Tunnel-shaped special-shaped three-conductor measurement method

Abstract

A method for conducting tri-traverse surveying of irregular tunnel sections, relating to the field of tunnel surveying technology, includes the following steps: First, a central main survey line is established at the center of the tunnel floor, with multiple main survey points spaced along the central main survey line. Two auxiliary survey points are set on each of the tunnel sidewalls located at the same cross-section as the main survey points. Second, fixed prism rods are embedded at the auxiliary survey points, and a forced centering device is detachably installed at the main survey points. Third, a total station is installed at a main survey point on a cross-section, and main survey prisms are installed at the main survey points before and after this main survey point. Side survey prisms are installed at four auxiliary survey points on the front and rear cross-sections of this cross-section. Then, the angles and distances from the total station to the two main survey points and the four auxiliary survey points are observed sequentially using the total station. Fourth, the previous step is repeated sequentially along the tunnel cross-sections to complete all cross-section measurements. After adjustment calculations, the results of the three traverses are obtained. This surveying method can improve surveying accuracy and work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel measurement technology, and in particular to a method for measuring irregularly shaped three-wire tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, to ensure the tunnel's breakthrough error meets requirements, precise traverse control surveying is necessary. The conventional method involves embedding ordinary "+" markers on both sides of the tunnel floor and measuring using centering and leveling instruments. However, this method has the following drawbacks: First, centering errors occur because the instruments require optical centering devices. Second, because the markers are embedded on both sides of the tunnel floor, measurements are easily affected by lateral light refraction, leading to significant errors. Third, centering is required at all points during measurement, resulting in low efficiency and a large workforce. Fourth, numerous stations are needed for control surveying, leading to a heavy workload. Fifth, precise centering is also required for routine surveying at these points, making the process cumbersome and inaccurate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention discloses a method for measuring irregular three-wire tunnels, which can improve measurement accuracy and work efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for tunnel triaxial surveying with irregular cross-sections includes the following steps: First, a central main survey line is set along the tunnel direction at the center of the tunnel floor. Multiple main survey points are set at intervals along the central main survey line. Two auxiliary survey points are set on each of the two tunnel sidewalls located at the same cross-section as the main survey points. Second, fixed prism rods are embedded at the auxiliary survey points, and side-survey prisms can be detachably installed at the ends of the fixed prism rods. A forced centering device with vertical centering function is detachably erected at the main survey points, and a measuring instrument can be detachably installed at the top of the forced centering device. Third, in a cross-section... A total station is installed on the top of the forced centering device at the main measuring point. A main measuring prism is installed on the top of the forced centering device at the main measuring points before and after the main measuring point. Side measuring prisms are installed on the fixed prism rods of the four auxiliary measuring points before and after the cross section. Then, the angle and distance of the total station to the two main measuring points and the four auxiliary measuring points before and after the main measuring point are observed in sequence to complete one cross section measurement. The fourth step is to repeat the previous step along the cross section of the tunnel in sequence to complete all cross section measurements. After adjustment calculation, the results of the left, middle and right traverses in the tunnel are obtained.

[0005] Furthermore, outside the tunnel, there is an external starting point A and two parallel external known points B. A total station is set up at each external known point B to observe three survey lines to the external starting point A, the main measuring point of the first section, and the nearest auxiliary measuring point of the first section. The total station set up at the main measuring point of the first section observes three survey lines corresponding to the second section, as well as two survey lines to the two external known points B, for a total of five survey lines.

[0006] Furthermore, a total station was set up at the main measuring point of the final section to observe the three measuring lines corresponding to the previous section.

[0007] Furthermore, in daily use, side-measuring prisms are installed on the auxiliary measuring points of two pairs of adjacent sidewalls of the tunnel. The instrument can be freely set up between these two pairs of points to complete the orientation of the instrument and then carry out daily measurement work.

[0008] Furthermore, the side prism base is inserted into the end of the fixed prism rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the forced centering device includes an instrument mounting platform, a centering spindle, and a central embedded part embedded in the ground. The upper surface of the instrument mounting platform has a connecting positioning component for connecting external instruments at its center. A bubble level is located at the edge of the upper surface of the instrument mounting platform. The top of the centering spindle is vertically fixed to the center of the lower surface of the instrument mounting platform, and the bottom of the centering spindle has a limiting ball head. The upper surface of the central embedded part has a groove at its center that accommodates the lower part of the limiting ball head. Two limiting plates are detachably fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the central embedded part. The inner sides of the two limiting plates each have an arc surface that accommodates the upper sides of the limiting ball head, allowing the centering spindle to adjust its angle around the center of the limiting ball head. At least three peripheral embedded parts are evenly arranged around the central embedded part. Each peripheral embedded part corresponds to an adjustable length adjustment rod. The two ends of the adjustment rod are detachably universally connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded part and the top shaft of the centering spindle, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjusting support rod includes a screw sleeve and two adjusting screws with opposite thread directions. The upper and lower sections of the screw sleeve are respectively provided with external threads for matching screw connections to the inner ends of the two adjusting screws.

