Carbon black reactor
By optimizing the structure of the carbon black reactor and adopting designs such as bent-tube swirl guide tubes and staggered feed oil inlets, the problems of high fuel consumption and low production capacity have been solved, and high-efficiency production of high-quality and stable carbon black has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUIZHOU QIANJIN NEW MATERIAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
The existing carbon black reactor has a relatively short overall combustion chamber length and a small cone angle in the throat horn section, resulting in high fuel consumption, high production costs, low capacity, and poor quality and stability of carbon black products.
A carbon black reactor was designed, comprising a combustion section, a throat section, a reaction section, and a quenching section. It employs a bent-tube swirling guide pipe, staggered raw material oil inlets, and staggered rotating nozzles. The proportions and tapers of the combustion section and throat section are optimized, and refractory materials are used to enhance combustion efficiency and quenching effect.
It achieves low fuel consumption, high production capacity, good and stable carbon black product quality, reduced production costs, and increased carbon black yield.
Smart Images
Figure CN116972388B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to carbon black production equipment, specifically to a carbon black reaction furnace. Background Technology
[0002] The carbon black reactor is the core equipment in furnace-process carbon black production. The general carbon black production process involves: air and fuel combustion in the reactor; the raw material, after atomization, is injected into the combustion flame and undergoes high-temperature pyrolysis to produce carbon black; the carbon black is suspended in the residual combustion gas to form carbon black flue gas, which is then rapidly cooled and sent to an air preheater and an oil preheater for further cooling, finally being sent to a bag filter. The separated carbon black is then sent to a granulator for granulation and then to a dryer for drying. The structure and dimensions of the reactor determine the quality and yield of the carbon black product. Existing reactor technologies suffer from drawbacks such as a relatively short overall combustion chamber length, a small cone angle in the throat's flared section leading to high fuel consumption and production costs; an unsuitable ratio between the inner diameter of the straight throat section and the inner diameter of the reaction section, resulting in an excessively long throat section; and a straight-tube reaction chamber causing low carbon black production capacity, poor carbon black product quality, and poor product quality stability. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon black reactor with low energy consumption, high capacity, and stable and high-quality carbon black products.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.
[0005] A carbon black reactor includes a combustion section, a throat section, a reaction section, and a quenching section arranged sequentially. The combustion section includes a first straight pipe section and a first horn section arranged sequentially. The first straight pipe section of the combustion section is provided with a fuel inlet and an air inlet. A curved swirl guide pipe is provided at the fuel inlet, and the air inlets are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the central axis. The throat section includes a second horn section, a second straight pipe section, and a transition section arranged sequentially. The second straight pipe section of the throat section has a first feed oil inlet and a second feed oil inlet arranged alternately around it, with the diameter of the first feed oil inlet being larger than the diameter of the second feed oil inlet. The reaction section includes a third horn section and a third straight pipe section arranged sequentially, with the transition section of the throat section located within the third horn section of the reaction section. The diameter of the quenching section is larger than the diameter of the third straight pipe section, and the quenching section is provided with multiple rows of quenching nozzles arranged alternately front to back and up to down.
[0006] Furthermore, the bend-type swirl guide tube includes an inlet, a diffuser, an elbow, a constriction tube, and an outlet connected in sequence. The axes of the inlet and outlet are perpendicular to each other, and the diameters of the inlet and outlet are the same.
[0007] Furthermore, the inner wall of the throat segment is arranged in the form of a regular polygon, the axis of the first raw material oil inlet is parallel to the inner wall of the regular polygon of the throat segment, the second raw material oil inlet is located at the apex of the regular polygon, and the axis of the second raw material oil inlet is the line connecting the vertex and the center point of the regular polygon.
[0008] Furthermore, the length of the first straight pipe section on the combustion section is 2.5 times the length of the first horn section, and the open port diameter of the first horn section is 1.6 times the constricted port diameter.
[0009] Furthermore, the length ratio of the second horn section, the second straight section, and the transition section on the throat section is 1:2:1, the diameter ratio is 1.3:1:1.1, and the cone angle of the transition section is 10°~11°.
[0010] Furthermore, the length of the third horn section on the reaction section is 1.5 times the length of the third straight pipe section, and the open port diameter of the third horn section is twice the constricted port diameter.
[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the quench section is 1.15 times the diameter of the third straight pipe section of the reaction section.
[0012] Furthermore, the inner walls of the combustion section and the throat section are made of chromium-zirconium refractory material, while the inner walls of the reaction section and the quenching section are made of chromium oxide refractory material.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the carbon black reactor of the present invention has the following advantages:
[0014] (1) The total length of the combustion section is reduced, the ratio and taper of the horn section and the straight pipe section are adjusted, and the bend pipe and the swirling guide pipe at the fuel inlet and the air inlet with uniform and symmetrical distribution around the central axis make the fuel burn quickly and completely, and the enhanced heat energy can also effectively reduce fuel consumption.
