Feed for improving immunity of young pigeons

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of to improve immunity young pigeon feed, according to mass fraction includes the following component ingredients: corn flour 14.5~53.5 portions, peanut meal 15~25 portions, bran 15~25 portions, bean cake 10~20 portions, probiotic powder 5~9 portions, soybean total saponin 1~5 portions and gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponin 0.5~1.5 portions;The probiotic powder used in this non-antibiotic new green feed can significantly improve young pigeon intestinal microflora, improve immunity, and reduce the use of antibiotic drugs;Secondly, a small amount of soybean total saponin and gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponin not only have no toxic side effects on young pigeons, but also can effectively prevent and treat pigeon-derived candida albicans, so that young pigeons basically do not need to take antibiotic drugs any more, on this basis, a coffee active extract KFD-DCE can significantly improve the healing speed of young pigeons infected with pigeon-derived candida albicans.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed, specifically to a feed for young pigeons that enhances immunity. Background Technology

[0002] Young pigeons kept for breeding are called juvenile pigeons before they reach sexual maturity and are paired. Juvenile pigeons are more sensitive to the environment inside and outside the pigeon house, have poor disease resistance, and are prone to candidiasis, which leads to a decline in their reproductive capacity and immunity, and a relatively lower survival rate compared to ordinary pigeons.

[0003] Candida albicans is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause deep or superficial fungal infections in humans and animals. Infection and pathogenicity of Candida albicans in young pigeons is very common, primarily infecting the digestive tract and skin. Infected pigeons are the main source of infection, contracting the disease through ingesting contaminated feed or water. Pigeon-borne candidiasis is often sporadic, but once an outbreak occurs, the mortality rate is extremely high, causing severe losses. It is a common problem faced by the squab farming industry. Currently, the pigeon farming industry uses antibiotics such as nystatin and amphotericin B to prevent and control Candida albicans infection. However, this leads to antibiotic overuse and causes problems such as livestock product safety and environmental pollution, posing a significant threat to animal and human health.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new type of non-antibiotic green feed to effectively solve pigeon candidiasis and improve the immunity of young pigeons is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned challenges, this invention provides a pigeon feed to enhance immunity, comprising the following components by weight: 14.5–53.5 parts corn flour, 15–25 parts peanut meal, 15–25 parts wheat bran, 10–20 parts soybean meal, 5–9 parts probiotic powder, 1–5 parts total soybean saponins, and 0.5–1.5 parts total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins.

[0006] The method for preparing the probiotic powder is as follows:

[0007] Lactobacillus plantarum Y12 (CCTCC No. M2016469) and Pediococcus acidilactici YD-01 (CCTCC No. M2017382) were inoculated onto MRS slant agar and cultured at 28–37 °C for 24–48 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum slant cultures and Pediococcus acidilactici slant cultures, respectively.

[0008] The slant cultures of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Pediococcus lactis* from the above steps were transferred to test tubes containing sterilized MRS broth medium and cultured on a shaker at a temperature of 28–37°C for 24–48 hours to obtain *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed culture and *Pediococcus lactis* seed culture, respectively.

[0009] The *Pediococcus lactis* seed solution and *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed solution from the above steps are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:4 to obtain a mixed seed solution. Then, the mixed seed solution is added to the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 1:40 to 1:60. Fermentation is carried out for 24 to 48 hours, with the fermentation temperature controlled at 28 to 37°C and the pH at 3.2 to 4.8. After cooling to room temperature, the mixed inoculum fermentation broth is obtained.

[0010] Centrifuge the mixed bacterial fermentation broth from the above steps, remove the supernatant, and obtain a semi-solid bacterial sludge;

[0011] The semi-solid bacterial sludge from the above steps is air-dried to obtain probiotic powder.

[0012] Furthermore, the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum Y12 was 1×10⁻⁶. 6 ~9×10 6 cfu / g.

[0013] Furthermore, the viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici YD-01 was 1×10⁻⁶. 6 ~9×10 6 cfu / g.

[0014] Furthermore, the MRS slant culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 8.0 g / L beef meal, 4.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 14 g / L agar, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L diammonium citrate, 0.801 L Tween, and 1 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.0–6.5.

[0015] Furthermore, the MRS broth culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 10.0 g / L beef extract, 5.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 0.5 g / L cysteine, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L triammonium citrate, 0.801 L Tween, and 1 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.0–6.5.

[0016] Furthermore, the mixed-culture fermentation broth comprises the following components by weight percentage: wheat bran 30%, sucrose 10%, yeast extract 0.5%, agar 8%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, and distilled water 51%.

[0017] Furthermore, the immune-boosting pigeon feed also includes 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of coffee active extract KFD-DCE. The preparation method of KFD-DCE includes the following steps: take 3 kg of roasted coffee beans, crush them, pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, add 2-4 times the amount of solvent to the crushed coffee bean powder, stir thoroughly, let it stand and soak for 30 minutes, extract it ultrasonically for 30 minutes, filter out the extract, then add 1-2 times the amount of solvent to perform a second ultrasonic extraction on the coffee bean powder, combine the two filtrates, concentrate them to a paste state, and obtain KFD-DCE.

[0018] Furthermore, the solvent is any one of n-hexane, acetone, and ethyl acetate.

[0019] This application also provides a method for using pigeon feed to improve immunity, wherein the pigeon feed is mixed with water and fed to pigeons daily, and the amount of water added is 25% of the weight of the pigeon feed.

[0020] Furthermore, the feeding amount for young pigeons is 40-60g per pigeon per day, fed twice a day. The morning feeding accounts for 2 / 5 of the total daily feed, and the afternoon feeding accounts for 3 / 5 of the total daily feed.

[0021] The beneficial effects are as follows: The probiotic powder used in the feed of young pigeons in this application can significantly improve the intestinal microbiota of young pigeons, enhance immunity, and reduce the use of antibiotics; secondly, long-term research has found that adding a small amount of total soybean saponins and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins not only has no toxic side effects on young pigeons, but can also effectively prevent and control Candida albicans of pigeon origin, so that raising young pigeons basically no longer requires the use of antibiotics. On this basis, the addition of a coffee active extract KFD-DCE can significantly improve the recovery speed of young pigeons infected with Candida albicans of pigeon origin. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the present invention.

[0023] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the specific embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the protection scope of the invention.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; in the embodiments of the present invention, unless specifically specified, the technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Raw material source:

[0026] Soy saponins were purchased from Shaanxi Xinkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0027] Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins were purchased from Xi'an An'ao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] Nystatin, purchased from Shandong Bangjia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., approval number: Veterinary Drug No. 130021366;

[0029] All other raw materials are commercially available.

[0030] Pigeon-derived Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus widely found in nature. The small, oval-shaped cells can grow to form pseudohyphae, exhibiting strong adhesion to cell membranes and resisting phagocytosis by leukocytes. Its toxins have strong shock and lethal effects, and it can also produce hydrolytic enzymes that cause tissue damage and induce lesions. Young pigeons under two months old are susceptible to infection by this pigeon-derived Candida albicans due to their weak immune systems. Using antibiotics to prevent and treat this disease can easily lead to antibiotic resistance in pigeons, resulting in decreased immunity. Furthermore, long-term use of antibiotics can leave residues in the pigeon's body, eventually reaching humans through the food chain. Therefore, this application provides a feed for young pigeons to improve their immunity. To further clarify the technical solution and effects of this invention, detailed descriptions are provided below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a pigeon feed to enhance immunity, comprising the following components by weight: 14.5 parts corn flour, 25 parts peanut meal, 25 parts wheat bran, 20 parts soybean meal, 9 parts probiotic powder, 5 parts total soybean saponins, and 1.5 parts total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins.

[0033] The method for preparing probiotic powder is as follows:

[0034] The selected live bacteria count was 9×10⁶. 6 Lactobacillus plantarum Y12, cfu / g, preservation number CCTCC No. M 2016469, with a viable count of 9 × 10⁻⁶. 6Pediococcus acidilactici (cfu / g) YD-01, preservation number CCTCC NO.M2017382, was inoculated onto MRS slant medium and cultured at 37℃ for 36 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum slant culture and Pediococcus acidilactici slant culture, respectively.

[0035] The slant cultures of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Pediococcus lactis* from the above steps were transferred to test tubes containing sterilized MRS broth medium and cultured on a shaker at 37°C for 36 hours to obtain *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed culture and *Pediococcus lactis* seed culture, respectively.

