Fluidized bed or vortex layer reactor for the treatment of oxidized concentrates, in particular iron ore, and method for manufacturing a fluidized bed reactor
By improving the bottom design of the fluidized bed reactor distributor and utilizing a combination of covered and contact sections, the problems of temperature instability and uneven gas distribution in the treatment of oxidized concentrate were solved, thus achieving the stability and reliability of the fluidized bed.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PRIMETALS TECH AUSTRIA GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2022-03-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing fluidized bed reactors suffer from temperature instability and high heat load when processing oxidized concentrates, leading to damage to the bottom of the distributor and uneven distribution of reaction gases.
The bottom of the distributor is designed, including a first distributor plate and a second distributor plate. The second distributor plate is provided with a covering section and a contact section. The covering section covers the first through hole to form a chamber structure, which ensures that the reaction gas is evenly distributed and prevents spillage or blockage when the gas supply is interrupted.
It achieves uniform distribution of reactant gases in the fluidized bed, reduces temperature fluctuations, prevents damage to the bottom of the distributor, and prevents concentrate deposition and blockage when gas is interrupted, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the fluidized bed.
Smart Images
Figure CN117015434B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor and a method for manufacturing a fluidized bed reactor. Background Technology
[0002] A gas phase distributor plate for a gas phase polymerization apparatus is known from DE 69 531 374 T2.
[0003] An apparatus and method for spraying particles with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate at a predetermined concentration in a solvent mixture consisting of dichloromethane and ethanol are known from EP 0 544 289 A2.
[0004] A method for directly reducing oxidized iron carrier particles to reduction products in a fluidized bed reactor is known from WO 2020 / 187672 A1. Through the reaction of reactant gases with the concentrate during concentrate processing, a temperature between 500°C and 900°C is achieved in the fluidized bed. Because the fluidized bed forms directly above the bottom of the distributor, and the hydrogen flowing in during hydrogen reduction is at a higher temperature than the fluidized bed, the bottom of the distributor is also heated to a temperature between 500°C and 900°C and subjected to a high thermal load. This results in a high temperature load on the fluidized bed reactor. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The objective of this invention is to provide an improved, temperature-stable fluidized bed reactor for processing oxidized concentrates, particularly iron ore, and an improved method for manufacturing the fluidized bed reactor.
[0006] This task is accomplished by means of a fluidized bed reactor and a method for manufacturing the fluidized bed reactor. The invention also relates to other advantageous embodiments.
[0007] It has been recognized that an improved fluidized bed reactor for processing oxidized concentrates, particularly iron ore, can be provided by comprising a distributor bottom, a distributor space, and a reactor with a reactor space. The distributor bottom spatially separates the reactor space from the distributor space. The distributor bottom has a first distributor plate and a second distributor plate arranged on the first distributor plate. The first distributor plate is arranged on the side facing the distributor space, and the second distributor plate is arranged on the side facing the reactor space. The first distributor plate has a first arrangement structure consisting of a first through-hole extending from the distributor space toward the reactor space in a first direction. The second distributor plate has abutting sections formed in a plate shape and extending parallel to the first distributor plate. Furthermore, the second distributor plate has a second arrangement structure consisting of a plurality of covering sections. The abutting sections abut against the first distributor plate while being separated from the first arrangement structure of the first through-hole. Preferably, the abutting sections are connected to the first distributor plate, preferably welded. The second arrangement's covering sections are arranged spaced apart from the assigned first through-holes in a first direction and cover the assigned first through-holes toward the reactor space. The second distributor plate has a second through-hole on each of the covering sections, the second through-holes being inclined relative to the first direction in a second direction and offset relative to the first through-holes. Through the first and second through-holes, the reactant gas for processing the concentrate and for constructing a fluidized bed from the concentrate and reactant gas can be introduced into the reactor. The first distributor plate is fluid-tightly connected to the reactor on its circumferential side, such that the reactant gas can flow into the reactor space only through the first and second through-holes.
[0008] The advantage of this design is that it provides a particularly good and uniform fluidized bed for processing the concentrate with reactant gases. Here, the processing can include reduction and / or oxidation of the concentrate with reactant gases. Furthermore, this design has the advantage that, when the fluidized bed reactor is shut down and / or when the supply of reactant gases is interrupted, spillage or blockage of the first through-hole, or outflow into the distributor space below it, is prevented by covering the first through-hole with separately allocated covering sections.
[0009] Furthermore, the second distributor plate can be manufactured particularly easily and cost-effectively. In particular, it eliminates the need to individually position and secure each cover plate to the first distributor plate. Through the arrangement of numerous covered sections within the second distributor plate, only one positioning step is required during the installation of the fluidized bed reactor to orient the second distributor plate relative to the first distributor plate.
[0010] In another embodiment, the covering sections are directly adjacent to the abutment sections. Preferably, the covering sections are surrounded by the abutment sections on the circumferential side. This design ensures a good and stable thermal connection between the respective covering sections and abutment sections, thereby preventing stress cracking in the second distributor plate.
[0011] In another embodiment, the abutting section mechanically connects the staggered covering sections of the second arrangement structure to each other. The abutting section is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate. Preferably, the second distributor plate is integrally formed and made of a uniform material, wherein the second arrangement structure consisting of the covering sections is preferably imprinted into the second distributor plate. This design has the advantage that the second distributor plate is particularly easy and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the second distributor plate is thus particularly robust thermally and mechanically.
[0012] In another embodiment, the first distributor plate and the cover section each define a chamber. The chamber extends in a second direction parallel to the first distributor plate between the first through-hole and the second through-hole. The advantage of this chamber is that the reactant gas flowing through the first through-hole is diverted. Furthermore, the flow velocity of the reactant gas is reduced relative to the flow velocity in the first through-hole, thereby avoiding locally excessively high flow rates, also known as jets, in the fluidized bed.
