An antitranspirant for full-crown tree transplantation, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention discloses an antitranspirant for full-crown transplantation of trees, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of agricultural and forestry technology. The antitranspirant provided by this invention includes at least one of humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid. This antitranspirant can be effectively applied to the full-crown transplantation of large trees, significantly reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves, while also increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, thereby improving leaf water use efficiency to reduce damage to the plant during transplantation, increasing the survival rate and rapid recovery ability of trees, and solving the problem of low survival rate and difficulty in achieving optimal ornamental condition in a short period after full-crown transplantation of large trees. Furthermore, the antitranspirant provided by this invention does not contain toxic substances, is harmless to the environment and organisms, and is environmentally friendly. At the same time, the preparation method of the antitranspirant provided by this invention is simple to operate and easy to apply, making it suitable for practical production use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry technology, and in particular relates to an antitranspirant for full-crown tree transplantation, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Transplanting trees with their full crowns offers the advantages of immediate landscaping and rapid greening effects, making it a common practice in current landscaping construction. However, trees with full crowns have large canopies and consume water quickly, easily leading to an imbalance in the tree's water and nutrient metabolism, severely impacting their survival and recovery after transplantation. The root system of transplanted trees is damaged to some extent, while the canopy continues its pre-transplantation transpiration, consuming large amounts of water, making the tree prone to water imbalance that is difficult to recover from or even causing death. Therefore, measures to slow leaf transpiration in the canopy are necessary, such as applying antitranspirants.

[0003] Currently available antitranspirants can reduce plant transpiration to some extent, but they have many drawbacks. For example, film-forming and reflective antitranspirants can easily clog leaf stomata, preventing timely transpiration and heat dissipation, which can cause leaf burn, especially in high-temperature areas like the south. Furthermore, the effective substances applied can be washed away by rain, rendering them ineffective. Metabolic antitranspirants, absorbed and metabolized by plant leaves to regulate stomatal opening and closing and thus reduce transpiration, represent a more ideal direction for antitranspirant development. However, commonly used phenylmercuric acetate is toxic; inhalation or skin absorption can cause significant harm to humans and pollute the environment. In addition, different plant groups have varying concentration requirements for antitranspirant use, limiting the selection of antitranspirants for large, full-crown transplantation of trees. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a metabolic antitranspirant that can effectively target the transplantation of large trees with full crowns.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an antitranspirant for full-crown tree transplantation, said antitranspirant comprising at least one of humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid.

[0006] The present invention provides an antitranspirant that can be effectively applied to the transplantation of large trees with full crowns. Specifically, the antitranspirant provided by the present invention is a metabolic antitranspirant that can significantly reduce the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. At the same time, it can also increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the main protective enzyme of the tree's membrane lipid peroxidation defense system. This can improve the water use efficiency of leaves, reduce the damage to the plant caused by transplantation, improve the survival rate and rapid recovery ability of trees, and thus solve the problem of low survival rate of large trees with full crowns and difficulty in showing the best ornamental state in a short period of time. Furthermore, the antitranspirant provided by the present invention does not contain toxic substances, is harmless to the environment and organisms, and is green and environmentally friendly. Specifically, fulvic acid can be rapidly absorbed and utilized by leaves. By controlling the movement of guard cells in the stomata, it can appropriately control the opening of stomata on plant leaves, reduce transpiration, play an important role in drought resistance, and improve stress resistance. Sodium sulfite is an inorganic compound that is easily soluble in water and has the effect of directly inhibiting stomatal opening and increasing water diffusion resistance. 5-Aminosalicylic acid is an organic compound anti-inflammatory drug that can be used to improve the stress resistance and anti-aging ability of plants.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the antitranspirant of the present invention, the antitranspirant includes humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is humic acid: sodium sulfite: 5-aminosalicylic acid = (2-10): (40-100): (1-3).

[0008] The inventors discovered that when the antitranspirant is further optimized to be humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-10):(40-100):(1-3), the resulting antitranspirant has excellent effects in reducing leaf conductance, reducing transpiration, and increasing SOD activity; the three have obvious synergistic effects, and when used together, they can significantly reduce leaf conductance, reduce transpiration, and increase SOD activity.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the antitranspirant of the present invention, the antitranspirant includes humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is humic acid: sodium sulfite: 5-aminosalicylic acid = (2-6): (40-70): (1-3).

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the antitranspirant of the present invention, the antitranspirant includes fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is fulvic acid: sodium sulfite: 5-aminosalicylic acid = 3:50:2.

