Tubular heat exchanger with adjustable heat exchange area

Abstract

The application provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger capable of adjusting heat exchange area online. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a tube sheet shell, a tube sheet, a heat exchange tube, and a plurality of partition plates. The tube sheet shell comprises a head arranged at one axial end thereof, and the head is provided with a liquid inlet. One tube opening of the heat exchange tube extends from the center of the tube sheet shell to the tube sheet or into the tube sheet at one axial end. The plurality of partition plates are connected to the tube sheet and the head to divide the space between the tube sheet and the head into an initial zone and at least two control zones. The partition plates are provided with flow-through openings capable of being controlled open and closed online. The liquid inlet corresponds to the initial zone, and the heat exchange medium can enter the initial zone from the liquid inlet and enter the heat exchange tube corresponding to the initial zone. Whether the heat exchange medium in the initial zone enters the corresponding control zone divided by the corresponding partition plate is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the flow-through openings online, so that the heat exchange area of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of shell-and-tube heat exchanger technology, and more particularly to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with an online adjustable heat exchange area. Background Technology

[0002] For large heat exchangers, full-load operation is not always necessary. For shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the most common way to adjust the heat transfer area is to block part of the heat exchange tubes, preventing them from participating in heat transfer. However, even with manholes, without opening the equipment flanges, the entire system needs to be shut down until all the medium in the tubes is drained before personnel can enter the tube-side space to operate, which is costly and time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address at least one of the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger capable of adjusting the heat exchange area online.

[0004] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area provided in this application includes:

[0005] A pipe box housing, the pipe box housing including a head disposed at one of its axial ends, the head being provided with a liquid inlet;

[0006] Tube sheet, which is disposed at one axial end of the tube box housing;

[0007] A heat exchange tube extends axially along the tube box shell, and one end of the heat exchange tube extends out of or into the tube sheet from the center of the tube box shell towards one end in the axial direction.

[0008] Multiple partitions are connected to the tube sheet and the end cap to divide the space between the end cap and the tube sheet into an initial zone and at least two control zones. Each partition has a flow port that can be opened and closed online, and the flow port connects the initial zone and the control zones.

[0009] The liquid inlet corresponds to the initial zone. The heat exchange medium can enter the initial zone from the liquid inlet and enter the heat exchange tube corresponding to the initial zone. By controlling the opening and closing of the flow port online, the heat exchange medium in the initial zone can be controlled to enter the corresponding control zone separated by the partition plate, thereby adjusting the heat exchange area of ​​the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0010] In at least one embodiment, the flow port that can be opened and closed online is provided with a louvered blade assembly and a control rod. The control rod can be rotated via an online control system, thereby controlling the blade assembly to cover or expose the flow port.

[0011] In at least one embodiment, the blade assembly includes a plurality of blades, with the blades hinged to the partition plate at both ends along their length.

[0012] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a control bar, at one end of the blade in the width direction, to which the blade is hinged.

[0013] The direction of the rotation axis of the blade is the length direction, and the control bar is also hinged to the control rod, so that when the control rod rotates, the control bar drives the blade to rotate to cover or expose the flow port.

[0014] In at least one embodiment, the hinge point of the blade hinged to the partition plate is located at the center of the blade in the width direction, and the blade passes through the flow port.

[0015] In at least one embodiment, the blades corresponding to the two control areas are in the same width direction, and the control strips hinged to the blades corresponding to the two control areas are simultaneously hinged to one control rod, so that a single control rod can control the opening and closing of the flow ports of the two control areas.

[0016] In at least one embodiment, the control bar that is hinged to the blades on each of the partition plates is individually hinged to the corresponding control rod, so that the heat exchange medium entering each of the control zones can be individually controlled.

[0017] In at least one embodiment, the total area of ​​the flow ports on a single partition is not less than the total area of ​​the ports within the corresponding control area separated by the partition.

[0018] In at least one embodiment, the partition plate is provided with one or more pressure balancing channels, the pressure balancing channels connecting the initial area and the control area, and the total area of ​​the flow ports on the partition plate is at least ten times the total cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balancing channels on the partition plate.

[0019] In at least one embodiment, the pressure balancing channel is provided with one or more deceleration baffles, and the area of ​​a single deceleration baffle is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balancing channel.

[0020] In at least one embodiment, two deceleration baffles are provided in the pressure balance channel, and the gaps between the two deceleration baffles and the pressure balance channel are offset in the circumferential direction of the pressure balance channel.

