Dual-band dual-polarized wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to a dual-frequency dual-polarized wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna and electronic equipment. The millimeter wave array antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer, a first electromagnetic band gap layer and a second electromagnetic band gap layer which are sequentially stacked and separated from each other. The first radiation layer comprises a plurality of first radiation units arranged periodically, and the first radiation units are dual-polarized radiation units. The second radiation layer comprises a plurality of second radiation units arranged periodically, and the second radiation units are dual-polarized radiation units. The working frequency band of the second radiation units is lower than that of the first radiation units. The working frequency band of the first electromagnetic band gap layer corresponds to that of the first radiation units. The working frequency band of the second electromagnetic band gap layer corresponds to that of the second radiation units.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a dual-frequency, dual-polarization, wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave technology for 5G applications is a hot topic in academia and industry. At the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19), a globally unified millimeter-wave frequency band was determined for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Currently, the main 5G millimeter-wave frequency bands globally are 24.25-27.5GHz, 37-43.5GHz, 45.5-47GHz, 47.2-48.2GHz, and 66-71GHz. In mobile terminals, due to the presence of Sub-6GHz antennas, metal baffles, and screens, the space for millimeter-wave arrays is very limited. Therefore, higher demands are placed on wide-scan-angle and miniaturized antenna arrays in the millimeter-wave band. Achieving dual-band millimeter-wave operation within limited space is a problem that needs to be overcome.

[0003] With the allocation of millimeter-wave frequency bands in the mobile communication field, more and more scholars have begun to design millimeter-wave antennas. However, due to the limitations of millimeter-wave antenna elements, they cannot well meet the needs of the communication field. Therefore, it is necessary to array individual antennas. With the introduction of array antennas, the phase scan capability of the antenna array has become an important technical indicator in mobile terminal communication. Since simple array antennas cannot meet the wide-angle scanning requirements of millimeter-wave terminals, current millimeter-wave array antennas adopt different methods to improve the phase scan angle. How to achieve the design of a dual-frequency, dual-polarization millimeter-wave antenna within a small volume, and the dual-frequency, dual-polarization wide-angle scanning of the array antenna, has become an important issue in the design of millimeter-wave array antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application proposes a dual-frequency dual-polarization wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna and electronic device.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application proposes a dual-frequency, dual-polarization, wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna, comprising, from top to bottom, stacked and spaced apart from each other:

[0006] The first radiation layer includes a plurality of first radiation units arranged in a periodic manner, wherein the first radiation unit is a dual-polarized radiation unit;

[0007] The second radiation layer includes a plurality of periodically arranged second radiation units, each of which is a dual-polarized radiation unit, and the operating frequency band of the second radiation unit is lower than that of the first radiation unit.

[0008] The first electromagnetic bandgap layer, the operating frequency band of the first electromagnetic bandgap layer corresponds to the operating frequency band of the first radiating unit;

[0009] The second electromagnetic bandgap layer operates at a frequency band that corresponds to the operating frequency band of the second radiating unit.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the array antenna further includes a ground layer stacked below the second electromagnetic bandgap layer and spaced apart from it.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the array antenna further includes:

[0012] A first dielectric layer is disposed between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer;

[0013] The second dielectric layer is disposed between the second radiating layer and the first electromagnetic bandgap layer;

[0014] A third dielectric layer is disposed between the first electromagnetic bandgap layer and the second electromagnetic bandgap layer;

[0015] The fourth dielectric layer is disposed between the second electromagnetic bandgap layer and the ground layer.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the zero-phase point of the first electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the first radiating element, and the zero-phase point of the second electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the second radiating element.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the plurality of first radiating elements are arranged at intervals along a first direction, each first radiating element having a polarization direction at +45° to a second direction and another polarization direction at -45° to the second direction; wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;

[0018] The plurality of second radiating elements are arranged at intervals along the first direction, and each second radiating element has a polarization direction at +45° to the second direction and another polarization direction at -45° to the second direction;

[0019] The first electromagnetic bandgap layer includes a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap units arranged in a first two-dimensional matrix. The row direction of the first two-dimensional matrix has an angle of +45° with the second direction, and the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix has an angle of -45° with the second direction.

