Physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing salt tolerance of rice

Abstract

The application discloses a physiological and biochemical regulation agent for enhancing salt tolerance of rice, which is composed of root application regulation agent and foliar application regulation agent; the root application regulation agent is composed of 10-20% of component 1, 20-40% of component 2, 20-30% of component 3, 13-20% of component 4 and 7-10% of component 5 in percentage by weight; the application comprehensively enhances the salt tolerance of rice; raw materials are easy to obtain, and the application method is simple; the physiological and biochemical processes such as directional transportation of organic matter can be regulated, the salt tolerance of rice is enhanced, and the adaptability to high-mineralization-degree water for irrigation is realized. The physiological and biochemical damage of salt in the environment of saline water for irrigation or salinized soil to rice can be reduced, the absorption of soil water by the root system is regulated, the absorption of sodium ions by rice is reduced, the discharge of sodium ions and chlorine ions from the root system of crops and the ion balance are maintained, and the absorption of soil nutrients by rice is promoted. In addition to rice, the application is also applicable to other paddy field cultivation crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and specifically relates to a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances the salt tolerance of rice. Background Technology

[0002] Rice requires a large amount of water throughout its growth cycle. In areas where high-quality rice is produced, or in saline-alkali land or where freshwater resources are scarce, agricultural irrigation water needs to be supplemented by highly mineralized surface water resources or shallow groundwater resources. For example, saline water (>5g / L) or slightly brackish water (2g / L to 5g / L) stored at depths of 35m to 120m.

[0003] Making full use of high-mineralized water (agricultural irrigation water with a mineralization greater than 2 g / L, including brackish and saline water) to conserve freshwater resources can not only effectively mitigate the severe over-extraction of deep groundwater resources, but also save more than 60% of electricity, benefiting the ecological environment and energy security, while also reducing irrigation costs. Furthermore, irrigating with high-mineralized water can suppress soil-borne diseases, improve the quality indicators of rice such as amylose and crude protein, and reduce the absorption of heavy metal ions from the soil, thus improving rice quality.

[0004] Achieving the safe and sustainable use of these water resources requires overcoming technical challenges such as efficient water allocation, water quality improvement, soil safety, and enhanced crop salt tolerance. Developing specialty agriculture such as rice through irrigation with highly mineralized water and conserving freshwater resources requires not only selecting salt-tolerant varieties but, more importantly, regulating physiological and biochemical processes to improve rice's adaptability to highly mineralized water and improving and conditioning soil physicochemical properties to ensure a suitable soil environment for normal rice growth.

[0005] High-mineralization water irrigation or saline-alkali soil causes salt stress in crops, stemming from two main factors. Firstly, increased osmotic pressure (decreased osmotic potential) in the soil solution hinders water absorption, leading to physiological drought. Secondly, an imbalance in ion absorption disrupts physiological metabolism, impairs protein synthesis, and inhibits starch formation in stomatal guard cells. One way rice maintains osmotic potential in high-salt environments is by increasing the content of soluble sugars and polyols in cells, increasing potassium absorption, and reducing sodium absorption, thereby maintaining cellular osmotic regulation and mitigating the damage caused by excessively high salt concentrations. Under salt stress, soluble sugars mainly originate from photosynthesis and starch metabolism.

[0006] Some research progress has been made both domestically and internationally in the regulation and conditioning of crop salt tolerance. Betaine can promote the accumulation of choline and sucrose, promote salt storage in vacuoles, and stabilize the structure of photosystem II and thylakoid membranes. Abscisic acid (ABA) in roots induces stomatal closure, significantly reduces leaf transpiration rate, reduces sodium absorption in rice, and prevents excessive sodium absorption. Furthermore, it activates potassium ion channels to reduce sodium absorption and activates calcium ion channels to increase cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration, thereby enhancing the ability of root cells to adapt to salt stress. Crop roots can effectively excrete sodium (Na). + and chlorine Cl - Sodium ions are excreted from the roots and stems to reduce sodium accumulation in rice plants, and sodium is transferred from intracellular cells to vacuoles for storage, thus enhancing salt tolerance. ABA, as a signaling regulator, regulates sodium ion absorption and transport. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) can increase H+ ions. + -ATPase activity is beneficial for sodium transport and storage. The aforementioned theories or techniques have failed to achieve the synergistic effect of regulation by betaine, abscisic acid, or indoleacetic acid, as well as potassium and calcium ion channels. It is necessary to propose specific amounts and combinations of exogenous substances to synergistically and efficiently regulate crop physiology or biochemistry, thereby enhancing the crop's tolerance to saline environments.