[0021] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided in this application does not require shutdown and allows for online adjustment of the openings and closings of the flow ports on the partition plates to control the number of heat exchange tubes involved in heat transfer, thereby adjusting the heat exchange area of ​​the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Compared to the method of sealing the tube openings one by one, the approach of directly sealing the area in this application involves a simpler manufacturing and installation process for the barrier structure, better fault tolerance, and convenient and efficient adjustment. This application does not change the corresponding structure of the heat exchange tubes in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and does not affect the relevant data calculation model of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger itself. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes is shown of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger capable of online adjustment of the heat exchange area according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with its heat exchange tubes that is axially parallel to the heat exchange tubes, according to an embodiment of this application, is shown.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram is shown of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of this application, with the flow port not blocked by the blade assembly.

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram is shown of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of this application, in which the flow port is blocked by the blade assembly.

[0026] Figure 5 It shows Figure 3 A magnified view of the hinge position between the control lever and the control bar.

[0027] Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A magnified view of the hinge position between the control lever and the control bar.

[0028] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the pressure balance hole of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger capable of online adjustment of heat exchange area according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0030] 1. Tube sheet;

[0031] 2 heat exchange tubes; 21 tube inlets;

[0032] 3 heads;

[0033] 4. Section divider; 41. Flow port; 42. Blade group; 421. Blade; 43. Control lever; 431. Rotating shaft; 44. Control bar;

[0034] 51 Initial Region; 52 Control Region;

[0035] 6. Pressure balance channel; 61. Speed ​​reduction baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Exemplary embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these specific descriptions are for teaching those skilled in the art how to implement this application only, and are not intended to exhaustively describe all possible methods of this application, nor to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] This application provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as "shell-and-tube heat exchanger") capable of adjusting the heat exchange area online, which may include a tube box shell, a tube sheet 1, heat exchange tubes 2 and multiple partition plates 4.

[0038] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 The tube sheet 1 is disposed at one axial end of the tube box shell. The heat exchange tubes 2 are arranged along the axial direction of the tube box shell. Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper surface, Figure 2 Extending vertically within the tube sheet 1, one (or one side) of the heat exchange tube 2 can extend axially from the center of the tube sheet 1 or be inserted into (i.e., located) within the tube sheet 1. For example, Figure 1 The intersection of the line segments represents the center position of the tube opening 21 of the heat exchange tube 2, and the circle at the end of the line segment represents the heat exchange tube 2 located at the boundary.

[0039] The tube housing includes a head 3 disposed at one axial end, the head 3 having a liquid inlet (not shown in the figure). Multiple partition plates 4 are connected to the tube sheet 1 and the head 3 to divide the space between the head 3 and the tube sheet 1 into an initial zone 51 and at least two control zones 52. Exemplarily, Figure 1 It has four control zones, 52.

[0040] The liquid inlet on the end cap 3 corresponds to the initial zone 51. The heat exchange medium can enter the initial zone 51 from the liquid inlet and then enter the corresponding heat exchange tube 2. The partition plate 4 is provided with a flow port 41 that can be controlled online. The flow port 41 connects the initial zone 51 and the control zone 52. By controlling the opening and closing of the flow port 41 online, the heat exchange medium in the initial zone 51 can be controlled to enter the corresponding control zone 52 separated by the partition plate 4, thus adjusting the heat exchange area of ​​the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. It can be understood that if the heat exchange medium does not enter the control zone 52 from the flow port 41, the control zone 52 can be considered not to participate in heat transfer, reducing the heat exchange area.

[0041] This application does not require changing the flow rate of the heat exchange medium injected into the heat exchanger, nor does it require shutdown. The opening and closing of the flow port 41 on the partition plate 4 can be adjusted online to control the number of heat exchange tubes participating in heat transfer, thereby adjusting the heat exchange area of ​​the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Compared to the method of sealing the tube openings one by one, the method of directly sealing the area in this application involves a simpler manufacturing and installation process for the blocking structure, better fault tolerance, and a more convenient and efficient adjustment process.

[0042] This application is equivalent to setting a partition plate 4 in a common shell-and-tube heat exchanger. It does not change the structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger itself, is easy to install, and does not affect the relevant data calculation model of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger itself. For example, the thickness of each component can still be designed and calculated by conventional methods.

[0043] This application sets up multiple control zones 52 to facilitate multi-stage adjustment of the heat exchange area as needed, thereby achieving relatively high accuracy.

[0044] It can be understood that "online control of the opening and closing of the flow port 41" refers to remotely adjusting the opening and closing state of the flow port through a corresponding structure connected to the control system. It can be understood that "opening and closing" here can include fully open and different degrees of opening, and is not limited to fully open and fully closed.

[0045] For example, see Figures 2-6 The flow port 41, which can be opened and closed online, is equipped with a louvered blade assembly 42 and a control lever 43. The control lever 43 can be rotated via the online control system, thereby controlling the blade assembly 42 to cover or expose the flow port 41. The control lever 43 can be keyed or pinned to the rotating shaft 431.

[0046] Furthermore, the blade assembly 42 may include a plurality of blades 421, along the length direction of the blades 421 ( Figure 2 At both ends (vertically), blades 421 are hinged to partition plates 4. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger also includes a control bar 44, at one end of the blade 421 in the width direction, to which the blade 421 is hinged. The axis of rotation of the blade 421 extends in its length direction. The control bar 44 is also hinged to a control rod 43, such that when the control rod 43 rotates, the control bar 44 causes the blade 421 to rotate, either obscuring or exposing the flow port 41. For example, Figure 5 This indicates that the flow port 41 is not blocked by the blade 421. Figure 6 represent Figure 5 After the control lever 43 is rotated 90° clockwise, the flow port 41 is blocked by the blade 421. Exemplarily, the control lever 43 can be driven to rotate by a motor or other power mechanism's rotation output component, and can be rotated online via a remote control system. Of course, the rotation of the control lever 43 can also be manually controlled; in this case, the control lever 43 or its connected components can extend outside the pipe housing.

[0047] Furthermore, the hinge point of the blade 421 hinged to the partition plate 4 can be located in the width direction of the blade 421 (e.g., Figure 2 At the center position (in the left-right direction), the blade 421 can pass through the flow port 41. Furthermore, the hinge point can be located at both ends of the blade 421 in the length direction, or at the middle and both ends of the blade 421 in the length direction.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the blades 421 corresponding to the two control areas 52 have the same width direction, and the control strips 44 hinged to the blades 421 corresponding to the two control areas 52 are simultaneously hinged to a control rod 43, so that a single control rod 43 can control the opening and closing of the flow ports 41 on the two control areas 52, thereby improving efficiency.

[0049] In another embodiment of this application, the control strip 44 hinged to the blades 421 on each partition plate 4 is individually hinged to the corresponding control rod 43, so that the heat exchange medium entering each control zone 52 can be individually controlled.

[0050] Furthermore, the total area of ​​the flow ports 41 on a single partition plate 4 is not less than the total area of ​​the pipe ports 21 within the corresponding control zone 52 separated by the partition plate 4. This ensures that when the flow ports 41 are open, the heat exchange tubes 2 within the control zone 52 can normally receive the heat exchange medium.

[0051] Of course, the opening and closing of the flow port 41 can also be achieved through other structures. For example, a revolving door or other remotely controllable structure can be installed on the flow port.

[0052] Further, see Figure 2 The partition plate 4 is provided with one or more pressure balancing channels 6, which connect the initial zone 51 and the control zone 52. The total area of ​​the flow port 41 is at least ten times the total cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balancing channel 6. This application only seals one end of the inlet of the heat exchange tube 2. When the flow port 41 on the partition plate 4 corresponding to the control zone 52 is closed, and the control zone 52 does not participate in heat transfer, the heat exchange tube 2 in the control zone 52 will form a dead zone, generating a pressure drop, which may damage the partition plate and the blade assembly 42, and impose higher pressure resistance requirements on the corresponding heat exchange tube 2 and other components in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The pressure balancing channels 6 provided in this application can be used to balance the pressure drop, avoiding additional requirements on the original shell-and-tube heat exchanger components.

[0053] In addition, although the heat exchange medium can enter the control zone 52 from the pressure balance channel 6 when the flow port 41 of the control zone 52 is closed, the total cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balance channel 6 is much smaller than the total area of ​​the flow port 41. For example, the total area of ​​the flow port 41 is at least ten times the total cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balance channel 6. Therefore, it can be approximately assumed that the control zone 52 does not participate in heat transfer in this state.

[0054] Further, see Figure 7 One or more speed-reducing baffles 61 are provided in the pressure balancing channel 6. The area of ​​a single speed-reducing baffle 61 on the cross-section of the pressure balancing channel 6 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balancing channel 6. The speed-reducing baffles 61 can prevent the high-velocity impact of the heat exchange medium, especially when adjusting the opening and closing state of the flow port 41, and play a certain protective role.