[0013] In another embodiment, the chamber has a chamber cross-sectional area, the first through-hole has a first cross-sectional area, and the second through-hole has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area, and wherein the chamber cross-sectional area is larger than the second cross-sectional area. This design has the advantage that pressure fluctuations in the reactant gas can be reduced by the large chamber cross-sectional area and the larger chamber size. As the reactant gas flows out of the chamber through the second through-hole, the flow velocity relative to the flow velocity of the reactant gas within the chamber is again increased. This results in a particularly stable and uniform fluidized bed forming in the reactor space. Furthermore, it ensures that the reactant gas flows into the reactor space at a lower flow velocity than in the first through-hole and is uniformly distributed across the cross-section of the reactor space.
[0014] In another embodiment, the chamber has a length l in the second direction between the first through-hole and the second through-hole. The second through-hole has a height h in the first direction. The height of the second through-hole is less than the chamber length l. Preferably, the ratio of the chamber length l to the height h is 1 to 20 (inclusive), preferably 5 (inclusive) to 15 (inclusive). This design has the advantage that, in the event of an interruption in the delivery of the reactant gas to the distributor space or when the supply of the reactant gas is cut off, the concentrate can be deposited without problems on the upper side of the covered section. The concentrate forms a pile cone with a pile angle in the chamber, but the pile cone does not extend all the way to the first through-hole. This avoids clogging of the first through-hole or the concentrate flowing out into the distributor space below it. Furthermore, when the fluidized bed reactor is restarted, the concentrate squeezed into the chamber by the reactant gas can be easily blown out of the chamber.
[0015] In another embodiment, the second distributor plate preferably substantially completely covers the first upper side surface of the first distributor plate in a first direction, at least in the region of the first arrangement.
[0016] In another embodiment, the distributor has at least one first region and a second region at its bottom, wherein in the first region, the second through-holes of the second arrangement structure have the same first orientation. In the second region, the second through-holes of the second arrangement structure have a second orientation different from the first orientation. This design has the advantage that the different orientations allow for targeted delivery flows for transporting concentrates in a fluidized bed.
[0017] In another embodiment, the fluidized bed reactor has an inlet and an outlet leading into the reactor space. The inlet and outlet are arranged opposite each other (along the longitudinal direction). Concentrate can be fed into the reactor space through the inlet. Reaction products from the reaction of the concentrate with the reactant gas can be discharged from the reactor space through the outlet. A first region is arranged between the inlet and outlet. In the first region, second through-holes are respectively arranged on the side of the covered section facing the outlet. Thus, during the residence time in the reactor space, the concentrate is transported from the inlet towards the outlet by the reactant gas.
[0018] In another embodiment, the second region is arranged between the inlet and the first region. The second through-hole in the second region is arranged on the side opposite to the inlet and on the side facing the bottom of the distributor, such that the concentrate can be distributed from the inlet towards the side by means of the outflowing reactive gas. This avoids localized accumulation of the concentrate in the fluidized bed and allows for uniform utilization of the entire cross-section of the fluidized bed.
[0019] In another embodiment, the distributor has a third region at its bottom, which is disposed between the first region and the outlet. In this third region, the second through-holes each have a third orientation different from the first orientation, wherein the second through-holes are respectively arranged on the side of the covered section facing the outlet and on the side facing away from the bottom of the distributor, such that the concentrate and / or reaction products from the reaction of the concentrate with the reactant gas can be conveyed / collected from the side towards the outlet by means of the outflowing reactant gas. This allows for particularly easy conveying of the reaction products and / or concentrate residues from the reactor space via the outlet.
[0020] In another embodiment, the bottom of the distributor includes at least one edge region, wherein the edge region is arranged between the first region and the outlet and laterally adjacent to the side of the bottom of the distributor, wherein the second through-hole is arranged in the edge region on the side of the covered section facing the outlet and on the side facing the bottom of the distributor, respectively, such that the concentrate and / or reaction products from the reaction of the concentrate with the reactant gas can be conveyed towards the outlet by means of the outflowing reactant gas. This design has the advantage of particularly good fluidization of the edge region of the fluidized bed and thereby minimizing unfavorable edge effects on the fluidization characteristics of the concentrate and / or reaction products.
[0021] In another embodiment, the second through-hole is formed in a slotted shape, wherein the second through-hole has a substantially constant height in a first direction. This design has the advantage of preventing concentrate particles from accumulating in the second through-hole.
[0022] In another embodiment, the first distributor plate and the abutment section are sealed around the first through hole on the circumferential side of the straight line. Particularly advantageously, the abutment sections are preferably material-locked to the first distributor plate, preferably welded, on the circumferential side surrounding the first through hole. This prevents reactive gas from overflowing from one chamber into the next chamber between the first and second distributor plates.
[0023] In another embodiment, the covering section has a first portion region and a second portion region, wherein the first portion region is arranged to extend parallel to the first distributor plate. The first portion region at least sectionally covers the first through-hole. The second portion region is arranged at an angle relative to the first portion region and connects the first portion region to the abutment section. This design has the advantage that the second distributor plate is constructed in a mechanically low-stress manner, thereby reliably preventing undesirable thermal deformation of the second distributor plate during fluidized bed reactor startup and when the temperature in the fluidized bed reactor consequently rises to 750 to 950°C.
[0024] Of particular advantage is that the second arrangement structure, consisting of the covering sections, is imprinted into the second dispenser plate. This ensures that the covering sections are substantially identical to each other, and that the bottom of the dispenser can be manufactured at a particularly low cost.
[0025] Particularly advantageously, in the method for manufacturing a fluidized bed reactor, a first distributor plate with a first arrangement having a first through-hole is provided. A second arrangement of the covering sections is imprinted into a plate-shaped material, and the second through-hole is cut, preferably stamped, into the material. The second distributor plate is arranged on the first distributor plate such that each of the first through-holes is covered by one of the allocated covering sections. The abutment sections are mechanically connected to the first distributor plate. Attached Figure Description
[0026] The invention will now be explained in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings. Here:
[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor according to the first embodiment is shown;
[0028] Figure 2 It shows in Figure 1 The dispenser shown in the image has a bottom, in Figure 1 The marked portion A in the text;
[0029] Figure 3 It shows in Figure 2 The sectional view shown in Figure 2 The marked portion B in the text;
[0030] Figure 4 A perspective view of the bottom of the dispenser is shown at an angle toward the second dispenser plate.
