A sliding friction and wear testing device and testing method for heavy-duty transmission shafts

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of sliding friction wear test devices of heavy load transmission shaft, it includes platform, support component, transmission component, loading force component, end face component, support component is fixed on platform, transmission component, loading force component are connected with support component, end face friction component is connected with transmission component, loading force component.Further, support component includes support plate I, support plate III, transmission component includes motor, gear I, gear II, bearing III, loading force component includes force bar, mandrel, guide rod, guide bushing, bearing I, bearing II, sensor I, sensor II, spring piece, compression nut.The application can be realized in the condition of heavy load, end face friction wear test is carried out to different materials.At the same time, the application is convenient to adjust load and speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of friction and wear testing technology, specifically relating to a sliding friction and wear testing device and method for heavy-duty drive shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Some key components in heavy-duty transmission equipment operate under harsh conditions, with high contact stress and poor lubrication on their sliding friction pairs. Increased frictional heat generation and lubrication failure lead to accelerated wear, thus shortening the equipment's lifespan. To meet the development trend of high reliability and long service life in heavy-duty transmission equipment, the materials used for friction pairs need continuous improvement.

[0003] Friction and wear testing machines are key equipment for studying the tribological properties of materials. End-face friction and wear testing machines are mainly used to simulate and test the tribological properties of surface contact friction pairs. Currently, the load in commonly used end-face friction and wear testing machines is applied by weights, which results in a relatively small load, making it difficult to test the sliding friction and wear characteristics of materials under heavy load conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new heavy-load friction and wear testing device to meet the needs of testing the tribological properties of materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention aims to solve is to provide a sliding friction and wear testing device for heavy-duty drive shafts, which can perform end-face friction and wear tests on different materials under heavy load conditions. Furthermore, this invention offers convenient adjustment of load and speed. Additionally, this invention provides an experimental method for the sliding friction and wear testing device.

[0005] The present invention provides a sliding friction and wear testing device for heavy-duty drive shafts, comprising a platform, a support assembly, a transmission assembly, a loading force measuring assembly, and an end face assembly. The support assembly is fixed on the platform, and the transmission assembly and the loading force measuring assembly are both connected to the support assembly. The end face friction assembly is connected to the transmission assembly and the loading force measuring assembly.

[0006] Furthermore, the support assembly includes support plate I and support plate III, which are arranged side to side, with the base plate fixed to the platform; the transmission assembly includes a motor, gear I, gear II, and bearing III. The motor is connected to support plate III, gear II engages with bearing III in the center hole of support plate III, and gear I is connected to the motor and meshes with gear II; the loading force measuring assembly includes a force measuring rod, spindle, guide rod, guide sleeve, bearing I, bearing II, sensor I, sensor II, spring, and clamping nut. The clamping nut is screwed into the center hole of support plate I. The guide rod, sensor I, and spindle are connected by threads. The left section of the guide rod is connected to bearing I, and the right section of the spindle is connected to bearing II in the left end hole of the force measuring rod. Both the force measuring rod and gear II are equipped with end face assemblies. The guide sleeve and spring are both fitted on the outer circle of the guide rod. The left end of the guide sleeve contacts the end face of bearing I, and the right end presses against the left end of the spring. The right end of the spring presses against the stepped surface of the guide rod. A sensor II is symmetrically connected to both ends of the force measuring rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the centers of gear II, bearing III, force measuring rod, bearing II, spindle, sensor I, guide rod, spring, guide sleeve, bearing I, and clamping nut are on the same straight line.

[0008] Furthermore, the left and right end faces of sensor I are in contact with the stepped surface of the guide rod and the stepped surface of the spindle, respectively, and bearing II is in contact with the stepped surface of the spindle.

[0009] Furthermore, the end face assembly includes a standard test block and a sample. The standard test block is installed inside the force measuring rod, and the sample is installed inside gear II. The standard test block is in contact with the end face of the sample.

[0010] Furthermore, a countersunk hole or boss is provided at the center of the right end of the force measuring rod, and the standard test block is fixedly connected to the countersunk hole or boss; the test specimen is fixedly connected in the center hole of gear II; the plane of the standard test block is in contact with the protruding surface of the test specimen.

