A method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of explosive energy utilization efficiency in tunnel blasting excavation

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel blasting excavation explosive energy utilization efficiency real-time monitoring and evaluation method, and relates to the field of blasting monitoring technology, comprising: arranging the position of an infrared thermal imager and the vibration sensor of a blasting vibration detector; reading the movement image of the broken block of the excavation section, the temperature distribution of the excavation section and the vibration speed of the surrounding rock monitored by the blasting vibration detector to obtain the movement speed of the broken block of the excavation section; calculating the kinetic energy of the broken block thrown by each section of the blast hole, the heat energy released by the explosive explosion, the seismic wave energy and the explosive explosion energy; calculating the utilization efficiency of the explosive explosion energy converted into the rock breaking energy during the blasting of each section of the blast hole; judging whether the blasting parameters of the designed tunnel are reasonable, and if not, positioning the part where the blasting parameter design is unreasonable. The application avoids the hazards of falling rocks and toxic gases on site, is safer and easier to operate, and accurately positions the part where the explosive energy utilization rate is low and the blasting parameter design is unreasonable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Infrastructure construction such as water conservancy and transportation, as well as mineral resource extraction, all require extensive tunnel excavation. Drilling and blasting is the primary method for tunnel rock mass excavation due to its strong adaptability to geological conditions, low cost, and high excavation efficiency. During tunnel rock mass blasting excavation, part of the energy released by the explosive is used for rock breaking (this energy is called rock breaking energy), part is used to throw the broken rock fragments (this energy is called the kinetic energy of the fragments), part propagates into the surrounding rock in the form of seismic waves (this energy is called seismic wave energy), causing vibrations in the surrounding rock, and the remaining energy is released as heat. For tunnel blasting excavation, only the energy used for rock breaking is useful energy; the ratio of rock breaking energy to explosive energy is called the explosive energy utilization efficiency. The level of explosive energy utilization efficiency directly affects the cost of tunnel blasting excavation and the safety and stability of the surrounding rock, and is an important evaluation indicator of the effectiveness of tunnel blasting excavation.

[0003] Currently, the evaluation of explosive energy utilization efficiency in tunnel blasting mainly involves collecting rock fragments or photographing images of the blast pile after blasting to obtain the fragment size distribution, and then calculating the rock fragmentation energy using relevant empirical formulas. However, this method is extremely dangerous and time-consuming when collecting rock fragments or photographing the blast pile, because the rock mass near the tunnel excavation section may loosen after blasting, and the toxic gases released by the explosive explosion are difficult to completely dissipate in a short time. Furthermore, for millisecond-delay blasting excavation of tunnels, the rock fragments thrown from different blast holes are mixed together, making it difficult to trace the unreasonable blasting design parameters of the excavation section, resulting in a lack of guidance for optimizing blasting parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation. It solves the problems of the inability to quickly and accurately locate the location of unreasonable blasting parameter design in blasting monitoring, which leads to blindness in guiding the optimization of blasting parameters and the extremely dangerous, time-consuming and labor-intensive operation process.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Arrange the locations for the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors for the blasting vibration meter.

[0007] S2: Based on the installation location of the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter, perform benchmark calibration on the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter, and set the shooting parameters;

[0008] S3: Simultaneously with rock blasting, read the fragment movement image of the excavation section monitored by the infrared thermal imager, the temperature distribution of the excavation section, and the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock monitored by the blasting vibration meter;

[0009] S4: Obtain the movement speed of the fragments at the excavation section by using the image of the fragment movement at the excavation section monitored by the infrared thermal imager;

[0010] S5: Calculate the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the excavation section based on the movement speed of the fragments.

[0011] Calculate the heat energy released by the explosives during the blasting of each section of the excavation cross-section based on the temperature distribution of the excavation cross-section.

[0012] The seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the blast hole is calculated based on the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock.

[0013] S6: Calculate the explosive energy of the explosive charge when blasting each section of the borehole;

[0014] S7: Based on the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the thermal energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the explosive energy of the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, calculate the utilization efficiency of the explosive energy of the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole into the energy of rock fragmentation.

[0015] S8: Based on the utilization efficiency of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, determine whether the designed blasting parameters of the tunnel are reasonable. If the blasting parameters are not reasonable, locate the parts where the blasting parameters are not reasonable based on the explosive energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the thermal energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole.