[0031] Figure 5 A schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor according to the second embodiment is shown; and
[0032] Figure 6 A schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor according to a third embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0033] In the following figures, a coordinate system is referenced for ease of understanding. The coordinate system is exemplarily constructed as a right-handed coordinate system and has an x-axis (vertical direction), a y-axis (horizontal direction), and a z-axis (height direction).
[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a first embodiment is shown.
[0035] The fluidized bed reactor 10 can be part of a reactor assembly consisting of multiple fluidized bed reactors 10. The fluidized bed reactor 10 exemplarily includes a reactor 15, a distributor bottom 20, and a distributor space 25. The reactor 15 has a reactor space 30. Furthermore, the fluidized bed reactor 10 has an inlet 35, an outlet 40, a reaction gas inlet 45 leading to the distributor space, and a reaction gas outlet 50 from the reactor space. The distributor bottom 20 spatially separates the distributor space 25 from the reactor space 30. Figure 1 The distributor space 25 described herein is exemplarily arranged below the reactor space 30.
[0036] The inlet 35 and outlet 40 open into the reactor space 30 and are arranged laterally on the reactor 15. The inlet 35 is located on one side of the reactor 15. The outlet 40 can be arranged opposite the inlet 35 in the x-direction. Here, the outlet 40 is exemplarily arranged closer to the distributor bottom 20 in the z-direction than the inlet 35. The reaction gas outlet 50 is arranged above the inlet 35 in the z-direction. The distributor bottom 20 can be oriented slightly inclined relative to the xy-plane such that the distributor bottom 20 is arranged slightly higher below the inlet 35 than at the outlet 40.
[0037] During operation of the fluidized bed reactor 10, oxidized concentrate 55, particularly iron ore, can be conveyed into the reactor space 30 through inlet 35. The concentrate 55 preferably contains iron-carrying particles 70 with a mass percentage of at least 90%, and these iron-carrying particles have a particle size of less than or equal to 200 μm, preferably less than or equal to 110 μm. 30 The iron carrier particles 70 can be oxidized and, for example, have Fe2O3.
[0038] The reaction product 75 of the processed concentrate 55 can be conveyed from the reactor space 30 through the outlet 40. The reaction gas outlet 50 can be arranged on the upper side of the reactor space 30 and enter the reactor space 30. The reaction gas inlet 45 is exemplarily arranged on the lower side of the fluidized bed reactor 10 and enters the distributor space 25.
[0039] During operation of the fluidized bed reactor 10, the concentrate 55 is preferably continuously fed into the reactor space 30 via the inlet 35. Furthermore, reactant gas 60 is continuously guided into the distributor space 25, for example, via the reactant gas inlet 45. The distributor space 25 is fluidly connected to the reactor space 30 via a distributor bottom 20. Exemplarily, the reactor space 30 is arranged above the distributor bottom 20 and the distributor space 25 is arranged below the distributor bottom 20. Here, the distributor bottom 20 can be arranged in the xy plane.
[0040] The reactant gas 60 is introduced into the distributor space 25 via the reactant gas inlet 45, preferably under pressure. The reactant gas 60 is distributed in the distributor space 25 through the distributor bottom 20 and enters the reactor space 30 via the distributor bottom 20. This flow direction is due to the pressure difference of the reactant gas 60 between the reactant gas inlet 45 and the reactant gas outlet 50.
[0041] The reactant gas 60 is thus guided into the reactor space 30 through the distributor bottom 20, thereby forming a fluidized bed 65 above the distributor bottom 20, consisting of concentrate 55 and reactant gas 60. The fluidized bed 65 can also be referred to as a vortex layer. In the fluidized bed 65, the concentrate 55 is placed in a fluidized state by the upward-flowing reactant gas 60.
[0042] The fluidized bed 65 extends in the z-direction between the lower edge of the distributor bottom 20 and the outlet 40. In the x and / or y-direction, the fluidized bed 65 extends substantially over the entire extension dimension of the distributor bottom 20.
[0043] The reactant gas 60 can be configured as a reducing gas. Thus, for example, the reactant gas 60 can have hydrogen H2 and is particularly composed of technically pure hydrogen H2 or a mixture of hydrogen H2 and one or more other gases.
[0044] In the fluidized bed 65, the reaction gas 60 reacts with the concentrate 55 to generate reaction product 75. For example, the hydrogen gas H2 reduces the oxidized iron particle support 70.
[0045] The reaction product 75 can be, for example, sponge iron with a metallization of over 90%. For instance, the reaction product 75 has a higher metallization than the concentrate 55 fed through inlet 35. The metallization here refers to the mass percentage of metallic iron in the reaction product 75 to the total amount of iron present. It should be noted that the metallization of the reaction product 75 can vary depending on the process requirements in the fluidized bed reactor 10.
[0046] In the processing of concentrate 55, the reaction of reactant gas 60 with concentrate 55 in the fluidized bed 65 results in a temperature between 500°C and 900°C. Since the fluidized bed 65 is formed directly above the distributor bottom 20, the distributor bottom 20 is also heated to a temperature between 500°C and 900°C.
[0047] Furthermore, in the fluidized bed 65, the concentrate 55, its iron particle carrier 70, and the reaction product 75 are conveyed from the inlet 35 to the outlet 40, where the reaction product 75 of the concentrate 55 and the reaction gas 60 is removed from the reactor space 30.
[0048] Due to the pressure difference between the reactant gas inlet 45 and the reactant gas outlet 50, the consumed reactant gas 80 is discharged from the reactor space 30 through the reactant gas outlet 50. The consumed reactant gas 80 can, for example, contain water vapor.