[0011] Furthermore, the support assembly also includes a support plate II and a copper sleeve. The support plate II is disposed between the support plate I and the support plate III, and its base plate is fixed on the platform. The copper sleeve is disposed in the hole of the support plate II, and the middle section of the mandrel mates with the copper sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the motor is fixed on the right end face of the support plate Ⅲ, and its output shaft passes through the front end hole of the support plate Ⅲ and is fitted with gear Ⅰ. The optical shaft section of gear Ⅱ is engaged with bearing Ⅲ.

[0013] Furthermore, waist-shaped grooves are provided on the base plates of support plate I, support plate II, and support plate III.

[0014] The present invention discloses a test method for a sliding friction and wear test device for heavy-duty drive shafts, comprising the following steps: 1. Before the test, based on the actual working conditions at the work site, determine the contact area and contact pressure between the sample and the standard sample block, and calculate the pressure load of the spring components; determine the specifications, installation method, and quantity of the disc springs in the spring components based on the load; calculate and determine the specifications of gear I and gear II based on the friction speed and motor speed under actual working conditions; weigh the sample; 2. Loosen the clamping nut, adjust the disc spring, gear I, and gear II according to the calculation results, axially move the mandrel and force measuring rod, and at the ends of gear II and the force measuring rod... 1. Install the sample and standard test block in the contact area and add lubricating oil to their contact surfaces; 2. Adjust support plate I, support plate II, and support plate III to ensure that the centers of gear II, bearing III, force measuring rod, bearing II, spindle, sensor I, guide rod, spring, guide sleeve, bearing I, and clamping nut are on the same straight line; tighten the clamping nut and apply load through the reading of sensor I to ensure heavy-load conditions; 3. Start the motor to conduct a friction and wear test, record the pressure values ​​of each sensor, and calculate the contact pressure, friction torque, and friction coefficient; 4. After the test, stop the motor, clean the sample, weigh it, and record the amount of wear.

[0015] The advantages of the friction and wear testing device of this invention are: 1. By tightening the clamping nut, the pressure load is made to match the actual working conditions through the reading of sensor I, ensuring the conditions for heavy load; 2. The specifications, installation method and quantity of disc springs in the spring components are determined according to the load, and the specifications of gear I and gear II are calculated and determined according to the friction speed and motor speed in the actual working conditions, so the load and speed are easy to adjust; 3. When different materials need to be tested, only the sample and standard sample block need to be replaced.

[0016] Therefore, the device of the present invention has a simple structure, occupies little space, has a large test load range, and is easy to adjust the load and speed, and can conveniently test the sliding friction and wear characteristics of different materials under heavy load conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is along Figure 2 Sectional view of line AA in the middle;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a left view of the sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the standard test block;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sample structure. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The present invention provides a sliding friction and wear testing device for a heavy-duty drive shaft, comprising a platform 1, a support assembly, a transmission assembly, a loading force measuring assembly, and an end face assembly. The support assembly is fixed on the platform 1, and the transmission assembly and the loading force measuring assembly are both connected to the support assembly. The end face friction assembly is connected to the transmission assembly and the loading force measuring assembly.

[0026] When using the friction and wear testing device of this invention: First, determine the contact area and contact pressure of the end face assembly based on the actual working conditions at the work site, and calculate the pressure load of the loading force measuring assembly; then, calculate and determine the specifications of the transmission assembly based on the friction speed in the actual working conditions, and weigh the sample; next, install the transmission assembly and end face assembly, adjust the loading force measuring assembly to ensure that the centers of the loading force measuring assembly and the end face assembly are on the same straight line; then, apply a load to the end face assembly through the loading force measuring assembly to ensure heavy-load conditions; finally, start the motor to conduct the friction and wear test, record the pressure values ​​of each sensor, and calculate the contact pressure, friction torque, and friction coefficient. After the test, stop the motor, clean the sample, weigh it, and record the amount of wear.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention includes: a support assembly comprising a support plate I2 and a support plate III4, both positioned side-by-side, with the base plate fixed on a platform 1; a transmission assembly comprising a motor 5, a gear I6, a gear II7, and a bearing III21, wherein the motor 5 is connected to the support plate III4, the gear II7 engages with the bearing III21 in the central hole of the support plate III4, and the gear I6 is connected to the motor 5 and meshes with the gear II7; and a loading and force measuring assembly comprising a force measuring rod 8, a spindle 9, a guide rod 11, a guide sleeve 12, a bearing I13, a bearing II14, a sensor I15, a sensor II16, a spring 17, and a clamping nut 18, wherein the clamping nut 18 is connected to the support plate I2. The center hole is threaded, and bearing I13 is set in the hole of clamping nut 18. Guide rod 11, sensor I15, and spindle 9 are connected in pairs by threads. The left section of guide rod 11 is connected to bearing I13, and the right section of spindle 9 is connected to bearing II14 in the left end hole of force measuring rod 8. Force measuring rod 8 and gear II7 are both equipped with end face assemblies. Guide sleeve 12 and spring 17 are both sleeved on the outer circle of guide rod 11. The left end of guide sleeve 12 contacts the end face of bearing I13, and the right end presses the left end of spring 17. The right end of spring 17 presses on the stepped surface of guide rod 11. A sensor II16 is symmetrically connected to the front and rear ends of force measuring rod 8.