[0011] Furthermore, both ends of the adjusting support rod are connected to universal joints, and the two universal joints are detachably connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts and the top shaft of the centering spindle, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the centering spindle is configured as a telescopic shaft with adjustable height.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower surfaces of both the central embedded part and the peripheral embedded parts are provided with hooks.

[0014] By employing the technical solution described above, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a method for measuring irregular three-traverse tunnels. The measuring instrument itself does not require centering; by using a forced centering device at the main measuring point, centering errors can be eliminated, thereby improving measurement accuracy. The main measuring line is located at the center of the tunnel, minimizing the influence of lateral refraction. Similarly, the measuring lines from the main measuring point to the sidewall measuring points also minimize the influence of lateral refraction, further improving measurement accuracy. The auxiliary measuring points on both sides of the tunnel are embedded in the tunnel sidewalls, making them less susceptible to damage, and the central main measuring point is embedded on the tunnel centerline, also providing protection. This method eliminates the need for repeated and complex installation and disassembly of the total station and prism, enabling rapid installation. Compared to traditional measuring methods, this method reduces the number of measuring stations by approximately 50%, increases work efficiency by approximately 60%, and obtains three traverse results in a single complete measurement, increasing the number of results by 50% compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the traverse results obtained by this method are more convenient and faster for daily use, eliminating the need for centering, setting up a total station, and backsights; only free station setup is required. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure for tunnel measurement according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forced centering device; Figure 3 This is a top view of the mounting platform of the instrument. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting support rod; Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of the two limiting plates.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Connecting positioning component; 2. Instrument mounting platform; 3. Centering spindle; 4. Limiting ball head; 5. Limiting plate; 6. Center embedded part; 7. Adjusting support rod; 701. Screw sleeve; 702. Adjusting screw; 8. Peripheral embedded parts; 9. Bubble level. Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. In the description, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are only used to correspond to the accompanying drawings of the present invention for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation. Combined with appendix Figure 1 The aforementioned method for measuring irregularly shaped three-wire tunnels includes the following steps: S1. Set a central main measuring line along the tunnel direction in the center of the bottom surface of the tunnel, and set multiple main measuring points at intervals along the central main measuring line. Set two auxiliary measuring points on the side walls of the tunnel on both sides, which are located in the same cross section as the main measuring points. This can weaken the side refraction effect and improve the measurement accuracy. S2. Fixed prism rods are embedded at auxiliary measuring points. Side measuring prisms can be detachably installed at the ends of the fixed prism rods. The auxiliary measuring points are only used as the targets to be measured and no total station is set up. Specifically, the side measuring prism bases are inserted into the ends of the fixed prism rods for easy assembly and disassembly. A forced centering device with vertical centering function can be detachably installed at the main measuring points. The top of the forced centering device can be detachably installed with measuring instruments. When using the forced centering device, the instrument does not need to be centered, resulting in higher accuracy. Moreover, the device is easy to disassemble when not in use, does not occupy tunnel space, and is easy to protect. S3. Install a total station on top of the forced centering device at the main measuring point of a cross section. Install a main measuring prism on top of the forced centering devices at the main measuring points before and after the main measuring point. Install side measuring prisms on the fixed prism rods at the four auxiliary measuring points before and after the cross section. Then, use the total station to observe the angles and distances of the total station to the two main measuring points before and after the main measuring point and the four auxiliary measuring points before and after the main measuring point in sequence, thus completing the cross section measurement. The centering device on the central main measuring line is universal. That is, when the main measuring prism needs to be set up after the total station measurement is completed, simply remove the total station and replace it with the main measuring prism. No leveling is required again. Similarly, the same operation is performed when the total station needs to be set up after the main measuring prism is used up. The forced centering device can be installed in advance at the previous main measuring point, thus greatly improving the work efficiency. It should be noted that there is an external starting point A and two adjacent external known points B outside the tunnel. A total station is set up at each external known point B to observe three survey lines to the external starting point A, the main survey point of the first section, and the nearest auxiliary survey point of the first section. The total station set up at the main survey point of the first section observes three survey lines corresponding to the second section, as well as two survey lines to the two external known points B, for a total of five survey lines. In addition, a total station is set up at the main survey point of the last section to observe three survey lines corresponding to the previous section. S4. Repeat the previous step along the tunnel cross-sections in sequence to complete all cross-section measurements. After adjustment calculations, the results of the left, middle and right traverses inside the tunnel are obtained.