[0049] Figure 2 It shows in Figure 1 The dispenser bottom 20 shown in the image has Figure 1 The marked portion A in the text.
[0050] The distributor bottom 20 has a first distributor plate 85 and a second distributor plate 90. The first distributor plate 85 is disposed below the second distributor plate 90. Here, the first distributor plate 85 is disposed on the side facing the distributor space 25. The first distributor plate 85 is plate-shaped and extends substantially in the xy plane.
[0051] The first distributor plate 85 has a first lower side 105 and a first upper side 110, wherein the first upper side 110 is arranged on the side facing the reactor space 30. The first lower side 105 is adjacent to the distributor space 25. The first distributor plate 85 has a first material thickness d1.
[0052] The first distributor plate 85 has a first arrangement structure 95 of first through holes 100. In this embodiment, a plurality of first through holes 100 are introduced into the first distributor plate 85. The first through holes 100 are exemplaryly configured to be identical to each other, such that the explanation given below for one of the first through holes 100 also applies to the other first through holes 100. Of course, the first through holes 100 can also be configured differently from each other.
[0053] The first through-hole 100 extends from the first lower side 105, i.e., from the distributor space 25, along a straight line 115 in a first direction toward the first upper side 110 and thus toward the reactor space 30. This straight line is oriented substantially parallel to the z-axis normal to the first distributor plate 85. The first through-hole 100 can, for example, have a circular cross-section. The first cross-sectional area of the first through-hole 100 can, for example, be 0.5 mm². 2 Up to 3mm 2 .
[0054] The second distributor plate 90 is disposed on the first upper side 110. The second distributor plate 90 has a second arrangement structure 120 with a covering section 125 and an abutment section 130.
[0055] Figure 3 It shows in Figure 2 The sectional view shown in Figure 2 The marked cutoff portion B.
[0056] The second distributor plate 90 is integrally and uniformly constructed of a material, such as a thin-walled material, particularly a sheet material. "Thin-walled" here refers to a second material thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm. The second distributor plate 90 has a second lower side 135 and a second upper side 140. The second lower side 135 is arranged on the side facing the first distributor plate 85 and the distributor space 25. The second upper side 140 is adjacent to the reactor space 30 and defines the reactor space 30 on its lower side. The second distributor plate 90 substantially completely covers the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85 in the z-direction. Thus, the second distributor plate 90 is mechanically supported by the first distributor plate 85.
[0057] The abutment section 130 is plate-shaped and extends in the xy plane. Thus, the abutment section 130 extends parallel to the first distributor plate 85. The abutment section 130 abuts against the first upper side surface 110 of the first distributor plate 85 with its second lower side surface 135 in a planar manner. Here, "planar abutment" preferably means that the second lower side surface 135 of the abutment section 130 contacts the first upper side surface 110 of the first distributor plate 85 with at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of its area.
[0058] Preferably, the abutment section 130 is connected to the first distributor plate 85 by means of a material-locking connection 145, such as a welded connection 150. This design ensures that the second distributor plate 90 is prevented from detaching from or lifting off the first distributor plate 85, even when the second distributor plate 90 is subjected to a heat load.
[0059] The abutment section 130 is arranged offset from the first through-hole 100 in the x and / or y directions. This prevents the first through-hole 100 from being closed on the first upper side surface 110 by the abutment section 130. The abutment section 130 has a second material thickness d2, which is significantly less than the first material thickness d1 of the first distributor plate 85. In particular, the second material thickness is from 0.5 mm (inclusive) to 4 mm (inclusive). It is particularly advantageous that the first material thickness d1 is greater than the second material thickness of the second distributor plate 90.
[0060] As explained above, the second arrangement 120 has a plurality of covering sections 125. The covering sections 125 are arranged spaced apart from each other in the x and / or y directions. The covering sections 125 extend beyond the abutment section 130 in the z direction. Here, preferably a first number of first through holes 100 correspond to a second number of covering sections 125.
[0061] The covering sections 125 are mechanically connected to the abutment sections 130. Thus, the covering sections 125 are mechanically connected to each other via the abutment sections 130. This eliminates the need for a direct mechanical connection between the covering sections 125 and the first distributor plate 85.
[0062] The following is an exemplary explanation in Figure 3 The shielding section 125 is shown in the figure. The following explanation also applies to the other shielding sections 125 of the second arrangement structure 120.
[0063] The covering section 125 is embossed into the second distributor plate 90 and arranged in the z-direction spaced apart from the first upper side surface 110 of the first distributor plate 85 such that the first through-hole is open on the first upper side surface 110. Here, in the z-direction, the covering section 125 is arranged to coincide with the first through-hole 100. Here, "coincidence in the z-direction" means that in the projection of the two components, such as the covering section 125 and the first through-hole 100, or, for example, the second distributor plate 90 and the first distributor plate, in the z-direction, which can also be referred to as the first direction, onto the projection plane, the components, in Figure 3In this configuration, the covering section 125 and the through-hole 100 coincide in the projection plane, which extends, for example, perpendicular to the z-direction / first direction and is configured as an xy-plane. Thus, the covering section 125 covers the first through-hole 100 toward the reactor space 30 and protects the first through-hole relative to the fluidized bed 65.
[0064] The covering section 125 has a first portion region 155 and a second portion region 160. The first portion region 155 extends substantially parallel to the first upper side surface 110 and is offset relative to the first upper side surface 110 in the z-direction. Here, the first portion region 155 can be formed in a plate-like shape. In a top view, the first portion region 155 can be formed circularly in the x and y directions.
[0065] The first portion region 155 is mechanically connected to the abutment section 130 via the second portion region 160. The second portion region 160 is able to partially protrude beyond the first through-hole 100 and extends obliquely relative to the first portion region 155 and the abutment section 130.