[0029] Rotate the clamping nut 18 to adjust the clamping force of the guide sleeve 12 on the spring 17. The spring 17 transmits the pressure through the guide rod 11, sensor I 15, spindle 9, and force measuring rod 8 to the end face friction assembly. At this time, the motor 5 works, driving gear II 7 to rotate through gear I 6, causing friction between gear II 7 and the end face assembly of the force measuring rod 8. The friction force data is obtained from the sensors II 16 at both ends of the force measuring rod 8. The data from sensor I 15 is the pressure transmitted from the spring 17, and this data must be equal to the friction load.

[0030] The number of disc springs in spring component 17 can be increased or decreased according to the load conditions, and different installation methods among the disc springs can be determined to meet the needs of friction load adjustment. At the same time, the clamping nut 18 has an anti-loosening function to maintain the test load.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] The sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention comprises gear II 7, bearing III 21, force measuring rod 8, bearing II 14, spindle 9, sensor I 15, guide rod 11, spring 17, guide sleeve 12, bearing I 13, and clamping nut 18, the centers of which are on the same straight line.

[0033] The coaxiality of these components ensures the coaxiality of the end face assembly and the linear transmission of frictional load, thereby guaranteeing the reliability of the friction and wear test and the authenticity of the data.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention: the left and right end faces of sensor I 15 are in contact with the stepped surface of guide rod 11 and the stepped surface of spindle 9, respectively, and bearing II 14 is in contact with the stepped surface of spindle 9.

[0036] The guide rod 11, sensor I 15, spindle 9, and bearing II 14 prevent axial movement and ensure the transmission of frictional load.

[0037] Example 5

[0038] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention includes a standard test block 22 and a sample 23. The standard test block 22 is installed inside the force measuring rod 8, and the sample 23 is installed inside the gear II 7. The end face of the standard test block 22 is in contact with the end face of the sample 23.

[0039] The standard test block 22 and the test sample 23 can be interchanged: one is mounted on the force measuring rod 8 and the other is mounted on the gear II 7, as long as the test surfaces of the two are in contact with each other and rub against each other.

[0040] The standard test block 22 is provided with a lubrication groove and an oil reservoir. During the experiment, the lubricating oil enters the standard test block 22 through the lubrication groove and continuously lubricates the friction surface through the oil reservoir.

[0041] Example 6

[0042] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention: a countersunk hole or a boss is provided at the center of the right end of the force measuring rod 8, and the standard test block 22 is fixedly connected to the countersunk hole or the boss; the sample 23 is fixedly connected in the center hole of the gear II 7; the plane of the standard test block 22 is in contact with the protruding surface of the sample 23.

[0043] The force measuring rod 8 and gear II 7 are fixedly connected to the standard test block 22 and the sample 23, so that the standard test block 22 and the sample 23 cannot rotate relative to the force measuring rod 8 and gear II 7, thus ensuring that the standard test block 22 and the sample 23 are always in a state of sliding friction during the test.

[0044] Example 7

[0045] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention includes a support plate II3 and a copper sleeve 10. The support plate II3 is disposed between the support plate I2 and the support plate III4, and its bottom plate is fixed on the platform 1. The copper sleeve 10 is disposed in the hole of the support plate II3, and the middle section of the mandrel 9 is engaged with the copper sleeve 10.

[0046] Support plate II3 and copper sleeve 10 support spindle 9, increasing the overall rigidity of the device.