[0018] In addition, during daily use, side measuring prisms are installed on the auxiliary measuring points of the two pairs of adjacent sidewalls of the tunnel. The station is set up freely between these two pairs of points, and the instrument can be oriented to carry out daily measurement work. There is no need to set up a total station and a main measuring prism in the center.

[0019] Combined with appendix Figure 2-5The forced centering device includes an instrument mounting platform 2, a centering spindle 3, and a central embedded part 6 embedded in the ground. The central embedded part 6 is slightly lower than the ground level, so that its long-term presence does not affect surrounding activities. The lower surfaces of the central embedded part 6 and the peripheral embedded parts 8 are provided with hooks to ensure stable installation. A connecting positioning part 1 for connecting external instruments is provided in the center of the upper surface of the instrument mounting platform 2. The connecting positioning part 1 is generally a bolt perpendicular to the instrument mounting platform 2, allowing the base of the total station or prism to be screwed on and installed. The upper surface of the instrument mounting platform 2... A bubble level 9 is provided on the edge of the instrument. The bubble level 9 is circular and detects the vertical alignment of the centering spindle 3 by detecting the levelness of the instrument mounting plate 2. The top of the centering spindle 3 is fixed vertically to the center of the lower plate of the instrument mounting plate 2, and the bottom of the centering spindle 3 is provided with a limiting ball head 4. As needed, the centering spindle 3 is set as a telescopic shaft with adjustable height. The specific height adjustment method can be to use multiple rod sleeves to stack and then fix it by screwing in the side. The height adjustment gradient is generally 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, etc. The upper surface of the center embedded part 6 is provided with a groove in the center to fit the lower part of the limiting ball head 4. Two limiting plates 5 are detachably fixed on both sides of the upper surface of the center embedded part 6. The inner sides of the two limiting plates 5 are respectively provided with arc surfaces to fit and abut the upper sides of the limiting ball head 4, so that the centering spindle 3 can adjust the angle with the center of the limiting ball head 4 as the center. The limiting plates 5 and the center embedded part 6 can be connected by through screws, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the limiting plates 5 and the centering spindle 3. In view of the installation error of traditional columns, the centering spindle 3 is set to be adjustable with rotation around the limiting ball head 4, which can greatly reduce the risk of installation error. At least three peripheral embedded parts 8 are evenly arranged around the central embedded part 6. Each peripheral embedded part 8 corresponds to an adjustable length adjustment rod 7. Generally, three peripheral embedded parts 8 are used to meet the adjustment requirements of the centering spindle 3 to any tilt, while fewer adjustment rods 7 facilitate faster adjustment. The adjustment rod 7 can also be designed as a telescopic sleeve with a screw for side positioning. However, to improve adjustment efficiency, the adjustment rod 7 may include a screw sleeve 701 and two adjusting screws 702 with opposite thread directions. The upper and lower sections of the screw sleeve 701 have external threads that fit the inner ends of the two adjusting screws 702, respectively. In this way, the length of the adjustment rod 7 can be adjusted simply by rotating the screw sleeve 701. The adjustment rod 7 is very convenient; both ends of the adjustment rod 7 are detachably universally connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts 8 and the top shaft of the centering spindle 3, respectively, to prevent the adjustment rods 7 from being unable to adapt to the deflection when the centering spindle 3 is adjusted for centering; as needed, both ends of the adjustment rod 7 are connected to universal joints, and the two universal joints are detachably connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts 8 and the top shaft of the centering spindle 3, respectively, which can be connected by bolt assemblies; in addition, both ends of the adjustment rod 7 are connected to chains, and the two chains are detachably connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts 8 and the top shaft of the centering spindle 3, respectively. The two ends of the chains can fix the connecting plates, and the connecting plates are connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts 8 or the top shaft of the centering spindle 3 by bolts.