[0066] The covering section 125, together with the first upper side surface 110 of the first distributor plate 85, defines a chamber 165. The chamber 165 extends substantially in the x and y directions along its main extension direction. The height h of the chamber 165 is... K It is significantly smaller than the extended dimensions of the chamber 165 in the x and / or y directions. Furthermore, the height h of the chamber 165 is... K For example, it is constant within the range of chamber length l.
[0067] The first through-hole 100 extends into the chamber 165 on the first upper side 110. A second through-hole 170 is introduced in the second distributor plate 90 in the z-direction between the abutment section 130 and the first partial region 155. The second through-hole 170 is slotted and has a substantially constant height h in the z-direction. The height h can be, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm. Here, the second through-hole 170 is configured such that its second cross-sectional area is significantly larger than the first cross-sectional area of the first through-hole 100. The chamber 165 fluidly connects the first through-hole 100 and the second through-hole 170.
[0068] The second through-hole 170 is capable of extending substantially within an angular segmentation range of, for example, 70° to 120° in the xy-plane. Here, the second through-hole extends, exemplarily, on a circular trajectory having a center point offset relative to the straight line 115. The second cross-sectional area here forms the hole surface of the second through-hole and is mathematically the product of the angular segmentation (in radians), the hole height h, and the arc length of the second through-hole on the circular trajectory in the xy-plane. Here, the second through-hole 170 is cut or punched into the second distributor plate 90 such that the free end of the first portion region 155 adjacent to the second through-hole 170 is arranged to coincide in the z-direction with the cut surface 172 of the abutment section 130.
[0069] The chamber 165 has a substantially cylindrical basic shape. The chamber 165 has a chamber cross-sectional area (in the xy plane) that is significantly larger than the first cross-sectional area and / or the second cross-sectional area. In the x-direction and / or in the y-direction, the chamber 165 has a chamber length l between the second through-hole 170 and the first through-hole 100. The chamber length l is significantly greater than the height h of the second through-hole 170. Particularly advantageously, the ratio of the chamber length l to the height h is from 1 (inclusive) to 20 (inclusive).
[0070] Figure 4 A perspective view of the bottom 20 of the dispenser is shown at an angle toward the second dispenser plate 90.
[0071] The covering sections 125 of the second arrangement structure 120 are exemplarily arranged in a plurality of rows 175 staggered from each other in the x-direction. In each row 175, the covering sections 125 are spaced apart from each other in the y-direction. Here, the abutment sections 130 extend between the covering sections 125. Preferably, the first orientation of the second through-hole 170 on each covering section 125 is the same.
[0072] In this embodiment, the material-locking connection 145 is formed by a plurality of intersecting welds 180, 185. Each of the welds 180, 185 is exemplary, linear, and continuous. Each pair of parallel first welds 180 intersects with each of the two parallel second welds 185, forming a rhombus 190, through which the covering section 125 is surrounded circumferentially. Each of the welds 180, 185 is made such that the weld flame of the welds 180, 185 penetrates all the way into the first distributor plate 85. The welds 180, 185 are guided substantially uninterruptedly so that the chamber 165 is fluid-tightly sealed circumferentially by the material-locking connection 145 at the abutment section 130.
[0073] The following uses Figures 1 to 4 The operation of the bottom 20 of the dispenser is explained below. (As already stated...) Figure 1 As explained within the range, the reactive gas 60 is guided into the reactor space 30 via the bottom of the distributor 20.
[0074] Here, the reactant gas 60 is substantially parallel to line 115 in the first direction (see...). Figure 3 and 4 The gas 60 flows through the first through-hole 100. Due to the small first cross-sectional area, the reactant gas 60 in the first through-hole 100 has a relatively high first velocity v1.
[0075] The reactant gas 60 flowing through the first through-hole 100 enters the correspondingly assigned chamber 165. Due to the large volume design of the chamber 165, the reactant gas 60 decelerates sharply and flows in the chamber 165 at a second velocity v2. The second velocity v2 is significantly less than the first velocity v1. Furthermore, the covering section 125 deflects the reactant gas 60 in a second direction by approximately 90° relative to the straight line 115, causing the reactant gas 60 in the chamber 165 to flow substantially along the x-direction and / or y-direction (see...). Figure 3 ).
[0076] The reactant gas 60 is discharged from the chamber 165 through the second through-hole 170. Here, the reactant gas 60 flows through the second through-hole 170 at a third velocity v3, which is significantly less than the first velocity v1. The third velocity v3 can be greater than the second velocity v2 in the chamber 165.
[0077] The reactive gas 60, due to the pressure difference between the distributor space 25 and the reactive gas outlet 50, is turned substantially in the z-direction by the second distributor plate 90 after passing through the second through hole 170 and forms a fluidized bed 65 above the second distributor plate 90 together with the concentrate 55.
[0078] This guidance of the reactant gas 60 has the following advantages: by flowing out of the reactant gas 60 in a planar manner within the angular segmentation range of the second through-hole 170 at a low third velocity v3, excessively high local velocities of the reactant gas 60 are avoided. This prevents localized gas channels in the fluidized bed 65 and enables the reactant gas to be distributed as uniformly as possible across the entire cross-section of the fluidized bed reactor. Furthermore, pressure pulsations of the reactant gas 60 in the first through-hole 100 are attenuated by the large-volume design of the chamber 165. This results in a particularly stable fluidized bed 65 with the concentrate 55.
[0079] The chamber 165 is sealed circumferentially by the welds 180 and 185, thereby preventing the reactant gas 60 from transferring from chamber 165 to other chambers 165. This ensures a reliable and uniform volumetric flow of the reactant gas 60 through all chambers 165 of the distributor bottom 20. This further stabilizes the fluidized bed 65 in the reactor space 30 and prevents localized defluidization.
