Solar cell modules, their preparation, testing and repair methods

Abstract

This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a solar cell module and its fabrication, testing, and repair methods. The solar cell module includes: a substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate; a stacked structure located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; and a second electrode layer located on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate. The orthographic projection of the first electrode layer onto the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure onto the substrate. By changing the size of the first electrode layer, ensuring that the first electrode layer is always covered by the stacked structure, and preventing the first and second electrode layers from overlapping, the problem of short circuits caused by melting between the first and second electrode layers during the edge-cleaning process can be effectively avoided, further improving the efficiency and reliability of the solar cell module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a solar cell module and its preparation, testing, and repair methods. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of solar cells, researchers have developed various types of solar cells. Among them, thin-film solar cells have attracted attention due to their advantages such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, good performance, and low cost. After completing the deposition of all film layers and the scribing process, the cells need to undergo edge cleaning. Edge cleaning involves selectively removing all or part of the functional layers at the cell edges to ensure edge insulation.

[0003] Currently, lasers are commonly used to remove the film layer. However, due to the high energy of the laser, excessive heat is generated during the edge removal process, causing the upper transparent conductive layer and the back electrode layer to short-circuit, which affects the performance of thin-film solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a solar cell module and its preparation, testing and repair methods, thereby solving the problem of short circuits caused by electrode melting and conduction during the preparation of solar cell modules.

[0005] In a first aspect, one embodiment of this application provides a solar cell module, the module comprising: a substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate; a stacked structure located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; and a second electrode layer located on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate; wherein the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, the stacked structure includes a plurality of functional film layers, and for each of the plurality of functional film layers, the edge of each functional film layer is spaced apart from the edge of the substrate by a preset distance; preferably, the preset distance is 1 cm.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, the distance between the edge of the first electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a first distance, the distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate is a second distance, and the distance between the edge of the second electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a third distance. The first distance is greater than the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the third distance.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, when the lateral centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the lateral centerline of the substrate, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer is less than the longitudinal length of each functional film layer, and the effective longitudinal length is the longitudinal length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer; and / or, when the longitudinal centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the substrate, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer is less than the lateral length of each functional film layer, and the effective lateral length is the lateral length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer; wherein, the lateral centerline is perpendicular to the laser etching direction, and the longitudinal centerline is parallel to the laser etching direction.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of this application, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer; and / or, the effective transverse length of the first electrode layer is less than the transverse length of the second electrode layer.

[0012] Secondly, one embodiment of this application provides a method for fabricating a solar cell module, the method comprising: providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode layer on the substrate; fabricating a stacked structure on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; fabricating a second electrode layer on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate; wherein the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate.

[0013] Thirdly, one embodiment of this application provides a detection method for a solar cell module, applied to the solar cell module mentioned in the first aspect. The solar cell module includes multiple battery cells. The detection method includes: collecting the resistance value between any two battery cells; determining whether the resistance value between the two battery cells falls within a preset abnormal resistance value range; if so, determining that there is a short circuit between the two battery cells.

[0014] Fourthly, one embodiment of this application provides a method for repairing a solar cell module, applied to the solar cell module mentioned in the first aspect. The solar cell module includes multiple battery cells. The repair method includes: if it is determined that there is a short circuit between two battery cells, a large instantaneous current is applied between the two battery cells to burn off the connection between the two battery cells, so as to repair the solar cell module; wherein, the large instantaneous current is a current generated within a preset time that is greater than a preset value.

[0015] This application provides a solar cell module and its fabrication, testing, and repair methods. The solar cell module includes: a substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate; a stacked structure located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; and a second electrode layer located on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate. The orthographic projection of the first electrode layer onto the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure onto the substrate. By changing the size of the first electrode layer, it is ensured that the bottom first electrode layer is always covered by the intermediate stacked structure, preventing the first and second electrode layers from overlapping. This effectively avoids the problem of short circuits caused by melting between the first and second electrode layers during the edge-cleaning process, further improving the efficiency and reliability of the solar cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a solar cell module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a solar cell module provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a method for preparing a solar cell module according to another embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a detection method for a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a solar cell module provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 7 The diagram shows a flowchart illustrating a method for repairing a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] With the development of photovoltaic cell technology, thin-film photovoltaic cells have become a new type of photovoltaic device for alleviating the energy crisis. Thin-film solar cells, due to their flexibility, can be fabricated into non-planar structures, making their applications wide-ranging. They can be integrated with buildings or become part of the building structure, and are currently used in flexible products such as automotive photovoltaics and wearable electronics, showing broad application prospects. Among them, thin-film batteries based on organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide (perovskite) materials have received considerable attention in the photovoltaic solar cell field in recent years. In just over a decade, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-cell perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased from 3.8% to 25.7%, approaching that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In the fabrication process of thin-film batteries, to improve the overall output voltage of the solar cell module, the cells are typically divided into multiple parallel cell units using laser etching, with adjacent cell units connected in series.