[0015] (2) The cone angle of the horn section of the throat section is enlarged, which can reduce the downward gradient of the combustion temperature field. The design of the throat transition section makes the high temperature gas flow rate appropriate. The staggered arrangement of the first raw material oil inlet and the second raw material oil inlet can increase the contact area between the raw material oil and the energy gas, so that the raw material oil is fully vaporized and sheared at the throat, the carbon black cracking rate is increased, and the carbon black production efficiency is high.
[0016] (3) The reaction section is funnel-shaped, and the increased length of the reaction section allows the carbon black reaction to proceed in a gentler state, thus increasing the carbon black yield. The quenching section uses staggered rotating nozzles, which enhances the quenching rate and effectively prevents over-reaction of carbon black.
[0017] (4) The carbon black reactor of the present invention has low unit consumption in carbon black production, improved production capacity compared with the prior art, and produces good carbon black products with stable quality. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the combustion section of the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bent-tube swirl guide tube of the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first feedstock oil inlet of the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the second feedstock oil inlet in the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the oil inlet direction of the first raw material oil inlet of the carbon black reactor of the present invention.
[0024] In the diagram: 1-combustion section, 11-first straight pipe section, 12-first horn section, 13-fuel inlet, 14-bend swirl guide pipe, 141-injection inlet, 142-diffuser pipe, 143-elbow, 144-contraction pipe, 145-injection outlet, 15-air inlet, 2-throat section, 21-second horn section, 22-second straight pipe section, 23-transition section, 24-first feedstock inlet, 25-second feedstock inlet, 3-reaction section, 31-third horn section, 32-third straight pipe section, 4-quench section, 41-quench nozzle, 42-rotating nozzle. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To better understand the above-described objects, features, and advantages of the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the invention; however, the invention may be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0026] like Figures 1-6 The carbon black reactor shown includes a combustion section 1, a throat section 2, a reaction section 3, and a quenching section 4 connected in sequence.
[0027] Combustion section 1 includes a first straight pipe section 11 and a first horn section 12 connected in sequence. The first straight pipe section 11 of combustion section 1 is provided with a fuel inlet 13 and an air inlet 15. The air inlet 15 is located after the fuel inlet 13. A bend-pipe swirl guide pipe 14 is provided at the fuel inlet 13. The bend-pipe swirl guide pipe 14 includes an injection inlet 141, a diffuser 142, an elbow 143, a contraction pipe 144, and an outlet 145 connected in sequence. The axes of the injection inlet 141 and the outlet 145 are perpendicular to each other, and the diameters of the injection inlet 141 and the outlet 145 are the same. The air inlets 15 are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the central axis. Fuel enters combustion section 1 through the bend-pipe swirl guide pipe 14, which can generate swirl and mix with the surrounding injected air, enhancing the combustion efficiency and thus forming a high-efficiency energy gas.
[0028] The throat section 2 includes a second horn section 21, a second straight pipe section 22, and a transition section 23 connected in sequence. The second straight pipe section 22 of the throat section 2 has a first raw material oil inlet 24 and a second raw material oil inlet 25 arranged alternately around it. Because the temperature at the front end of the throat section 2 is higher than that at the rear end, the diameter of the first raw material oil inlet 24 is larger than the diameter of the second raw material oil inlet 25 to reduce raw material oil loss and improve raw material oil utilization. The inner wall of the throat section 2 has a regular polygonal cross-section; in this embodiment, it is a regular hexagon. The axis of the first raw material oil inlet 24 is parallel to the inner wall of the regular polygon of the throat section 2. The second raw material oil inlet 25 is located at the apex of the regular polygon, and its axis is the line connecting the vertex and the center point of the regular polygon. The first raw material oil inlet 24 and the second raw material oil inlet 25 are staggered, and their injection directions are interleaved, so that the injected raw material oil can cover the energy gas ejected from the combustion section 1 to the maximum extent (see...). Figure 6 This will improve the utilization rate of feedstock oil and increase the yield of carbon black.
[0029] The reaction section 3 includes a third horn section 31 and a third straight pipe section 32 connected in sequence. The transition section 23 of the throat section 2 is located within the third horn section 31 of the reaction section 3. The quenching section 4 is equipped with multiple rows of quenching nozzles 41. The diameter of the quenching section 4 is larger than the diameter of the third straight pipe section 32, and the quenching nozzles 41 are arranged alternately in front and behind, and vertically. A rotating nozzle 42 is also connected to the end of each quenching nozzle 41, which can increase the coverage area of the sprayed quenching water.
[0030] In this embodiment, the inner walls of the combustion section 1 and the throat section 2 are made of chromium-zirconium refractory material, and the inner walls of the reaction section 3 and the quenching section 4 are made of chromium oxide refractory material.