[0011] The inventors discovered that further optimizing the mass ratio of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid to (2-6):(40-70):(1-3), especially to 3:50:2, yielded a more effective antitranspirant.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the antitranspirant, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving 5-aminosalicylic acid in water with a pH of 0-1 to obtain solution A; subsequently dissolving the remaining components in water to obtain solution B; and mixing solution A and solution B to obtain the antitranspirant.

[0013] Preferably, the water with a pH of 0-1 is obtained by adjusting it with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of the 5-amino acid salicylic acid to water with a pH of 0-1 is (2-3) g / 0.5 L; the mass-to-volume ratio of the 5-amino salicylic acid to the antitranspirant for full-crown transplantation is (1-3) g / 100 L. The 5-amino acid salicylic acid only needs to be soluble in water with a pH of 0-1. Further limiting the mass-to-volume ratio of the 5-amino acid salicylic acid to water with a pH of 0-1 to (2-3) g / 0.5 L is to avoid preparing excessive amounts of water with a pH of 0-1, thus preventing a significant impact on the pH of the entire antitranspirant.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the application of the antitranspirant in the transplantation of trees with full crowns.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the application described in this invention, the application method is as follows: spray the antitranspirant on the leaves once 6-8 days before transplanting the trees, and spray the leaves again 1-3 days before transplanting.

[0017] Preferably, spraying should be done before 9 a.m. or after 5 p.m., avoiding the high-temperature period at noon.

[0018] Preferably, the spraying amount is until the leaves are completely wet and water droplets drip down.

[0019] The antitranspirant provided by this invention has a simple application method: it can be directly sprayed onto the leaves and absorbed by the leaves themselves. It is convenient to use and pollution-free.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention provides an antitranspirant that can be effectively applied to the transplantation of large trees with full crowns. It significantly reduces stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in leaves, while simultaneously increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the main protective enzyme in the tree's membrane lipid peroxidation defense system. This improves leaf water use efficiency, reducing transplant damage and increasing tree survival rate and rapid recovery. It thus solves the problem of low survival rates and difficulty in achieving optimal ornamental condition in the short term after transplanting large trees with full crowns. Furthermore, the antitranspirant provided by this invention does not contain toxic substances, is harmless to the environment and organisms, and is environmentally friendly. The preparation method of the antitranspirant provided by this invention is simple, and its application is convenient, making it suitable for practical production use. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The image shows the results of the stomatal conductance test on the blade in Example 2.

[0023] Figure 2 The graph shows the test results of the leaf transpiration rate in Example 2;

[0024] Figure 3 The image shows the results of the SOD enzyme activity test in the leaves in Example 2.

[0025] Figure 4 The figure shows the test results of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves in Example 3;

[0026] Figure 5 The image shows the results of the SOD enzyme activity test in the leaves of Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials or equipment used in this invention can be purchased using conventional methods.

[0029] Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5

[0030] Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention provide an antitranspirant. The mass (unit: g) of the antitranspirant components in Examples 1-4 is shown in Table 1; the mass (unit: g) of the antitranspirant components in Comparative Examples 1-5 is shown in Table 2.

[0031] Table 1

[0032] humic acid 3 2 6 10 Sodium sulfite 50 40 70 100 5-Aminosalicylic acid 2 1 3 3

[0033] Table 2

[0034] humic acid 0 3 3 3 3 Sodium sulfite 50 0 50 50 50 5-Aminosalicylic acid 2 2 0 0.4 5

[0035] The preparation methods of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are as follows:

[0036] (1) Add concentrated hydrochloric acid to 500 mL of distilled water to adjust the pH of the distilled water to 1, then slowly add 5-aminosalicylic acid and stir thoroughly to dissolve to obtain solution A;

[0037] (2) Dissolve the remaining components in 1L of distilled water to obtain solution B;

[0038] (3) Slowly add solution A and solution B to 90L of distilled water, stir well, and then make up to 100L with distilled water. Stir well to obtain the anti-evaporating agent.

[0039] Comparative Example 6

[0040] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and that of Example 1 is that sodium thiosulfate is used instead of sodium sulfite.

[0041] Comparative Example 7

[0042] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and that of Example 1 is that citric acid is used instead of 5-aminosalicylic acid.

[0043] Comparative Example 8

[0044] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and that of Example 1 is that para-aminosalicylic acid is used instead of 5-aminosalicylic acid.

