A TBM cutter loader rock breaking working condition mutation online monitoring simulation test bench

Abstract

This invention relates to an online monitoring simulation test bench for sudden changes in TBM (Turbine Roller) rock-breaking conditions. The bench includes a test bench base, a drive unit, a spindle, a movable stiffness support, a TBM roller rock-breaking simulation component, and a load device. The drive unit, movable stiffness support, TBM roller rock-breaking simulation component, and load device are sequentially mounted on the test bench base. This invention can simultaneously perform cutting tests on the TBM roller and monitor the tapered roller bearings inside the TBM roller in real time. The test bench of this invention can simulate various working conditions, providing experimental data that more closely approximates actual working conditions, resulting in a more realistic simulation of real-world conditions, and is easy to operate. This invention considers complex working conditions in practical applications, adjusting different parameters to adapt to different conditions, making the experimental data more convincing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of simulation test bench technology, and in particular to an online monitoring simulation test bench for sudden changes in TBM cutter rock breaking conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) play a crucial role in underground engineering, effectively driving the construction of modern urban infrastructure. As a vital component of the TBM, the cutterhead and its internal bearings are essential for the safety and efficiency of construction. However, prolonged operation and harsh working environments make the cutterhead and its internal bearings susceptible to wear, fatigue, and malfunctions, potentially leading to increased equipment wear, project delays, and even accidents.

[0003] While some existing TBM roller cutter rock-cutting test benches have addressed some of the functions of standard TBM wire cutting test benches, they generally employ complex structural designs, resulting in relatively high costs. Furthermore, they cannot conduct roller cutter rock-breaking tests under varying ambient temperature conditions during TBM roller cutter operation. There is a lack of test benches capable of both performing cutting tests on TBM roller cutters and real-time monitoring of their internal bearings. Therefore, developing a simulation test bench capable of simulating sudden changes in TBM roller cutter rock-breaking conditions and providing online monitoring is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides an online monitoring simulation test bench for sudden changes in TBM cutter rock breaking conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A simulation test bench for online monitoring of sudden changes in TBM cutter rock breaking conditions includes a test bench base plate, a drive device, a spindle, a movable stiffness support, a TBM cutter rock breaking simulation component, and a load device. The drive device, movable stiffness support, TBM cutter rock breaking simulation component, and load device are sequentially installed on the test bench base plate.

[0007] The movable stiffness support includes a stiffness ring support, two abrasion bolts, an XY bidirectional abrasion plate, two built-in double-axis linear rails, four L-shaped locking handles, and movable sliders. One built-in double-axis linear rail is provided along the length direction on both the front and rear sides of the bottom of the stiffness ring support. Each built-in double-axis linear rail contains two movable sliders, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the bottom of the stiffness ring support. The bottom of the stiffness ring support is connected to the four movable sliders by bolts. Each movable slider is equipped with an L-shaped locking handle, which controls the position of the movable slider in real time. An XY bidirectional abrasion plate is installed inside the stiffness ring support, and two abrasion bolts are installed on the XY bidirectional abrasion plate, distributed in the X and Y directions respectively.

[0008] The TBM roller cutter rock-breaking simulation component includes a multi-point axial loading fixing plate, four force-applying screws, four tension and compression sensors, four universal balls, four axial hydraulic cylinders, an axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, four first L-shaped support plates, five jacks, a TBM roller cutter, and a TBM simulated surrounding rock ring. The bottom of the multi-point axial loading fixing plate is fixed to the test bench base plate by two first L-shaped support plates. Four force-applying screws are installed on the multi-point axial loading fixing plate, and one tension and compression sensor is installed on each force-applying screw. A universal ball is installed at the other end of each tension and compression sensor. Each universal ball is in point contact with the left end face of the TBM roller cutter. Four axial hydraulic cylinders are installed on the right end face of the TBM roller cutter. The four axial hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, and the hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the right end face of the TBM roller cutter. The bottom of the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate is fixed to the test bench base plate by two first L-shaped support plates.

[0009] A stone is placed under the TBM cutter head, and the stone is placed in the TBM simulated rock ring. A jack is installed around the stone and between the stone and the TBM simulated rock ring.

