A method and apparatus for transmitting signals

Abstract

This application discloses a signal transmission method and apparatus, relating to the field of communication technology, which can reduce the probability of different tags selecting the same spreading sequence in the same time slot and improve the efficiency of tag access to the network. The specific scheme is as follows: the tag determines the index of a first sequence in a first set based on first information; wherein, the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; the tag performs spreading processing on the reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence; the tag sends the processed information to the network device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for transmitting signals. Background Technology

[0002] Passive Internet of Things (Passive IoT) is an important research direction in the field of 5G or 5.5G IoT. In a passive IoT system, the communication process between network devices and passive tags includes selecting passive tags and inventorying passive tags.

[0003] During the passive tag inventory process, the passive tag receives a query signaling from the network device. The query signaling includes the parameter Q, and the passive tag starts from (0, 2). Q A random number is selected from the range -1) and stored in the time slot counter of the passive tag. When a non-zero value is selected, the passive tag transitions to the arbitration state, triggering the time slot counter to decrement sequentially until it reaches 0. At this point, the passive tag enters the response state, while a passive tag with a value of 0 directly enters the response state. The passive tag in the response state sends a 16-bit random or pseudo-random number (RN16) to the network device. Upon receiving the RN16, the network device sends an acknowledgment (ACK) containing the RN16 to the passive tag, at which point the passive tag is successfully acknowledged. The acknowledged passive tag transitions to the acknowledgment state and reflects relevant information about the passive tag to the network device, such as the electronic product code (EPC) and 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-16).

[0004] However, because the value of the time slot counter stored in the passive tag is randomly selected, multiple passive tags may have their time slot counters count to 0 in the same time slot. This results in multiple passive tags simultaneously entering the response state and simultaneously responding to the network device with RN16 and reflecting their related information. In this situation, the signals reflected from multiple passive tags may overlap and interfere with each other, potentially causing the network device to fail to correctly despread the signals reflected from multiple passive tags, thereby reducing the efficiency of multiple passive tags accessing the network. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for transmitting signals, which can reduce the probability that different tags select the same spreading sequence in the same time slot and improve the efficiency of tag access to the network.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for transmitting signals is provided, the method comprising: a tag determining an index of a first sequence in a first set according to first information; wherein the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; the tag performing spread spectrum processing on reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence; and the tag sending the processed information to a network device.

[0008] Based on the first aspect of the method, the tag can determine the index of the first sequence in the first set according to the first information. Since the first information of different tags is different, the probability of multiple tags selecting the same sequence in the same time slot is reduced. Processing the reflected information bits according to the first sequence can avoid the superposition and interference of the processed information of the tag with the information of other tags, thereby improving the access efficiency of the tag.

[0009] In one possible design, the label determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information, including: the label performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result; wherein, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the first set used for label selection; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the second set used for label selection, and the second set is a subset of the first set.

[0010] Based on this possible design, the tag can determine the index of the first sequence in the first set according to the first information and the first value, and then determine the first sequence from the subset of the first set according to the index of the first sequence. This can reduce the despreading complexity of network devices and further reduce the probability of different tags selecting the same first sequence in the same time slot.

[0011] In one possible design, the label performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, including: the label performs a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

[0012] Based on this possible design, the label can efficiently select the corresponding first sequence.

[0013] In one possible design, the tag determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information, including: the tag performs a first operation on the second value based on the first information, and determines the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result; wherein, the second value is the number of sequences in the third set; the tag determines the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information, wherein the second information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag.

[0014] Based on this possible design, the probability of different tags selecting the same first sequence in the same time slot can be further reduced, thereby improving the access efficiency of tags.

[0015] In one possible design, the third set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set.

[0016] Based on this possible design, the set of optional sequences for the labels can be flexibly configured.

[0017] In one possible design, the tag receives indication information from a network device, indicating a first value; or, the indication information indicates a second value.

[0018] Based on this possible design, it is possible to flexibly indicate the range of sequences that the label can select.

[0019] In a second aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, the method comprising: a network device receiving information processed by a tag, wherein the information processed by the tag is obtained by spreading the reflected information bits by the tag according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence in the first set; the index of the first sequence is determined by the tag according to first information; wherein the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; the network device despreads the information processed by the tag to obtain the reflected information bits of the tag.

[0020] In one possible design, the index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the first information, including: the index of the first sequence is determined by the result of the label performing a first operation on the first value based on the first information; wherein the first value is the maximum number of sequences used for label selection in the first set; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences used for label selection in the second set, the second set being a subset of the first set.

[0021] In one possible design, the label performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, including: the label performs a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

[0022] In one possible design, the index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the first information, including: the index of the second sequence in the third set is determined by the result of the label performing a first operation on the second value based on the first information; wherein, the second value is the number of sequences in the third set; the index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the index of the second sequence and the second information; wherein, the second information includes one or more of the label's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the label.

[0023] In one possible design, the third set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set.

[0024] In one possible design, the network device sends an indication message to the tag, which indicates a first value; or, the indication message indicates a second value.

[0025] The technical effects of the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect can be found in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0026] Thirdly, a tag is provided, the tag including one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories are used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the tag to perform the signal transmission method as described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.

[0027] Fourthly, a network device is provided, the network device including one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories are used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the network device to perform the signal transmission method as described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0028] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which may be a readable non-volatile storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the signal transmission method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0029] In a sixth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the signal transmission method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0030] In a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, which may include: tags and network devices, and the communication system can perform the signal transmission method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect or the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0031] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects three through seven can be found in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication process of a tag.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication process of an RFID system;

[0034] Figure 3a A schematic diagram of a communication architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of another communication architecture provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a generated sequence provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0043] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0044] Before introducing the embodiments of this application, some terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained:

[0045] Passive Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a transmission network that includes battery-free nodes. These passive nodes do not possess or primarily rely on power sources such as batteries; instead, they obtain energy from the environment to support data sensing, transmission, and distributed computing. Generally, passive nodes may include passive tags, whose transceivers can be excited by radio frequency fields. For the sake of brevity in this embodiment, passive tags can be alternatively described as tags. Tags and network devices can together constitute a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, in which non-contact automatic identification radio frequency technology can be applied.

[0046] During the operation of an RFID system, the network device controls the radio frequency module in the RFID system to transmit radio carrier signals outward through the antenna. When a tag enters the working area of ​​the transmitting antenna, the tag is activated and reflects a signal carrying tag-related information back to the network device. The network device can receive the reflected signal through the antenna and then despread or decode the received signal to obtain the tag's relevant information. For example, the tag's protocol control (PC), electronic product code (EPC), and 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-16) bits, thus forming a complete communication link.

[0047] In ISO 18000-6C, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines tags as using Dynamic Time Slot Greeting (ALOHA) technology to reflect signals to network devices. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication process of a tag, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the tag can receive select and query signaling from the network device, as well as acknowledgment (ACK) responses from the network device after receiving an RN16 response, or negative acknowledgment (NACK) responses from the network device after sending a signal carrying tag-related information. Receiving an ACK indicates that the network device has successfully received the tag's RN16 response; receiving a NACK indicates that the network device has not successfully received the tag's RN16 response, in which case the tag needs to retransmit the failed reflection signal. Figure 1 In this process, network devices send tags continuous waves (CW) containing high-level signals. The tags can then extract energy from the CW to communicate with the network devices. For example, Figure 1 During time T1, the tag receives a CW and extracts energy from it to respond to the network device with an RN16 or to reflect a signal containing tag-related information back to the network device. Similarly, the tag can receive a CW and extract energy from it during times T2, T3, and T4 for signaling sensing or response.

[0048] ISO 18000-6C specifies that linear coding modulation should be used to modulate the reflected signal in tag reflection links, such as bi-phase space coding (FM0) / Miller line code + binary phase shift keying (BPSK) / amplitude shift keying (ASK) information modulation. However, the limitation of this linear coding modulation method is that the tag reflection link has weak anti-interference capability, which severely limits the coverage distance of the tag reflection signal link.

[0049] In one possible design, the tag reflection link can employ repetition or spread spectrum + repetition to reflect signals to the network device. For example, the tag can reflect the same signal multiple times to the network device, or the tag can multiply the reflected signal by a spread spectrum sequence. The spread spectrum sequence can be preset or pre-stored by the tag itself. When the tag reflects signals to the network device in this manner, the network device can combine and decode the received multiple signals, effectively improving the received signal-to-noise ratio and thus enhancing the coverage performance of the tag reflection link.

[0050] In a tag-based reflection link, the process of processing the reflected signal using a pre-set or pre-stored spread spectrum sequence and communicating with network devices can be described as follows: Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication process of an RFID system. Figure 2 Tag 1 responds to the network device with an RN16 in time slot 1. The network device responds with an ACK containing the RN16, and Tag 1 is successfully acknowledged. Subsequently, Tag 1 reflects its relevant information, such as its EPC, back to the network device. Similarly, the communication process between Tag 2 and Tag 3 and the network device after executing the queryrep signaling is similar to that of Tag 1 and will not be described in detail. When Tag 4's counter value reaches 0 in time slot 3, Tag 4 enters the response state and responds to the network device with an RN16. The network device responds with a NACK containing the RN16. Tag 4 is not acknowledged and continues to execute the queryrep signaling repeatedly until it is acknowledged. After that, Tag 4 reflects its relevant information back to the network device.

[0051] However, if multiple tags that simultaneously respond to RN16 with the same pre-set spreading sequence have the same sequence in the same time slot, the signals reflected by the multiple tags in that time slot will overlap and interfere with each other. The network device will be unable to properly despread the signals reflected by these multiple tags, thereby reducing the efficiency of tag access to the network.

[0052] To reduce the probability of different tags selecting the same spreading sequence in the same time slot and improve the efficiency of tag access to the network, this application provides a signal transmission method. The method specifically includes: a tag determining the index of a first sequence in a first set based on first information; wherein the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; the tag spreading the reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence; and the tag sending the processed information to a network device.

[0053] The signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The signal transmission method provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication systems, future communication systems, or systems integrating multiple communication systems. This application does not limit the application to these systems. 5G can also be referred to as New Radio (NR). The communication system provided in this application can be a public land mobile network (PLMN), a device-to-device (D2D) network, a machine-to-machine (M2M) network, an Internet of Things (IoT) network, or other networks.

[0055] For example, embodiments of this application can be applied to passive Internet of Things (IoT) networks that include helpers, tags, macro base stations, and pico base stations.

[0056] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of a communication architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 3a As shown, this communication architecture can include: macro base stations, micro base stations, and tags. Micro base stations can communicate directly with tags, while macro base stations need to communicate indirectly with tags through micro base stations. Tags can send uplink data to micro base stations, which then transmit the uplink data to macro base stations; macro base stations can send downlink data to micro base stations, which then transmit the downlink data to tags.

[0057] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of another communication architecture provided in the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 3b As shown, this communication architecture may include a macro base station, a micro base station, a tag, and an assisting terminal. The micro base station and the assisting terminal can communicate directly with the tag, while the macro base station needs to communicate indirectly with the tag through the micro base station and / or the assisting terminal. The tag sends uplink data to the micro base station, which can directly transmit this uplink data to the macro base station, or the micro base station can transmit the uplink data to the macro base station through the assisting terminal. The macro base station can send downlink data to the micro base station or the assisting terminal, and the micro base station transmits the downlink data to the tag through the assisting terminal.

[0058] It should be noted that the macro base stations and micro base stations in the embodiments of this application can be described as network devices. Specifically, a macro base station may include an evolved Node B (gNB), and a micro base station may include a pole station. In addition to the macro base stations or micro base stations in the embodiments of this application, network devices may also include readers, transmission receive points (TRPs), transmission points (TPs), transmission reception points (TRPs), evolved Node Bs (eNBs), radio network controllers (RNCs), Node Bs (NBs), base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), home base stations (e.g., home-evolved Node Bs or home Node Bs (HNBs)), base band units (BBUs), and relays. In the embodiments of this application, the apparatus used to implement the functions of the network device can be the network device itself, or it can be an apparatus capable of supporting the network device in implementing that function, such as a chip system. This apparatus can be installed in the network device for matching and use.

[0059] It should be noted that the tags in the embodiments of this application may include active tags, semi-active tags, and passive tags. In the embodiments of this application, the means for implementing the functions of the network device may be a tag, or it may be a means that enables the network device to implement the function, such as a chip system, which can be installed in the tag for matching use.

[0060] In practical implementation, the various devices included in the communication architecture described above can adopt... Figure 4 The shown composition or includes Figure 4 The components shown. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 400 provided in an embodiment of this application. When the communication device 400 has the function of a tag as described in the embodiment of this application, the communication device 400 can be a tag or a chip or system-on-a-chip in a tag. When the communication device 400 has the function of a network device as described in the embodiment of this application, the communication device 400 can be a network device or a chip or system-on-a-chip in a network device.

[0061] like Figure 4As shown, the communication device 400 may include a processor 401, a communication line 402, and a communication interface 403. Furthermore, the communication device 400 may also include a memory 404. The processor 401, memory 404, and communication interface 403 can be connected via the communication line 402.

[0062] The processor 401 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof. The processor 401 can also be other devices with processing functions, such as circuits, devices, or software modules. The MAC layer and PHY layer can be controlled by running the computer programs, software code, or instructions therein, or by calling the computer programs, software code, or instructions stored in memory 404, to implement the signal transmission methods provided in the following embodiments of this application.

[0063] Communication line 402 is used to transmit information between the components included in communication device 400.

[0064] Communication interface 403 is used for communication with other devices or other communication networks. These other communication networks can be Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), etc. Communication interface 403 can be a radio frequency module, transceiver, or any device capable of communication.

[0065] Memory 404 is used to store instructions. These instructions can be computer programs.

[0066] The memory 404 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and / or instructions; it can also be a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and / or instructions; it can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices. Optical disc storage includes compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.

[0067] It should be noted that the memory 404 can exist independently of the processor 401, or it can be integrated with the processor 401. The memory 404 can be used to store instructions, program code, or some data, etc. The memory 404 can be located inside or outside the communication device 400, without limitation. The processor 401 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 404 to implement the signal transmission method provided in the following embodiments of this application.

[0068] In one example, processor 401 may include one or more CPUs, for example Figure 4 CPU0 and CPU1 in the example. As one exemplary implementation, the communication device 400 includes multiple processors, for example, besides... Figure 4 In addition to processor 401, it may also include processor 405.

[0069] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The structural composition shown does not constitute a limitation on the communication device, except... Figure 4 In addition to the components shown, the communication device may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0070] The following is combined with Figure 3a or Figure 3b The communication architecture shown is used to describe the signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application. The devices in the following embodiments may have... Figure 4 The components are shown. The actions, terminology, etc., involved in the various embodiments of this application can be referenced interchangeably without limitation. The message names or parameter names in the messages exchanged between the various devices in the embodiments of this application are merely examples; other names may be used in specific implementations without limitation.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0072] S501, The label determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information, and determines the first sequence based on the index of the first sequence.

[0073] The label can be Figure 3a or Figure 3b The label shown can be used Figure 4 The shown composition or includes Figure 4 The components shown.

[0074] The first set may include multiple mutually orthogonal spreading sequences. Mutually orthogonal means that the cross-correlation function of any two spreading sequences in the set is 0, i.e., any two spreading sequences in the first set are completely uncorrelated. For simplicity, the spreading sequences in this embodiment can be alternatively described as sequences. All sequences in the first set can be numbered sequentially, where each sequence number in the first set can serve as an index for each corresponding sequence. The corresponding sequence in the first set can be determined based on the index. For example, if the first set includes X sequences, sequentially numbered as sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2... sequence X-1, then sequence 1 can be determined based on index 1. The first set can be pre-configured to tags by network devices or generated by the tags themselves. Each sequence in the first set may include one or more binary bits, and the sequence length of each sequence can be used to represent the spreading factor when the sequence is spread.

[0075] Optionally, a sequence in the first set can correspond to one or more tags, meaning the sequence can be used by one or more tags. It should be noted that when a sequence corresponds to multiple tags, the signals processed by that sequence should be transmitted in multiple different time slots. For example, if the number of sequences in the first set is n and the number of tags is m, where n << m, and three tags select the same sequence, to avoid signal superposition and interference on the tag reflection link caused by tags selecting the same sequence, these three signals processed by the same sequence can be distributed and transmitted in different time slots. For example, the signal of tag 1 can be transmitted in time slot 1, the signal of tag 2 in time slot 2, and the signal of tag 3 in time slot 3.

[0076] Optionally, the first set can be divided into multiple subsets that are disjoint, and the number of sequences in each subset can be the same or different. The second set is a subset of the first set, and the second set can be the subset with the strongest orthogonality among the subsets of the first set. For example, the first set can include 8 sequences: {sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2, sequence 3, sequence 4, sequence 5, sequence 6, sequence 7}. The first set can be divided into 4 subsets, including subset 1 {sequence 0, sequence 1}, subset 2 {sequence 2, sequence 3}, subset 3 {sequence 4, sequence 5}, and subset 4 {sequence 6, sequence 7}. The label can be used to determine the first sequence from any one of subsets 1 to 4.

[0077] Optionally, the sequences in the first set can be generated from the sequences in the third set. The third set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set. That is, the sequences in the first set can be generated from the sequences in the third set. For the specific generation process, please refer to the sequence generation process in Method 3 below.

[0078] The first sequence is a sequence of reflected information bits used by the tag. The first sequence may include one or more binary bits, and the sequence length of the first sequence may be used to represent the spreading factor when spreading the spectrum according to the first sequence.

[0079] For example, the label can determine the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information.

[0080] The first information includes one or more of the following: tag identification information and tag-generated pseudo-random number information. Specifically, the tag identification information can be a unique tag identification (TID) for each tag. Different tags have different TIDs. For example, the TID of tag 1 is 0010 0101 0111 0101 1111 1010 01011011, and the TID of tag 2 is 1010 0101 0100 1110 0101 1111 0101 1010. The tag-generated pseudo-random number information can be a 16-bit random number generated in the tag or a pseudo-random number RN16. Different tags generate different RN16s. For example, the RN16 generated by tag 1 is 1100 1011 0111 1010, and the RN16 generated by tag 2 is 1110 0101 01010100. The pseudo-random number information generated by the tag can also be another set of x-bit random numbers or pseudo-random numbers RNx generated by the tag. The RNx generated by different tags are different from each other. For example, tag 1 generates RN8 as 0111 1110, and tag 2 generates RN8 as 1001 0101.

[0081] Wherein, the first value is the maximum number of sequences used for tag selection in the first set; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences used for tag selection in the second set. The first value can be indicated by the network device; specifically, the tag can receive indication information from the network device, which can indicate the first value.

[0082] Specifically, the instruction information sent by the network device to the tag can be carried in the signaling sent by the network device to the tag. This signaling can be used by the network device to identify or inventory the tag. The signaling can include select signaling and query signaling. The select signaling received by the tag can select a specific tag or group of tags for the inventory and access process, and the query signaling received by the tag can initiate the inventory process for that tag.

[0083] The parameters in the select signaling can include target, action, membank, pointer, length, mask, truncation, and CRC-16. The number of bits and specific meanings of each parameter in the select signaling are shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 Parameters of select signaling

[0085]

[0086] Specifically, the tag can directly receive signaling sent by the network device, or receive signaling sent by the network device through an assisting terminal. The network device can add [log2N] bits as indication information to the signaling to be sent to indicate the first value N. This indication information can be carried in the redundancy status field of the signaling. For example, the network device can add indication information to the reserved part of the target parameter field in the select signaling.

[0087] For example, a network device can carry 3 bits in the signaling to be sent as indication information to indicate that the first value is 8, that is, the first set includes a sequence of 8 tags. As another example, a network device can carry 2 bits in the signaling to be sent as indication information to indicate that the first value is 4, that is, the second set includes a sequence of 4 tags.

[0088] Optionally, the tag can also receive packet indication information from the network device. This packet indication information can be used to indicate the number of subsets into which the first set is divided. The packet indication information can be transmitted in the signaling received by the tag, and the specific indication method can refer to the indication method of the indication information described above. For example, if the first set includes 64 sequences, numbered #0 to #63, the network device carries 2 bits as packet indication information in the signaling to be sent to the tag to indicate that the first set can be divided into two subsets: subset 0 includes sequences #0 to #31, and subset 1 includes sequences #32 to #63.

[0089] Specifically, embodiments of this application provide the following methods for determining the index of the first sequence in the first set.

[0090] For example, the label can perform a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determine the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result. The specific implementation process can be referred to Method 1 below.

[0091] For example, the label can perform a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determine the index of the first sequence in the second set based on the operation result. The specific implementation process can be referred to Method 2 below.

[0092] For example, the tag performs a first operation on the second value based on the first information, determines the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result, and determines the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information. The specific implementation process can be referred to in Method 3 below.

[0093] Furthermore, the label can determine the first sequence based on the index of the first sequence.

[0094] S502, The tag performs spread spectrum processing on the reflected information bits according to the first sequence.

[0095] The reflected information bits may include the RN16 generated by the tag, or related information about the tag, such as the tag's PC, EPC, and CRC-16.

[0096] For example, the tag can map the reflected information bits onto the time or frequency domain, and then multiply them with the first sequence to obtain the processed information. For instance, tag 1 uses sequence 4 from the first set as the first sequence, maps the information bits or information blocks to be sent by tag 1 to the network device onto the time or frequency domain, and then multiplies them by sequence 4 to obtain the signal transmitted on the tag reflection link after spread spectrum processing.

[0097] S503, the tag sends the processed information to the network device.

[0098] Among them, network devices can be Figure 3aor Figure 3b The communication architecture shown includes macro base stations or micro base stations.

[0099] Specifically, tags can reflect information to network devices using a spread spectrum and repetition method. The tags repeatedly send processed signals to the network devices, enabling the network devices to combine and despread the received signals, thereby effectively reducing the transmission error rate.

[0100] For example, in a tag-based reflection link, a fixed multiplication factor of n0 is preset, and the tag will repeatedly transmit the same information bits or blocks n0 times. For a single tag, when the network device receives the same information transmitted by the tag n0 times, it can merge and receive the n0 repeated information bits or blocks. If multiple tags simultaneously enter the response state within a time slot, each tag, after repeatedly transmitting the same information n0 times, multiplies the information bits or blocks to be reflected by its corresponding first sequence.

[0101] S504. The network device receives the information after the tag has been processed and performs despreading.

[0102] The network device receives the processed signal and performs merging and despreading to obtain the reflected signal from the tag.

[0103] Specifically, the network device can despread the received tagged signal based on the first sequence. Optionally, the network device can poll the sequences in the first set and perform correlation detection until a first sequence is found that can successfully despread the signal received by the network device.

[0104] For example, the first set includes 8 sequences: {sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2, sequence 3, sequence 4, sequence 5, sequence 6, sequence 7}. The first sequence selected by tag 1 is sequence 4. Tag 1 processes the reflected signal according to sequence 4 and sends it to the network device. After receiving the signal reflected by tag 1, the network device polls the sequences in the first set. Using sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2, and sequence 3 in sequence, the received signal cannot be successfully despread. Using sequence 4, the received signal can be successfully despread and the reflected signal of tag 1 can be obtained. After successful despreading, the network device stops polling the first set.

[0105] Optionally, the network device can synchronize the first sequence selected by the tag. After receiving the signal sent by the tag, the network device directly uses the first sequence synchronized by the tag for despreading. For example, the first set includes 8 sequences: {sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2, sequence 3, sequence 4, sequence 5, sequence 6, sequence 7}, where the first sequence selected by tag 1 is sequence 4. Tag 1 processes the reflected signal according to sequence 4 and sends it to the network device, and synchronizes sequence 4 with the network device. The network device despreads the received signal according to sequence 4 to obtain the reflected signal of tag 1.

[0106] Furthermore, after receiving the reflected signal from the tag, the network device can respond to or access the tag. For example, after successfully receiving the RN16 response from tag 1, the network device can send an ACK containing the same RN16 back to tag 1 to acknowledge it. Alternatively, the network device can obtain tag-related information for tag 1 through signal despreading and then connect the tag to the Ethernet.

[0107] Figure 5 The method shown uses a single tag and a network device as an example for illustration. It is understood that for other tags, the same approach can be used. Figure 5 The method shown communicates with network devices. For example, when tags 1, 2, 3, and 4 enter the response state in the same time slot, tags 1, 2, 3, and 4 can determine the index of the first sequence in the first set based on their respective first information. By spreading the reflection information bits of different tags according to the first sequence corresponding to the tags, the signals sent by tags 1 and 2, 3, and 4 to the network device can be made to not interfere with each other.

[0108] based on Figure 5 The method shown allows each tag to determine the index of a first sequence in a first set based on first information, and then determine the corresponding first sequence based on the index. Since the first information of different tags is different, the probability of tags selecting the same first sequence can be reduced, and the spread spectrum signals responded to by multiple tags to the network device do not interfere with each other, ultimately effectively improving the efficiency of tag access.

[0109] The following is about Figure 5 The methods shown include three methods for selecting the first sequence of labels: Method 1, Method 2, and Method 3.

[0110] Method 1: The label performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result.

[0111] The first information includes one or more of the following: tag identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag. For example, the first information may include one or more of the tag's TID, the tag's generated RN16, and another set of RNx generated by the tag. The first value can be indicated by indication information sent by the network device, and the first value can be the number of sequences in the first set. The first information of different tags is different from each other, thus it can be guaranteed with a high probability that multiple tags will select different first sequences when responding to the network device in the same time slot.

[0112] The first operation performed by the tag on the first value based on the first information may include the tag performing a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

[0113] For example, the label can perform a modulo operation on the first value based on the label identification information in the first information, and / or perform a modulo operation on the first value based on the pseudo-random number information generated by the label in the first label, and determine the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the result of the modulo operation.

[0114] Specifically, when the first information includes any one of the tag's TID, RN16, or RNx, the tag can perform a modulo operation on the first value based on one of the contents of the first information, obtain the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the result of the modulo operation, and take the sequence in the first set corresponding to that index as the first sequence.

[0115] The following example uses label 1 as the label, and the first information includes any one of the following: the TID of label 1, the RN16 generated by label 1, and another set of RNx generated by label 1. The process of performing a modulo operation on the first value of label 1 based on the first information and selecting the first sequence based on the result of the modulo operation will be explained.

[0116] Taking the first information as an example, which only includes the TID of tag 1, assuming that the first value obtained by tag 1 through the indication information sent by the network device is N, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling and starts the inventory process, tag 1 can obtain the index SS_Seq according to the TID and the first value N using the following formula (1). index _TID, which will be the first set with index SS_Seq index The sequence corresponding to _TID is used as the first sequence of tag 1.

[0117]

[0118] It should be noted that the symbol "mod" in the formulas of this application embodiment represents the modulo operation, such as "Amod B" means that A performs a modulo operation on B.

[0119] For example, if the TID of tag 1 is 0010 0101 0111 0101 1111 1010 0101 1011, and the indication information sent by the network device indicates that the first value is 8, which is represented as 1000 in binary, then the first set includes 8 possible sequences of tag 1. The index SS_Seq is calculated according to the formula (1) above. index If _TID is 3, then the sequence 3 corresponding to index 3 in the first set will be used as the first sequence of label 1.

[0120] Taking the first information as an example, which only includes the RN16 generated by tag 1, assuming that the first value obtained by tag 1 through the indication information is N, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling and starts the inventory process, tag 1 can obtain the index SS_Seq according to the RN16 and the first value N through the following formula (2). index _RN16, which matches the first set with index SS_Seq index The sequence corresponding to _RN16 is used as the first sequence of tag 1.

[0121] SS_Seq index _RN16=RN16 mod N Formula (2)

[0122] For example, the RN16 of the response generated by tag 1 to the network device is 1100 1011 0111 1010. The indication information sent by the network device indicates that the first value is 8, which is represented as 1000 in binary. That is, the first set includes 8 possible sequences of tag 1. The index SS_Seq is calculated according to the above formula (2). index _RN16 is 2, so the sequence 2 corresponding to index 2 in the first set is taken as the first sequence of label 1.

[0123] Taking another set of RNx consisting only of tag 1 as an example, assuming tag 1 obtains the first value N through the instruction information, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling and starts the inventory process, tag 1 can obtain the index SS_Seq according to RNx and the first value N through the following formula (3). index _RNx, which will match the first set with index SS_Seq index The sequence corresponding to _RNx is used as the first sequence of label 1.

[0124] SS_Seq index _RNx=RNx mod N formula (3)

[0125] For example, the RN8 generated by tag 1 and sent to the network device is 0111 1110. The indication information sent by the network device indicates that the first value is 8, which is represented as 1000 in binary. That is, the first set includes 8 possible sequences of tag 1. The index is calculated according to the above formula (3). The value is 6, and the sequence 6 corresponding to index 6 in the first set is used as the first sequence of label 1.

[0126] Specifically, when the first information includes multiple items from the tag's TID, RN16, and RNx, the tag can perform a modulo operation on the first value based on the result of traversing each item in the first information. Multiple indices are obtained based on the result of the modulo operation, and one of these indices is selected as the index of the first sequence. The sequence in the first set corresponding to this index is then used as the first sequence.

[0127] The following example uses label 1 as an example. The first information includes the TID of label 1, the RN16 generated by label 1, and multiple terms in another set of RNx generated by label 1. The process of performing a modulo operation on the first value of label 1 based on the first information and selecting the first sequence based on the result of the modulo operation will be explained.

[0128] Taking the first information as including the TID of tag 1, the RN16 generated by tag 1, and another set of RNx generated by tag 1 as an example, assume that the first value obtained by tag 1 through the instruction information is N, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling, it starts the inventory process. Tag 1 traverses the three items included in the first information and performs modulo operation on the first value N according to the traversal result.

[0129] For example, label 1 can obtain the index SS_Seq using the formula (1) above. index _TID, the index SS_Seq is obtained through the above formula (2). index _RN16, the index SS_Seq is obtained through the above formula (3). index _RNx, tag 1 can be obtained from the index set {SS_Seq} index _TID, SS_Seq index _RN16, SS_Seq index Randomly select an index from _RNx} as the index of the first sequence, and use the sequence in the first set that corresponds to that index as the first sequence of label 1.

[0130] Taking the first information, which includes the TID of tag 1 and the RN16 generated by tag 1, as an example, assume that the first value obtained by tag 1 through the first instruction information is N, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling, it starts the inventory process. Tag 1 traverses the multiple contents included in the first information and performs modulo operation on the first value N according to the traversal result. For example, tag 1 can obtain the sequence SS_Seq through the above formula (1). index _TID, the sequence SS_Seq is obtained through the above formula (2). index _RN16, tag 1 can be obtained from the index set {SS_Seq} index _TID, SS_Seq index Randomly select an index from _RN16} as the index of the first sequence, and use the sequence in the first set corresponding to that index as the first sequence of label 1.

[0131] For example, when the first information includes the tag's identification information and the pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, the tag performing the first operation based on the first information and the first value may further include: the tag performing a modulo operation on the first value based on the identification information to obtain a first result; the tag performing a modulo operation on the first value based on the pseudo-random number information to obtain a second result; summing the first result and the second result to obtain a third result; the tag performing a modulo operation on the first value based on the third result; and determining the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result.

[0132] Taking the first information, which includes the TID of tag 1 and the RNx generated by tag 1, as an example, assuming that the first value obtained by tag 1 through the indication information sent by the network device is N, that is, the first set includes N possible sequences of tag 1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling and starts the inventory process, tag 1 can obtain the index SS_Seq according to the TID, RNx, and the first value N through the following formula (4). index _Combine, which combines the first set with index SS_Seq index The sequence corresponding to _Combine is used as the first sequence of tag 1.

[0133] SS_Seq index _Combine=(TID mod N+RNx mod N)mod N formula (4)

[0134] For example, the first operation performed by the tag on the first value based on the first information further includes: after the tag performs a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information, a scrambling code is added for the operation, and the index of the first sequence in the first set is determined based on the operation result.

[0135] For example, tag 1 can perform a modulo operation on the first value based on the TID of tag 1, and then add a scrambling code to determine the index of the first sequence in the first set. The first set is matched with the index The corresponding sequence is used as the first sequence of label 1. The first calculation may include the calculation process of the following formula (5).

[0136]

[0137] In formula (5), S is the scrambling code, and the index is... The value range is [0, N-1].

[0138] Optionally, when the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and the pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, the process by which the tag determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on modulo and scrambling can refer to the above process and will not be repeated here.

[0139] The above method is applicable to a tag performing a first operation on a first value based on first information, and determining the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result. It is also applicable when multiple tags respond to a network device in the same time slot, performing a first operation on a first value based on first information, and determining the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result. For example, if tags 1, 2, 3, and 4 respond to a network device in the same time slot, the process of tags 2, 3, and 4 selecting the first sequence can be the same as that of tag 1. The probability of tags 1, 2, 3, and 4 selecting the same first sequence is low.

[0140] Method 2: The label can perform a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determine the index of the first sequence in the second set based on the operation result.

[0141] The first information includes one or more of the following: tag identification information and tag-generated pseudo-random number information. For example, the first information may include one or more of the tag's TID, the tag-generated RN16, and another set of RNx generated by the tag. The first value may be indicated by indication information sent by the network device, and the first value may be the number of sequences in the second set.

[0142] The second set can be a subset of multiple subsets divided from the first set. The number of subsets obtained from the first set is a third value, which can be indicated by packet indication information sent by the network device. These subsets can be numbered sequentially, for example, subset 0, subset 1, subset 2. The tag can perform a first operation on the first information and the third value, and obtain a subset index based on the operation result. The subsets corresponding to this subset index included in the multiple subsets divided from the first set are used as the second set. The first information of different tags is different, thus ensuring that multiple tags select different subsets. Selecting the first sequence from different subsets can further reduce the probability that multiple tags select the same first sequence when responding to the network device in the same time slot.

[0143] The second operation performed by the tag on the first information and the third value may include the tag performing a modulo operation on the third value based on the first information.

[0144] Specifically, when the first information includes any one of the tag's TID, RN16, and RNx, the tag can perform a modulo operation on the first value based on one of the first information, obtain a subset index based on the operation result, and use the subsets corresponding to this subset index included in the multiple subsets divided by the first set as the second set. The tag can then determine the first sequence from the second set.

[0145] The following explanation uses label 1 as an example, and the first information includes any one of the following: the TID of label 1, the RN16 generated by label 1, and another set of RNx generated by label 1. The process of performing a modulo operation on the third value of label 1 based on the first information and selecting the second set based on the result of the modulo operation is explained below.

[0146] Taking the first information as an example, which only includes the TID of tag 1, assuming that the third value obtained by tag 1 through the grouping indication information is M, that is, the first set includes M pre-divided subsets, which are numbered sequentially as subset 0, subset 1, ..., subset M-1. When tag 1 receives the query signaling and starts the inventory process, tag 1 can obtain a subset index SS_Aggre according to the TID and the third value M through the following formula (6). index _TID, which indexes the subsets within the multiple subsets divided by the first set as SS_Aggre index A subset of _TID is used as the second set.

[0147] SS_Aggre index _TID=TID mod M Formula (6)

[0148] For example, the TID of tag 1 is 0010 0101 0111 0101 1111 1010 0101 1011. The third value of the packet indication information sent by the network device is 4, which is represented as 100 in binary. That is, the first set can be divided into 4 subsets, which can be numbered as subset 0, subset 1, subset 2, and subset 3 in sequence. The subset index SS_Aggre is calculated according to the above formula (6). index If _TID is 3, then subset 3 of the four subsets divided by the first set will be used as the second set.

[0149] Optionally, the first information may include the RN16 generated by tag 1 or another set of RNx generated by tag 1. The process of selecting the second set based on any one of the first information can refer to the process of selecting the second set based on the TID of tag 1 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Specifically, when the first information includes multiple items from the tag's TID, RN16, and RNx, the tag can perform a modulo operation on the second value based on the result of iterating through each item in the first information. The result of the modulo operation yields a subset index set. For example, this subset index set could be: {SS_Aggre} index _TID, SS_Aggre index _RN16, SS_Aggre index _RNx}, the label can randomly select a subset index from the subset index set as the subset index of the second set, and the subset corresponding to the subset index in the subset divided by the first set is used as the second set.

[0151] Furthermore, the tag can perform a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determine the index of the first sequence in the second set based on the operation result. Specifically, the implementation process of the tag determining the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result in Method 1 above can be referred to, and will not be elaborated further.

[0152] The tag determines the index of the first sequence in the second set according to method two described above. It then processes the reflected information bits based on this index and sends the processed signal to the network device. Upon receiving the processed signal from the tag, the network device polls the sequences in the second set, performs correlation detection, and despreads the received signal. Compared to polling all sequences in the first set for correlation detection, polling only a subset of sequences in the first set reduces the range of sequences polled during despreading, effectively lowering the complexity of despreading.

[0153] Method 3: The tag performs a first operation on the second value based on the first information, determines the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result, and determines the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information.

[0154] The second information includes one or more of the following: tag identification information and tag-generated pseudo-random number information. For example, the second information includes one or more of the tag's TID, the tag-generated RN16, and another set of RNx generated by the tag. The second value can be indicated by indication information sent by the network device, and the second value can be the number of sequences in the third set.

[0155] The third set comprises multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, which can be sequentially numbered, for example, sequence 0, sequence 1, sequence 2, and sequence 3. The length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set, meaning that the sequences in the first set can be generated from the sequences in the third set.

[0156] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a generated sequence provided in an embodiment of this application. Wherein, the root code C... 0,0 =(1), C 0,0 Two spreading sequences of length 2 can be generated: C 0,0 When the next step is 1, we get C. 1,0 = (1,1), C 0,0 When the next step is 0, we get C. 1,1 = (1, -1). C 1,0 and C 1,1 It can generate four spreading sequences of length 4: C 1,0 When the next step is 1, we get C. 2,0 = (1,1,1,1), C 1,0 When the next step is 0, we get C. 2,1 = (1,1,-1,-1), C 1,1 When the next step is 1, we get C. 2,2 = (1, -1, 1, -1), C 1,1 When the next step is 1, we get C. 2,3 = (1, -1, -1, 1). The third set can include {C} 2,0 C 2,1 C 2,2 C 2,3 The sequences in the third set can generate eight spreading sequences of length 8, and these eight spreading sequences of length 8 can constitute the first set {C}. 3,0 C 3,1 C 3,2 C 3,3 C 3,4 C3,5 C 3,6 C 3,7}

[0157] Specifically, the process of performing a first operation on the second value based on the first information and determining the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result can refer to the process of determining the index of the first sequence in Method 1 or Method 2 above, and will not be elaborated further.

[0158] Furthermore, the label can determine the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information.

[0159] Specifically, the label can determine whether the next step of the second sequence is 0 or 1 based on one or more bits of the second information, and thus determine the index of the first sequence.

[0160] Let's take the example of the second information consisting only of the tag's TID. For instance, the first character of the tag's TID can determine whether the next step in the second sequence is 0 or 1. If the first character of tag 1's TID is 0, then the next step in the second sequence is 0. If the first character of tag 2's TID is 1, then the next step in the second sequence is 1.

[0161] For example, the label can determine whether the next step is 0 or 1 based on the last two digits of the label TID. If the last two digits of the label TID are 00 or 11, the next step of the second sequence is determined to be 1; if the last two digits of the label TID are 10 or 01, the next step of the second sequence is determined to be 0. When the second information includes the RN16 generated by the label or another set of RNx generated by the label, the process by which the label determines the next sequence generation of the second sequence can refer to the above process and will not be elaborated further.

[0162] Optionally, the label can determine whether the next step of the second sequence is 0 or 1 based on one or more bits of multiple items in the second information.

[0163] Taking the second information, which includes TID and RN16, as an example, if the first bit of the TID of tag 1 is 1 and the last bit of the RN16 of tag 1 is 0, then the next step of the second sequence of tag 1 is determined to be 1; if the first bit of the TID of tag 2 is 0 and the last bit of the RN16 of tag 2 is 1, then the next step of the second sequence of tag 2 is determined to be 0.

[0164] For example, the label can determine the index of the first sequence to be generated next from the second sequence based on the second information.

[0165] The following section uses label 1 as an example to explain the process of determining the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information.

[0166] For example, the signaling sent by the network device determines that the length of the first sequence selected by tag 1 is 8. The TID of tag 1 is 0010 0101 0111 0101 1111 1010 0101 1011, and the indication information sent by the network device indicates that the second value is 4, which is represented as 100 in binary. That is, the third set includes 4 possible sequences of tag 1. The index SS_Seq of the second sequence is calculated according to the above formula (1). index _TID is 3, the third set includes sequence 2 which is the second sequence of label 1, and sequence 3 can be... Figure 6 C in 2,3 = (1, -1, -1, 1). Since the first digit of the TID of tag 1 is 0, the next step of the second sequence is determined to be 0. After this process, the index of the first sequence of length 8 is obtained. Based on this index, the first sequence can be determined as... Figure 6 C in 3,6 = (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1).

[0167] The tag obtains its first sequence according to method three above, which can further reduce the probability that multiple tags in the same time slot will select the same first sequence, effectively improving the efficiency of actual network devices in identifying tags.

[0168] This application embodiment can divide tags or network devices into functional modules based on the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0169] Figure 7 A structural diagram of a communication device 700 is shown. This communication device 700 can be a tag, and it can be used to perform the functions of the tag involved in the above embodiments. As one possible implementation, Figure 7 The communication device 700 shown includes: a receiving unit 701, a processing unit 702, and a transmitting unit 703.

[0170] The receiving unit 701 can be used to receive indication information from a network device, the indication information indicating a first value; or, the indication information indicating a second value. The first value is the maximum number of sequences selected by the processing unit 702 from a first set; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences selected by the processing unit 702 from a second set, the second set being a subset of the first set.

[0171] Optionally, the receiving unit 701 can also be used to receive packet indication information from the network device.

[0172] The processing unit 702 can be used to perform a first operation on a first value based on first information, and determine the index of a first sequence in a first set based on the operation result. Specifically, the first operation performed by the processing unit 702 on the first value based on the first information includes: performing a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

[0173] Optionally, the processing unit 702 can also be configured to perform a first operation on the second value based on the first information, and determine the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result; wherein, the second value is the number of sequences in the third set; and the processing unit 702 determines the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information. The second information includes one or more of the following: the identification information of the processing unit 702, and the pseudo-random number information generated by the processing unit 702.

[0174] Optionally, the processing unit 702 can also be used to spread the reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence.

[0175] The sending unit 703 is used to send the information processed by the processing unit 702.

[0176] The processing unit may be a processor or a controller. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0177] Specifically, all relevant content of each step involved in the embodiments of this application can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module unit, and will not be repeated here. The communication device 700 is used to perform... Figure 5 The method shown can achieve the same effect as the signal transmission method described above.

[0178] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be a terminal of any of the foregoing embodiments, such as an internal storage unit including a data sending end and / or a data receiving end, like a hard disk or memory of the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc., equipped on the terminal. Further, the computer-readable storage medium can include both the internal storage unit and the external storage device of the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0179] This application also provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the signal transmission method described in any embodiment of this application.

[0180] This application also provides a communication system, the structural diagram of which is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the communication system 800 may include: tags, network devices, and the tags and network devices can be connected via an air interface.

[0181] The tag can perform the tag functions involved in the embodiments of this application, and the network device can perform the network device functions involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0182] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0183] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0186] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0187] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0188] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0189] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0190] The steps in the method of this application embodiment can be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual needs.

[0191] The modules in the device of this application embodiment can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0192] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting a signal, characterized by, The method includes: The tag determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information; wherein, the first information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and the pseudo-random number information generated by the tag, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; The tag performs spread spectrum processing on the reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence; The tag sends processed information to the network device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The label determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information, including: The tag performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, and determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the operation result; wherein, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the first set used for tag selection; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the second set used for tag selection, and the second set is a subset of the first set.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tag performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, including: The label performs a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The label determines the index of the first sequence in the first set based on the first information, including: The tag performs a first operation on the second value based on the first information, and determines the index of the second sequence in the third set based on the operation result; wherein, the second value is the number of sequences in the third set; The tag determines the index of the first sequence based on the index of the second sequence and the second information, wherein the second information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The tag receives indication information from the network device, the indication information indicating the first value; or, the indication information indicating the second value.

7. A method for transmitting signals, characterized in that, The method includes: The network device receives information processed by the tag, wherein the information processed by the tag is obtained by spreading the reflected information bits according to the first sequence corresponding to the index of the first sequence in the first set; The index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the first information; wherein, the first information includes one or more of the label's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the label, and the first set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences; The network device performs despreading on the information processed by the tag to obtain the reflected information bits of the tag.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the first information, including: The index of the first sequence is determined by the result of the first operation performed by the label on the first value according to the first information; wherein, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the first set used for the label selection; or, the first value is the maximum number of sequences in the second set used for the label selection, and the second set is a subset of the first set.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tag performs a first operation on the first value based on the first information, including: The label performs a modulo operation on the first value based on the first information.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The index of the first sequence is determined by the label based on the first information, including: The index of the second sequence in the third set is determined by the result of the first operation performed on the second value based on the first information; wherein, the second value is the number of sequences in the third set; The index of the first sequence is determined by the tag based on the index of the second sequence and the second information; wherein, the second information includes one or more of the tag's identification information and pseudo-random number information generated by the tag.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The third set includes multiple mutually orthogonal sequences, the length of the sequences in the third set is less than the length of the sequences in the first set, and the sequences in the third set are the base sequences of the sequences in the first set.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, The network device sends indication information to the tag, the indication information indicating the first value; or, the indication information indicating the second value.

13. A label, characterized in that, The tag includes one or more processors and a communication interface, wherein the one or more processors and the communication interface are used to support the communication device in performing the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

14. A network device, characterized in that, The network device includes one or more processors and a communication interface, wherein the one or more processors and the communication interface are used to support the communication device in performing the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 7-12.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 7-12.

16. A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 7-12.

17. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes the tag as described in claim 13 and the network device as described in claim 14, and is capable of performing the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 7-12.

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