[0080] If the fluidized bed reactor 10 is shut down or the gas supply 60 is interrupted, the fluidized bed 65 collapses. Therefore, a layer 230 consisting of concentrate 55 and / or reaction products 75 is formed on the second upper surface 140 (the layer 230 is indicated by dashed lines). Figure 2 (As shown in the figure). Although a small portion of the concentrate 55 and / or reaction product 75 may be squeezed into the chamber 165 via the second through-hole 170 and form a distribution cone in each chamber 165, the second through-hole 170 is arranged so far apart from the first through-hole 100 in the x and / or y directions by the chamber length l that the concentrate 55 and / or reaction product 75 will not reach the first through-hole 100.
[0081] Upon restarting, the concentrate 55 and / or the reaction product 75 that have been squeezed into the chamber 165 can be blown out of the chamber 165 by means of the reaction gas 60, since the fluid connection of the chamber 165 to the distributor space 25 via the first through hole 100 is ensured.
[0082] To manufacture the distributor bottom 20, a plate-shaped first blank is provided in a first method step. The plate-shaped first blank is cut and the first through hole 100 for constructing the first arrangement structure 95 is introduced into the first blank. This can be achieved, for example, by laser cutting or by drilling the first through hole 100 in the first blank.
[0083] In the second method step, a plate-shaped sheet is provided. The second arrangement structure 120, consisting of the covering sections 125, is imprinted into the sheet, and the second through-hole 170 is cut into the sheet. This can be done, for example, in a stamping and bending step, which is preferably performed in a single processing step, thereby imprinting the covering sections 125 substantially simultaneously. It is also possible to simultaneously imprint only a portion of many covering sections 125 in the stamping and bending step. In the abutment sections, the sheet remains substantially undeformed, thus maintaining the plate-like structure of the abutment sections 130. Furthermore, the second through-hole is cut simultaneously. The cutting of the through-hole is preferably performed simultaneously with the imprinting of the covering sections 125.
[0084] In the third method step, the second distributor plate 90 is positioned on the first upper side 110 with the second lower side 135 such that the first through hole 100 is not covered by the abutment section 130 and the first through hole 100 is arranged opposite the covering section 125 in the z direction. Thus, the first through hole 100 is covered by the assigned covering sections 125 and forms a chamber 165. Through the integrated and uniform material design of the second distributor plate 90, the first arrangement structure in the third method step, which aligns all covering sections 125 with the first through hole 100, significantly reduces the time required for aligning the covering sections 125.
[0085] In the fourth method step, a material-locking connection 145 is constructed to connect the abutment section 130 to the first distributor plate 85. Here, the first distributor plate 85 and the second distributor plate 90 are welded together by means of welds 180 and 185, for example, using a laser welding method. Furthermore, this provides a fluid-tight seal to the chamber 165 along the circumferential direction. The welds 180 and 185 are preferably continuous. This allows the distributor bottom 20 to be manufactured particularly easily in fewer method steps.
[0086] Figure 5 A schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a second embodiment is shown.
[0087] Figure 5 The fluidized bed reactor 10 in the middle is basically the same as Figures 1 to 4 The fluidized bed reactor 10 described herein is constructed in the same manner. The following discussion focuses solely on... Figure 5 The fluidized bed reactor 10 shown is relative to the fluidized bed reactor 10 in Figures 1 to 4 The difference shown is between the fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the first embodiment.
[0088] The distributor bottom 20 has a first region 200 and at least one second region 205. Additionally, the distributor bottom 20 may have a third region 210. The distributor bottom 20 extends substantially in the x-direction along its main extension direction. Here, the x-direction exemplarily corresponds to the conveying direction of concentrate 55 between the loading inlet 35 and the unloading outlet 40. The distributor bottom 20 is laterally defined in the y-direction by side edges 215, 220.
[0089] The first region 200 is arranged in the x-direction between the loading inlet 35 and the unloading outlet 40. The second through-hole 170 is schematically shown as a partially annular segment. Figure 5 The second through hole 170 is outlined in the diagram to show its arrangement. However, ideally, the second through hole 170 should not be visible in the top view.
[0090] In the first region 200, the second through-hole 170 has the same first orientation. Preferably, the first orientation of the second through-hole 170 is selected such that the second through-hole 170 is arranged on the side of the covered section 125 opposite to the inlet 35. Furthermore, the second through-hole 170 in the first region 200 is oriented such that the volumetric flow of the reactant gas 60 is oriented substantially parallel to the x-axis toward the outlet 40.
[0091] In the second region 205, which is arranged in the x-direction between the first region 200 and the loading inlet 35, the second through-hole 170 has a second orientation. This second orientation is, for example, different from the first orientation of the second through-hole 170 in the first region 200. The second through-holes 170 in the second region 205 can, for example, be oriented differently from each other. For example, the second orientation of the second through-hole 170 in the second region 205 is chosen such that the second through-hole 170 is arranged on the side of the covering section 125 opposite to the loading inlet 35. Furthermore, the second through-holes 170 in the second region 205 are oriented opposite to each other towards the nearest sides 215 and 220, respectively.
[0092] In the third region 210, the second through-hole 170 has a third orientation. This third orientation is exemplarily different from the first and / or second orientation. Here, in the third region 210, the second through-hole 170 is arranged on the side of the covered section 125 facing the outlet 40.
[0093] In the third region 210, the second through-hole 170 is arranged on the side away from the loading inlet 35, but also on the side of the covering section 125 away from the nearest sides 215 and 220, respectively. The second through-hole 170 is here arranged on the side of the covering section 125 facing the dispensing outlet 40.
[0094] In the Figure 5In the operation of the fluidized bed reactor 10 shown, the concentrate 55 is fed into the reactor space 30 through the inlet 35. Here, the concentrate 55 is first fed into the second region 205. The second orientation of the second through-hole 170 toward the sides 215, 220 and toward the outlet 40 results in the concentrate 55 in the fluidized bed 65 being conveyed away from the outlet 40 in the y-direction by the reaction gas 60 flowing out in the second region 205 and distributed across the entire width of the distributor bottom 20. This allows for a particularly large mass flow of the concentrate 55 to be delivered into the reactor space 30. Here, the reaction gas 60 flows out from the second through-hole 170 at an angle relative to the x and y axes and distributes the concentrate 55 across the entire width of the distributor bottom 20 in the y-direction, and the concentrate 55 is conveyed into the first region 200.