[0007] Irrigation with highly mineralized water exacerbates soil salinization. Applying nitrogen, potassium, silicon, and calcium fertilizers can effectively improve the physiological resistance of rice under salt stress, promote the absorption of water and nutrients, and reduce the damage caused by salt stress. Studies have shown that applying soil conditioners such as slag (phosphogypsum), desulfurized gypsum, superphosphate, fly ash, weathered lignite, humic acid, peat, vinegar residue, and zeolite can improve and reduce soil salt accumulation after irrigation with highly mineralized water, improve soil structure, and enhance soil permeability. Additionally, chemical mulching and plastic film covering can inhibit soil evaporation, reducing salt accumulation on the soil surface and creating a desalinated root zone environment, thus improving cotton emergence rate, jujube tree survival rate, and vegetable yield. However, these techniques and measures primarily aim to create a more suitable root soil environment by altering soil physicochemical properties and inhibiting soil evaporation, making the soil environment more suitable for crop growth, without actually improving the crop's salt tolerance.

[0008] Whether cultivated on saline-alkali land or irrigated with highly mineralized water, achieving both high-quality and high-yield crops by creating a slightly saline soil environment and improving salt tolerance is possible, but making it feasible requires further research. Current published research results are either still at the theoretical stage, only show the effects of single experiments, or lack specific technologies or achievements for rice. Key challenges that must be overcome include improving rice's salt tolerance through techniques such as promoting root water absorption in saline-alkali soils, reducing the absorption or accumulation of single salts, expelling excess toxic salts from root cells, and promoting the directional transfer of photosynthetic products. Innovative research is needed on techniques to enhance rice's adaptability to high-salt soil environments, such as synergistic regulation of physiological and biochemical processes using exogenous chemical substances to achieve optimal combined effects and appropriate application methods. However, these techniques have not yet been reported. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances the salt tolerance of rice.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is summarized as follows:

[0011] A physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances the salt tolerance of rice, characterized by being composed of a root-applied regulator and a foliar-applied regulator;

[0012] The root application regulator is composed of 10%–20% component 1, 20%–40% component 2, 20%–30% component 3, 13%–20% component 4 and 7%–10% component 5 by weight percentage;

[0013] Component 1 is at least one of anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium sulfate and potassium sulfate;

[0014] Component 2 is at least one of calcium silicate and potassium silicate;

[0015] Component 3 is potassium feldspar;

[0016] Component 4 is at least one of ferrous sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate;

[0017] Component 5 is at least one of calcium percarbonate, percarbonamide and sodium perborate;

[0018] The foliar application regulator is composed of 25%–40% component 6, 0.3%–0.6% component 7, and 59.7%–74.4% component 8 by weight percentage;

[0019] Component 6 is trimethylglycine, L-methionine, glycine, betaine hydrochloride, alkyl betaine, alkylamide betaine, sulfobetaine or phosphate betaine.

[0020] Component 7 is 2-methyl-1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-5-nitro-1H-imidazolium;

[0021] Component 8 is glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol.

[0022] Preferably, the weight ratio of the root-applied regulator to the foliar-applied regulator is 75%–95%: 25%–5%.

[0023] Preferably, the alkyl betaine is dodecyl dimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, or octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine.

[0024] Preferably, the alkylamide betaine is lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, or octadecamidopropyl betaine.