[0047] Example 8

[0048] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention: the motor 5 is fixed on the right end face of the support plate Ⅲ4, and its output shaft passes through the front end hole of the support plate Ⅲ4 and is equipped with gear Ⅰ6. The optical shaft section of gear Ⅱ7 is engaged with bearing Ⅲ21.

[0049] Among them, gear I6 and gear II7 can have their module and number of teeth changed according to the test conditions to meet the torque and speed requirements of the test; motor 5 can be speed-regulated by a speed controller.

[0050] Example 9

[0051] The sliding friction and wear test device of the present invention has a waist-shaped groove on the bottom plate of support plate I2, support plate II3, and support plate III4.

[0052] Support plates I2, II3, and III4 can move back and forth through the oblong holes, facilitating positioning, position adjustment, and position locking, thereby ensuring that the centers of gear II7, bearing III21, force measuring rod 8, bearing II14, spindle 9, copper sleeve 10, sensor I15, guide rod 11, spring 17, guide sleeve 12, bearing I13, and clamping nut 18 are on the same straight line.

[0053] Example 10

[0054] The sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention also includes a pull rod 19 and a pull rod nut 20. The left section of the pull rod 19 passes through the upper hole of the support plate I2 and is locked by the nut 20, while the right section is threadedly connected to the upper hole of the support plate III4.

[0055] The two ends of the pull rod 19 are locked by threads and preloaded, which increases the overall rigidity of the device.

[0056] Example 10

[0057] The testing method of the sliding friction and wear testing device of the present invention is as follows: 1. Before the test, determine the contact area and contact pressure of the sample 23 and the standard sample block 22 according to the actual working conditions at the work site, and calculate the pressure load of the spring component 17; determine the specifications, installation method and quantity of the disc spring in the spring component according to the load; calculate and determine the specifications of gear I6 and gear II7 according to the friction speed and motor speed in the actual working conditions; weigh the sample 23; 2. Loosen the clamping nut 18, adjust the disc spring, gear I6 and gear II7 according to the calculation results, move the mandrel 9 and the force measuring rod 8 axially, and install the sample 23 and the standard sample block 22 in the end face of gear II7 and the force measuring rod 8. 2. Add lubricating oil to the contact surfaces of both components; 3. Adjust support plates I2, II3, and III4 to ensure that the centers of gear II7, bearing III21, force measuring rod 8, bearing II14, spindle 9, sensor I15, guide rod 11, spring 17, guide sleeve 12, bearing I13, and clamping nut 18 are on the same straight line; tighten clamping nut 18 and apply load through the reading of sensor I15 to ensure heavy-load conditions; 4. Start motor 5 to conduct a friction and wear test, record the pressure values ​​of each sensor, and calculate the contact pressure, friction torque, and friction coefficient; 5. After the test, stop motor 5, clean the sample 23, weigh it, and record the wear amount. The distance L between the contact point of force measuring rod 8 and sensor II16 and the axis of the friction pair is calculated by multiplying the friction force value displayed by sensor II16 by the distance L.

[0058] The advantages of the sliding friction and wear testing device of this invention are: 1. By tightening the clamping nut, the pressure load is made to match the actual working conditions through the reading of sensor I, ensuring the conditions for heavy load; 2. The specifications, installation method and quantity of disc springs in the spring components are determined according to the load, and the specifications of gear I and gear II are calculated and determined according to the friction speed and motor speed in the actual working conditions, so the load and speed adjustment is convenient; 3. When different materials need to be tested, only the sample and standard sample block need to be replaced.

[0059] Therefore, the device of the present invention has a simple structure, occupies little space, has a large test load range, and is easy to adjust the load and speed, and can conveniently test the sliding friction and wear characteristics of different materials under heavy load conditions.

[0060] The embodiments described in this specification are merely examples of implementations of the inventive concept. The scope of protection of this invention should not be considered as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The scope of protection of this invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A sliding friction and wear testing device for heavy-duty drive shafts, characterized in that: It includes a platform (1), a support assembly, a transmission assembly, a loading and force measuring assembly, and an end face assembly. The support assembly is fixed on the platform (1). The transmission assembly and the loading and force measuring assembly are both connected to the support assembly. The end face friction assembly is connected to the transmission assembly and the loading and force measuring assembly. The support assembly includes support plate I (2) and support plate III (4), which are set on the left and right sides and the base plate is fixed on the platform (1). The transmission assembly includes a motor (5), gear I (6), gear II (7), and bearing III (21). The motor (5) is connected to the support assembly. Plate III (4) is connected, gear II (7) is engaged with bearing III21 in the center hole of support plate III (4), gear I (6) is connected to motor (5) and meshes with gear II (7); the loading force measuring assembly includes force measuring rod (8), spindle (9), guide rod (11), guide sleeve (12), bearing I (13), bearing II (14), sensor I (15), sensor II (16), spring (17), and clamping nut (18), the clamping nut (18) is threaded to the center hole of support plate I (2). Bearing I (13) is installed in the hole of clamping nut (18). Guide rod (11), sensor I (15), and spindle (9) are connected in pairs by threads. The left section of guide rod (11) is connected to bearing I (13), and the right section of spindle (9) is connected to bearing II (14) in the left end hole of force measuring rod (8). Force measuring rod (8) and gear II (7) are both equipped with end face components. Guide sleeve (12) and spring (17) are both sleeved on the outer circle of guide rod (11). The left end of guide sleeve (12) is connected to bearing I. (13) end face contact, right end presses the left end of spring (17), right end of spring (17) presses on the step surface of guide rod (11); the front and rear ends of force measuring rod (8) are symmetrically connected to a sensor II (16); the center of gear II (7), bearing III (21), force measuring rod (8), bearing II (14), spindle (9), sensor I (15), guide rod (11), spring (17), guide sleeve (12), bearing I (13), and clamping nut (18) are on the same straight line.

2. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right end faces of sensor I (15) are in contact with the stepped surface of guide rod (11) and the stepped surface of spindle (9) respectively, and bearing II (14) is in contact with the stepped surface of spindle (9).

3. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face assembly includes a standard test block (22) and a sample (23). The standard test block (22) is installed inside the force measuring rod (8), and the sample (23) is installed inside the gear II (7). The end face of the standard test block (22) and the sample (23) are in contact.

4. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: A countersunk hole or boss is provided at the center of the right end of the force measuring rod (8), and the standard test block (22) is fixedly connected to the countersunk hole or boss; the sample (23) is fixedly connected in the center hole of gear II (7); the plane of the standard test block (22) is in contact with the protruding surface of the sample (23).

5. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly also includes a support plate II (3) and a copper sleeve (10). The support plate II (3) is set between the support plate I (2) and the support plate III (4), and its base plate is fixed on the platform (1). The copper sleeve (10) is set in the hole of the support plate II (3), and the middle section of the spindle (9) is engaged with the copper sleeve (10).

6. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (5) is fixed on the right end face of the support plate Ⅲ (4). Its output shaft passes through the front end hole of the support plate Ⅲ (4) and is fitted with gear Ⅰ (6). The optical shaft section of gear Ⅱ (7) is engaged with bearing Ⅲ (21).

7. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: Waist-shaped grooves are provided on the bottom plates of support plate I (2), support plate II (3), and support plate III (4).

8. The sliding friction and wear testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of disc springs in the spring component (17) can be increased or decreased according to the load conditions, and different installation forms between disc springs can be determined to meet the needs of friction load adjustment.

9. The test method of the sliding friction and wear test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps:

1. Before the test, determine the contact area and contact pressure of the test specimen and the standard specimen based on the actual working conditions at the work site, and calculate the pressure load of the spring component; The specifications, installation method, and quantity of disc springs in the spring components are determined based on the load; the specifications of gear I and gear II are calculated based on the friction speed and motor speed under actual working conditions.

1. Weigh the sample; 2. Loosen the clamping nut, adjust the disc spring, gear I, and gear II according to the calculation results, move the mandrel and force measuring rod axially, install the sample and standard test block in the end face of gear II and force measuring rod, and add lubricating oil to the contact surface of the two; 3. Adjust support plate I, support plate II, and support plate III to ensure that the centers of gear II, bearing III, force measuring rod, bearing II, mandrel, sensor I, guide rod, spring, guide sleeve, bearing I, and clamping nut are on the same straight line; Tighten the clamping nut and apply load based on the reading of sensor I to ensure heavy-load conditions; fourth, start the motor to conduct a friction and wear test, record the pressure values ​​of each sensor, and calculate the contact pressure, friction torque, and friction coefficient; fifth, after the test, stop the motor, clean the sample, weigh it, and record the amount of wear.

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