[0025] The fabrication of thin-film battery modules requires four essential laser processes: P1, P2, P3, and P4.

[0026] P1 process: The bottom conductive oxide (TCO) thin film substrate is cleaved using a laser device.

[0027] P2 process: Laser scribing is used to scribble open the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer, with the aim of exposing the TCO electrode layer and providing a channel for connecting the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent sub-cells.

[0028] P3 process: Remove some functional film layers to separate the positive electrode of adjacent sub-cells.

[0029] P4 process: Laser edge cleaning refers to using laser technology to remove the deposited film at the edge of the cell. This process is relatively mature and can also be applied to thin-film cells. This method is highly efficient, but it can cause side-fusing problems of the film layers, i.e., the bottom electrode and the top electrode overlap, which can lead to a short circuit and affect the efficiency and reliability of the solar cell module.

[0030] In view of this, this application provides a solar cell module and its preparation, testing and repair methods to solve the problem of short circuits caused by electrode melting and conduction during the preparation of solar cell modules.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the solar cell module 1 includes: a substrate 10, a first electrode layer 20 disposed on the substrate 10, a stacked structure 30, and a second electrode layer 40. The stacked structure 30 is located on the side of the first electrode layer 20 away from the substrate 10. The second electrode layer 40 is located on the side of the stacked structure 30 away from the substrate 10. The orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 20 onto the substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure 30 onto the substrate 10.

[0032] Specifically, the solar cell module 1 is a solar cell string composed of multiple parallel solar cell units 2 connected in series. A solar cell unit 2 refers to the smallest unit that functions as a solar cell capable of extracting electricity. The solar cell unit 2 can be a flexible solar cell chip. Each solar cell unit 2 has one or more pairs of electrodes for outputting electricity. The solar cell unit 2 can be a two-sided electrode type with electrodes on both the front and back sides, or a back electrode type with electrodes only on the back side. The positive and negative electrodes of adjacent solar cell units 2 are connected in series to form the flexible solar cell module 1.

[0033] For example, the first electrode layer 20 can be a bottom electrode layer. The second electrode layer 40 can be a top electrode layer. Specifically, the first electrode layer 20 can be a TCO (transparent oxide) transparent conductive bottom electrode. The material of the second electrode layer 40 includes conductive metals such as Au and Ag, or it can be a TCO electrode such as ITO or FTO, or a carbon electrode.

[0034] For example, the stacked structure 30 includes a hole transport layer 31, a perovskite layer 32, and an electron transport layer 33. An interface modification layer or other functional film layer may exist between the perovskite layer 32 and the electron transport layer 33. This application does not limit the specific structure of the stacked structure 30, and it can be set according to the actual situation.

[0035] Specifically, in the direction away from the substrate 10 (i.e. Figure 1 In the Y direction (as shown in the image), the solar cell module 1 includes a first electrode layer 20, a stacked structure 30, and a second electrode layer 40 stacked sequentially. The projected area of ​​the first electrode layer 20 on the substrate 10 is smaller than the projected area of ​​the stacked structure 30 on the substrate 10. That is, the stacked structure 30 always covers the first electrode layer 20. During the laser fabrication process, the first electrode layer 20 is prevented from contacting the second electrode layer 40.

[0036] For example, the solar cell unit 2 can be a rigid cell structure with glass or other rigid materials as substrates, or a flexible cell structure with flexible polymer materials such as polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) as substrates.

[0037] For example, the solar cell module 1 includes one or more solar cells with different structures, such as silicon solar cells, arsenic telluride, copper indium gallium selenide and other semiconductor solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and organic solar cells.

[0038] For example, the substrate 10 can be made of a flexible material, and multiple solar cell units 2 are arranged in parallel on the surface of the substrate 10. The substrate 10 can be made of an elastic polymer plastic or a rubber substrate. The material of the substrate 10 may include one or more of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polycarbonate.