[0025] Preferably, the sulfobetaine is dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, hexadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, or octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine.

[0026] Preferably, the phosphate betaine is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine or tetradecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.

[0027] Advantages of this invention:

[0028] 1. This invention overcomes the limitations of unstable effects of single amendments or conditioners by targeting and regulating soil physicochemical properties and plant physiological and biochemical aspects, and precisely quantifying the material composition ratio to ensure effectiveness, thereby achieving a comprehensive improvement in rice salt tolerance.

[0029] 2. The raw materials of this invention are readily available in the market, the finished product is easy to store and transport, and the application method is simple, which is conducive to large-scale application in agricultural production.

[0030] 3. The combined application of the "root-applied regulator" and the "foliar-applied regulator" of this invention can regulate physiological and biochemical processes such as the directional transport of organic matter, innovatively enhancing rice's salt tolerance and adaptability to irrigation with highly mineralized water. This physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing rice's salt tolerance is suitable for application in irrigation with highly mineralized water (mineralization 2g / L~8g / L) and saline-alkali soil (salt content 0.2%~0.6%).

[0031] 4. This invention provides a physiological and biochemical regulator to enhance the salt tolerance of rice. It reduces the damage to the physiological and biochemical properties of rice caused by salt in saline irrigation water or saline soil environments, regulates root absorption of soil water, reduces the absorption of sodium ions by rice, promotes the excretion of sodium and chloride ions from the crop roots and maintains ion balance, and simultaneously promotes the absorption of soil nutrients by rice. Besides rice, it is also applicable to other paddy field crops. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0033] The raw material composition of the root-applied regulator is shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1 shows the percentage (by weight) of regulators applied to the roots.

[0035]

[0036] Preparation of root application regulators:

[0037] Preparation of Root-1: According to Table 1, take the following components by weight percentage: 15% anhydrous calcium chloride (component 1), 30% calcium silicate (component 2), 25% potassium feldspar (component 3), 20% ferrous sulfate (component 4), and 10% calcium percarbonate (component 5). Crush each component separately, pass them through a 100-mesh sieve, package them separately, and then seal them together in a light-proof, airtight bag. The unit of weight can be grams or kilograms, etc.

[0038] The preparation of root-2, root-3, root-4 or root-5 is the same as that of root-1.

[0039] Table 2 shows the percentage of foliar growth regulators applied (by weight).

[0040]

[0041] Betaine hydrochloride (C5H) 11 NO2.HCl), octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, octadecylamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, hexadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, or tetradecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine replace dodecyl dimethyl betaine in "Leaf-4" respectively; component 7 is the same as component 7 in "Leaf-4"; component 8 is the same as component 8 in "Leaf-4"; and they respectively form new and different foliar application regulators.

[0042] Preparation of foliar application regulators:

[0043] Preparation of Leaf-1: Take 30% trimethylglycine (C5H1N1) by weight percentage according to Table 2. 11 NO2 (component 6), 0.5% 2-methyl-1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-5-nitro-1H-imidazolium (component 7) and 69.5% glycerol (component 8) are mixed evenly and sealed in a light-proof, airtight, and leak-proof package to obtain the final product.

[0044] The preparation of Leaf-2, Leaf-3, Leaf-4 or Leaf-5 is the same as that of Leaf-1.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing the salt tolerance of rice, comprising, by weight percentage, 85% of the root-applied regulator (root-4) and 15% of the foliar-applied regulator (leaf-4).

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing the salt tolerance of rice, comprising, by weight percentage, 75% of the root-applied regulator (root-1) and 25% of the foliar-applied regulator (leaf-1).

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing the salt tolerance of rice, comprising, by weight percentage, 95% of the root-applied regulator (root-2) and 5% of the foliar-applied regulator (leaf-2).

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing the salt tolerance of rice, comprising, by weight percentage, 85% of the root-applied regulator (root-3) and 15% of the foliar-applied regulator (leaf-3).