[0020] The second electromagnetic bandgap layer includes a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap units arranged in a second two-dimensional matrix, wherein the row direction of the second two-dimensional matrix is ​​the first direction and the column direction of the second two-dimensional matrix is ​​the second direction.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the first radiating element has a first feed point and a second feed point, the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating element and the first feed point and the second direction is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating element and the second feed point and the second direction is -45°.

[0022] The second radiating element has a third feed point and a fourth feed point. The angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating element and the third feed point and the second direction is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating element and the fourth feed point and the second direction is -45°.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the first radiating element includes:

[0024] A first central portion, wherein the first central portion is a square, and one diagonal of the first central portion extends along the first direction; and

[0025] Four first protruding portions, which extend vertically from the four sides of the first central portion, and the width of the first protruding portion is equal to the length of the side of the first central portion.

[0026] The second radiating element includes:

[0027] The second central portion is square, and its two sides extend along the first direction; and

[0028] Four second protruding portions, which extend outward from the four corners of the second central portion along the diagonal direction of the second central portion;

[0029] The first electromagnetic bandgap unit includes:

[0030] The first metal pattern is square, and the two sides of the first metal pattern extend along the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix.

[0031] Four second metal patterns, each a square of the same size, are integrally disposed at the four corners of the first metal pattern. Two sides of each second metal pattern extend along the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix, and one corner of each second metal pattern coincides with one corner of the first metal pattern.

[0032] Four third metal patterns, each of which is a straight line, extend vertically from the center of the four sides of the first metal pattern.

[0033] Specifically, for any two adjacent first electromagnetic bandgap units, the third metal pattern of one first electromagnetic bandgap unit is connected to the third metal pattern of the other first electromagnetic bandgap unit and is collinear.

[0034] The second electromagnetic bandgap unit is an octagon, which is formed by four first sides of equal length and four second sides of equal length. The first sides and the second sides are arranged alternately along the circumference of the octagon, wherein two of the first sides extend along the first direction and the other two of the first sides extend along the second direction.

[0035] In some possible implementations, when viewed downwards towards the first radiation layer, each of the first radiation elements falls completely within a corresponding second radiation element, and the geometric center of each of the first radiation elements coincides with the geometric center of the corresponding second radiation element.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first radiating units is 0.53λ1, and the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent second radiating units is 0.36λ2, where λ1 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum when the first radiating unit operates at its center frequency, λ2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum when the second radiating unit operates at its center frequency, and 0.53λ1 = 0.36λ2.

[0037] In a second aspect, this application proposes an electronic device including an array antenna as described in the first aspect.

[0038] The array antenna provided in this application adopts a stacked design of high and low frequency dual-band millimeter-wave radiating elements, which helps to reduce size. It is configured with a double-layer electromagnetic bandgap structure below, with each layer of electromagnetic bandgap structure matching the upper radiating layer in shape and arrangement and corresponding to the operating frequency band. This allows the dual-band antenna to achieve good matching at large angles, effectively broadening the antenna's radiation pattern, improving the beam scanning angle of the entire array, and also improving the isolation between radiating elements. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit this application.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-frequency, dual-polarization, wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the structure shown.

[0042] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the medium array antenna from above.

[0043] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a portion of the structure of the medium array antenna from a top-down perspective;

[0044] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first electromagnetic bandgap unit in the top view;

[0045] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the second electromagnetic bandgap unit in the top view.

[0046] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Reflection phase diagram of the first electromagnetic bandgap layer and the second electromagnetic bandgap layer.

[0047] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 The emission coefficient of the array antenna at each scanning angle.

[0048] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 The reflection coefficient of the array antenna at each scanning angle after the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers are removed.

[0049] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 Scanning performance of the medium array antenna at 28 GHz.

[0050] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 Scanning performance of the medium array antenna at 40 GHz.

[0051] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 The scanning performance of the array antenna at 28 GHz after the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers were removed.

[0052] Figure 13 yes Figure 1 The scanning performance of the array antenna at 40 GHz after removing the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers.

