Furnace component sampling method, testing device, and testing method

Abstract

Provided is a method for obtaining a random sample from a woven composite part, the method comprising forming a part preform using a weaving method, and simultaneously forming an enlarged area outside the periphery of the part preform; sampling the enlarged area to obtain a random sample. The method can be used to obtain a random sample from a woven composite part. Also provided are a testing device and a testing method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace manufacturing, and more specifically to the field of woven composite material manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] Since the performance and defects of composite material parts are closely related to the manufacturing process, in order to evaluate the molding quality of composite material parts and facilitate process monitoring, a sample part made of the same material and using the same process as the part, and cured in the same furnace, is generally used to evaluate the performance and molding quality. This sample part is called the furnace-assigned part.

[0003] For layup composite components, small test blocks are typically formed using the same process as the final product during the layup process. These test blocks are then molded together with the final product in the furnace to monitor its performance and molding quality. Woven composites, on the other hand, are formed by injecting resin into a pre-woven preform, and their molding process differs from that of layup composites. If a separate pre-woven flat plate is used, the weaving process and manufacturing process cannot be exactly the same as the final product. Therefore, it is not possible to form a small test block as a final product in the furnace, as is the case with layup composites. Furthermore, during the molding of woven blades, twisting and bending deformations occur, causing the performance and molding quality of the blades to be affected by changes in the curvature of the structural surface and compaction, resulting in a significant difference in performance compared to standard flat plate samples.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method applicable to the sampling of three-dimensional woven composite material parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a method for sampling components in a furnace, which enables sampling of components in woven composite materials.

[0006] One method for sampling components in a furnace to achieve the above objective is a method for obtaining samples of components in a furnace from a woven composite material component. The method includes: forming a component preform using a weaving method, and simultaneously forming an enlarged region in the outer extension area of ​​the periphery of the component preform; sampling in the enlarged region to obtain the component in the furnace.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, a cutting method is used for sampling.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, sampling is performed on a portion of the magnified area that is close to or the same as the mass of the component preform.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the woven composite material component is a woven blade, and samples are taken from an enlarged area near the blade tip along with the furnace components.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the radial distance of the magnified area near the blade tip is set to be not less than 50 mm.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a testing apparatus for testing furnace-fed components, the furnace-fed component comprising an upper inclined spanning surface and a lower inclined spanning surface, the apparatus comprising a pair of support rollers and a pressure roller. The pair of support rollers are used to support the lower inclined spanning surface; the pressure roller is located above the upper inclined spanning surface and is used to apply a load to the furnace-fed component; wherein the surfaces of the support rollers and the pressure roller are respectively aligned with the curvature of the lower inclined spanning surface and the upper inclined spanning surface, so that the roller surfaces of the pressure roller and the support rollers maintain line contact with the lower inclined spanning surface and the upper inclined spanning surface, respectively.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the pressure roller is located between the pair of support rollers, and the position of the pressure roller is offset from the centerline of the pair of support rollers.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the furnace-mounted component includes a testing section and a non-testing section, and the pair of pressure rollers are supported in the testing section area.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the spacing between the pair of support rollers is greater than five times the thickness between the upper and lower inclined spanning surfaces at the point where the pressure roller applies the load to the furnace component.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a testing method that uses the above-described testing apparatus to perform a three-point bending test on the furnace-mounted component.

[0016] The above-mentioned sampling method for furnace-fed components can directly obtain furnace-fed components by combining the magnified area processed by the woven composite material component. The method of obtaining furnace-fed components is simple, the quality of furnace-fed components is closer to that of real components, and the testing method has high testing accuracy. It can be used not only to evaluate the forming quality of furnace-fed components, but also to evaluate the performance of blades.

[0017] The aforementioned testing device can test furnace-mounted components with inclined spanning surfaces, avoiding excessive local stress between the roll surface and the spanning surface, and ensuring that the loading is a line contact. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a magnified schematic diagram of a woven composite blade.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a magnified schematic diagram of the sampling location of the blade tip along with the furnace components.

[0021] Figure 3AThis is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the furnace-mounted components.

[0022] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the furnace-mounted components.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the testing apparatus.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along line AA.