[0036] The seed liquid of *Pediococcus lactis* and the seed liquid of *Lactobacillus plantarum* from the above steps were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixed seed liquid. Then, the mixed seed liquid was added to the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 1:60. Fermentation was carried out for 36 hours, with the fermentation temperature controlled at 37℃ and the pH at 4.8. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the mixed inoculum fermentation broth.

[0037] Centrifuge the mixed bacterial fermentation broth from the above steps, remove the supernatant, and obtain a semi-solid bacterial sludge;

[0038] The semi-solid bacterial mud from the above steps is air-dried to obtain probiotic powder.

[0039] The MRS slant culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 8.0 g / L beef meal, 4.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 14 g / L agar, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L diammonium citrate, 0.801 L Tween, 1 L distilled water, and a pH of 6.0.

[0040] The MRS broth culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 10.0 g / L beef extract, 5.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 0.5 g / L cysteine, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L triammonium citrate, 0.80 L Tween, and 1 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.0.

[0041] The fermentation broth comprises the following components by mass percentage: wheat bran 30%, sucrose 10%, yeast extract 0.5%, agar 8%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, and distilled water 51%.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this embodiment are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the pigeon feed, by weight, includes the following components: 53.5 parts corn flour, 15 parts peanut meal, 15 parts wheat bran, 10 parts soybean meal, 5 parts probiotic powder, 1 part total soybean saponins, and 0.5 parts total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins;

[0044] The preparation method for the probiotic powder is slightly different, and the number of live bacteria selected is 1×10⁶. 6 Lactobacillus plantarum Y12 cfu / g and viable count of 1×10 6 Pediococcus acidilactici (cfu / g) YD-01 was inoculated onto MRS slant medium and cultured at 28℃ for 24 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum slant culture and Pediococcus acidilactici slant culture, respectively.

[0045] The slant cultures of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Pediococcus lactis* from the above steps were cultured on a shaker at 28°C for 24 hours to obtain *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed culture and *Pediococcus lactis* seed culture, respectively.

[0046] The *Pediococcus lactis* seed solution and *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed solution from the above steps were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed seed solution. Then, the mixed seed solution was added to the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 1:40. Fermentation was carried out for 24 hours at a temperature of 28°C and a pH of 3.2. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the mixed bacterial fermentation broth.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this embodiment are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the pigeon feed, by weight, includes the following components: 34 parts corn flour, 20 parts peanut meal, 20 parts wheat bran, 15 parts soybean meal, 7 parts probiotic powder, 3 parts total soybean saponins, and 1 part total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins;

[0049] The preparation method for the probiotic powder is slightly different, and the number of live bacteria selected is 5×10⁶. 6 Lactobacillus plantarum Y12 cfu / g and viable count of 5×10 6 Pediococcus acidilactici (cfu / g) YD-01 was inoculated onto MRS slant medium and cultured at 32℃ for 48 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum slant culture and Pediococcus acidilactici slant culture, respectively.

[0050] The slant cultures of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Pediococcus lactis* from the above steps were cultured on a shaker at 32°C for 48 hours to obtain *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed culture and *Pediococcus lactis* seed culture, respectively.

[0051] The *Pediococcus lactis* seed solution and *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed solution from the above steps were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain a mixed seed solution. Then, the mixed seed solution was added to the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 1:50. Fermentation was carried out for 48 hours at a temperature of 32°C and a pH of 4.0. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the mixed bacterial fermentation broth.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this embodiment are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, according to the mass fraction of the pigeon feed, it also includes 0.1 parts of coffee active extract KFD-DCE. The preparation method of KFD-DCE includes the following steps: take 3 kg of roasted coffee beans, crush them, pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, add 2 times the amount of ethyl acetate to the sieved and crushed roasted coffee bean powder, stir thoroughly, let it stand and soak for 30 min, ultrasonically extract for 30 min, filter out the extract, then add 1 times the amount of ethyl acetate, and perform a second ultrasonic extraction on the roasted coffee bean powder, combine the two filtrates, concentrate to a paste state, and obtain KFD-DCE.

[0054] Example 5

[0055] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this embodiment are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, according to the mass fraction of the pigeon feed, it also includes 0.5 parts of coffee active extract KFD-DCE. The preparation method of KFD-DCE includes the following steps: take 3 kg of roasted coffee beans, crush them, pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, add 4 times the amount of acetone to the crushed coffee bean powder, stir thoroughly, let it stand and soak for 30 min, ultrasonically extract for 30 min, filter out the extract, then add 2 times the amount of acetone, and perform a second ultrasonic extraction on the coffee bean powder. Combine the two filtrates and concentrate them to a paste state to obtain KFD-DCE.

[0056] Example 6

[0057] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this embodiment are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, according to the mass fraction of the pigeon feed, it also includes 0.3 parts of coffee active extract KFD-DCE. The preparation method of KFD-DCE includes the following steps: take 3 kg of roasted coffee beans, crush them, pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, add 3 times the amount of n-hexane to the sieved and crushed coffee bean powder, stir thoroughly, let it stand and soak for 30 min, ultrasonically extract for 30 min, filter out the extract, then add 1.5 times the amount of n-hexane, and perform a second ultrasonic extraction on the coffee bean powder, combine the two filtrates, concentrate to a paste state, and obtain KFD-DCE.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that this comparative example does not include probiotic powder, total soybean soap, and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that no probiotic powder was added in this comparative example.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that no total soybean saponins were added in this comparative example.

[0064] Comparative Example 4

[0065] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum were not added in this comparative example.

[0066] Comparative Example 5

[0067] Except for the following content, the process conditions and experimental steps in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that nystatin is used instead of total soybean saponins and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins in this comparative example.

[0068] animal testing

[0069] 330 healthy 28-day-old pigeons infected with Candida albicans were selected, with consistent initial weights and no significant differences (P>0.05). Selection criteria for infected pigeons: early symptoms included depression, retracted neck and closed eyes, standing listlessly, reluctance to move, dull and ruffled feathers, decreased or absent appetite, digestive disorders, diarrhea, and swollen cysts.

[0070] Experimental method: The sick pigeons were randomly divided into 11 groups of 30 each, according to their weight. The average daily feed intake of each sick pigeon was 50g, with 20g fed in the morning and 30g fed in the afternoon as the standard. 50g of the pigeon feed prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were weighed out each day, and 25g of water was added to each feed and mixed well. The pigeons were fed this feed daily.

[0071] Observation indicators: Feed continuously for 15 days and record the recovery status of sick pigeons, including the average weight change of each young pigeon, recovery rate, recovery time, etc.

[0072] Results: Comparison of recovery rates among different groups of young pigeons

[0073] Table 1 Comparison of recovery status of young pigeons in each group

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] By comparing the recovery status of the young pigeons in each group and conducting a comprehensive analysis, it was found that:

[0077] (1) All indicators of Examples 1 to 6 are better than those of Comparative Example 5, indicating that the pigeon feed formula of this application has the effect of preventing and controlling Candida albicans from pigeons, and the effect is better than that of nystatin.

[0078] (2) Comparative Example 1 served as a blank control group. Since no probiotic powder, total soybean soap, and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins were added, its indicators were the worst among all examples and comparative examples.

[0079] (3) Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it can be found that since no probiotic powder was added to Comparative Example 2, the weight gain of the young pigeons in Comparative Example 2 was significantly worse than that in Example 1, and the other two indicators were also worse than those in Example 1. This indicates that probiotic powder can significantly improve the intestinal microbiota of young pigeons, enhance immunity, and has a positive effect on the treatment of Candida albicans infection in young pigeons.

[0080] (4) Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it can be found that since Comparative Example 3 did not add total soybean saponins and Comparative Example 4 did not add total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins, the various indicators of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were significantly worse than those of Example 1. This indicates that total soybean saponins and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins are effective in preventing and controlling Candida albicans from pigeons, so that young pigeons basically do not need to take antibiotics. At the same time, comparing Comparative Examples 3 and 4 with Comparative Example 2, it can also be found that not adding total soybean saponins or total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins has more serious consequences than not adding probiotic powder. This indicates that although adding probiotic powder can improve the immunity of young pigeons and help them prevent and control Candida albicans from pigeons to some extent, if total soybean saponins or total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins are not added, the cure rate of young pigeons is still very low and the cure time is still very long.

[0081] (5) Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 5, it can be found that since Comparative Example 5 replaced soybean total saponins and Gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponins with nystatin, the results show that although nystatin is a commonly used drug for the prevention and control of Candida albicans from pigeons, its prevention and control effect is not as good as the combined effect of soybean total saponins and Gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponins.

[0082] (6) Comparing Examples 4, 5, and 6 with Example 1, it can be found that adding a coffee active extract KFD-DCE to Example 1 can significantly improve the recovery speed of young pigeons infected with Candida albicans from pigeons. Moreover, the indicators of Example 6 are better than those of Examples 4 and 5. This may be related to the amount of coffee active extract KFD-DCE added and the extraction process.

[0083] (7) Comparing Example 1 with Examples 2 and 3, it was found that the indicators of Example 1 were better than those of Examples 2 and 3. This may be because the proportions of probiotic powder, total soybean saponins and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins were different, and the process conditions used for probiotic powder were slightly different, resulting in different contents of effective ingredients in the whole formula, which made the final performance of each group of examples different.

[0084] In summary, the probiotic powder used in the feed of young pigeons in this application can significantly improve the intestinal microbiota of young pigeons, enhance immunity, and reduce the use of antibiotics. Secondly, long-term research has found that adding small amounts of total soybean saponins and total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins not only has no toxic side effects on young pigeons, but also effectively prevents and treats Candida albicans of pigeon origin, so that raising young pigeons basically no longer requires the use of antibiotics. On this basis, the combination with a coffee active extract KFD-DCE can significantly improve the recovery speed of young pigeons infected with Candida albicans of pigeon origin.

[0085] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for young pigeons to enhance immunity, characterized in that, The composition includes the following components by weight: 14.5-53.5 parts corn flour, 15-25 parts peanut meal, 15-25 parts wheat bran, 10-20 parts soybean meal, 5-9 parts probiotic powder, 0.1-0.5 parts coffee active extract KFD-DCE, 1-5 parts total soybean saponins, and 0.5-1.5 parts total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins. The method for preparing the probiotic powder is as follows: Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum Y12, with accession number CCTCC No. M 2016469 and *Pediococcus lactis* ( Pediococcus acidilactici YD-01, with preservation number CCTCC NO.M2017382, was inoculated on MRS slant medium and cultured at a temperature of 28~37℃ for 24~48h, respectively, to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum slant culture and Pediococcus lactis slant culture. The slant cultures of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Pediococcus lactis* from the above steps were transferred to test tubes containing sterilized MRS broth medium and cultured on a shaker at a temperature of 28-37°C for 24-48 hours to obtain *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed culture and *Pediococcus lactis* seed culture, respectively. Mix the *Pediococcus lactis* seed solution and *Lactobacillus plantarum* seed solution in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:4 to obtain a mixed seed solution. Then, add the mixed seed solution to the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 1:40 to 1:60 and ferment for 24 to 48 hours. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 28 to 37°C and the pH is 3.2 to 4.

8. Cool to room temperature to obtain the mixed inoculum fermentation broth. Centrifuge the mixed bacterial fermentation broth from the above steps, remove the supernatant, and obtain a semi-solid bacterial sludge; The semi-solid bacterial mud from the above steps is air-dried to obtain probiotic powder. The preparation method of the coffee active extract KFD-DCE includes the following steps: take 3 kg of roasted coffee beans, crush them, pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, add 2-4 times the amount of solvent to the crushed coffee bean powder, stir thoroughly, let it stand and soak for 30 min, extract it ultrasonically for 30 min, filter out the extract, then add 1-2 times the amount of solvent to perform a second ultrasonic extraction on the coffee bean powder, combine the two filtrates, concentrate to a paste state, and obtain KFD-DCE; the solvent is any one of n-hexane, acetone and ethyl acetate.

2. The immune-boosting feed for young pigeons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus plantarum The viable count of Y12 was 1×10⁻⁶. 6 ~9×10 6 cfu / g.

3. The immune-boosting feed for young pigeons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lactic acid cocci ( Pediococcus acidilactici YD-01 has a viable count of 1×10⁻⁶. 6 ~9×10 6 cfu / g.

4. The immune-boosting feed for young pigeons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MRS slant culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 8.0 g / L beef meal, 4.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 14 g / L agar, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L diammonium citrate, 0.801 L Tween, and 1 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.0–6.

5.

5. The immune-boosting feed for young pigeons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MRS broth culture medium consisted of 10.0 g / L peptone, 10.0 g / L beef extract, 5.0 g / L yeast extract, 5.0 g / L sodium acetate, 0.58 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.25 g / L manganese sulfate, 0.5 g / L cysteine, 20.0 g / L glucose, 2.0 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g / L triammonium citrate, 0.801 L Tween, and 1 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.0–6.5.

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