[0053] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0054] F1 - First direction, F2 - Second direction;

[0055] 1-First radiating unit; 11-First central portion; 12-First protruding portion;

[0056] 2-Second radiating unit, 21-Second central portion, 22-Second protruding portion;

[0057] 3-First electromagnetic bandgap unit, 31-First metal pattern, 32-Second metal pattern, 33-Third metal pattern;

[0058] 4-Second electromagnetic bandgap unit, 41-First side, 42-Second side;

[0059] 5-First medium layer, 6-Second medium layer, 7-Third medium layer, 8-Fourth medium layer, 9-Formation. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the described embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It is understood that, without conflict, some technical means of the various embodiments described herein can be substituted for or combined with each other.

[0061] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. Therefore, objects specified with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those objects. Furthermore, the words "one" or "a" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one, while "multiple" indicates at least two.

[0062] In the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," or "horizontal" indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, they are only for the purpose of clearly and simply describing this application, and do not indicate or imply that the elements referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. These directional terms are relative concepts used for relative description and clarification, and may change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as "below" other elements will be positioned "above" other elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the aforementioned terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0063] In the description of this application, the terms "stacked" or "laminated" include not only cases where the layers are in contact with each other (or laminated), but also cases where another layer is sandwiched between them (or laminated).

[0064] Figures 1 to 6 This paper illustrates a specific embodiment of the dual-frequency dual-polarization wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna of this application. The array antenna includes, from top to bottom, a first radiating layer, a first dielectric layer 5, a second radiating layer, a second dielectric layer 6, a first electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) layer, a third dielectric layer 7, a second electromagnetic bandgap layer, a fourth dielectric layer 8, and a ground layer 9.

[0065] The first radiating layer comprises a plurality of periodically arranged first radiating units 1, and each first radiating unit 1 is a dual-polarized radiating unit (having two mutually orthogonal polarization directions). More specifically, the plurality of first radiating units 1 are arranged at intervals along a straight line along a first direction F1. Furthermore, each first radiating unit 1 operates in the high-frequency band of millimeter waves, or in other words, the operating frequency of each first radiating unit 1 (i.e., the operating frequency of the first radiating layer) is in the high-frequency band of millimeter waves. Specifically, in this embodiment, the operating frequency band of each first radiating unit 1 is 39-41 GHz, and its center operating frequency is 40 GHz.

[0066] The second radiating layer comprises a plurality of periodically arranged second radiating units 2, and each second radiating unit 2 is also a dual-polarized radiating unit (having two mutually orthogonal polarization directions). More specifically, the plurality of second radiating units 2 are also arranged at intervals along a straight line along the aforementioned first direction F1, thereby forming a one-dimensional linear array composed of the plurality of second radiating units 2. Furthermore, each second radiating unit 2 operates in the low-frequency band of millimeter waves, or in other words, the operating frequency of each second radiating unit 2 (i.e., the operating frequency of the second radiating layer) is in the low-frequency band of millimeter waves. Specifically, in this embodiment, the operating frequency band of each second radiating unit 2 is 26-28.5 GHz, and its center operating frequency is 27.25 GHz.

[0067] The first electromagnetic bandgap layer is specifically a UC-EBG (Uniplanar Compact Electromagnetic Band-Gap) structure, which includes a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap units 3 arranged in a first two-dimensional matrix. Furthermore, the row direction of this first two-dimensional matrix forms a +45° angle with the second direction F2, and the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix forms a -45° angle with the second direction F2. The second direction F2 is perpendicular to the aforementioned first direction F1. In addition, the operating frequency band of this first electromagnetic bandgap layer corresponds to the operating frequency band of the first radiating unit 1; specifically, the operating frequency band of this first electromagnetic bandgap layer is also 39-41 GHz.

[0068] The second electromagnetic bandgap layer includes a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap units 4 arranged in a second two-dimensional matrix. The row direction of this second two-dimensional matrix is ​​the aforementioned first direction F1, and the column direction is the aforementioned second direction F2. Furthermore, the operating frequency band of this second electromagnetic bandgap layer corresponds to the operating frequency band of the second radiating unit 2; specifically, the operating frequency band of this second electromagnetic bandgap layer is 26-29 GHz.

[0069] As can be seen from the above description, there is a 45° misalignment angle between the second two-dimensional matrix and the first two-dimensional matrix, and there is also a 45° misalignment angle between the arrangement direction of the first radiating unit 1 and the second radiating unit 2 and the first two-dimensional matrix.

[0070] Layer 9 can be a metal sheet, which is also called the floor because it is plate-shaped.