[0039] The solar cell module provided in this application embodiment, by changing the size of the first electrode layer 20, ensures that the bottom first electrode layer 20 is always covered by the intermediate stacked structure 30, preventing the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 from overlapping. This can effectively avoid the problem of melting and short circuit of the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 caused by the edge cleaning process, and further improve the efficiency and reliability of the cell module.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a solar cell module provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 20 on the substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10.

[0041] Specifically, the projected area of ​​the first electrode layer 20 on the substrate 10 is smaller than the projected area of ​​the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10. The top, bottom, left, and right edges of the first electrode layer 20 cannot contact the second electrode layer 40.

[0042] In the solar cell module provided in this application embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 20 on the substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10, ensuring that the bottom first electrode layer 20 will not directly contact the top second electrode layer 40, thus preventing a short circuit.

[0043] In some embodiments, continue as follows Figure 2 As shown, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure 30 on the substrate 10.

[0044] Specifically, the projected area of ​​the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10 is smaller than the projected area of ​​the stacked structure 30 on the substrate 10, and the projected area of ​​the first electrode layer 20 on the substrate 10 is smaller than the projected areas of the second electrode layer 40 and the stacked structure 30 on the substrate 10.

[0045] It should be understood that the stacked structure 30 includes multiple functional film layers of different sizes. The orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10 fall on the orthographic projection of the smallest film layer among the multiple functional film layers on the substrate 10.

[0046] In the solar cell module provided in this application embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 40 on the substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure 30 on the substrate 10, which can prevent the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 from contacting each other, and further prevent short circuit problems.

[0047] In some embodiments, the stacked structure 30 includes a plurality of functional film layers, and for each of the plurality of functional film layers, the edge of each functional film layer is spaced apart from the edge of the substrate 10 by a predetermined distance.

[0048] Specifically, the functional film layer includes a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge. The first edge, second edge, third edge, and fourth edge all maintain a predetermined distance from the substrate 10 (i.e., Figure 2 If h2 is used to ensure that the frame does not come into contact with the stacked structure 30 during encapsulation, then the P4 edge clearing of the top and bottom edges and left and right edges of the stacked structure 30 can be avoided.

[0049] Preferably, the preset distance is 1cm.

[0050] The solar cell module provided in this application embodiment has a preset distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate 10, and the sides of multiple functional film layers are all located inside the edge of the substrate 10 with a significant preset distance between them. This can avoid the problem of short circuit between the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40, and also eliminate the need for the thin-film battery laser P4 edge cleaning process, thus ensuring the performance and quality of the solar cell module 1.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a solar cell module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the distance between the edge of the first electrode layer 20 and the edge of the substrate 10 is the first distance, the distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate 10 is the second distance, and the distance between the edge of the second electrode layer 40 and the edge of the substrate 10 is the third distance. The first distance is greater than the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the third distance.

[0052] Specifically, the distance from the first electrode layer 20 to the upper (lower) edge of the substrate 10 is h1, the distance from each functional film layer to the upper (lower) edge of the substrate 10 is h2, and the distance from the second electrode layer 40 to the upper (lower) edge of the substrate 10 is h3. Where h1 > h2max and h1 > h3, h2max refers to the maximum distance among the distances from each of the multiple functional film layers to the upper (lower) edge of the substrate 10.

[0053] The distance from the first electrode layer 20 to the left (right) edge of the substrate 10 is I1, the distance from each functional film layer to the left (right) edge of the substrate 10 is I2, and the distance from the second electrode layer 40 to the left (right) edge of the substrate 10 is I3. It is ensured that I1 > I2max and I1 > I3, where I2max refers to the maximum distance among the distances from each of the multiple functional film layers to the left (right) edge of the substrate 10.

[0054] The solar cell module provided in this application embodiment has a distance between the edge of the first electrode layer 20 and the edge of the substrate 10 that is greater than the distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate 10, and the distance between the edge of the first electrode layer 20 and the edge of the substrate 10 is greater than the distance between the edge of the second electrode layer 40 and the edge of the substrate 10. This ensures that the upper, lower, left, and right edges of the first electrode layer 20 are always covered by functional film layers, preventing the first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 from melting and conducting, which could cause a short circuit in the device.

[0055] In some embodiments, when the lateral centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the lateral centerline of the substrate 10, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the longitudinal length of each functional film layer, and the effective longitudinal length is the longitudinal length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer 20; and / or, when the longitudinal centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the substrate 10, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the lateral length of each functional film layer, and the effective lateral length is the lateral length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer 20; wherein, the lateral centerline is perpendicular to the laser etching direction, and the longitudinal centerline is parallel to the laser etching direction.