[0095] Distributed across the entire width, the concentrate 55 is first processed in the first region 200 and processed into reaction product 75 using reaction gas 60. Here, the concentrate 55 and reaction product 75 are continued to be transported in the x-direction from the inlet 35 towards the outlet 40. Here, the reaction gas 60 flows out substantially in the x-direction from the second through-hole 170 in the first region 200 and transports either the concentrate 55 or the reaction product 75 towards the outlet 40.
[0096] Upon reaching the third region 210, the concentrate 55 or reaction product 75 is gathered and conveyed inward from the sides 215, 220 toward the outlet 40 through the third orientation of the second through-hole 170. This allows the reaction product 75 to be effectively removed from the reactor space 30 through the outlet 40 without the need for additional mechanical aids to convey the reaction product 75 toward the outlet.
[0097] Figure 6 A schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a third embodiment is shown.
[0098] Figure 6 The fluidized bed reactor 10 and in Figure 5 The fluidized bed reactor 10 described herein is essentially the same in construction. The following discussion focuses only on... Figure 6 The fluidized bed reactor 10 shown is in Figure 5 The difference shown is between the fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the second embodiment.
[0099] The Figure 6The dispenser bottom 20 additionally has a first edge region 235 and preferably a second edge region 240. In this embodiment, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are provided exemplary. At least one of the two edge regions 235 and 240 can also be omitted. In the x-direction, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are exemplaryly arranged between the loading inlet 35 and the third region 210. In the y-direction, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are arranged offset relative to the loading inlet 35. Here, the first edge region 235 is adjacent to the first side 215 in the lateral direction. The first edge region 235 is adjacent to the first region 200 on its inner side and preferably to the second region 205. Furthermore, the second edge region 240 is adjacent to the second side 220 in the lateral direction and is arranged opposite the first edge region 235 in the lateral direction. The second edge region 240 is adjacent to the first region 200 on its inner side and preferably to the second region 205.
[0100] In the first edge region 235, the second through-hole 170 is angled outwards towards the first side 215 and away from the first region 200. Furthermore, the second through-hole 170 is arranged longitudinally on the side of the covered section 125 facing the third region 210. For example, the orientation of the second through-hole 170 is chosen such that the reactant gas 60 flows at a first acute angle α towards the first side 215 and in the x-direction towards the third region 210. The angle α can be from 30° to 60°.
[0101] In the second edge region 240, the second through-hole 170 is angled outwards towards the second side 220 and thus away from the first region 200. Furthermore, the second through-hole 170 is arranged longitudinally on the side of the covered section 125 facing the third region 210 and the second side 220. For example, the orientation of the second through-hole 170 is chosen such that the reactant gas 60 flows at a second acute angle β towards the second side 220 and in the x-direction towards the third region 210. The second angle β can be the same as and / or between 30° and 60° as the first angle α.
[0102] The advantage of this design is that it better fluidizes the edge regions of the fluidized bed 65 and thus minimizes the negative edge effects on the fluidization characteristics of the concentrate 55 and / or reaction products 75.
[0103] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:
[0104] 10 Fluidized bed reactor
[0105] 15 Reactors
[0106] 20 Distributor bottom
[0107] 25 Distributor Space
[0108] 30 Reactor Space
[0109] 35 pieces for entry
[0110] 40. Take out the exit.
[0111] 45. Reaction gas inlet
[0112] 50 Reaction gas outlet
[0113] 55 Concentrate
[0114] 60 Reaction Gas
[0115] 65 Fluidized Bed
[0116] 70 Iron particle carrier
[0117] 75. Reaction Products
[0118] 80% of the reactant gases consumed
[0119] 85 First Distributor Board
[0120] 90 Second Distributor Board
[0121] 95 First arrangement structure
[0122] 100 First through hole
[0123] 105 First lower side
[0124] 110 First upper side
[0125] 115 straight line
[0126] 120 Second Arrangement Structure
[0127] 125 Covered Section
[0128] 130 Stop Section
[0129] 135 Second lower side
[0130] 140 Second upper side
[0131] 145 Material locking connection
[0132] 150 Welded Connection
[0133] 155 Part One Area
[0134] 160 Part Two Area
[0135] 165 chambers
[0136] 170 Second Through Hole
[0137] 171 Free end
[0138] 172 cut facets
[0139] Line 175
[0140] 180 First weld
[0141] 185 Second Weld
[0142] 190 Rhombus
[0143] 200 First District
[0144] 205 Second Zone
[0145] 210 Third District
[0146] 215 First side
[0147] 220 Second side
[0148] 230th floor
[0149] 235 First Edge Region
[0150] 240 Second edge region.