[0071] The first dielectric layer 5, the second dielectric layer 6, the third dielectric layer 7, and the fourth dielectric layer 8 can each be independently made of plastic or rubber, and they provide support and positioning for the aforementioned first radiating layer, second radiating layer, first electromagnetic bandgap layer, second electromagnetic bandgap layer, and ground layer 9. Alternatively, the first dielectric layer 5, the second dielectric layer 6, the third dielectric layer 7, and the fourth dielectric layer 8 can also be air without physical support capabilities. In this case, the relative positions of the first radiating layer, the second radiating layer, the first electromagnetic bandgap layer, the second electromagnetic bandgap layer, and ground layer 9 can be stabilized by other means, such as by setting up fixed supports.

[0072] As previously mentioned, the first radiating unit 1 and the second radiating unit 2 are each a dual-polarized radiating unit with two orthogonal polarization directions. More specifically, one polarization direction of the first radiating unit 1 forms an angle of +45° with the aforementioned second direction F2, and the other polarization direction forms an angle of -45° with the aforementioned second direction F2, commonly referred to as ±45° dual polarization; similarly, one polarization direction of the second radiating unit 2 forms an angle of +45° with the aforementioned second direction F2, and the other polarization direction forms an angle of -45° with the aforementioned second direction F2.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 and combined Figure 4The aforementioned ±45° dual polarization of the first radiating unit 1 and the second radiating unit 2 is achieved through the following structure: the first radiating unit 1 has a first feed point and a second feed point, the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating unit 1 and the first feed point and the second direction F2 is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating unit 1 and the second feed point and the second direction F2 is -45°; the second radiating unit 2 has a third feed point and a fourth feed point, the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating unit 2 and the third feed point and the second direction F2 is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating unit 2 and the fourth feed point and the second direction F2 is -45°.

[0074] In this embodiment, the two feed points of the first radiating element 1 are directly electrically connected. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two feed lines shown are not labeled, and the two feed points of the second radiating unit 2 are not directly electrically connected to these two feed lines. The two feed points of the second radiating unit 2 are through-hole structures, and the aforementioned two feed lines pass through these two through-holes respectively to connect to the two feed points of the first radiating unit 1. The two feed points of the second radiating unit 2 are fed by electromagnetic coupling.

[0075] Please see Figure 4 and combined Figure 2 Each first radiating element 1 includes a first central portion 11 and four first protruding portions 12, with the aforementioned two feed points of the first radiating element 1 located in two of the first protruding portions 12. The first central portion 11 is square, and one diagonal of the first central portion 11 extends along a first direction F1, meaning that the other diagonal of the first central portion 11 extends along a second direction F2. The four first protruding portions 12 extend vertically integrally from the four sides of the first central portion 11, and the width of each first protruding portion 12 (i.e., the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the first protruding portion 12) is equal to the length of the side of the first central portion 11. Thus, the first radiating element 1 has a standard cross-shaped structure.

[0076] Please continue reading Figure 4 and combined Figure 2 Each second radiating element 2 includes a second central portion 21 and four second protruding portions 22. The second central portion 21 is square, and two sides of the second central portion 21 extend along a first direction F1, meaning that the other two sides of the second central portion 21 extend along a second direction F2. The four second protruding portions 22 extend outward from the four corners of the second central portion 21 along the diagonal direction of the second central portion 21. The aforementioned two feed points of the second radiating element 2 are located at the two corners of the second central portion 21, respectively.

[0077] Please see again. Figure 4 and combined Figure 1 and Figure 3 When viewed downwards from the first radiation layer, each first radiation unit 1 falls completely within its corresponding second radiation unit 2, and the geometric center of each first radiation unit 1 coincides with the geometric center of its corresponding second radiation unit 2. This means that the area of ​​the first radiation unit 1 is smaller than that of the second radiation unit 2.