[0053] Example 5

[0054] A physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing the salt tolerance of rice, comprising, by weight percentage, 85% of the root-applied regulator (root-5) and 15% of the foliar-applied regulator (leaf-5).

[0055] Example 6

[0056] Effects of a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances salt tolerance in rice (hereinafter referred to as the regulator) - Seedling stage effect:

[0057] In a pot experiment on heavy loamy soil, the Jinyuan 89 rice variety (commercial) was used as the indicator crop. The root-1 (root-1) of a physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing rice salt tolerance, which was mixed evenly with the cultivation substrate in Example 2, was applied at 15 kg / mu. After the seedlings emerged, the plant was potted and sprayed at 5 kg / mu (leaf-1).

[0058] The control group was the one without the application of the regulator of the present invention.

[0059] The results of the rice seedling stage survey showed that the application of the regulator from Example 2 of this invention significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of rice seedlings, as shown in Table 3. Compared with irrigation with fresh water, rice irrigated with saline water had lower germination rate, germination potential, and seedling survival rate. However, the reduction in these indicators was significantly reduced when the regulator of this invention was applied. The higher the mineralization of the irrigation water, the more obvious the seedling stage effect of the regulator of this invention.

[0060] Table 3. Seedling stage effects of applying regulators.

[0061]

[0062] Example 7

[0063] Effects of a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances salt tolerance in rice (hereinafter referred to as the regulator) - Seedling stage effect:

[0064] In a pot experiment on heavy loamy soil, the Jinyuan 89 rice variety (commercial) was used as the indicator crop. The root-2 agent of the physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances the salt tolerance of rice in Example 3 was applied at 19 kg / mu and mixed evenly in the cultivation substrate. After the seedlings emerged, the plant was potted and sprayed at 1 kg / mu (leaf-2).

[0065] The control group was the one without the application of the regulator of the present invention.

[0066] The results of the rice seedling stage survey showed that the application of the regulator from Example 3 of this invention significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of rice seedlings, as shown in Table 4. Compared with irrigation with fresh water, rice irrigated with saline water had lower germination rate, germination potential, and seedling survival rate. However, the reduction in these indicators was significantly reduced when the regulator of this invention was applied. The higher the mineralization of the irrigation water, the more obvious the seedling stage effect of the regulator of this invention.

[0067] Table 4. Seedling stage effects of applying regulators.

[0068]

[0069] Example 8

[0070] Effects of a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances salt tolerance in rice - Tillering stage:

[0071] Using the Jinyuan 89 rice variety as the indicator crop, in the heavy loamy soil of the cultivation pond, the rice was treated with the regulator of Example 1 of this invention (root-4) at a rate of 17 kg / mu before transplanting, and foliar sprayed with 3 kg / mu (leaf-4) at the time of transplanting; immediately after greening, zinc (zinc sulfate) 2.5 kg / mu and boron (borax) 2.5 kg / mu were applied, and the foliar spray concentration was 0.5 mg / kg abscisic acid (ABA, C). 15 H 20The O4 aqueous solution was applied at 15 kg / mu, and Root-4 was applied to the soil again at the early tillering stage. Leaf-4 was applied twice, once at the early tillering stage and once at the peak tillering stage, for a total of 3 kg / mu, with an average of 1.5 kg / mu each time. The control group did not use the regulator of this invention, but used other regulators besides the regulator of this invention.

[0072] The tillering stage survey is shown in Table 5. Application of the regulator of this invention significantly increased plant height and single-plant biomass yield during the tillering stage, even exceeding that of irrigated freshwater. The higher the mineralization of the irrigation water or the greater the degree of soil salinization, the better the effect of applying the regulator of this invention.

[0073] Similarly, irrigating rice in saline water reduces root length compared to irrigating in fresh water, but the application of the regulator of this invention significantly weakens this reducing effect. Rice treated with the regulator of this invention shows a significantly increased root length compared to rice not treated with it.