[0055] Furthermore, two or more deceleration baffles 61 can be provided. Taking two deceleration baffles 61 as an example, the gaps between the two deceleration baffles 61 and the pressure balance channel 6 can be offset circumferentially in order to enable multi-stage deceleration.

[0056] Furthermore, the partition plate 4 in this application can be connected to the tube sheet 1, the end cap 3, and the shell of the tube-and-tube heat exchanger (not shown) by welding. The cross-sectional area and number of the flow port 41 and the pressure balance hole 6 can be set by controlling the cross-sectional area and number of the pipe ports 21 in the control zone 52.

[0057] For example, the working process of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided in this application is as follows.

[0058] When it is necessary to adjust the heat exchange area, the online control lever 43 rotates, and the control lever 43 drives the control plate 44 and blades 421 to rotate to cover or expose the flow port 41, so as to control the control area 52 participating in heat transfer, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the heat exchange area.

[0059] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with an online adjustable heat exchange area, characterized in that, include: The pipe box housing includes a head (3) disposed at one axial end thereon, and the head (3) is provided with a liquid inlet; Tube sheet (1), which is disposed at one axial end of the tube box housing; Heat exchange tube (2), the heat exchange tube (2) extends axially along the tube box shell, and one end (21) of the heat exchange tube (2) extends out of the tube sheet (1) or into the tube sheet (1) from the center of the tube box shell to one end in the axial direction. Multiple partitions (4) are connected to the tube sheet (1) and the end cap (3) to divide the space between the end cap (3) and the tube sheet (1) into an initial zone (51) and at least two control zones (52). Each partition (4) is provided with a flow port (41) that can be opened and closed online, and the flow port (41) connects the initial zone (51) and the control zone (52). The liquid inlet corresponds to the initial zone (51). The heat exchange medium can enter the initial zone (51) from the liquid inlet and enter the heat exchange tube (2) corresponding to the initial zone (51). By controlling the opening and closing of the flow port (41) online, the heat exchange medium in the initial zone (51) can be controlled to enter the corresponding control zone (52) separated by the partition plate (4), thereby adjusting the heat exchange area of ​​the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The partition plate (4) is provided with one or more pressure balancing channels (6), which connect the initial area (51) and the control area (52). The total area of ​​the flow ports (41) on the partition plate (4) is at least ten times the total cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balancing channels (6) on the partition plate (4).

2. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow port (41) that can be opened and closed online is provided with a louver-type blade group (42) and a control rod (43). The control rod (43) can be rotated by the online control system, thereby controlling the blade group (42) to cover or expose the flow port (41).

3. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blade assembly (42) includes a plurality of blades (421), and at both ends of the blades (421) in the length direction, the blades (421) are hinged to the partition plate (4). The shell-and-tube heat exchanger also includes a control plate (44) at one end of the blade (421) in the width direction, the blade (421) being hinged to the control plate (44). The rotation axis of the blade (421) extends in the length direction, and the control bar (44) is also hinged to the control rod (43), so that when the control rod (43) rotates, the control bar (44) drives the blade (421) to rotate to cover or expose the flow port (41).

4. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hinge point of the blade (421) hinged to the partition plate (4) is located at the center of the blade (421) in the width direction, and the blade (421) passes through the flow port (41).

5. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 3, characterized in that, The blades (421) corresponding to the two control areas (52) have the same width direction, and the control strip (44) hinged to the blades (421) corresponding to the two control areas (52) is simultaneously hinged to a control rod (43), so that a single control rod (43) can control the opening and closing of the flow port (41) of the two control areas (52).

6. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control bar (44) hinged to the blade (421) on each partition (4) is individually hinged to the corresponding control rod (43), so that the heat exchange medium entering each control zone (52) can be individually controlled.

7. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total area of ​​the flow ports (41) on a single partition (4) is not less than the total area of ​​the pipe ports (21) in the corresponding control area (52) separated by the partition (4).

8. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 1, characterized in that, One or more deceleration baffles (61) are provided in the pressure balance channel (6), and the area of ​​a single deceleration baffle (61) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure balance channel (6) on the cross-section of the pressure balance channel (6).

9. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger with online adjustable heat exchange area according to claim 8, characterized in that, Two speed-reducing baffles (61) are provided in the pressure balance channel (6), and the gaps between the two speed-reducing baffles (61) and the pressure balance channel (6) are offset in the circumferential direction of the pressure balance channel (6).

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