[0056] Specifically, a first electrode layer 20 is fabricated on the substrate 10, and a patterned structure is formed by P1 laser etching. For example... Figure 3As shown, the effective lateral length (lateral refers to the etching direction perpendicular to P1) of the first electrode layer 20 is L1, and the effective longitudinal length (longitudinal refers to the etching direction parallel to P1) of the first electrode layer 20 is H1. Here, the effective lateral length refers to the lateral length corresponding to the effective working area in the final formed solar cell module, and the effective longitudinal length refers to the longitudinal length corresponding to the effective working area in the final formed solar cell module. It can be understood that the lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is the effective lateral length, and the longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is the effective longitudinal length. The effective working area is the area of ​​the effective conductive region, i.e. Figure 3 The conductive region where the first electrode layer 20 is located is within the dashed box in the figure.

[0057] Multiple functional film layers are etched using a P2 laser to expose the bottom first electrode layer 20, thereby enabling the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-cells to be interconnected during the subsequent electrode deposition process. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the longitudinal length of the functional film is H2n (each functional film has its own longitudinal length, for example, the longitudinal length of the hole transport layer 31 is H21, the longitudinal length of the perovskite layer 32 is H22, the longitudinal length of the electron transport layer 33 is H23, etc.), and H2 represents the longitudinal length range of all functional films; similarly, L2 represents the transverse length range of all functional films.

[0058] The second electrode layer 40 has a lateral length of L3 and a longitudinal length of H3.

[0059] Using P3 laser etching, at least the second electrode layer 40 is cut off. Optionally, the hole transport layer 31, perovskite layer 32, electron transport layer 33 and other functional film layers can be etched away to expose the first electrode layer 20, thereby cutting off the connection layer other than the electrode and reducing the internal resistance of the battery.

[0060] When the transverse centerline of all functional film layers coincides with the transverse centerline of the substrate 10, that is, all functional film layers are vertically symmetrical with respect to the substrate 10. Where H1 < H2min (i.e., the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the minimum longitudinal length of the multiple functional film layers), the upper and lower sides of the bottom first electrode layer 20 are completely covered by all functional film layers, ensuring that the bottom first electrode layer 20 will not directly contact the top second electrode layer 40, thus preventing a short circuit.

[0061] When the longitudinal centerline of all functional film layers coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the substrate 10, that is, all functional film layers and the substrate 10 are symmetrical from left to right; where L1 < L2min (that is, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the minimum lateral length of the lateral length of multiple functional film layers), the left and right sides of the bottom first electrode layer 20 are completely covered by all functional film layers, ensuring that the bottom first electrode layer 20 will not directly contact the top second electrode layer 40 and cause a short circuit.

[0062] In some embodiments, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer 40; and / or, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the lateral length of the second electrode layer 40.

[0063] When the transverse centerline of all functional film layers coincides with the transverse centerline of the substrate 10, that is, all functional film layers are vertically symmetrical with respect to the substrate 10. Where H1 < H3 (that is, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer 40).

[0064] When the longitudinal centerline of all functional film layers coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the substrate 10, that is, all functional film layers are symmetrical with respect to the substrate 10. Where L1 < L3 (that is, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the lateral length of the second electrode layer 40).

[0065] In the solar cell module provided in this application embodiment, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer 40; and / or, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the lateral length of the second electrode layer 40. By changing the effective longitudinal and lateral lengths of the first electrode layer 20, the area of ​​the first electrode layer 20 is changed, thus solving the problem of side-to-side melting of film layers that easily occurs during laser P4 edge cleaning of the solar cell module, further improving the efficiency and reliability of the battery module.

[0066] In some embodiments, when it is necessary to clear the top and bottom edges, after clearing the edges, it is still ensured that the relationship H1 < H2min and H1 < H3 holds true (the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the minimum longitudinal length of the longitudinal length of the multiple functional film layers, and the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer 40), so as to avoid the first electrode layer 20 at the bottom from contacting the second electrode layer 40 and prevent short circuit problems.

[0067] In some embodiments, when it is necessary to clear the left and right edges, after clearing the edges, it is still ensured that the relationship L1 < L2min and L1 < L3 is still valid (the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the minimum lateral length of the lateral length of the multiple functional film layers, and the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer 20 is less than the lateral length of the second electrode layer 40), so as to avoid the first electrode layer 20 at the bottom from contacting the second electrode layer 40 and prevent short circuit problems.

[0068] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a method for fabricating a solar cell module according to another embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, one embodiment of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, which includes the following steps.