[0078] Please see Figure 5 Each first electromagnetic bandgap unit 3 includes a first metal pattern 31, four second metal patterns 32, and four third metal patterns 33. The first metal pattern 31 is a square, and each second metal pattern 32 is a square of the same size. The four second metal patterns 32 are integrally disposed at the four corners of the first metal pattern 31. Furthermore, one diagonal of the first metal pattern 31 and one diagonal of the second metal pattern 32 extend along a first direction F1, meaning that the other diagonal of the first metal pattern 31 and the other diagonal of the second metal pattern 32 extend along a second direction F2. It also means that two sides of the first metal pattern 31 and two sides of the second metal pattern 32 extend along the column direction of the aforementioned first two-dimensional matrix, and the other two sides of the first metal pattern 31 and the other two sides of the second metal pattern 32 extend along the row direction of the aforementioned first two-dimensional matrix. One corner of each second metal pattern 32 coincides with one corner of the first metal pattern 31, and the overlapping area is a square. Each of the four third metal patterns 33 is a straight line, and these four third metal patterns 33 extend vertically from the center of the four sides of the first metal pattern 31. See also... Figure 1 and combined Figure 2 For any two adjacent first electromagnetic bandgap units 3, the third metal pattern 33 of one first electromagnetic bandgap unit 3 is connected to the third metal pattern 33 of the other first electromagnetic bandgap unit 3 and is collinear.

[0079] Each second electromagnetic bandgap unit 4 is octagonal, formed by four first sides 41 of equal length and four second sides 42 of equal length. The first sides 41 and second sides 42 are arranged alternately along the circumference of the octagon, with two first sides 41 extending along a first direction F1 and the other two first sides 41 extending along a second direction F2. Each second electromagnetic bandgap unit 4 is spaced apart from each other in the plane containing the second electromagnetic bandgap layer. See also... Figure 6 and combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the array antenna further includes a plurality of metallized vias penetrating the fourth dielectric layer 8 and corresponding one-to-one with each of the second electromagnetic bandgap units 4 (in Figure 6(Shown as dark circles in the image), each metallized via electrically connects a corresponding second electromagnetic bandgap unit 4 to the formation 9. More specifically, the metallized via extends downward from the geometric center of the second electromagnetic bandgap unit 4.

[0080] In this embodiment, the first radiating unit 1, the second radiating unit 2, the first electromagnetic bandgap unit 3, and the second electromagnetic bandgap unit 4 are all metal sheet structures.

[0081] Figure 7 This is a reflection phase diagram of the aforementioned first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers. In this embodiment, the first electromagnetic bandgap layer can provide a reflection phase zero point for the first radiating unit 1 (high frequency) in the +45° and -45° polarization directions, without interfering with the low-frequency radiation of the second radiating unit 2. The second electromagnetic bandgap layer can provide a reflection phase zero point for the second radiating unit 2 (low frequency) in the +45° and -45° polarization directions, without interfering with the high-frequency radiation of the first radiating unit 1. The zero-phase point of the first electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the first radiating unit 1, which is also the operating frequency band of the first radiating layer. The zero-phase point of the second electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the second radiating unit 2, which is also the operating frequency band of the second radiating layer.

[0082] In this embodiment, let λ1 be the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum when the high-frequency radiation unit operates at the center frequency (40GHz), and λ2 be the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum when the low-frequency radiation unit operates at the center frequency (27.25GHz). Then, the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent high-frequency radiation units is approximately 0.53λ1, and the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent low-frequency radiation units is approximately 0.36λ2, and 0.53λ1 = 0.36λ2.

[0083] Figure 8 The array antenna of this embodiment (i.e.) is shown. Figure 1 The emission coefficients of the array antenna shown are displayed at various scanning angles for comparison. Figure 9 It shows that Figure 1 The emission coefficients of the array antenna at various scanning angles after the removal of the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The comparison shows that introducing the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers at large angles results in better port matching for the array antenna.

[0084] Figure 10 The scanning performance of the array antenna in this embodiment at 28 GHz (low frequency) is shown. Figure 11 The scanning performance of the array antenna in this embodiment at 40 GHz (high frequency) is shown for comparison. Figure 12 It shows that Figure 1The scanning performance of the array antenna at 28 GHz after the removal of the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers. Figure 13 It shows that Figure 1 The scanning performance of the array antenna at 40 GHz after the removal of the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers. Figures 10 to 13 It can be seen that without the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers, the overall scanning performance of the array antenna is ±60° for low-frequency scanning angle and ±30° for high-frequency scanning angle. After loading the first and second electromagnetic bandgap layers, the array antenna achieves ±72° for low-frequency scanning angle and ±45° for high-frequency scanning angle, thus extending the scanning angle in both high and low frequency bands.