[0031] In the combustion section 1, the length of the first straight pipe section 11 is 2.5 times the length of the first horn section 12, and the open port diameter of the first horn section 12 is 1.6 times the constriction port diameter. In the throat section 2, the length ratio of the second horn section 21, the second straight pipe section 22, and the transition section 23 is 1:2:1, and the diameter ratio is 1.3:1:1.1, meaning the open port diameter of the second horn section 21 is 1.3 times the constriction port diameter, and the open port diameter of the transition section 23 is 1.1 times the constriction port diameter; the cone angle of the transition section 23 is 10°~11°. In the reaction section 3, the length of the third horn section 31 is 1.5 times the length of the third straight pipe section 32, the open port diameter of the third horn section 31 is 2 times the constriction port diameter, and the cone angle of the third horn section 31 is 13°~18°. The diameter of the quench section 4 is 1.15 times the diameter of the third straight pipe section 32 of the reaction section 3.
[0032] The carbon black production process of this carbon black reactor involves fuel gas entering combustion section 1 through the fuel inlet. In combustion section 1, the gas undergoes thorough combustion and mixing to form a high-temperature combustion gas stream. This gas stream carries the raw material oil injected at throat section 2 into reaction section 3 for reaction and cracking, converting it into carbon black. Then, quench water is injected at quench section 4 to terminate the reaction. The invention reduces the total length of combustion section 1, adjusts the ratio and taper of the trumpet section and straight pipe section of combustion section 1, and incorporates a bend inlet 13 with a swirling guide pipe 14 and air inlets 15 evenly and symmetrically distributed around the central axis. This results in rapid and complete fuel combustion, enhanced heat generation, and the swirling gas stream can quickly enter throat section 2, reducing temperature loss. The temperature at the outlet of combustion section 1 reaches its maximum, and the temperature field distribution is reasonable, effectively reducing fuel consumption. The increased cone angle of the trumpet-shaped section 2 in the throat section reduces the temperature gradient of the combustion field, maintaining a relatively high temperature in the straight section of the throat section 2. The design of the transition section 23 in the throat section 2 ensures an appropriate high-temperature gas flow rate. The feed oil injected from the first feed oil inlet 24 enters the throat section 2 in a parabolic trajectory, while the feed oil injected from the second feed oil inlet 25 enters the throat section 2 in a jet (fan-shaped) pattern. The staggered arrangement of the first and second feed oil inlets 24 and 25 increases the contact area between the feed oil and the energy gas, allowing for sufficient vaporization and shearing of the feed oil at the throat, thus increasing the carbon black pyrolysis rate and improving carbon black production efficiency. The reaction section 3 is trumpet-shaped and its increased length allows the carbon black reaction to proceed at a slower pace, improving carbon black yield. The quench section 4 uses staggered rotating nozzles 42, enhancing the quench rate and effectively preventing excessive pyrolysis of the feed oil.
Claims
1. A carbon black reactor, comprising a combustion section, a throat section, a reaction section, and a quenching section arranged sequentially, characterized in that, The combustion section includes a first straight pipe section and a first horn section arranged in sequence. The first straight pipe section of the combustion section is provided with a fuel inlet and an air inlet. A bend-type swirl guide pipe is provided at the fuel inlet, and the air inlets are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the central axis. The throat section includes a second horn section, a second straight pipe section, and a transition section arranged in sequence. The second straight pipe section of the throat section is provided with a first feed oil inlet and a second feed oil inlet arranged alternately around it. The diameter of the first feed oil inlet is larger than the diameter of the second feed oil inlet. The reaction section includes a third horn section and a third straight pipe section arranged in sequence. The transition section of the throat section is located inside the third horn section of the reaction section. The diameter of the quench section is larger than the diameter of the third straight pipe section, and the quench section is provided with multiple rows of quench nozzles, which are arranged alternately front to back and up to down. The swirling guide tube includes an injection inlet, a diffuser, an elbow, a converging tube, and an injection outlet connected in sequence. The axes of the injection inlet and the injection outlet are perpendicular to each other, and the diameters of the injection inlet and the injection outlet are the same. Fuel enters the combustion section through the swirling guide tube, which can generate swirling flow and mix with the surrounding injected air to enhance the combustion efficiency, thereby forming a high-efficiency energy gas. The inner wall of the throat segment is arranged in the form of a regular polygon. The axis of the first raw material oil inlet is parallel to the inner wall of the regular polygon of the throat segment. The second raw material oil inlet is located at the apex of the regular polygon. The axis of the second raw material oil inlet is the line connecting the vertex and the center point of the regular polygon.
2. The carbon black reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first straight pipe section in the combustion section is 2.5 times the length of the first horn section, and the open port diameter of the first horn section is 1.6 times the constricted port diameter.
3. The carbon black reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length ratio of the second horn section, the second straight section, and the transition section on the throat section is 1:2:1, the diameter ratio is 1.3:1:1.1, and the cone angle of the transition section is 10°~11°.
4. The carbon black reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the third horn section on the reaction section is 1.5 times the length of the third straight pipe section, and the open port diameter of the third horn section is twice the constricted port diameter.
5. The carbon black reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the quench section is 1.15 times that of the third straight pipe section of the reaction section.