromagnetic limiting component. After attraction, the winding device 152 controls the position of the limiting component 153 and the counterweight element 5 after magnetic attraction. The winding device 152 is located on the outside. During the traction process, the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5 can be deflected to the predetermined position on the outside. During the measurement process, the electromagnetic limiting component is de-energized and loses its magnetism. At this time, the two are disconnected, and the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5 can swing freely from the predetermined position to realize the swing control of the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5.

[0032] It should be noted that the winding device 152 can be adjusted to different positions according to the depth of the well to adjust the deflection angle of the center wire 1 and meet the detection requirements under different conditions. At the same time, the electromagnetic limiter can effectively control the counterweight element 5 and the center wire 1, and can quickly disconnect without affecting the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5. In addition, it magnetically attracts the counterweight element 5 from the bottom, which can prevent the counterweight element 5 from shaking during the subsequent swing. It can ensure the rated posture during swing, ensure the accurate and consistent position of the center wire 1 during the swing, and ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

[0033] The calibration device 14 is located on the second side of the upper end of the mounting body 13 and includes a calibration recording component 142. The center wire 1 is limited by the limiting device 15, and the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5 swing from a stationary state at a predetermined position. During the swing of the center wire 1 and the counterweight element 5, the calibration recording component 142 records the swing trajectory to form a calibration line. The measurement personnel record and determine the calibration line, which facilitates the comparison of the intersection position of the swing measurement of the center wire 1 in the subsequent measurement, so as to ensure the accuracy of the final measurement result.

[0034] The aforementioned calibration recording component 142 can select a variety of measurement methods, such as using laser detection to enhance the display of the oscillation traces, and recording the enhanced trajectory through manual comparison or image detection equipment comparison to achieve the formation of calibration lines.

[0035] Furthermore, an observation window 131 is provided on the surface of the mounting body 13. The calibration recording component 142 is slidably connected to the surface of the mounting body 13 via the first sliding rail 141. By setting the first sliding rail 141, the calibration recording component 142 can be slid to different positions to meet the requirements of trajectory detection. At the same time, it can be staggered, allowing the upper calibration line to be directly compared with the lower marker positioning plate 6, thereby determining whether the intersection position of the two marker lines is accurate. This eliminates the need for moving the equipment and improves the efficiency of the comparison.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Drop the centerline steel wire (1) to the working surface at the elevation of the horse head gate, install the counterweight element (5) at the end of the centerline steel wire (1), and reduce the swing of the centerline steel wire (1); S2. Using the angle measuring instrument (4), observe the first side limit position (101) and the second side limit position (102) of the centerline steel wire (1) multiple times in two directions, record the observation results and calculate the average value to obtain the average angle, then rotate the angle measuring instrument (4) to this average angle and make marks in the directions of the two average angles respectively. S3. Place a flat marking and positioning plate (6) below the centerline wire (1), and draw two marking lines on the marking and positioning plate (6) in the direction of the two average angles respectively. The intersection of the two marking lines is used as the coordinate (601) in the well. S4. Set up an azimuth positioning instrument (7) on the well coordinates (601) marked on the marking positioning plate (6) through a plumb line (8), install a backsight pin (9) inside the well wall as a backsight point, operate the azimuth positioning instrument (7) to determine and calculate the backsight azimuth angle (10) from the well coordinates (601) to the backsight pin (9). S5. Calculate the difference β between the backsight azimuth (10) and the design azimuth (11) of the horse-head gate, rotate the azimuth positioning instrument (7) to the corresponding angle β to the design azimuth (11) of the horse-head gate to determine the direction of the horse-head gate; install the horse-head gate direction measuring nail (12) on the well wall at both ends of the corresponding direction of the horse-head gate.

2. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the center wire (1) is dropped to the working surface at the elevation of the horse head gate by using the center winch (2) on the fixed plate (3).

3. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, a backsight pin (9) should be installed at a location with good visibility through the well wall as a backsight point.

4. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, several parallel-arranged directional measuring nails (12) for the horse-head gate are installed on both sides at different heights.

5. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the counterweight element (5) and the center wire (1) are positioned by adjusting the equipment, so that the center wire (1) and the counterweight element (5) swing from a stationary state at a predetermined position.

6. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the swing of the centerline wire (1), the direction of the swing of the centerline wire (1) is recorded by the adjustment device, and the calibration line of the centerline wire (1) on the horizontal projection plane is obtained. The intersection of the two marking lines is compared with the calibration line to finally obtain the coordinates (601) in the well.

7. The method for directional measurement during the construction of a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle measuring instrument (4) is selected as a total station, and the azimuth positioning instrument (7) is selected as a gyro theodolite.

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