[0085] In addition, this application also provides an electronic device including an array antenna with the above-described structure.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency, dual-polarization, wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave array antenna, characterized in that, Including those that are stacked from top to bottom and separated from each other: The first radiation layer includes a plurality of periodically arranged first radiation units, each of which is a dual-polarized radiation unit. The plurality of first radiation units are spaced apart along a first direction. Each first radiation unit has a polarization direction at +45° to a second direction and another polarization direction at -45° to the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The second radiation layer includes a plurality of periodically arranged second radiation units, each of which is a dual-polarized radiation unit. The operating frequency of the second radiation unit is lower than that of the first radiation unit. The plurality of second radiation units are arranged at intervals along the first direction. Each second radiation unit has a polarization direction at +45° to the second direction and another polarization direction at -45° to the second direction. The first electromagnetic bandgap layer has an operating frequency band corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first radiating unit, and the zero phase point of the first electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the first radiating unit. The first electromagnetic bandgap layer includes a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap units arranged in a first two-dimensional matrix. The row direction of the first two-dimensional matrix has an angle of +45° with the second direction, and the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix has an angle of -45° with the second direction. The second electromagnetic bandgap layer has an operating frequency band corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second radiating unit, and the zero phase point of the second electromagnetic bandgap layer is located within the operating frequency band of the second radiating unit. The second electromagnetic bandgap layer includes a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap units arranged in a second two-dimensional matrix, with the row direction of the second two-dimensional matrix being the first direction and the column direction of the second two-dimensional matrix being the second direction.

2. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array antenna also includes a ground layer stacked below the second electromagnetic bandgap layer and separated from it.

3. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The array antenna also includes: A first dielectric layer is disposed between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer; The second dielectric layer is disposed between the second radiating layer and the first electromagnetic bandgap layer; A third dielectric layer is disposed between the first electromagnetic bandgap layer and the second electromagnetic bandgap layer; The fourth dielectric layer is disposed between the second electromagnetic bandgap layer and the ground layer.

4. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiating element has a first feed point and a second feed point. The angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating element and the first feed point and the second direction is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the first radiating element and the second feed point and the second direction is -45°. The second radiating element has a third feed point and a fourth feed point. The angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating element and the third feed point and the second direction is +45°, and the angle between the line connecting the geometric center of the second radiating element and the fourth feed point and the second direction is -45°.

5. The array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first radiating element includes: A first central portion, wherein the first central portion is a square, and one diagonal of the first central portion extends along the first direction; and Four first protruding portions, which extend vertically from the four sides of the first central portion, and the width of the first protruding portion is equal to the length of the side of the first central portion. The second radiating element includes: The second central portion is square, and its two sides extend along the first direction; and Four second protruding portions, which extend outward from the four corners of the second central portion along the diagonal direction of the second central portion; The first electromagnetic bandgap unit includes: The first metal pattern is square, and the two sides of the first metal pattern extend along the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix. Four second metal patterns, each a square of the same size, are integrally disposed at the four corners of the first metal pattern. Two sides of each second metal pattern extend along the column direction of the first two-dimensional matrix, and one corner of each second metal pattern coincides with one corner of the first metal pattern. Four third metal patterns, each of which is a straight line, extend vertically from the center of the four sides of the first metal pattern. Wherein, for any two adjacent first electromagnetic bandgap units, the third metal pattern of one first electromagnetic bandgap unit is connected to the third metal pattern of the other first electromagnetic bandgap unit and is collinear. The second electromagnetic bandgap unit is an octagon, which is formed by four first sides of equal length and four second sides of equal length. The first sides and the second sides are arranged alternately along the circumference of the octagon, wherein two of the first sides extend along the first direction and the other two of the first sides extend along the second direction.

6. The array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, When viewed downwards from the first radiation layer, each of the first radiation elements falls completely within a corresponding second radiation element, and the geometric center of each of the first radiation elements coincides with the geometric center of the corresponding second radiation element.

7. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first radiating units is 0.53λ1, and the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent second radiating units is 0.36λ2, where λ1 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum when the first radiating unit operates at its center frequency, and λ2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum when the second radiating unit operates at its center frequency, and 0.53λ1 = 0.36λ2.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the array antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images