[0016] Preferably, step S1: determining the location of the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter based on the blasting parameters and blasting zone environment of the tunnel, includes:

[0017] The infrared thermal imager faces the excavation face and is connected to the ground of the tunnel via a tripod. The horizontal distance between the infrared thermal imager and the explosion center should be greater than the maximum throwing distance of the rock fragments. The vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter are placed on the tunnel wall.

[0018] Preferably, the distance from the vibration sensor of the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter to the blasting zone remains the same in each blast.

[0019] Preferably, step S4: obtaining the movement velocity of the fragments at the excavation section from the fragment movement image monitored by the infrared thermal imager, includes:

[0020] The motion image of the excavated section fragments was decomposed into time t using digital image processing software. i The corresponding single-frame image is generated, and the position of the fragment in the single-frame image is marked. The movement speed of the fragment in the excavation section is obtained by dividing the movement distance of the fragment in the single-frame image at adjacent time points by the time interval Δt between adjacent time points.

[0021] Preferably, in the digital image processing software, the position of the fragments is marked according to the time and area range corresponding to each blast hole, and then the displacement of the fragments is statistically summed.

[0022] Preferably, in step S5, the formula for calculating the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, E K m is the kinetic energy of the debris ejected during the blasting of each section of the borehole. i v is the mass of the fragment. i The velocity of the fragments;

[0025] The formula for calculating the heat energy released by the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0026] Q T =mcΔT

[0027] In the formula, QT is the heat energy released by the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole, m is the mass of the rock mass, c is the specific heat capacity of the rock mass, and ΔT is the temperature change of the rock mass.

[0028] The formula for calculating the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, ES represents the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole. λ' and μ' are Lamé constants, r is the distance from the vibration sensor of the blasting vibration meter to the borehole, and ρ is the distance from the vibration sensor of the blasting vibration meter to the borehole. m Let ρ be the density of the rock mass, and v be the velocity of the particle.

[0031] Preferably, the formula for calculating the explosive energy of each section of the borehole during blasting in step S6 is as follows:

[0032] E0 = m e Q

[0033] In the formula, E0 is the explosive energy of the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole, me is the mass of the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and Q is the explosive heat.

[0034] Preferably, in step S7, calculating the utilization efficiency of converting the explosive energy of the blast hole into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole includes:

[0035] Calculate the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each borehole segment:

[0036] E1 = E0 - E K -Q T -E S

[0037] In the formula, E1 is the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each section of the borehole;

[0038] Calculate the efficiency of converting the explosive energy into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each borehole segment:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, P1 is the efficiency of converting the explosive energy of the blast hole into the energy of rock fragmentation during the blasting of each section of the borehole.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of explosive energy utilization efficiency in tunnel blasting excavation. Using an infrared thermal imager and a blasting vibration meter, the kinetic energy, thermal energy, and seismic wave energy of rock fragments are monitored in real time on a background computer. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the relative magnitude of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy (explosive energy utilization efficiency) during the blasting of each borehole is obtained. The greater the kinetic energy, thermal energy, and seismic wave energy of the fragments, the smaller the rock fragmentation energy, the lower the explosive energy utilization efficiency, and the more unreasonable the blasting parameter design; conversely, the blasting parameter design is reasonable. This method avoids the hazards of falling rocks and toxic gases on-site, making it safer and easier to operate. It can accurately locate areas with low explosive energy utilization and unreasonable blasting parameter design, thereby quickly and accurately guiding the optimization of blasting parameter design, providing a new approach for rapidly and accurately guiding the optimization of blasting design parameters and ensuring safe blasting production. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation as described in this invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation points of the infrared thermal imager and the layout of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter in this invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of the excavation section in this invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock in this invention.

[0047] In the attached diagram, 1-infrared thermal imager; 2-tripper; 3-excavation face; 4-blast hole; 5-tunnel ground; 6-MS3 blast hole; 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4# are vibration sensors 1 to 4 of the blasting vibration meter; MS1 to MS15 are blast holes 1 to 8, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1: Arrange the locations for the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors for the blasting vibration meter.

[0051] Based on the blasting parameters and blasting zone environment of the tunnel designed by millisecond delay blasting, the location of the infrared thermal imager and the layout of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter were determined, and the straight-line distance (average distance) from the layout of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter to the blast hole was measured.

[0052] The infrared thermal imager faces the excavation face and is connected to the tunnel surface via a tripod. The horizontal distance between the infrared thermal imager's mounting position and the explosion center should be greater than the maximum throwing distance of the rock fragments. Figure 2 As shown, the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter are placed on the tunnel wall. The vibration sensors are connected to the left sidewall of the tunnel via adhesive, approximately 1 meter above the ground, but maintaining a sufficiently large horizontal distance from the blasting zone. Figure 2 As shown.