Claims
1. A fluidized bed reactor (10) for processing oxidized concentrate (55). -The fluidized bed reactor (10) therein has a distributor bottom (20), a distributor space (25) and a reactor (15) with a reactor space (30). - wherein the bottom (20) of the dispenser spatially separates the reactor space (30) from the dispenser space (25), -The bottom (20) of the dispenser has a first dispenser plate (85) and a second dispenser plate (90) arranged on the first dispenser plate (85). - wherein the first distributor plate (85) is arranged on the side facing the distributor space (25), and the second distributor plate (90) is arranged on the side facing the reactor space (30). -The first distributor plate (85) wherein the first distributor plate (85) has a first arrangement structure (95) consisting of a first through hole (100) extending from the distributor space (25) toward the reactor space (30) in a first direction (z). -The second distributor plate (90) has an abutment section (130) that extends in a plate-like manner and parallel to the first distributor plate (85). -The second distributor plate (90) therein also has a second arrangement structure (120) consisting of a plurality of covering sections (125). -The abutting section (130) abuts against the first distributor plate (85) while being separated from the first arrangement structure (95) of the first through hole (100). -The covering sections (125) of the second arrangement structure (120) are arranged spaced apart from the assigned first through holes (100) in the first direction (z) and cover the assigned first through holes (100) toward the reactor space (30). -The second distributor plate (90) has a second through hole (170) on each of the covered sections (125) that is inclined relative to a straight line (115) oriented parallel to the first direction (z) and normal to the first distributor plate (85) in the second direction (x, y) and is offset from the first through hole (100). - wherein the reactive gas (60) can be introduced from the distributor space (25) into the reactor space (30) via the first through hole (100) and the second through hole (170), the reactive gas being used to process the concentrate (55) and to construct a fluidized bed (65) from the concentrate (55) and the reactive gas (60). - wherein the first dispenser plate (85) and the covering section (125) respectively define the chamber (165). - wherein the chamber (165) extends in the second direction (x, y) parallel to the first distributor plate (85) between the first through hole (100) and the second through hole (170). - wherein the chamber (165) has a chamber cross-sectional area, the first through hole (100) has a first cross-sectional area, and the second through hole (170) has a second cross-sectional area. - wherein the area of the second cross-section is greater than the area of the first cross-section. - wherein the cross-sectional area of the chamber is greater than the second cross-sectional area.
2. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1. -The abutting section (130) mechanically connects the staggered covering sections (125) of the second arrangement structure (120) to each other. - wherein the abutment section (130) is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate (85).
3. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. -The fluidized bed reactor (10) is used to process iron ore.
4. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 2. -The second distributor plate (90) is integrally constructed and made of uniform material.
5. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 2. The second arrangement structure (120) consisting of the covering section (125) is imprinted into the second distributor plate (90). 。 6. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. - wherein the chamber (165) has a chamber length (l) in the second direction (x, y) between the first through hole (100) and the second through hole (170). -The second through hole (170) has a hole height (h) in the first direction (z). -The height (h) of the second through hole (170) is less than the length (l) of the chamber (165).
7. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 6. -The ratio of the chamber length (l) to the orifice height (h) is 1 to 20, including 20.
8. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. - wherein the second distributor plate (90) is substantially inclined in the first direction (z) relative to the first upper side (110) of the first distributor plate (85) and covers the first upper side (110) at least in the region of the first arrangement structure (95).
9. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. -The bottom (20) of the dispenser has a first region (200) and at least one second region (205). -In the first region (200), the second through holes (170) of the second arrangement structure (120) each have the same first orientation. -In the second region (205), the second through hole (170) of the second arrangement structure (120) has a second orientation that is different from the first orientation.
10. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 9. - It has an inlet (35) leading into the reactor space (30) and an outlet (40) leading into the reactor space (30). -The loading inlet (35) and the unloading outlet (40) are arranged opposite each other, and the concentrate (55) can be transported into the reactor space (30) through the loading inlet (35). -The reaction product (75) from the reaction of the concentrate (55) and the reactant gas (60) can be conveyed out of the reactor space (30) through the outlet (40). - wherein the first region (200) is arranged between the loading inlet (35) and the unloading outlet (40), -In the first region (200), the second through hole (170) is arranged on the side of the covered section (125) facing the outlet (40).
11. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 9. -The second region (205) is arranged between the inlet (35) leading into the reactor space (30) and the first region (200). -The second through hole (170) in the second region (205) is arranged on the side away from the inlet (35) and on the side (215, 220) facing the bottom (20) of the distributor, such that the concentrate (55) can be distributed from the inlet (35) toward the side (215, 220) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).
12. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 9. -The bottom (20) of the dispenser has a third region (210). - wherein the third region (210) is arranged between the first region (200) and the outlet (40) leading into the reactor space (30), -In the third region (210), the second through hole (170) has a third orientation that is different from the first orientation. -The second through-hole (170) is arranged in the third region (210) on the side of the covered section (125) facing the outlet (40) and on the side (215, 220) away from the bottom (20) of the distributor, such that the concentrate (55) and / or the reaction product (75) from the reaction of the concentrate (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be conveyed from the side (215, 220) toward the outlet (40) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).
13. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 9. -The bottom (20) of the dispenser has at least one edge region (235, 240). -The edge regions (235, 240) are arranged between the first region (200) and the outlet (40) leading into the reactor space (30) and are laterally adjacent to the sides (215, 220) of the bottom (20) of the dispenser. -The second through-hole (170) is arranged in the edge regions (235, 240) on the side of the covered section (125) facing the outlet (40) and on the side (215, 220) facing the bottom (20) of the dispenser, respectively, so that the concentrate (55) and / or the reaction product (75) from the reaction of the concentrate (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be conveyed toward the outlet (40) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).
14. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. -The second through hole (170) is formed in a slotted shape. -The second through hole (170) has a substantially constant hole height (h) in the first direction (z).
15. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. - wherein the first distributor plate (85) and the abutment section (130) are sealed around the first through hole (100) on the circumferential side of the straight line (115).
16. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 15. -The abutment section (130) on the circumferential side surrounding the first through hole (100) is respectively material-locked to the first distributor plate (85).
17. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2. -The covered section (125) has a first part area (155) and a second part area (160). -The first portion region (155) is arranged in a manner that extends parallel to the first distributor plate (85) and covers the first through hole (100). - wherein the first portion region (155) at least segmentally covers the first through hole (100). -The second portion region (160) is arranged at an angle relative to the first portion region (155) and connects the first portion region (155) to the abutment section (130).
18. A method for manufacturing the fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, -The first distributor plate (85) is provided, which has a first arrangement structure (95) with a first through hole (100). -A second arrangement structure (120) having a plurality of covered sections (125) is imprinted into a plate-shaped sheet, and a second through hole (170) is cut into the sheet. -The second distributor plate (90) is arranged on the first distributor plate (85) such that the first through holes (100) are covered by the allocated covering sections (125), -The abutment section (130) is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate (85).