[0020] To implement the forced centering device described in this invention, first, a central embedded part 6 is buried at a suitable location. Then, three peripheral embedded parts 8 are evenly buried around the central embedded part 6. Next, the limiting ball head 4 of the centering spindle 3 is inserted into the groove of the central embedded part 6, and two limiting plates 5 are connected and covered. Then, the central spindle 3 is roughly straightened, and the three adjusting rods 7 are installed in place. Then, while observing the bubble level 9 on the instrument mounting platform 2, the length of the adjusting rods 7 is adjusted until the bubble level 9 detects a level, thus achieving centering. The instrument is then installed on the instrument mounting platform 2.

[0021] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the above embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims within this invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be regarded as limiting the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1. Set a central main survey line along the tunnel direction in the center of the bottom surface of the tunnel, set multiple main survey points at intervals along the central main survey line, and set two auxiliary survey points on the sidewalls of the tunnel on both sides of the tunnel at the same cross section as the main survey points. S2. A fixed prism rod is embedded at the auxiliary measuring point, and a side measuring prism can be detachably installed at the end of the fixed prism rod; a forced centering device with vertical centering function is detachably installed at the main measuring point, and a measuring instrument can be detachably installed at the top of the forced centering device. S3. Install a total station on the top of the forced centering device at the main measuring point of a cross section, install a main measuring prism on the top of the forced centering device at the main measuring points before and after the main measuring point, install side measuring prisms on the fixed prism rods of the four auxiliary measuring points in front and behind the cross section, and then use the total station to observe the angles and distances of the total station to the two main measuring points and the four auxiliary measuring points in front and behind the front and back, thus completing a cross section measurement. S4. Repeat the previous step along the tunnel cross-sections in sequence to complete all cross-section measurements. After adjustment calculations, the results of the left, middle and right traverses inside the tunnel are obtained.

2. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: Outside the tunnel, there is an external starting point A and two adjacent external known points B. A total station is set up at each external known point B to observe three survey lines to the external starting point A, the main measuring point of the first section, and the nearest auxiliary measuring point of the first section. The total station set up at the main measuring point of the first section observes three survey lines corresponding to the second section, as well as two survey lines to the two external known points B, for a total of five survey lines.

3. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A total station was set up at the main measuring point of the final section to observe the three measuring lines corresponding to the previous section.

4. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In daily use, install side-measuring prisms on the auxiliary measuring points of two pairs of adjacent sidewalls of the tunnel, set up a station freely between these two pairs of points, and complete the orientation of the instrument to carry out daily measurement work.

5. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side prism base is inserted into the end of the fixed prism rod.

6. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forced centering device includes an instrument mounting platform (2), a centering spindle (3), and a central embedded part (6) embedded in the ground. The upper surface of the instrument mounting platform (2) has a connecting positioning part (1) for connecting external instruments at its center. A bubble level (9) is provided at the edge of the upper surface of the instrument mounting platform (2). The top of the centering spindle (3) is vertically fixed to the center of the lower surface of the instrument mounting platform (2). The bottom of the centering spindle (3) has a limiting ball head (4). The upper surface of the central embedded part (6) has a groove at its center to accommodate the lower part of the limiting ball head (4). The upper surface of the central embedded part (6) is detachably fixed with two limiting plates (5) on both sides. The inner side of the two limiting plates (5) is respectively provided with arc surfaces that adapt to and abut against the upper sides of the limiting ball head (4), so that the centering spindle (3) can adjust the angle with the center of the limiting ball head (4) as the center. At least three peripheral embedded parts (8) are evenly arranged around the central embedded part (6). Each peripheral embedded part (8) corresponds to an adjustable length adjustment rod (7). The two ends of the adjustment rod (7) are respectively detachably universally connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded part (8) and the top shaft of the centering spindle (3).

7. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjusting support rod (7) includes a screw sleeve (701) and two adjusting screws (702) with opposite screw directions. The upper and lower inner walls of the screw sleeve (701) are respectively provided with external threads for matching screw connections to the inner ends of the two adjusting screws (702).

8. The method for measuring irregular three-traverse tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both ends of the adjusting support rod (7) are connected to universal joints, and the two universal joints are detachably connected to the corresponding peripheral embedded parts (8) and the top shaft of the centering main shaft (3).

9. The method for measuring irregularly shaped three-traverse tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The centering spindle (3) is configured as a telescopic shaft with adjustable height.

10. The method for measuring irregular three-traverse tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower surfaces of the central embedded part (6) and the peripheral embedded part (8) are both provided with hooks.

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