[0045] Comparative Example 9

[0046] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and that of Example 1 is that a mixture of sodium sulfite and sodium thiosulfate is used instead of sodium thiosulfate, with a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0047] Comparative Example 10

[0048] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and Example 1 is that a mixture of citric acid and 5-aminosalicylic acid is used instead of 5-aminosalicylic acid, and the mass ratio of the two is citric acid: 5-aminosalicylic acid = 3:1.

[0049] Comparative Example 11

[0050] The present invention provides an antitranspirant in a comparative example. The only difference between the antitranspirant of the present invention and that of Example 1 is the preparation method. The preparation method provided in this comparative example is to add fulvic acid, sodium sulfite and 5-aminosalicylic acid to 90L of distilled water, stir thoroughly, and then make up to 100L with distilled water and stir thoroughly to obtain the antitranspirant.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] To verify the effectiveness of the antitranspirants prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-11, this invention used 80 small-leaved banyan trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 25-30 cm and a height of 6-8 m, divided into 16 groups of 5 trees each. On a sunny evening, one group was sprayed with water (control CK) until the leaves were thoroughly wetted and dripping wet, while the other 15 groups were sprayed with the antitranspirants obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-11, respectively. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were measured before spraying (0d), and on days 3, 7, and 14 after spraying, using the following methods:

[0053] The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were measured as follows: On a sunny morning between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM on the day of measurement, the sixth mature leaf from the tip of three newly sprouted, sun-facing branches of each plant was selected. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were measured using a LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system. The carbon dioxide concentration of the LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system was set to 400 μmol / mol. -1 The temperature was set to 30℃ and the light intensity was set to 1500 μmol m. -2 s -1 ;

[0054] The test results of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from Table 3, the technical solution of the present invention can effectively reduce stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 4-5 show that regardless of the combination of raw materials used in the antitranspirant, the ratio of the components is particularly important. When the ratio of components is outside the scope of the present invention, not only does the reduction effect on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves show a decreasing trend, but the duration of action is also significantly reduced, as evidenced by a significant increase in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate compared to the previous test at day 7 or day 14. Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 show that when the antitranspirant is a combination of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, it has a significant synergistic effect, resulting in a significantly increased and longer-lasting reduction effect on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves.

[0058] As can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 6-8, the effect of the antitranspirant is significantly reduced when other similar components are used to replace sodium sulfite or 5-aminosalicylic acid; as can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 9-10, the effect of the present invention cannot be achieved when other similar components are introduced; as can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Example 11, excellent results can only be obtained under the preparation method of the antitranspirant provided by the present invention.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The efficacy examples of this invention verify the effectiveness of the antitranspirants prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2, 6, 8, and 10 in the actual transplantation of mature trees with full crowns. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0061] Fifteen *Ficus microcarpa* trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 25-30 cm and a height of 6-8 m were selected and divided into 5 groups of 3 trees each. Full-crown transplantation was performed. On the 7th and 3rd days before transplantation, the leaves of each group were sprayed once with the antitranspirant obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2, 6, 8, and 10, until the leaves were thoroughly wetted and droplets fell. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were measured before the first application of the antitranspirant (0 day) and on the 7th and 14th days after the first application. Simultaneously, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves was measured on samples taken on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after the first application.

[0062] Enzyme activity was determined using the Keming kit method according to the manufacturer's instructions. The method is briefly described below:

[0063] (1) Leaf enzyme extraction: Weigh about 0.1g of tissue, add 1mL of extraction solution (0.05g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, a little quartz sand and 1mL of phosphate buffer pH=6), homogenize in an ice bath, centrifuge at 8000g 4℃ for 10min, take the supernatant and place it on ice for testing.

[0064] (2) SOD enzyme activity assay: Dilute each reagent according to the instructions, and add the following reagents (Table 4) to the EP tube in sequence. Mix thoroughly and let stand at room temperature for 30 min. Then use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance A of the reaction solution in each tube at a wavelength of 560 nm.

[0065] Table 4

[0066]

[0067] (3) SOD enzyme activity calculation: When the inhibition percentage in the above xanthine oxidase coupled reaction system is 50%, the SOD enzyme activity in the reaction system is defined as one enzyme activity unit (U / mL); inhibition percentage = (Δ) 空白 -△ 测定 ) / △空白 ×100%; SOD activity (U / g fresh weight) = [inhibition percentage ÷ (1 - inhibition percentage) × Vreaction total] ÷ (W × Vsample ÷ Vsample total) = 11.4 × inhibition percentage ÷ (1 - inhibition percentage) ÷ W; where, Vreaction total: total volume of the reaction system, 1.026 mL; Vsample: volume of sample added to the reaction system, 0.09 mL; Vsample total: volume of extract added, 1 mL; W: sample mass, g.

[0068] The results obtained are as follows Figure 1-3 As shown, where Figure 1 and Figure 2 The results of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate tests were conducted before the first application of the antitranspirant (0 days) and on days 7 and 14 after the first application. Figure 1-2 It can be clearly seen that, compared with the comparative example, the antitranspirant obtained by using the technical solution of the present invention can also significantly reduce the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves during the actual full-crown transplantation of mature trees. Figure 3 The results of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity tests were obtained by sampling on days 0, 7, and 14 after the first spraying. Figure 3 As can be seen, compared with the comparative example, the antitranspirant obtained by using the technical solution of the present invention can significantly increase SOD enzyme activity during the actual full-crown transplantation of mature trees.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] The effectiveness of the antitranspirant prepared in Example 1 in the actual transplantation of large trees with full crowns is verified by the following steps:

[0071] A large Ficus microcarpa tree, approximately 21.0m tall, with an east-west crown width of approximately 29.0m and a north-south crown width of approximately 34.0m, was transplanted with its entire crown. The antitranspirant obtained in Example 1 was sprayed onto the leaves of the tree crown once each on the 7th and 3rd days before transplanting, until the leaves were thoroughly wetted and droplets fell. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were measured before the first application of the antitranspirant (0d) and on the 7th and 14th days after the first application. Simultaneously, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves was measured on samples taken on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after the first application.

[0072] The determination and calculation of enzyme activity were consistent with those in Example 2.

[0073] The results obtained are as follows Figure 4-5 As shown, by Figure 4As can be seen, after spraying the antitranspirant obtained in Example 1, the stomatal conductance of the leaves of the large tree decreased from 0.211 mol m⁻² s⁻¹ before spraying to 0.099 mol m⁻² s⁻¹ on day 7 and 0.098 m⁻² s⁻¹ on day 14, a decrease of 53%. The transpiration rate decreased from 3.873 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ before spraying to 2.049 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ on day 7 and 2.050 mm⁻² s⁻¹ on day 14, a decrease of 47%. Spraying the antitranspirant obtained in Example 1 can significantly reduce the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the large tree leaves, improve the water use efficiency of the leaves, and reduce the damage caused to the plant by transplanting. Figure 5 It can be seen that after spraying the antitranspirant obtained in Example 1, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the tree leaves increased from 117.21 U / g FW before spraying to 208.95 U / g FW on day 7 and 305.00 U / g FW on day 14 after spraying, with a continuous increase in SOD activity. This means that spraying the antitranspirant obtained in Example 1 can significantly increase the SOD activity of transplanted tree leaves, enhance the tree's resistance to stress and aging, reduce the degree of damage to the tree, and accelerate tree recovery.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antitranspirant for full-crown transplanting of trees, characterized in that, The antitranspirant comprises fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is (2-10):(40-100):(1-3). The method for preparing the antitranspirant includes the following steps: dissolving 5-aminosalicylic acid in water with a pH of 0-1 to obtain solution A; then dissolving fulvic acid and sodium sulfite in water to obtain solution B; and mixing solution A and solution B to obtain the antitranspirant.

2. The antitranspirant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is (2-6):(40-70):(1-3).

3. The antitranspirant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of fulvic acid, sodium sulfite, and 5-aminosalicylic acid is 3:50:

2.

4. The method for preparing the antitranspirant according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: dissolving 5-aminosalicylic acid in water with a pH of 0-1 to obtain solution A; then dissolving fulvic acid and sodium sulfite in water to obtain solution B; and mixing solution A and solution B to obtain an antitranspirant.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass-to-volume ratio of the 5-aminosalicylic acid to water with a pH of 0-1 is (2-3) g / 0.5 L; the mass-to-volume ratio of the 5-aminosalicylic acid to the antitranspirant for full-crown transplantation is (1-3) g / 100 L.

6. The application of the antitranspirant as described in any one of claims 1-3 in the transplantation of trees with full crowns.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The application method is as follows: spray the antitranspirant on the leaves once 6-8 days before transplanting the trees, and spray the leaves again 1-3 days before transplanting.

Images