[0074] Table 5. Effects of applying growth regulators on tillering stage

[0075]

[0076] Example 9

[0077] Effects of a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances salt tolerance in rice - Jointing stage effect

[0078] Using the Jinyuan 89 rice variety as the indicator crop, in the heavy loamy soil of the cultivation pond, the rice was treated with the regulator (root-4) of Example 1 of this invention at 17 kg / mu before transplanting, and foliar sprayed with 3 kg / mu (leaf-4) at the time of transplanting. Immediately after greening, zinc (zinc sulfate) 2.5 kg / mu and boron (borax) 2.5 kg / mu were applied, and 0.5 mg / kg abscisic acid was applied to the leaves. At the early tillering stage, 17 kg / mu of root-4 was applied to the soil again, and foliar application of leaf-4 was performed twice at the early and peak tillering stages, totaling 3 kg / mu, with an average of 1.5 kg / mu each time. At the jointing stage, the regulator (root-4) was applied to the roots at 8.5 kg / mu, and the regulator (leaf-4) was applied to the leaves at 1.5 kg / mu. The control group did not use the regulator of this invention, but used other regulators besides the regulator of this invention.

[0079] The results of the study during the rice jointing stage are shown in Table 6. The application of the regulator of this invention significantly improved the rice's adaptability to irrigation with highly mineralized water and enhanced its salt tolerance.

[0080] The treatment significantly increases rice plant height and root length during the jointing stage, with better results observed in higher water mineralization. However, the application of the regulator of this invention significantly weakens this reducing effect. The application of the regulator of this invention significantly increases the biomass yield per plant during the jointing stage, which is beneficial for achieving stable or increased rice yields. When irrigated with 4 g / L saline water, the biomass yield per plant during the jointing stage is higher than that irrigated with fresh water, and the increase is more pronounced when the regulator of this invention is applied. Conversely, when irrigated with 6 g / L and 8 g / L saline water, the biomass yield per plant during the jointing stage is lower than that irrigated with fresh water, and the application of the regulator of this invention weakens this reducing effect.

[0081] The regulator of this invention significantly increases the proline content in rice leaves, weakens the destructive effect of salt stress on chlorophyll, and significantly improves the salt tolerance of rice, which is beneficial to stable rice yield under salt stress conditions. The more severe the salt stress, the stronger this effect.

[0082] Table 6. Effects of applying regulators at the jointing stage

[0083]

[0084] Example 10

[0085] The effects of a physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances rice salt tolerance

[0086] A field plot experiment was conducted in Ninghe District, Tianjin, China, on moderately chloride-saline alluvial soil with a soil salinity of 0.2%–0.4% and using the rice variety Jinyuan 89. Following the water requirements of rice, a saline-freshwater rotation irrigation system was adopted, irrigating with saline water during seasons or growing periods when freshwater resources were scarce. The irrigation system consisted of freshwater irrigation during the seedling stage, saline water irrigation during the tillering and jointing stages (with saline water mineralization of 2.57 g / L and 4.32 g / L, respectively, as shown in Table 6), and freshwater irrigation during the heading and flowering stages and the grain-filling and ripening stages.

[0087] During the tillering and jointing stages, irrigate in saline areas with a concentration of 2.57 g / L. Before rice transplanting (May 12th), apply the (root-4) regulator prepared in Example 1 of this invention at a rate of 12.75 kg / mu, and apply the (leaf-4) regulator prepared in Example 1 of this invention at a rate of 2.25 kg / mu. Immediately after greening (May 25th), apply 1.5 kg / mu of zinc (zinc sulfate) and 1.5 kg / mu of boron (borax), and apply 0.5 mg / kg of abscisic acid (ABA, C) to the leaves. 15 H 20At the early tillering stage (June 15th), apply 15 kg / mu of O4 (Root-4) to the soil and 1.5 kg / mu of (Leaf-4) to the leaves. At the jointing stage (July 14th), apply 8.5 kg / mu of the (Root-4) regulator to the roots and 1.5 kg / mu of the (Leaf-4) regulator to the leaves. Also, at the jointing and heading stage, spray 30 kg / mu of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves. The treatment without application simply means not applying the regulator of this invention, including both root and foliar applications.

[0088] In saline-water areas, irrigation at 4.32 g / L is applied during the tillering and jointing stages. Before rice transplanting, 17 kg / mu of (Root-4) from Example 1 is applied, and 3 kg / mu of (Leaf-4) is sprayed on the leaves at transplanting time. Immediately after greening, 2 kg / mu of zinc (zinc sulfate) and 2 kg / mu of boron (borax) are applied, and 15 kg / mu of 0.5 mg / kg abscisic acid is applied on the leaves. At the early tillering stage, 12 kg / mu of (Root-4) is applied to the soil and 2.1 kg / mu of (Leaf-4) is applied on the leaves. At the jointing stage, 8.5 kg / mu of (Root-4) and 1.5 kg / mu of (Leaf-4) are applied, and 30 kg / mu of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves during the jointing and booting stage. The treatment without application simply means not applying the regulators of this invention, including both root and foliar application regulators.

[0089] Table 7 shows that, under irrigation conditions of 2.57 g / L water with mineralization, the yield of rice treated with the regulator of this invention was the same as that irrigated with fresh water, but significantly increased compared to rice without the regulator of this invention in terms of stem and leaf yield, grain yield, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight. Under irrigation conditions of 4.3 g / L water with mineralization, the yield of rice treated with the regulator also increased significantly in terms of stem and leaf yield, grain yield, and number of grains per panicle.

[0090] Table 7. Effects of applying growth regulators on yield.

[0091]

[0092] The above experiments verified that a physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing rice salt tolerance enhances rice's salt tolerance. The experiments demonstrated that the physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing rice salt tolerance in Example 4 or Example 5 has similar effects on enhancing rice's salt tolerance at various growth stages, including seedling, tillering, and jointing stages, and on rice's adaptability to saline soil environments and irrigation with high-mineralized water, as the physiological and biochemical regulator for enhancing rice salt tolerance in Example 1.

[0093] This invention is not limited to root-X (X is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) and leaf-Y (Y is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5). In addition to Examples 1-5 (X = Y), experiments have shown that combinations of (X not equal to Y) can also be selected to obtain physiological and biochemical regulators that enhance the salt tolerance of rice. All of these enhance the salt tolerance of rice at various growth stages, such as the seedling stage, tillering stage, and jointing stage.

Claims

1. A physiological and biochemical regulator that enhances the salt tolerance of rice, characterized in that: It consists of root-applied regulators and foliar-applied regulators; The root application regulator is composed of 10%–20% component 1, 20%–40% component 2, 20%–30% component 3, 13%–20% component 4 and 7%–10% component 5 by weight percentage. Component 1 is at least one of anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium sulfate and potassium sulfate; Component 2 is at least one of calcium silicate and potassium silicate; Component 3 is potassium feldspar; Component 4 is at least one of ferrous sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate; Component 5 is at least one of calcium percarbonate, percarbonamide and sodium perborate; The foliar application regulator is composed of 25%–40% component 6, 0.3%–0.6% component 7, and 59.7%–74.4% component 8 by weight percentage; Component 6 is trimethylglycine, L-methionine, glycine, betaine hydrochloride, alkyl betaine, alkylamide betaine, sulfobetaine or phosphate betaine. Component 7 is 2-methyl-1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-5-nitro-1H-imidazolium; Component 8 is glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol; The weight ratio of root-applied regulators to foliar-applied regulators is 75%–95%: 25%–5%; Alkyl betaine is dodecyl dimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, or octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine; Alkylamide betaine is lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, or octadecamidopropyl betaine; Sulfonated betaine is dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, hexadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, or octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine; Phosphate betaine is either dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine or tetradecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.

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