[0053] S2: Based on the installation location of the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter, perform benchmark verification on the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter, and set the shooting parameters; before the instruments start running, adjust and calibrate the distance and angle to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results;

[0054] Furthermore, the distance from the vibration sensor of the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter to the blast zone remains the same in each blast.

[0055] S3: Simultaneously with rock blasting, the system reads images of fragment movement at the excavation section monitored by the infrared thermal imager, the temperature distribution of the excavation section, and the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock monitored by the blasting vibration meter; both the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter are wirelessly connected to the system computer, and the temperature distribution of the excavation section is as follows: Figure 3 As shown (taking the temperature distribution of the borehole in section MS3 as an example), the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0056] S4: Obtain the movement speed of the fragments at the excavation section by using the image of the fragment movement at the excavation section monitored by the infrared thermal imager;

[0057] Furthermore, the motion image of the excavated section fragments is decomposed into time-varying parameters using digital image processing software. i The corresponding single-frame image is generated, and the position of the fragment in the single-frame image is marked. The movement speed of the fragment in the excavation section is obtained by dividing the movement distance of the fragment in the single-frame image at adjacent time points by the time interval Δt between adjacent time points.

[0058] The digital image processing software used is MATLAB. The moving images of the fragments require image processing, signal processing, and motion tracking operations within MATLAB. In the digital image processing software, the positions of the fragments are marked according to the time and region corresponding to each borehole segment, and then the displacements of the fragments are statistically summed.

[0059] S5: Calculate the relative magnitude of the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the excavation section based on the movement velocity of the fragments.

[0060] The relative magnitude of the thermal energy released by the explosives during the blasting of each section of the excavation cross-section is calculated based on the temperature distribution of the excavation cross-section.

[0061] The relative magnitude of seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the blast hole is calculated based on the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock.

[0062] Furthermore, in step S5, the formula for calculating the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, E K Let be the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, mi be the mass of the fragment, and vi be the velocity of the fragment.

[0065] The formula for calculating the heat energy released by the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0066] Q T =mcΔT

[0067] In the formula, QT is the heat energy released by the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole, m is the mass of the rock mass, c is the specific heat capacity of the rock mass, and ΔT is the temperature change of the rock mass.

[0068] The formula for calculating the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, ES represents the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole. λ' and μ' are Lamé constants, r is the distance from the vibration sensor of the blasting vibration meter to the borehole, and ρ is the distance from the vibration sensor of the blasting vibration meter to the borehole. m Let ρ be the density of the rock mass, and v be the velocity of the particle.

[0071] S6: Calculate the relative magnitude of the explosive energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole;

[0072] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the explosive energy of the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole in step S6 is as follows:

[0073] E0 = m e Q

[0074] In the formula, E0 is the explosive energy of the explosive during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and m e Let Q be the mass of explosives used in each borehole blasting, and let Q be the explosive heat.

[0075] S7: Based on the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the thermal energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the explosive energy of the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, calculate the efficiency of converting the explosive energy of the explosive explosion into rock mass explosive energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole.

[0076] Further, in step S7, the utilization efficiency of converting the explosive energy of the blast hole into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole includes:

[0077] Calculate the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each borehole segment:

[0078] E1 = E0 - E K -Q T -E S

[0079] In the formula, E1 is the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each section of the borehole;

[0080] Calculate the efficiency of converting the explosive energy into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each borehole segment:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, P1 is the efficiency of converting the explosive energy of the blast hole into the energy of rock fragmentation during the blasting of each section of the borehole.

[0083] In this invention, the energy of breakage is the effective energy, while kinetic energy, thermal energy, and seismic wave energy are ineffective energy.

[0084] S8: Based on the utilization efficiency of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, determine whether the blasting parameters of the tunnel are reasonable. If the blasting parameters are not reasonable, locate the part where the blasting parameters are not reasonable based on the explosive energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the heat energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole.

[0085] This invention accurately locates areas with low explosive energy utilization and unreasonable blasting parameter design, thereby quickly and precisely guiding the optimization of blasting parameter design. The invention marks these blast hole sections with low explosive energy utilization and unreasonable blasting parameter design in the background computer, providing precise guidance for the next blasting parameter design.