[0010] One end of the spindle is connected to the drive device, and the other end of the spindle passes through a movable rigid support, a multi-point axial loading fixing plate, a TBM hob, and an axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate in sequence before being connected to the loading device. The TBM hob is connected to the spindle by two tapered roller bearings.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving device includes a three-phase asynchronous motor, a cycloidal pinwheel reducer, and a drive-end coupling. The output end of the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the input end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer. The cycloidal pinwheel reducer is fixed to the reducer base by bolts. The reducer base is fixed on the test bench plate. The output end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer is connected to the drive-end coupling, and the drive-end coupling is connected to the main shaft, thereby driving the main shaft to rotate synchronously.

[0012] Furthermore, the load device includes a load-end coupling, a dynamic torque sensor, a dynamic torque sensor mounting base, a loading-end coupling, a magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate, a magnetic powder clutch brake, and a second L-shaped support plate. The magnetic powder clutch brake is mounted on the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate, and the bottom of the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate is connected to two second L-shaped support plates. The two second L-shaped support plates are fixed to the test bench base plate by bolts. The magnetic powder clutch brake is sequentially connected to the loading-end coupling, the dynamic torque sensor, and the load-end coupling. The load-end coupling is connected to the main shaft. The dynamic torque sensor is mounted on the dynamic torque sensor mounting base, and the dynamic torque sensor mounting base is fixed to the test bench base plate by bolts.

[0013] Furthermore, the TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component also includes an insulated glass cover and a heating element. The heating element is installed on the test bench base plate and located below the four axial hydraulic cylinders. The insulated glass cover is placed above the test bench base plate and covers the multi-point axial loading fixing plate, the force-applying screw, the tension and compression sensors, the universal ball, the axial hydraulic cylinder, the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, the first L-shaped support plate, the five jacks, the TBM roller cutter, the TBM simulated surrounding rock ring, and the heating element.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat-insulating glass cover is a rectangular cover with an opening at the bottom, and openings matching the multi-point axial loading fixing plate and the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the rectangular cover. The heat-insulating glass cover is also provided with a tension / compression sensor connection wire through hole, a liquid nitrogen filling hole, a smart temperature gauge probe through hole, and a heating element connection wire through hole; the tension / compression sensor connection wire through hole is used for the connection wire of the tension / compression sensor to pass through, the liquid nitrogen filling hole is used for installing a connecting pipe, the connecting pipe is connected to a liquid nitrogen pump station, and liquid nitrogen is filled into the heat-insulating glass cover by the liquid nitrogen pump station, the smart temperature gauge probe through hole is used for inserting a smart temperature gauge probe, the smart temperature gauge probe is used to monitor the temperature inside the heat-insulating glass cover, and the heating element connection wire through hole is used for the connection wire of the heating element to pass through.

[0015] Furthermore, the four tension and compression sensors are all threadedly connected to the force-applying screws and the universal ball joint. By adjusting the extension length of the four force-applying screws, the universal ball joint can be adjusted to apply different axial forces to the TBM cutter. The tension and compression sensors are used to monitor the axial force on the TBM cutter in real time.

[0016] Furthermore, the stiffness ring support is a rectangular frame with openings at the top and bottom. Circular holes are provided on the left and right end faces of the stiffness ring support, and the main shaft passes through the circular holes on the left and right end faces in sequence. Multiple second connecting threaded holes are provided on the front and rear end faces of the stiffness ring support, and the multiple second connecting threaded holes are arranged in a longitudinal arrangement of two in each column, and the positions of the two second connecting threaded holes in each column correspond to the positions of the two first connecting threaded holes.

[0017] The XY bidirectional grinding plate is bolted to the corresponding second connecting threaded holes on the front or rear face of the stiffness ring support via two first connecting threaded holes. The XY bidirectional grinding plate is shaped like a "7" and includes an integrally formed first vertical section, a horizontal section, and a second vertical section. The first vertical section has an X-direction threaded hole, the horizontal section has a Y-direction threaded hole, and the second vertical section has two first connecting threaded holes. One grinding bolt is installed in each of the X-direction and Y-direction threaded holes. The spindle is placed inside the two grinding bolts. By adjusting the installation position of the XY bidirectional grinding plate on the stiffness ring support and by adjusting the extension length of the two grinding bolts in the X-direction and Y-direction threaded holes, the grinding force applied to the spindle can be adjusted.