[0025] Symbol marking explanation

[0026] 1. Enlarged area

[0027] 1a Enlarged leaf tip

[0028] 1b Magnified trailing edge

[0029] 1c Enlarge the root

[0030] 1d magnified leading edge

[0031] 2. Precast components

[0032] 2a Leaf tip

[0033] 2b trailing edge

[0034] 2c Root

[0035] 2D leading edge

[0036] 3a First magnified region

[0037] 3b Second magnified region

[0038] 3c Third magnified area

[0039] 3D Fourth Magnification Area

[0040] 41 First leaf tip

[0041] 42 Second leaf tip

[0042] 43 Third leaf tip

[0043] 411 Part 1

[0044] 412 Part Two

[0045] 421 First Part

[0046] 422 Part Two

[0047] 411a First Division

[0048] 411b Second Division

[0049] 412a Third Division

[0050] 412b Fourth Division

[0051] 100 Furnace-Mounted Components

[0052] 101 Upward tilted span

[0053] 102 Downsloping spanwise surface

[0054] 511a pressure roller

[0055] 511b First Roller

[0056] 511c Second Roller Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. More details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can obviously be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions and derivations based on actual application situations without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited by the content of this specific embodiment.

[0058] It should be noted that these and other accompanying drawings are merely examples and are not drawn to scale, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] A method for sampling components in a furnace is disclosed, which involves obtaining samples from woven composite material parts. The following description uses a woven composite blade as an example; however, those skilled in the art will understand that this method can also be applied to other parts formed using woven methods.

[0060] The sampling method includes the following steps: forming the component preform 2 using a weaving method, and simultaneously forming an enlarged area 1 in the outer extension area of ​​the periphery of the component preform 2; sampling in the enlarged area 1 to obtain the furnace-fed component.

[0061] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the woven blade includes a pre-formed component 2 and an enlarged region 1. The pre-formed component 2 is the blade of the actual required size. The enlarged region 1 is formed simultaneously on the outer perimeter of the pre-formed component 2, and the closer it is to the pre-formed component 2, the closer its material properties are to those of the pre-formed component 2. The pre-formed component 2 of the woven blade includes a blade tip 2a, a trailing edge 2b, a root 2c, and a leading edge 2d. Correspondingly, the enlarged region 1 also has a perimeter, namely, an enlarged blade tip 1a, an enlarged trailing edge 1b, an enlarged root 1c, and an enlarged leading edge 1d.

[0062] A first magnified region 3a is formed between the magnified blade tip 1a and blade tip 2a; a second magnified region 3b is formed between the magnified trailing edge 1b and trailing edge 2b; a third magnified region 3c is formed between the magnified root 1c and 2c; and a fourth magnified region 3d is formed between the leading edge 2d and the magnified leading edge 1d. Due to molding quality issues, the magnified region piece 1 will be machined to remove material after molding.

[0063] In one embodiment, samples are taken from the magnified region near the blade tip of the furnace component. Specifically, the furnace component is sampled from the first magnified region 3a, which has a small curvature change, moderate thickness, and is relatively easy to test. The magnified leading edge 1d and magnified trailing edge 1b have large curvature changes and are relatively thin, while the magnified root region 1c is too thick, making it difficult to sample the furnace component.

[0064] To facilitate sampling, the radial distance of the magnified area near the blade tip is set to be no less than 50mm, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the radial distance of the first magnified region 3a is set to be no less than 50mm. Here, radial refers to the radial direction along the blade, that is... Figure 1 The up and down directions are shown.

[0065] In one embodiment, a cutting method is used for sampling, that is, the furnace-mounted component is cut off directly at the first magnified area 3a using a tool.

[0066] In one embodiment, a sample is taken from a location within the magnified area 1 that has a mass close to or the same as that of the component preform 2. Since the molding quality of different parts of the same component varies due to different positions and temperatures during molding, selecting a location within the magnified area 1 that has a mass close to or the same as that of the component preform 2 allows for a more accurate characterization of the blade molding quality of the sampled furnace-fed component.

[0067] As Figure 2 Taking the first magnified region 3a as an example, the first magnified region 3a includes a first blade tip portion 41, a second blade tip portion 42, and a third blade tip portion 43. The third blade tip portion 43 is located in the middle, while the first blade tip portion 41 and the second blade tip portion 42 are located at different radial positions. The third blade tip portion 43 is used to provide positioning points when processing the second magnified region 3b, the third magnified region 3c, and the fourth magnified region 3d. The first blade tip portion 41 and the second blade tip portion 42 are further divided into left and right parts with the third blade tip portion 43 as the center. The first blade tip portion 41 is divided into a first lower part 411 and a second lower part 412, and the second blade tip portion 42 is divided into a first upper part 421 and a second upper part 422.

[0068] The first lower part 411 and the second lower part 412 of the first blade tip portion 41 near the blade tip 2a have a molding quality close to that of the blade itself, and are preferably selected as the parts to be used as furnace-fed components so that the performance of the tested furnace-fed components can effectively characterize the quality of the blade molding. The height of the removed furnace-fed component should meet the length requirement of one unit cell of the woven composite material. A unit cell refers to the smallest repeating structural unit in the fabric texture, and the fabric structure can be replicated by in-plane translation of the fabric unit cell. It should be noted that surface damage should be avoided when cutting the furnace-fed component from the first lower part 411 and the second lower part 412. The furnace-fed component 100 cut from the first lower part 411 and the second lower part 412 is shown in the figure. Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown.

[0069] Figure 3A The first lower portion 411 shown includes a first segment 411a with poor molding quality and a second segment 411b with the same molding quality as the blade. Similarly, Figure 3B The second lower portion 412 shown includes a third portion 412a with poorer forming quality and a fourth portion 412b with the same forming quality as the blade. In order to ensure that the performance of the furnace-fed part is representative of the forming quality of the blade, the second portion 411b and the fourth portion 412b are selected areas of the furnace-fed part 100.

[0070] The above method allows for the easy acquisition of furnace-fed parts from woven composite components, offering strong operability and feasibility. Since the furnace-fed parts are formed together with the woven components, their quality closely approximates the actual molding environment, resulting in high accuracy of the test results. These results can be used not only to evaluate the molding quality of the furnace-fed parts but also to evaluate the performance of the woven components, and the obtained data can be directly used for verification in simulation analysis.

[0071] This disclosure also relates to a testing apparatus for testing furnace-fed components. The furnace-fed component 100 obtained by the above-described furnace-fed component sampling method includes an upper inclined spanwise surface 101 and a lower inclined spanwise surface 102. Because the furnace-fed component 100 has the shape characteristics of a blade, it is a test piece with variable thickness and curvature, and its performance cannot be directly obtained using traditional tensile tests or tools. Since the blade tip bends under bird strike, based on this stress characteristic, a three-point bending test method is designed for the furnace-fed component to obtain the bending performance of the woven composite blade.

[0072] The testing apparatus includes a pair of support rollers and a pressure roller 511a. Here, they are referred to as the first support roller 511b and the second support roller 511c. The pair of support rollers 511b and 511c support the lower inclined spanning surface 102; the pressure roller 511a is located above the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and applies a load to the furnace-carrying component 100. The surfaces of the support rollers 511b and 511c and the pressure roller 511a are respectively aligned with the curvature of the lower inclined spanning surface 102 and the upper inclined spanning surface 101, so that the roller surfaces of the pressure roller 511a and the support rollers 511b and 511c maintain line contact with the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and the lower inclined spanning surface 102 of the furnace-carrying component.

[0073] In one embodiment, the furnace-mounted component 100 includes a testing section and a non-testing section, the testing section being a portion with a mass relatively close to that of the component preform. A first support roller 511b and a second support roller 511c are supported in the testing section region. Figure 3A and Figure 4 The first section 411a shown is a non-test section, and the second section 411b is a test section with a mass relatively close to that of the component preform. The first support roller 511b and the second support roller 511c are supported in the area where the second section 411b is located. Figure 3B In this section, compared to the third section 412a, the fourth section 412b is a testing section that is closer to the quality of the component preform.

[0074] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the first support roller 511b and the second support roller 511c bear the lower inclined spanning surface 102, while the pressure roller 511a applies a load to the upward inclined spanning surface 101, which is then transferred to the entire furnace-mounted component 100 to complete the three-point bending test. The three-point bending test involves placing a rectangular or circular specimen on a bending device, adjusting the span, and applying a load to the specimen to perform a bending test until a specified degree of bending is reached or fracture occurs, thus performing a tensile test.

[0075] Because the upper inclined spanwise surface 101 and the lower inclined spanwise surface 102 of the furnace-mounted component 100 are inclined and have varying surface curvature, the support rollers and pressure rollers cannot use standard three-point bending fixtures. Otherwise, the contact between the pressure rollers and support rollers and the furnace-mounted component 100 would be point contact, leading to increased local stress in the test piece. To prevent local failure of the furnace-mounted component 100 due to excessive local stress, the aforementioned testing device provides specialized pressure rollers, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the surfaces of the support rollers 511b, 511c and the pressure roller 511a have the same curvature as the lower inclined spanning surface 102 and the upper inclined spanning surface 101, ensuring that the loading is in line contact, avoiding stress concentration, and effectively realizing the test of bending performance.