[0069] Step 400: Provide a substrate.

[0070] For example, the substrate may be a photovoltaic material, including but not limited to materials made of polycrystalline silicon wafers or monocrystalline silicon wafers.

[0071] In some embodiments, the substrate may be a transparent substrate.

[0072] Step 401: Prepare a first electrode layer on the substrate.

[0073] For example, the first electrode layer may be a TCO transparent conductive bottom electrode.

[0074] A TCO transparent conductive bottom electrode was fabricated on a substrate, and a patterned structure was formed by P1 laser etching.

[0075] Step 402: Prepare a stacked structure on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate.

[0076] For example, the stacked structure includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer.

[0077] Specifically, an electron transport layer, a perovskite film layer, and a hole transport layer are sequentially fabricated on the first electrode layer. An interface modification layer or other functional film layers may exist between the electron transport layer and the perovskite film layer.

[0078] Step 403: Prepare a second electrode layer on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate.

[0079] For example, the second electrode layer may be the top electrode.

[0080] In this case, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate.

[0081] Specifically, using the P1 process, after the first electrode layer (conductive glass electrode TCO layer) is fabricated, before fabricating the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer, lines are scribed using a laser device (i.e., ...). Figure 1 and Figure 3 (P1 line in the middle), forming independent TCO substrates.

[0082] After the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer are fabricated, lines are scribing (i.e., laser scribing) is performed using a laser device. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The P2 line in the image is used to etch the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer to expose the first electrode layer, thereby enabling the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-cells to be interconnected during the next electrode deposition process.

[0083] After the electrode is deposited by vapor deposition, laser equipment is used to scribing (i.e., Figure 1 and Figure 3 (P3 line in the middle), etching part of the electrode to separate the sub-cells.

[0084] During P2 and P3 etching, except for the effective area (i.e. Figure 3 The etching of the conductive area (within the dashed box) extends the longitudinal etching lines to the upper and lower edges of the corresponding functional film layer, making the etching more thorough.

[0085] The method for fabricating a solar cell module provided in this application, by changing the size of the first electrode layer, ensures that the bottom first electrode layer is always covered by the intermediate stacked structure, preventing the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer from overlapping. This effectively avoids the problem of short circuit between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer caused by the edge cleaning process, and further improves the efficiency and reliability of the cell module.

[0086] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for detecting a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, one embodiment of this application provides a method for detecting a solar cell module, which is applied to a solar cell module as mentioned in any of the above embodiments. The solar cell module includes multiple cell cells, and the method includes the following steps.

[0087] Step 500: Collect the resistance value between any two battery cells among the multiple battery cells.

[0088] Step 501: Determine whether the resistance value between the two battery cells falls within the preset abnormal resistance value range. If so, proceed to step 502.

[0089] Step 502: Determine a short circuit between the two battery cells.

[0090] Photovoltaic cells are typically divided into multiple parallel cell units using laser etching, with adjacent cell units connected in series. Each cell unit includes a bottom electrode, a stacked structure, and a top electrode. When the number of cell units is M, the top electrode of the Nth cell unit and the bottom electrode of the (N+1)th cell unit are electrically connected, where M and N are both positive integers, and M > N.

[0091] Specifically, the resistance value between the first battery cell and the Mth battery cell can be collected first; it can be determined whether the resistance value between the first battery cell and the Mth battery cell falls within the preset abnormal resistance value range. If so, the resistance value between the second battery cell and the (M-1)th battery cell can be collected until two adjacent battery cells that fall within the preset abnormal resistance value range are detected. Then, it is determined that there is a short circuit between the two adjacent battery cells.

[0092] In some embodiments, testing devices such as probes may be used, such as Figure 6 As shown, the resistance between any two battery cells is measured in the resistance measurement region 50. Because this region is not the effective operating area of ​​the device, measurement methods that may damage the film layer, such as probes, will not affect the performance of the component, making testing convenient.

[0093] Because the P3 etching will cut off the second electrode, the resistance R between different battery cells will be greater than a certain set value R0. The R0 value can be preset according to different device structures, battery cell sizes, and the number of battery cells included in the test. Alternatively, the R0 value under completely non-conductive conditions can be determined using methods such as optical microscopy as a reference value.

[0094] For example, the resistance R0 between the leftmost and rightmost battery cells is 50Ω. If the measured actual resistance R < 50Ω, it indicates that at least two adjacent battery cells have overlapped due to insufficient etching or sagging after the top electrode melted. In this case, by narrowing down the number of battery cells within the measurement range, it is possible to identify which two cells have overlapped one by one.