[0086] This invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of explosive energy utilization efficiency in tunnel blasting excavation. Using an infrared thermal imager and a blasting vibration meter, the kinetic energy, thermal energy, and seismic wave energy of rock fragments are monitored in real-time on a back-end computer. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the relative magnitude of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy (explosive energy utilization efficiency) during the blasting of each borehole is obtained. Higher fragment kinetic energy, thermal energy, and seismic wave energy correspond to lower rock fragmentation energy, lower explosive energy utilization efficiency, and more unreasonable blasting parameter design; conversely, lower energy indicates a more reasonable blasting parameter design. This method avoids the hazards of falling rocks and toxic gases on-site, making it safer and easier to operate. It can accurately locate areas with low explosive energy utilization and unreasonable blasting parameter design, thus quickly and accurately guiding the optimization of blasting parameter design. This provides a new approach for rapidly and accurately guiding the optimization of blasting design parameters and ensuring safe blasting production.

[0087] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the energy utilization efficiency of explosives in tunnel blasting excavation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Arrange the locations for the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors for the blasting vibration meter. The infrared thermal imager faces the excavation face and is connected to the ground of the tunnel via a tripod. The horizontal distance between the infrared thermal imager and the explosion center should be greater than the maximum throwing distance of the rock fragments. The vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter are placed on the tunnel wall. S2: Based on the installation location of the infrared thermal imager and the placement of the vibration sensors of the blasting vibration meter, perform benchmark calibration on the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter, and set the shooting parameters; S3: Simultaneously with rock blasting, the infrared thermal imager monitors the movement of debris at the excavation section, the temperature distribution at the excavation section, and the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock monitored by the blasting vibration meter; both the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter are wirelessly connected to the back-end computer. S4: Obtain the movement velocity of the debris at the excavation section from the image of the debris movement monitored by the infrared thermal imager, specifically including: The motion image of the excavated section fragments was decomposed into time-series data using digital image processing software. The corresponding single-frame image is used, and then the position of the fragment in the single-frame image is marked. The movement distance of the fragment in the single-frame image at adjacent time points is divided by the time interval between adjacent time points. The movement velocity of the fragments in the excavation section is obtained; the position of the fragments is marked in the digital image processing software according to the time and area range corresponding to each blast hole, and then the displacement of the fragment movement is statistically summed. S5: Calculate the kinetic energy of the debris thrown during the blasting of each section of the excavation cross-section based on the debris movement velocity. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, The kinetic energy of the debris thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole. For the mass of the fragments, The velocity of the fragments; Based on the temperature distribution of the excavated cross section, the thermal energy released by the explosives during the blasting of each section of the borehole is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, The heat energy released by the explosives during the blasting of each section of the borehole. For rock mass quality, The specific heat capacity of the rock mass. This represents the temperature change of the rock mass. The seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the blast hole is calculated based on the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, The energy of the seismic waves generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole. , and Let Lamé constant be . This refers to the distance from the vibration sensor of the blasting vibration meter to the blast hole. For the density of the rock mass, It is the velocity of the particle. ; S6: Calculate the explosive energy of the explosive charge during the blasting of each section of the borehole. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, The explosive energy of the blasting charge during the blasting of each section of the borehole. For the quality of explosives used in the blasting of each section of the borehole, The explosive is heated to a high temperature; S7: Based on the kinetic energy of the debris thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the thermal energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the explosive energy of the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, calculate the utilization efficiency of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, including: Calculate the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each borehole segment: ； In the formula, This refers to the energy used for rock fragmentation during the blasting of each section of the borehole; Calculate the efficiency of converting the explosive energy into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each borehole segment: ； In the formula, The efficiency of converting the explosive energy of each blast hole into rock fragmentation energy during blasting. S8: Based on the utilization efficiency of the explosive energy converted into rock fragmentation energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, determine whether the designed blasting parameters of the tunnel are reasonable. If the blasting parameters are unreasonable, locate the unreasonable parts of the blasting parameters based on the explosive energy during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the kinetic energy of the fragments thrown during the blasting of each section of the borehole, the heat energy released by the explosive explosion during the blasting of each section of the borehole, and the seismic wave energy generated during the blasting of each section of the borehole. Provide guidance for the design of the next blasting parameters and avoid the hazards of falling rocks and toxic gases on site.

2. The method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of explosive energy utilization efficiency in tunnel blasting excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the vibration sensor of the infrared thermal imager and the blasting vibration meter to the blasting zone remains the same in each blast.

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