[0076] For example, if the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and the lower inclined spanning surface 102 are inclined planes, then the axes of the support rollers 511b, 511c and the pressure roller 511a remain parallel to the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and the lower inclined spanning surface 102, thereby achieving line contact.

[0077] In one embodiment, the position of the pressure roller 511a needs to be designed reasonably. Preferably, the pressure roller 511a is located between the pair of support rollers, and the position of the pressure roller 511a is offset from the center line of the pair of support rollers. Since the thicknesses on both sides of the test piece are inconsistent, the above design can ensure that the stress state of the test piece at 511b and 511c is more similar, avoiding the problem of excessive stress on one side causing premature failure of the test piece.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, the pressure roller 511a is located between the first support roller 511b and the second support roller 511c. The distance between the first support roller 511b and the second support roller 511c is L. The distance L1 between the pressure roller 511a and the first support roller 511b should be greater than the distance L2 between the pressure roller 511a and the second support roller 511c.

[0079] Because the thickness of the furnace-fed component 100 is uneven, to ensure the reliability of the test results, the thickness of the test piece between the pressure roller 511a and the first support roller 511b is greater than the thickness of the test piece between the pressure roller 511a and the second support roller 511c. Here, thickness refers to the distance between the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and the lower inclined spanning surface 102, that is... Figure 4 The up and down directions are shown in the diagram.

[0080] In one embodiment, the spacing between a pair of support rollers is greater than five times the thickness between the upper inclined spanning surface 101 and the lower inclined spanning surface 102 where the pressure roller 511a applies a load to the furnace component.

[0081] During the test, to ensure the test results, the distance L between the two support rollers 511b and 511c should be at least five times the thickness t of the test piece corresponding to the pressure roller 511a, but should not exceed the length of the test section, i.e., the second section 411b. Specifically, the distance L1 between the pressure roller 511a and the support roller 511b should be greater than the distance L2 between the pressure roller 511a and the support roller 511c. When determining this distance, it must be ensured that when the pressure roller 511a is loaded, the deformation of the test piece between 511a and 511c is essentially the same as the deformation of the test piece between the pressure rollers 511a and 511b. The values ​​of L1 and L2 can be determined through finite element analysis.

[0082] The aforementioned testing device can avoid the problem of excessive local stress during the testing of furnace-loaded parts, achieve line contact, and can better complete the three-point bending test on inclined or curved surfaces.

[0083] Based on the above description of the testing device, a testing method can also be understood: using the above testing device to perform a three-point bending test on the furnace-mounted component, so as to effectively test the tensile properties of the blade through the furnace-mounted component.

[0084] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components in the above description is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning, do not represent primary or secondary, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0085] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0086] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the invention, fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing apparatus for testing furnace-fed components, the furnace-fed component comprising an upper inclined spanning surface and a lower inclined spanning surface, the upper inclined spanning surface and the lower inclined spanning surface being inclined and having surface curvature, characterized in that, The device includes: A pair of support rollers are used to support the downwardly inclined spanning surface; The pressure roller, located above the upper inclined spanwise surface, is used to apply a load to the furnace-accompanying component; The surfaces of the support roller and the pressure roller are respectively aligned with the curvature of the lower inclined spanning surface and the upper inclined spanning surface, so that the roller surfaces of the pressure roller and the support roller maintain line contact with the lower inclined spanning surface and the upper inclined spanning surface, respectively.

2. The testing apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure roller is located between the pair of support rollers, and the position of the pressure roller is offset from the center line of the pair of support rollers.

3. The testing apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace-mounted component includes a testing section and a non-testing section, and the pair of support rollers are supported in the testing section area.

4. The testing apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the pair of support rollers is greater than five times the thickness between the upper and lower inclined spanning surfaces at the point where the pressure roller applies the load to the furnace component.

5. A testing method, characterized in that, A three-point bending test was performed on the furnace-fed component using the testing apparatus described in any one of claims 1-4. The furnace-fed component was sampled using the following sampling method: The component preform is formed using a weaving method, and at the same time, an enlarged area is formed on the outer edge of the component preform's contour. Samples are taken from the enlarged area to obtain the furnace-fed component.

6. The test method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A cutting method was used for sampling.

7. The test method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Within the magnified area, samples are taken from locations with a mass close to or the same as that of the component preform.

8. The test method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The component preform is a woven blade, and samples are taken from a magnified area near the blade tip along with the furnace components.

9. The test method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Set the radial distance of the magnified area near the blade tip to be no less than 50mm.

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