[0018] Furthermore, the bottom of the test bench is provided with a fixed support, which includes a rectangular frame, four columns, four supporting beams and four anchor bolts. The rectangular frame is fixed to the lower surface of the test bench. One column is fixed at each of the four corners of the rectangular frame. An anchor bolt is installed at the bottom of each column. Four supporting beams are spaced apart between the two long sides of the rectangular frame.

[0019] Furthermore, the TBM hob has a central hole at its center, through which the spindle passes. Four connecting holes are provided on the right end face, with an included angle of 90° between adjacent connecting holes. The hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders correspond to the positions of the four connecting holes respectively.

[0020] Furthermore, the multi-point axial loading fixing plate is provided with 4 axial loading directional holes, and a force-adding screw is installed in each axial loading directional hole by means of threaded connection, and the included angle between adjacent axial loading directional holes is 90°.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention can simultaneously simulate TBM hobbing cutter cutting tests and simulate the real-time monitoring of the tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hobbing cutter. Before the test, the invention adjusts the position of the movable stiffness ring to adjust the appropriate rotor system stiffness, and adjusts the position between the two rubbing bolts and the main shaft to change the magnitude and direction of the rubbing force, thus overcoming the difficulty in measuring various adjustable parameters in actual working conditions. During the test, the extension length of the four axial hydraulic cylinders is adjusted to separate them from the right end face of the TBM hobbing cutter. Simultaneously, the main shaft is driven to rotate by the drive device, thereby driving the TBM hobbing cutter to rotate synchronously, realizing the simulation of TBM hobbing cutter cutting rock working conditions. The speed of the three-phase asynchronous motor is adjusted by the frequency converter to simulate the working conditions of the TBM hobbing cutter at different speeds. In addition, by adjusting the extension length of the four axial hydraulic cylinders, the invention positions them in the four connecting holes on the right end face of the TBM hobbing cutter, contacting the right end face of the TBM hobbing cutter. At this time, the TBM hobbing cutter is in a stationary state, allowing for real-time monitoring of the tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hobbing cutter.

[0023] The test bench of this invention can simulate various working conditions, and the experimental data is closer to the actual working conditions, providing a more realistic simulation of actual working conditions, and is easy to operate. When conducting cutting tests on the TBM hob or monitoring the tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hob, by adjusting the extension length of the force-applying screws, different axial forces are applied to the tension / compression sensors and universal joints by adjusting the four force-applying screws, thereby adjusting the axial force applied to the TBM hob. This simulates the working condition of uneven axial force distribution on the TBM hob. Furthermore, the stone can be clamped by four jacks around its perimeter, and one jack at the bottom applies an upward thrust to the stone, thus simulating the working state of a surge in radial force on the TBM hob. The force-applying screws and jacks are independent of each other, and the pressure applied by both can be simultaneous or separate. By adjusting the loading torque of the magnetic powder clutch brake, the loading torque is transmitted to the dynamic torque sensor through the loading end coupling. The main shaft is connected to the load end coupling, which is also connected to the dynamic torque sensor, to monitor torque changes in real time. By setting up an insulated glass enclosure with heating elements inside, and connecting the enclosure to a liquid nitrogen pumping station via a connecting pipe, the temperature inside the enclosure can be controlled in real time by adjusting the heating temperature of the heating elements and the amount of liquid nitrogen pumped into the enclosure. This ensures reliable research for experiments where temperature changes are the variable. This invention considers complex working conditions in practical applications, adjusting different parameters to adapt to various conditions and making the experimental data more convincing. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate the invention and are used to explain it, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation test bench for online monitoring of sudden changes in TBM cutter rock breaking conditions according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the test bench base plate and the fixed bracket of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the installation of the stone blocks, jacks, and TBM-simulated surrounding rock ring of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the structure of the heat-insulating glass cover of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the TBM hob of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the movable rigid support, the built-in dual-axis linear track, and the L-shaped locking handle of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the XY bidirectional grinding plate of the present invention;

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 100. Main shaft; 200. Stone block; 210. Rectangular frame; 220. Column; 230. Support beam; 240. Anchor bolt;

[0035] 101. Test bench base plate; 201. Three-phase asynchronous motor; 202. Cycloidal pinwheel reducer; 203. Drive end coupling; 204. Reducer base; 301. Stiffness ring support; 3011. Second connecting threaded hole; 3012. Round hole; 302. Abrasion bolt; 303. XY bidirectional abrasion plate; 3031. X-direction threaded hole; 3032. Y-direction threaded hole; 3033. First connecting threaded hole; 304. Built-in double-axis linear rail; 305. L-shaped locking handle; 306. Moving slider; 401. Multi-point axial loading fixing plate; 4011. Axial loading orientation hole; 402. Force-applying screw; 403. Tension / compression sensor; 404. Universal ball; 405. Axial hydraulic cylinder ; 406, Axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate; 407, First L-shaped support plate; 408, Jack; 409, TBM hobbing cutter; 4091, Connecting hole; 4092, Center hole; 410, TBM simulated surrounding rock ring; 501, Insulated glass cover; 5011, Tension / compression sensor connection wire through hole; 5012, Liquid nitrogen filling hole; 5013, Intelligent temperature gauge probe through hole; 5014, Heating element connection wire through hole; 502, Heating element; 601, Load end coupling; 602, Dynamic torque sensor; 603, Dynamic torque sensor mounting base; 604, Load end coupling; 605, Magnetic powder clutch brake fixing plate; 606, Magnetic powder clutch brake; 607, Second L-shaped support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates the detailed content and specific implementation of the present invention.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-8 A simulation test bench for online monitoring of sudden changes in TBM cutter rock breaking conditions includes a test bench base plate 101, a drive device, a spindle 100, a movable stiffness support, a TBM cutter rock breaking simulation component, and a load device. The drive device, movable stiffness support, TBM cutter rock breaking simulation component, and load device are sequentially installed on the test bench base plate 101.

[0038] The movable stiffness support includes a stiffness ring support 301, two abrasion bolts 302, an XY bidirectional abrasion plate 303, two built-in double-axis linear tracks 304, four L-shaped locking handles 305, and movable sliders 306. One built-in double-axis linear track 304 is provided along the length of the bottom front and rear sides of the stiffness ring support 301. Each built-in double-axis linear track 304 has two movable sliders 306, and the two movable sliders 306 on each built-in double-axis linear track 304 are symmetrically distributed on the stiffness ring support 301. The bottom sides of the rigidity ring support 301 are connected to the bottom of the four movable sliders 306 by bolts. The movable sliders 306 are made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. Each movable slider 306 is equipped with an L-shaped locking handle 305. The position of the movable slider 306 is controlled in real time by the L-shaped locking handle 305. An XY bidirectional friction plate 303 is installed inside the rigidity ring support 301. Two friction bolts 302 are installed on the XY bidirectional friction plate 303, which are distributed in the X and Y directions of the XY bidirectional friction plate 303 respectively.

[0039] The TBM roller cutter rock-breaking simulation component includes a multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401, four force-applying screws 402, four tension and compression sensors 403, four universal balls 404, four axial hydraulic cylinders 405, an axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406, four first L-shaped support plates 407, five jacks 408, a TBM roller cutter 409, and a TBM simulated surrounding rock ring 410. The bottom of the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401 is fixed to the test bench base plate 101 by two first L-shaped support plates 407. Four force-applying screws 402 are installed on the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401, each... A tension / compression sensor 403 is installed on the force-applying screw 402. A universal ball 404 is installed on the other end of each tension / compression sensor 403. Each universal ball 404 is in point contact with the left end face of the TBM hob 409. Four axial hydraulic cylinders 405 are installed on the right end face of the TBM hob 409. The four axial hydraulic cylinders 405 are fixed on the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406. The hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders 405 are respectively connected to the right end face of the TBM hob 409. The bottom of the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406 is fixed on the test bench base plate 101 by two first L-shaped support plates 407.

[0040] A stone block 200 is placed below the TBM cutter head 409. The stone block 200 is placed in the TBM simulated rock ring 410. A jack 408 is installed around the stone block 200 and between the bottom of the stone block 200 and the TBM simulated rock ring 410. The jack 408 is a hydraulic jack.

[0041] One end of the main shaft 100 is connected to the drive device, and the other end of the main shaft 100 passes through the movable rigid support, the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401, the TBM hob 409, and the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406 in sequence before being connected to the loading device. The TBM hob 409 and the main shaft 100 are connected by two tapered roller bearings.

[0042] The driving device includes a three-phase asynchronous motor 201, a cycloidal pinwheel reducer 202, and a drive-end coupling 203. The output end of the three-phase asynchronous motor 201 is connected to the input end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer 202. The cycloidal pinwheel reducer 202 is fixed to the reducer base 204 by bolts. The reducer base 204 is fixed on the test bench base plate 101. The output end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer 202 is connected to the drive-end coupling 203. The drive-end coupling 203 is connected to the main shaft 100, thereby driving the main shaft 100 to rotate synchronously.

[0043] The load device includes a load-end coupling 601, a dynamic torque sensor 602, a dynamic torque sensor mounting base 603, a loading-end coupling 604, a magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate 605, a magnetic powder clutch brake 606, and a second L-shaped support plate 607. The magnetic powder clutch brake 606 is mounted on the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate 605. The bottom of the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate 605 is connected to two second L-shaped support plates 607. The two second L-shaped support plates 607 are fixed to the test bench base plate 101 by bolts. The magnetic powder clutch brake 606 is connected in sequence to the loading-end coupling 604, the dynamic torque sensor 602, and the load-end coupling 601. The load-end coupling 601 is connected to the main shaft 100. The dynamic torque sensor 602 is mounted on the dynamic torque sensor mounting base 603, which is fixed to the test bench base plate 101 by bolts. The output shaft of the magnetic powder clutch brake 606 is connected to the loading end coupling 604 via a C-type flat key.

[0044] The TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component also includes an insulated glass cover 501 and a heating element 502. The heating element 502 is installed on the test bench base plate 101 and located below the four axial hydraulic cylinders 405. The insulated glass cover 501 is placed above the test bench base plate 101 and covers the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401, the force-applying screw 402, the tension and compression sensor 403, the universal ball 404, the axial hydraulic cylinder 405, the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406, the first L-shaped support plate 407, the five jacks 408, the TBM roller cutter 409, the TBM simulated surrounding rock ring 410, and the heating element 502.

[0045] The heat-insulating glass cover 501 is a rectangular cover with an opening at the bottom. Openings matching the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401 and the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 406 are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the rectangular cover. The heat-insulating glass cover 501 also has a tension / compression sensor connection wire through hole 5011, a liquid nitrogen filling hole 5012, a smart thermometer probe through hole 5013, and a heating element connection wire through hole 5014. The tension / compression sensor connection wire through hole 5011 is for the connection wire of the tension / compression sensor 403 to pass through. The liquid nitrogen filling hole 5012 is for installing a connecting pipe (not shown in the figure), which is connected to a liquid nitrogen pump station. Liquid nitrogen is pumped into the heat-insulating glass cover 501 by the liquid nitrogen pump station (not shown in the figure). The smart thermometer probe through hole 5013 is for inserting a smart thermometer probe (not shown in the figure), which is used to monitor the temperature inside the heat-insulating glass cover 501. The heating element connection wire through hole 5014 is for the connection wire of the heating element 502 to pass through.

[0046] The heat-insulating glass cover 501 is made of glass.

[0047] The four tension and compression sensors 403 are all threadedly connected to the force-applying screws 402 and the universal ball 404. By adjusting the extension length of the four force-applying screws 402, the universal ball 404 can apply different axial forces to the TBM hob 409. The tension and compression sensors 403 are used to monitor the axial force on the TBM hob 409 in real time.

[0048] The stiffness ring support 301 is a rectangular frame with openings at the top and bottom. Circular holes 3012 are provided on the left and right end faces of the stiffness ring support 301. The main shaft 100 passes through the circular holes 3012 on the left and right end faces in sequence. Multiple second connecting threaded holes 3011 are provided on the front and rear end faces of the stiffness ring support 301. The multiple second connecting threaded holes 3011 are arranged in a longitudinal arrangement of two in each column, and the positions of the two second connecting threaded holes 3011 in each column correspond to the positions of the two first connecting threaded holes 3033.

[0049] The XY bidirectional grinding plate 303 is bolted to the corresponding second connecting threaded holes 3011 on the front or rear face of the stiffness ring support 301 via two first connecting threaded holes 3033. The XY bidirectional grinding plate 303 is shaped like a "7" and includes an integrally formed first vertical section, a horizontal section, and a second vertical section. The first vertical section has an X-direction threaded hole 3031, the horizontal section has a Y-direction threaded hole 3032, and the second vertical section has two first connecting threaded holes 3033. A grinding bolt 302 is installed in each of the X-direction threaded holes 3031 and the Y-direction threaded holes 3032. The spindle 100 is placed inside the two grinding bolts 302. By adjusting the installation position of the XY bidirectional grinding plate 303 on the stiffness ring support 301 and by adjusting the extension length of the two grinding bolts 302 in the X-direction threaded holes 3031 and the Y-direction threaded holes 3032, the grinding force applied to the spindle 100 can be adjusted.

[0050] The bottom of the test bench base plate 101 is provided with a fixed support. The fixed support includes a rectangular frame 210, four columns 220, four supporting beams 230 and four anchor bolts 240. The rectangular frame 210 is fixed on the lower surface of the test bench base plate 101. One column 220 is fixed at each of the four corners of the rectangular frame 210. One anchor bolt 240 is installed at the bottom of each column 220. Four supporting beams 230 are spaced apart between the two long sides of the rectangular frame 210.

[0051] The TBM hob 409 has a central hole 4092, through which the spindle 100 passes. Four connecting holes 4091 are provided on the right end face. The included angle between adjacent connecting holes 4091 is 90°. The hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders 405 correspond to the positions of the four connecting holes 4091 respectively.

[0052] The multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401 is provided with four axial loading orientation holes 4011. Each axial loading orientation hole 4011 is equipped with a force-applying screw 402 by means of threaded connection. The included angle between adjacent axial loading orientation holes 4011 is 90°.

[0053] Before starting the test, the position of the movable slider 306 in the built-in dual-axis linear track 304 is adjusted and fixed by the L-shaped locking handle 305, thereby adjusting the position of the stiffness ring support 301 on the spindle 100 to simulate an adjustable stiffness working condition. For an adjustable abrasion force working condition, the abrasion force applied to the spindle 100 by the two abrasion bolts 302 is adjusted by adjusting the extension length of the two abrasion bolts 302, thus simulating an adjustable abrasion force working condition.

[0054] During the test, the TBM hob 409 had two working states:

[0055] (1) First working state: By adjusting the extension length of the four axial hydraulic cylinders 405, they are separated from the connecting hole 4091 on the right end face of the TBM hob 409. At this time, the three-phase asynchronous motor 201 is turned on. The three-phase asynchronous motor 201 transmits power to the main shaft 100 through the cycloidal pinwheel reducer 202 and the drive end coupling 203, thereby driving the rotation of the TBM hob 409 and realizing the simulation of the TBM hob 409 cutting rock working condition research.

[0056] (2) Second working state: By adjusting the extension length of the four axial hydraulic cylinders 405, they are placed in the four connecting holes 4091 on the right end face of the TBM hob 409 and in contact with the right end face of the TBM hob 409. At this time, the TBM hob 409 is in a stationary state and can be used as a bearing test platform to monitor the working state of the tapered roller bearing inside the TBM hob 409 in real time.

[0057] In the first working state, the speed of the three-phase asynchronous motor 201 is adjusted by the frequency converter to simulate the working conditions of the TBM hob cutter 409 at different speeds. By changing the stone block 200 under the TBM hob cutter 409, the stone block 200 can be replaced with stones of different materials, thereby simulating the working conditions of the TBM hob cutter 409 cutting stones of different materials. The stone block 200 can be clamped by four jacks 408 around its outer perimeter, and the bottom jack 408 applies an upward pushing force to the stone block 200, thereby simulating the working state of the TBM hob cutter 409 with a surge in radial force.

[0058] In both the first and second working states, by adjusting the heating temperature of the heating element 502 inside the insulated glass housing 501 and controlling the amount of liquid nitrogen injected into the insulated glass housing 501, the liquid nitrogen can lower the temperature, thus simulating the temperature parameter changes during the operation of the TBM hob 409 or the two tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hob 409. By adjusting the loading torque of the magnetic powder clutch brake 606, the loading torque is transmitted to the dynamic torque sensor 602 through the loading end coupling 604. The main shaft 100 is connected to the load end coupling 601, which is also connected to the dynamic torque sensor 602, so as to monitor in real time the torque changes during the operation of the TBM hob 409 or the two tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hob 409. By installing different numbers of force-applying screws 402, tension / compression sensors 403, and universal balls 404 on the multi-point axial loading fixing plate 401, and by rotating the force-applying screws 402 to adjust their extension length, the force-applying screws 402 can apply different axial forces to the tension / compression sensors 403 and universal balls 404, thereby simulating the working condition of uneven axial force distribution in the TBM hob 409 or the two tapered roller bearings inside the TBM hob 409.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made to the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A TBM cutter loader rock breaking working condition mutation online monitoring simulation test bench, characterized in that, It includes a test bench base plate, a drive unit, a spindle, a movable stiffness support, a TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component, and a load device. The drive unit, movable stiffness support, TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component, and load device are installed sequentially on the test bench base plate. The movable stiffness support includes a stiffness ring support, two abrasion bolts, an XY bidirectional abrasion plate, two built-in double-axis linear rails, four L-shaped locking handles, and movable sliders. One built-in double-axis linear rail is provided along the length direction on both the front and rear sides of the bottom of the stiffness ring support. Each built-in double-axis linear rail contains two movable sliders, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the bottom of the stiffness ring support. The bottom of the stiffness ring support is connected to the four movable sliders by bolts. Each movable slider is equipped with an L-shaped locking handle, which controls the position of the movable slider in real time. An XY bidirectional abrasion plate is installed inside the stiffness ring support, and two abrasion bolts are installed on the XY bidirectional abrasion plate, distributed in the X and Y directions respectively. The TBM roller cutter rock-breaking simulation component includes a multi-point axial loading fixing plate, four force-applying screws, four tension and compression sensors, four universal balls, four axial hydraulic cylinders, an axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, four first L-shaped support plates, five jacks, a TBM roller cutter, and a TBM simulated surrounding rock ring. The bottom of the multi-point axial loading fixing plate is fixed to the test bench base plate by two first L-shaped support plates. Four force-applying screws are installed on the multi-point axial loading fixing plate, and one tension and compression sensor is installed on each force-applying screw. A universal ball is installed at the other end of each tension and compression sensor. Each universal ball is in point contact with the left end face of the TBM roller cutter. Four axial hydraulic cylinders are installed on the right end face of the TBM roller cutter. The four axial hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, and the hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the right end face of the TBM roller cutter. The bottom of the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate is fixed to the test bench base plate by two first L-shaped support plates. A stone is placed under the TBM cutter head, and the stone is placed in the TBM simulated rock ring. A jack is installed around the stone and between the stone and the TBM simulated rock ring. One end of the spindle is connected to the drive device, and the other end of the spindle passes through a movable rigid support, a multi-point axial loading fixing plate, a TBM hob, and an axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate in sequence before being connected to the loading device. The TBM hob is connected to the spindle by two tapered roller bearings.

2. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive device includes a three-phase asynchronous motor, a cycloidal pinwheel reducer, and a drive-end coupling. The output end of the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the input end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer. The cycloidal pinwheel reducer is fixed to the reducer base by bolts. The reducer base is fixed on the test bench plate. The output end of the cycloidal pinwheel reducer is connected to the drive-end coupling, and the drive-end coupling is connected to the main shaft, thereby driving the main shaft to rotate synchronously.

3. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load device includes a load-end coupling, a dynamic torque sensor, a dynamic torque sensor mounting base, a loading-end coupling, a magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate, a magnetic powder clutch brake, and a second L-shaped support plate. The magnetic powder clutch brake is mounted on the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate, and the bottom of the magnetic powder clutch brake mounting plate is connected to two second L-shaped support plates. The two second L-shaped support plates are fixed to the test bench base plate by bolts. The magnetic powder clutch brake is connected in sequence to the loading-end coupling, the dynamic torque sensor, and the load-end coupling. The load-end coupling is connected to the main shaft. The dynamic torque sensor is mounted on the dynamic torque sensor mounting base, and the dynamic torque sensor mounting base is fixed to the test bench base plate by bolts.

4. The TBM roller cutter rock breaking working condition abrupt change online monitoring simulation test bench as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The TBM roller cutter rock breaking simulation component also includes an insulated glass cover and a heating element. The heating element is installed on the test bench base plate and located below the four axial hydraulic cylinders. The insulated glass cover is placed above the test bench base plate and covers the multi-point axial loading fixing plate, the force-applying screw, the tension and compression sensors, the universal ball, the axial hydraulic cylinder, the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate, the first L-shaped support plate, the five jacks, the TBM roller cutter, the TBM simulated surrounding rock ring, and the heating element.

5. The online monitoring simulation test bench for sudden change of rock breaking working condition of TBM disc cutter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insulated glass cover is a rectangular cover with an opening at the bottom. Openings matching the multi-point axial loading fixing plate and the axial hydraulic cylinder fixing plate are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the rectangular cover. The insulated glass cover also has a through hole for the tension / compression sensor connection wire, a liquid nitrogen filling hole, a through hole for the smart thermometer probe, and a through hole for the heating element connection wire. The through hole for the tension / compression sensor connection wire is for the connection wire of the tension / compression sensor to pass through. The liquid nitrogen filling hole is for installing a connecting pipe, which is connected to a liquid nitrogen pump station to fill the insulated glass cover with liquid nitrogen. The through hole for the smart thermometer probe is for inserting a smart thermometer probe to monitor the temperature inside the insulated glass cover. The through hole for the heating element connection wire is for the connection wire of the heating element to pass through.

6. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four tension and compression sensors are all threadedly connected to the force-applying screws and the universal ball joint. By adjusting the extension length of the four force-applying screws, the universal ball joint can be adjusted to apply different axial forces to the TBM cutter. The tension and compression sensors are used to monitor the axial force on the TBM cutter in real time.

7. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stiffness ring support is a rectangular frame with openings at the top and bottom. Circular holes are provided on the left and right end faces of the stiffness ring support. The main shaft passes through the circular holes on the left and right end faces in sequence. Multiple second connecting threaded holes are provided on the front and rear end faces of the stiffness ring support. The multiple second connecting threaded holes are arranged in a longitudinal arrangement of two in each column, and the positions of the two second connecting threaded holes in each column correspond to the positions of the two first connecting threaded holes. The XY bidirectional grinding plate is bolted to the corresponding second connecting threaded holes on the front or rear face of the stiffness ring support via two first connecting threaded holes. The XY bidirectional grinding plate is shaped like a "7" and includes an integrally formed first vertical section, a horizontal section, and a second vertical section. The first vertical section has an X-direction threaded hole, the horizontal section has a Y-direction threaded hole, and the second vertical section has two first connecting threaded holes. One grinding bolt is installed in each of the X-direction and Y-direction threaded holes. The spindle is placed inside the two grinding bolts. By adjusting the installation position of the XY bidirectional grinding plate on the stiffness ring support and by adjusting the extension length of the two grinding bolts in the X-direction and Y-direction threaded holes, the grinding force applied to the spindle can be adjusted.

8. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the test bench base is provided with a fixed support. The fixed support includes a rectangular frame, four columns, four supporting beams and four anchor bolts. The rectangular frame is fixed on the lower surface of the test bench base. One column is fixed at each of the four corners of the rectangular frame. An anchor bolt is installed at the bottom of each column. Four supporting beams are spaced apart between the two long sides of the rectangular frame.

9. The online monitoring and simulation test bench for sudden changes in TBM roller cutter rock breaking conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The TBM hob has a central hole through which the spindle passes. There are four connecting holes on the right end face, with an included angle of 90° between adjacent connecting holes. The hydraulic rods of the four axial hydraulic cylinders correspond to the positions of the four connecting holes.

10. The online monitoring simulation test bench for rock breaking working condition mutation of a TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-point axial loading fixing plate is provided with 4 axial loading directional holes. