Phased array antenna unit and phased array antenna

Abstract

The application provides a phased array antenna unit and a phased array antenna, the phased array antenna unit comprising: a first patch arranged on the upper surface of a first dielectric substrate; a second patch arranged on the upper surface of a second dielectric substrate; a first metal plate arranged on the upper surface of a third dielectric substrate; a first coupling gap and a second coupling gap etched on the metal plate; a second metal plate arranged on the lower surface of a fourth dielectric substrate, one end of each strip line structure being connected to a feeding via, the other end being connected to a slot line structure, and a stub being arranged at the end close to the feeding via; and a first shorting post penetrating through the third and fourth dielectric substrates, being connected to the first and second metal plates, and being distributed on both sides of the stub. The application realizes the phased array antenna unit with filtering characteristics by generating high-frequency radiation nulls and low-frequency radiation nulls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a phased array antenna element and a phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing demands on satellite communication systems, phased array antennas, as a key component of these systems, have also faced growing design challenges. For Ku-band satellite communication systems, the small transmit and receive frequency spacing means that when the phased array antenna operates in full-duplex mode, the transmitting antenna severely interferes with the receiving antenna, degrading the receiving sensitivity.

[0003] Traditionally, filters are connected after the transmitting antenna array, but this introduces significant insertion loss and occupies additional space. The emergence of filtered antennas effectively solves these problems. Filtered antennas integrate the filter and antenna in a single design, primarily employing three design approaches: first, integrating the filter circuitry into the antenna feed network; second, using the antenna as the final resonant stage of the filter; and third, utilizing the antenna itself to generate a radiation null. However, current filtered antenna designs mainly target single polarization and are generally complex in structure, resulting in high manufacturing difficulty and cost when designing large-scale array antennas, making them unsuitable for fully polarized phased array antennas in satellite communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a phased array antenna unit and a phased array antenna to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art in which filters and phased array antennas cannot be integrated into a single design, thereby realizing a phased array antenna unit and a phased array antenna with filtering characteristics.

[0005] This invention provides a phased array antenna element, comprising: a four-layer structure arranged from top to bottom;

[0006] The first layer structure includes a first dielectric substrate and a first patch; the first patch is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate;

[0007] The second layer structure includes a second dielectric substrate and a second patch; the second patch is disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate;

[0008] The third layer structure includes a third dielectric substrate, a first coupling gap, a second coupling gap, and a first metal plate; the first metal plate is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate; the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are etched on the first metal plate;

[0009] The fourth layer structure includes a fourth dielectric substrate, two stripline structures, two power feed vias, two stubs, two slotted structures, a first short-circuit post, and a second metal plate. The two stripline structures, the two stubs, and the two slotted structures are disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. The second metal plate is disposed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. One end of each stripline structure is connected to the power feed via, and the other end is connected to the slotted structure. The stub is disposed at the end near the power feed via. The first short-circuit post passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed on both sides of the stub. The power feed vias pass through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0010] Optionally, it further includes: a fifth layer structure; the fifth layer structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and two microstrip structures; the two microstrip structures are disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate; one end of each microstrip structure is connected to the feed via, and the other end is connected to the antenna port.

[0011] Optionally, the fourth layer structure further includes: a second short-circuit post, which passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0012] Optionally, the fourth layer structure further includes: a third short-circuit post, which passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is dispersed inside the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0013] Optionally, the groove structure includes a third patch and a groove; the groove is etched on the third patch;

[0014] The length of the groove line is one-quarter of the wavelength of the second radiation zero-point frequency introduced by the high frequency.

[0015] Optionally, the length of the stub is one-quarter of the wavelength of the low-frequency induced radiation null frequency.

[0016] Optionally, the microstrip structure includes a fourth patch and a fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to the fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to the feed via, and the fifth patch is connected to the antenna port.

[0017] Optionally, both the first patch and the second patch are square patches.

[0018] The present invention also provides a phased array antenna, comprising the phased array antenna element described in any of the above claims.

[0019] Optionally, it also includes:

[0020] The adjacent phased array antenna elements share a second short-circuit post; the second short-circuit post passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate of the phased array antenna element, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0021] The phased array antenna unit and phased array antenna provided by the present invention generate a high-frequency first radiation null through the radiation cancellation of the first patch and the second patch in the far field, introduce a high-frequency second radiation null through the slotted line structure, and generate a low-frequency radiation null through the stubs and the short-circuit pillars on both sides, thereby realizing a phased array antenna unit with filtering characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the phased array antenna unit provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a top view of the fourth layer structure of the phased array antenna unit provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the phased array antenna unit provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of active standing wave at port 1 of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of active standing wave at port 2 of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 A simulation diagram of the phased array antenna provided by this invention performing E-plane beam scanning at 14.1 GHz;

[0030] Figure 8 A simulation diagram of H-plane beam scanning of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention at 14.1 GHz;

[0031] Figure 9A simulation diagram of D-plane beam scanning of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention at 14.1 GHz;

[0032] Figure 10 A simulation diagram of the E-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 A simulation diagram of the H-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a simulation diagram of the D-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] 1: First layer structure; 2: Second layer structure; 3: Third layer structure;

[0037] 4: Fourth layer structure; 5: Fifth layer structure; 10: First dielectric substrate;

[0038] 11: First patch; 20: Second dielectric substrate; 21: Second patch;

[0039] 30: Third dielectric substrate; 31: First coupling gap; 32: Second coupling gap;

[0040] 33: First metal plate; 34: First through hole; 35: Second through hole;

[0041] 40: Fourth dielectric substrate; 41: First stripline structure; 42: Second stripline structure;

[0042] 43: First groove structure; 44: Second groove structure; 45: First branch;

[0043] 46: Second branch; 47: First feed via; 48: Second feed via;

[0044] 49: First short-circuit post; 410: Second short-circuit post; 411: Third short-circuit post;

[0045] 412: Second metal plate; 413: Third through hole; 414: Fourth through hole;

[0046] 50: Fifth dielectric substrate; 51: First microstrip structure; 52: Second microstrip structure. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0048] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a phased array antenna element, which includes a four-layer structure arranged from top to bottom;

[0049] The first layer structure 1 includes a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first patch 11; the first patch 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0050] The second layer structure 2 includes a second dielectric substrate 20 and a second patch 21; the second patch 21 is disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 20;

[0051] The third layer structure 3 includes a third dielectric substrate 30, a first coupling gap 31, a second coupling gap 32, and a first metal plate 33; the first metal plate 33 is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30; the first coupling gap 31 and the second coupling gap 32 are etched on the first metal plate 33;

[0052] The fourth layer structure 4 includes a fourth dielectric substrate 40, two stripline structures (41 and 42), two power supply vias (47 and 48), two stubs (45 and 46), two slot structures (43 and 44), a first short-circuit post 49, and a second metal plate 412. The two stripline structures (41 and 42), the two stubs (45 and 46), and the two slot structures (43 and 44) ​​are disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40. The second metal plate 412 is disposed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40. One end of each stripline structure is connected to the power supply via, and the other end is connected to the slot structure. The stub is disposed at the end near the power supply via. The first short-circuit post 49 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40, connects to the first metal plate 33 and the second metal plate 412, and is distributed on both sides of the stub. The power supply vias pass through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0053] Specifically, the phased array antenna element consists of four layers arranged from top to bottom, which are tightly pressed together to reduce the cross-section.

[0054] Each layer of the structure contains a dielectric substrate. The four dielectric substrates are identical except for their thickness. The dielectric substrate model can be Megtron7_R5785, the dielectric constant can be 3.6, and the shape of the dielectric substrate can be rectangular.

[0055] The thickness h1 of the first dielectric substrate 10 in the first layer structure 1 can be 1.1 mm, the thickness h2 of the second dielectric substrate 20 in the second layer structure 2 can be 0.5 mm, the thickness h3 of the third dielectric substrate 30 in the third layer structure 3 can be 0.1 mm, and the thickness h4 of the fourth dielectric substrate 40 in the fourth layer structure 4 can be 1.1 mm.

[0056] The first layer structure 1 includes a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first patch 11. The first patch 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0057] The second layer structure 2 includes a second dielectric substrate 20 and a first patch 21. The first patch 21 is disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 20.

[0058] The first patch 11 is directly above the second patch 21, and the projection of the first patch 11 in the Z-axis direction can cover the second patch 21. The destructive radiation of the first patch 11 and the second patch 21 in the far field produces the first high-frequency radiation null point.

[0059] Optionally, both the first patch 11 and the second patch 21 are square patches.

[0060] Specifically, the first patch 11 can be square in shape, with a side length ranging from 4.93mm to 4.95mm; for example, the side length of the square patch can be set to 4.94mm. The second patch 21 can also be square in shape, with a side length ranging from 4.9mm to 4.91mm; for example, the side length of the square patch can be set to 4.91mm. There are no specific requirements for the material of the patches; they can be ceramic patches, metal patches, etc.

[0061] The square first patch 11 and the square second patch 21 are conducive to forming symmetry, which is further conducive to introducing the first radiation null point at high frequency.

[0062] The third layer structure 3 includes a third dielectric substrate 30, a first coupling gap 31, a second coupling gap 32, and a first metal plate 33.

[0063] The first metal plate 33 is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30. The first metal plate 33 has the same shape as the third dielectric substrate 30, and the size of the metal plate 33 is also the same as the size of the third dielectric substrate 30.

[0064] The first coupling gap 31 and the second coupling gap 32 are etched on the first metal plate 33.

[0065] Optionally, both the first coupling gap 31 and the second coupling gap 32 are H-shaped grooves.

[0066] Specifically, the first coupling gap 31 is an H-shaped groove, which consists of a rectangular groove with one long side along the Y direction and two rectangular grooves with two long sides along the X direction. The length of the rectangular groove along the Y direction can range from 1.82mm to 1.98mm, and the width can range from 0.3mm to 0.42mm. For example, the dimensions of the rectangular groove along the Y direction can be set to 1.9mm × 0.36mm. The length of the rectangular groove along the X direction can range from 0.72mm to 0.88mm, and the width can range from 0.21mm to 0.25mm. For example, the dimensions of the rectangular groove along the X direction can be set to 0.8mm × 0.23mm.

[0067] The second coupling gap 32 is an H-shaped groove, which consists of a rectangular groove with one long side along the X direction and two rectangular grooves with two long sides along the Y direction. The length of the rectangular groove along the X direction can range from 1.5mm to 1.58mm, and the width can range from 0.24mm to 0.36mm. For example, the dimensions of the rectangular groove along the X direction can be set to 1.54mm × 0.3mm. The length of the rectangular groove along the Y direction can range from 0.92mm to 1.04mm, and the width can range from 0.2mm to 0.3mm. For example, the dimensions of the rectangular groove along the Y direction can be set to 0.98mm × 0.25mm.

[0068] The first coupling gap 31 and the second coupling gap 32 of the H-shaped groove facilitate the feeding of the stripline structure in the fourth layer structure 4 to the second layer structure 2 through the H-shaped groove, thereby achieving dual polarization characteristics.

[0069] Figure 2 This is a top view of the fourth layer structure of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the fourth layer structure 4 includes a fourth dielectric substrate 40, a first stripline structure 41, a second stripline structure 42, a first groove structure 43, a second groove structure 44, a first branch 45, a second branch 46, a first power supply via 47, a second power supply via 48, a first short-circuit post 49, and a second metal plate 412.

[0070] The first stripline structure 41, the second stripline structure 42, the first groove structure 43, the second groove structure 44, the first branch 45, and the second branch 46 are disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0071] The second metal plate 412 is disposed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40. The size and shape of the second metal plate 412 are the same as those of the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0072] One end of the first stripline structure 41 is connected to the first feed via 47, and the other end is connected to the first slot structure 43. A first branch 45 is provided at the end near the first feed via 47. The first feed via 47 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0073] One end of the second stripline structure 42 is connected to the second power feed via 48, and the other end is connected to the second slot structure 44. A second branch 46 is provided at one end near the second power feed via 48. The second power feed via 48 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0074] When the power feeding via penetrates the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40, it is easy to cause one end of the power feeding via to be connected to the first metal plate 33 and the other end to be connected to the second metal plate 412, forming a short circuit.

[0075] To avoid short circuits in the first power supply via 47, the portion of the metal plate corresponding to the first power supply via 47 on the first metal plate 33 is cut off to form a first through-hole 34. Similarly, the portion of the metal plate corresponding to the first power supply via 47 on the second metal plate 412 is cut off to form a third through-hole 413. The shapes of the first through-hole 34 and the third through-hole 413 are the same as those of the first power supply via 47, but their dimensions are larger than those of the first power supply via 47.

[0076] The first power supply via 47 can be a circular hole with a radius ranging from 0.19 mm to 0.21 mm. For example, the first power supply via 47 can be set as a circular hole with a radius of 0.2 mm. The first through hole 34 and the third through hole 413 can be circular through holes with a radius of 0.3 mm.

[0077] To avoid short circuits in the second power supply via 48, the corresponding portion of the metal plate on the first metal plate 33 is cut off to form a second through-hole 35, and the corresponding portion of the metal plate on the second metal plate 412 is also cut off to form a fourth through-hole 414. The shapes of the second through-hole 35 and the fourth through-hole 414 are the same as those of the second power supply via 48, but their dimensions are larger than those of the second power supply via 48.

[0078] The second power supply via 48 can be a circular hole with a radius ranging from 0.19 mm to 0.21 mm. For example, the second power supply via 48 can be set as a circular hole with a radius of 0.2 mm. The second through hole 35 and the fourth through hole 414 can be circular through holes with a radius of 0.3 mm.

[0079] The projection of the first coupling gap 31 in the Z-axis direction is perpendicular to the first stripline structure 41, and the projection of the second coupling gap 32 in the Z-axis direction is perpendicular to the second stripline structure 42. The first stripline structure 41 feeds the second layer structure 2 through the first coupling gap 31 to achieve horizontal polarization characteristics, and the first stripline structure 42 feeds the second layer structure 2 through the first coupling gap 32 to achieve vertical polarization characteristics.

[0080] The width W1 of the first strip structure 41 and the width W2 of the second strip structure 42 can be the same or different. For example, the width W1 of the first strip structure 41 and the width W2 of the second strip structure 42 can both be 0.4 mm.

[0081] Optionally, the groove structure includes a third patch and a groove; the groove is etched on the third patch;

[0082] The length of the groove line is one-quarter of the wavelength of the second radiation null frequency introduced at high frequencies.

[0083] Specifically, both the first slot structure 43 and the second slot structure 44 are composed of a patch and slots etched on the patch. The patch can be a rectangular patch with a length ranging from 1.66mm to 1.74mm and a width ranging from 0.87mm to 0.92mm; for example, the size of the rectangular patch can be set to 1.7mm × 0.9mm. The width of the slot can range from 0.09mm to 0.11mm; for example, the width of the slot can be set to 0.1mm. The length of the slot can be one-quarter wavelength of the frequency at which the second radiation null point is introduced at a high frequency.

[0084] Setting the length of the slot line to a quarter wavelength of the frequency at which the second radiation null point is introduced at high frequency is beneficial for introducing high-frequency radiation null points, and further beneficial for constructing phased array antenna elements with filtering characteristics.

[0085] The first short-circuit post 49 penetrates through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. One end of the first short-circuit post 49 is connected to the first metal plate 33 on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30, and the other end is connected to the second metal plate 412 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40, forming a short-circuit circuit, which is distributed on both sides of the first branch 45 and the second branch 46. The branch and the first short-circuit posts on both sides work together to generate a low-frequency radiation null point.

[0086] Optionally, the length of the stub is one-quarter of the wavelength of the zero-point frequency of the low-frequency introduced radiation.

[0087] Specifically, the width of the first branch 45 and the width of the second branch 46 can be the same or different. The width of the first branch 45 can be in the range of 0.19mm-0.21mm, and the width of the second branch 46 can be in the range of 0.19mm-0.21mm. For example, the width of the first branch 45 and the width of the second branch 46 can both be set to 0.2mm.

[0088] The length of the first stub 45 is the same as the length of the second stub 46, both being a quarter wavelength of the zero-point frequency of the low-frequency introduced radiation.

[0089] Setting the length of the stub to a quarter wavelength of the low-frequency radiation null frequency is beneficial for introducing low-frequency radiation nulls, which further facilitates the construction of phased array antenna elements with filtering characteristics.

[0090] Optionally, the fourth layer structure 4 further includes: a second short-circuit post 410, which passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40, is connected to the first metal plate 33 and the second metal plate 412, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0091] Specifically, the fourth layer structure 4 also includes a second short-circuit post 410. The second short-circuit post 410 can be made of metal. The second short-circuit post 410 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. One end of the second short-circuit post 410 is connected to the first metal plate 33 on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30, and the other end is connected to the second metal plate 412 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40, forming a short-circuit circuit, and is dispersed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. The dispersion method can be uniform dispersion or non-uniform dispersion.

[0092] The second short-circuit post 410 forms a metal shielding wall around the third layer structure 3 and the fourth layer structure 4, which can reduce the coupling between phased array antenna elements.

[0093] Optionally, the fourth layer structure 4 further includes: a third short-circuit post 411, which penetrates through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40, connects to the first metal plate 33 and the second metal plate 412, and is dispersed inside the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0094] Specifically, the fourth layer structure 4 also includes a third short-circuit post 411. The third short-circuit post 411 can be made of metal. The third short-circuit post 411 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. One end of the third short-circuit post 411 is connected to the first metal plate 33 on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30, and the other end is connected to the second metal plate 412 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40, forming a short-circuit circuit, which is dispersed inside the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. The dispersion method can be uniform dispersion or non-uniform dispersion.

[0095] The feed network of the stripline structure in the fourth layer 4 introduces a parallel plate mode within the operating frequency band, affecting the antenna's radiation characteristics. Meanwhile, the third short-circuit post 411, distributed within the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40, connects the first metal plate 33 and the second metal plate 412. The inductive component it introduces disrupts the resonance of the parallel plate mode within the operating frequency band, thereby suppressing the generation of the parallel plate mode.

[0096] Optionally, it also includes: a fifth layer structure 5; the fifth layer structure 5 includes a fifth dielectric substrate 50 and two microstrip structures (51 and 52); the two microstrip structures (51 and 52) are disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 50; one end of each microstrip structure is connected to a feed via and the other end is connected to an antenna port.

[0097] Specifically, Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the phased array antenna unit may also include a fifth layer structure 5, which includes a fifth dielectric substrate 50, a first microstrip structure 51, and a second microstrip structure 52.

[0098] Except for the thickness, the fifth dielectric substrate 50 has the same characteristics as the aforementioned four dielectric substrates. The thickness h5 of the fifth dielectric substrate 50 in the fifth layer structure 5 can be 0.1 mm.

[0099] The first microstrip structure 51 and the second microstrip structure 52 are disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 50. One end of the first microstrip structure 51 is connected to the first feed via 47 and the other end is connected to the first port of the antenna. One end of the second microstrip structure 52 is connected to the second feed via 48 and the other end is connected to the second port of the antenna.

[0100] The antenna port can be brought out through the microstrip structure in the fifth layer structure 5, which facilitates the connection of the phased array antenna element with the subsequent active circuit.

[0101] Optionally, the microstrip structure includes a fourth patch and a fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to the fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to a feed via, and the fifth patch is connected to an antenna port.

[0102] Specifically, both the first microstrip structure 51 and the second microstrip structure 52 are composed of two connected patches. The two patches can be a circular patch and a rectangular patch. The radius of the circular patch can be 0.28 mm, and the dimensions of the rectangular patch can be 0.9 mm × 0.2 mm. The circular patch is connected to a feed via, and the rectangular patch is connected to an antenna port.

[0103] By utilizing patch-like microstrip structures, phased array antenna elements can be made compact and have a low profile.

[0104] The phased array antenna unit provided by the present invention generates a high-frequency first radiation null through the radiation cancellation of the first patch and the second patch in the far field, introduces a high-frequency second radiation null through the slotted line structure, and generates a low-frequency radiation null through the stubs and the short-circuit pillars on both sides, thereby realizing a phased array antenna unit with filtering characteristics.

[0105] Two-port active standing wave simulation was performed using the phased array antenna unit provided by this invention. Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of active standing wave at port 1 of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention. Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of active standing wave at port 2 of the phased array antenna element provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, simulations were performed on the E-plane, D-plane, and H-plane respectively, with no scanning, 30° scanning, and 60° scanning. The phased array antenna element provided by this invention has an active standing wave ratio of less than 2.7 at both ports under different scanning angles within the operating frequency band of 13.7GHz-14.5GHz.

[0106] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a phased array antenna, including any of the phased array antenna elements described above.

[0107] Specifically, a phased array antenna can be constructed using the phased array antenna elements provided by this invention, such as... Figure 6 As shown, a 9×9 phased array antenna can be constructed. The array can be arranged in a triangular array, where connecting the centers of three adjacent phased array antenna elements yields an equilateral triangle with a side length dx of 10.5 mm. Alternatively, a rectangular array can be used.

[0108] Optionally, it also includes:

[0109] Adjacent phased array antenna elements share a second short-circuit post 410; the second short-circuit post 410 passes through the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40 of the phased array antenna element, is connected to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0110] Specifically, the second short-circuit post 410 is located in the fourth layer structure 4 of the phased array antenna element. The second short-circuit post 410 penetrates the fourth dielectric substrate 40 in the fourth layer structure 4. One end of the second short-circuit post 410 is connected to the first metal plate 33 on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 30, and the other end is connected to the second metal plate 412 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 40, forming a short-circuit circuit, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40.

[0111] The second short-circuit post 410 is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate 30 and the fourth dielectric substrate 40. It can be regarded as the second short-circuit post 410 being distributed at the edges of the phased array antenna elements, allowing adjacent phased array antenna elements to share the second short-circuit post 410.

[0112] The phased array antenna can be simplified by having adjacent phased array antenna elements share the second short-circuit post.

[0113] The phased array antenna provided by this invention is constructed by using phased array antenna elements with filtering characteristics to form an antenna, thereby realizing a phased array antenna with filtering characteristics.

[0114] Beam scanning simulations were performed on the E-plane, H-plane, and D-plane at 14.1 GHz using the phased array antenna provided by this invention. Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention performing E-plane beam scanning at 14.1 GHz. Figure 8 This is a simulation diagram of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention performing H-plane beam scanning at 14.1 GHz. Figure 9 This is a simulation diagram of the phased array antenna performing D-plane beam scanning at 14.1 GHz, as provided by the present invention. It is worth noting that both ports of the phased array antenna are excited simultaneously here, such as... Figure 7-9 As shown, the phased array antenna provided by this invention can achieve beam scanning of ±60° with a gain drop of less than 4dB.

[0115] Gain curve simulation was performed using the phased array antenna provided by this invention. Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram of the E-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention. Figure 11 This is a simulation diagram of the H-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention. Figure 12 This is a simulation diagram of the D-plane gain curve of the phased array antenna provided by the present invention. Simulations were performed on the E-plane, D-plane, and H-plane using no scanning, 30° scanning, and 60° scanning respectively. It is worth noting that both ports of the phased array antenna are excited simultaneously here, such as... Figure 10-12 As shown, the phased array antenna can achieve high roll-off filtering characteristics under different beam scanning conditions, and the out-of-band rejection is greater than 20dB, which has high engineering application value.

[0116] Compared with existing phased array technology, the phased array antenna element and phased array antenna provided by this invention have the following advantages:

[0117] The phased array antenna unit and phased array antenna provided by this invention introduce filtering structures at high and low frequencies, respectively, and achieve good filtering characteristics while scanning the beam, which greatly reduces the design difficulty of filters in the phased array antenna RF chip circuit.

[0118] The phased array antenna unit and phased array antenna provided by the present invention adopt a microstrip patch form, which has a compact structure and low profile, and is suitable for highly integrated radio frequency systems;

[0119] The phased array antenna element and phased array antenna provided by this invention can completely cover the Ku-band of satellite communication (13.7GHz-14.5GHz). Within the band, it can achieve ±60° beam scanning of the E-plane, H-plane, and D-plane. While meeting the high roll-off filtering characteristics, it also has an out-of-band suppression of more than 20dB, which has high engineering application value.

[0120] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects, and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phased array antenna element, characterized in that, include: A four-layer structure arranged from top to bottom; The first layer structure includes a first dielectric substrate and a first patch; the first patch is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; The second layer structure includes a second dielectric substrate and a second patch; the second patch is disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; The third layer structure includes a third dielectric substrate, a first coupling gap, a second coupling gap, and a first metal plate; the first metal plate is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate; the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are etched on the first metal plate; The fourth layer structure includes a fourth dielectric substrate, two stripline structures, two power feed vias, two stubs, two slotted structures, a first short-circuit post, and a second metal plate. The two stripline structures, the two stubs, and the two slotted structures are disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. The second metal plate is disposed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. One end of each stripline structure is connected to the power feed via, and the other end is connected to the slotted structure. The stub is disposed at the end near the power feed via. The first short-circuit post passes through the third and fourth dielectric substrates, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed on both sides of the stub. The power feed vias pass through the third and fourth dielectric substrates. The groove structure includes a third patch and a groove; the groove is etched onto the third patch. The length of the groove line is one-quarter of the wavelength of the second radiation zero-point frequency introduced by the high frequency.

2. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The fifth layer structure is disposed below the fourth layer structure; the fifth layer structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and two microstrip structures. The two microstrip structures are disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate; one end of each microstrip structure is connected to the feed via, and the other end is connected to the antenna port.

3. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth layer structure further includes: a second short-circuit post, which passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

4. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth layer structure further includes a third short-circuit post, which penetrates the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is dispersed inside the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

5. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the spur is one-quarter of the wavelength of the zero-point frequency of the low-frequency introduced radiation.

6. The phased array antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microstrip structure includes a fourth patch and a fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to the fifth patch; the fourth patch is connected to the feed via, and the fifth patch is connected to the antenna port.

7. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first patch and the second patch are square patches.

8. A phased array antenna, characterized in that, Includes the phased array antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The phased array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The adjacent phased array antenna elements share a second short-circuit post; the second short-circuit post passes through the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate of the phased array antenna element, connects to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and is distributed at the edges of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

Images