[0095] The solar cell module testing method provided in this application can quickly determine the P3 etching status of the solar cell module based on electrical properties, and quickly determine whether there is a top electrode short circuit by testing the resistance of different cell units, thus achieving rapid detection. Furthermore, even if measurement methods such as probes are used, which may damage the film layer, the performance of the module will not be affected, making testing convenient.

[0096] Figure 7 The diagram shows a schematic flowchart of a method for repairing a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 7As shown, the repair method for the solar cell module is applied to the solar cell module mentioned in any of the above embodiments. The solar cell module includes multiple cell cells, and the repair method includes the following steps.

[0097] Step 700: If it is determined that there is a short circuit between two battery cells among the multiple battery cells.

[0098] Step 701: A sudden large current is applied between the two battery cells to burn off the connection between the two battery cells in order to repair the solar cell module.

[0099] The instantaneous high current is the current generated within a preset time that exceeds a preset value. The specific value of the instantaneous high current can be set according to the actual situation, as long as the temperature of the top electrode does not exceed 100°C and will not damage the internal materials of the battery.

[0100] When it is confirmed that the top electrodes of two battery cells have bridging, a sudden large current can be applied between the two cells to burn off the bridging point. Since the resistance at the bridging point is generally significantly higher than that of a normal top electrode, burning off the bridging point achieves a repair effect. After applying the large current, the resistance between adjacent cells is tested again to determine if the bridging has been burned off. This burning-off process can be repeated multiple times until the desired effect is achieved.

[0101] The solar cell module repair method provided in this application embodiment, when it is determined by the above-mentioned testing means that there is a overlap at the top electrode, can use a testing device to pass a large instantaneous current to burn off the overlap and achieve the repair effect. The repair process can be carried out multiple times until the expected result is achieved.

[0102] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0103] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0104] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and methods of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0105] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0106] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized by, include: substrate; A first electrode layer disposed on the substrate; A stacked structure, located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; The second electrode layer is located on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate; Wherein, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate; the stacked structure includes multiple functional film layers, and for each of the multiple functional film layers, the edge of each functional film layer is spaced apart from the edge of the substrate by a predetermined distance; the distance between the edge of the first electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a first distance, the distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate is a second distance, the distance between the edge of the second electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a third distance, the first distance is greater than the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the third distance.

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by The orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by The orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate.

4. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, The preset distance is 1cm.

5. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by When the transverse centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the transverse centerline of the substrate, the effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer is less than the longitudinal length of each functional film layer, and the effective longitudinal length is the longitudinal length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer. And / or, When the longitudinal centerline of each functional film layer coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the substrate, the effective lateral length of the first electrode layer is less than the lateral length of each functional film layer, and the effective lateral length is the lateral length of the effective conductive region of the first electrode layer. Wherein, the transverse centerline is perpendicular to the laser etching direction, and the longitudinal centerline is parallel to the laser etching direction.

6. The solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein The effective longitudinal length of the first electrode layer is less than the longitudinal length of the second electrode layer; And / or, The effective lateral length of the first electrode layer is less than the lateral length of the second electrode layer.

7. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that, include: Provide a substrate; A first electrode layer is prepared on the substrate; A stacked structure is prepared on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; A second electrode layer is formed on the side of the stacked structure away from the substrate; wherein the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the stacked structure on the substrate; the stacked structure includes a plurality of functional film layers, and for each of the plurality of functional film layers, the edge of each functional film layer is spaced apart from the edge of the substrate by a predetermined distance; the distance between the edge of the first electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a first distance, the distance between the edge of each functional film layer and the edge of the substrate is a second distance, the distance between the edge of the second electrode layer and the edge of the substrate is a third distance, the first distance is greater than the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the third distance.

8. A method for detecting a solar cell module, applied to a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solar cell module comprises a plurality of cell cells, characterized in that, The detection method includes: Collect the resistance value between any two battery cells among the plurality of battery cells; Determine whether the resistance value between the two battery cells falls within a preset abnormal resistance range. If so, determine that there is a short circuit between the two battery cells.

9. A method for repairing a solar cell module, applied to a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solar cell module comprises a plurality of cell cells, characterized in that, The repair method includes: If a short circuit is found between two of the plurality of battery cells, a large instantaneous current is applied between the two battery cells to burn off the connection between the two battery cells in order to repair the solar cell module. The instantaneous high current is a current that exceeds a preset value generated within a preset time period.

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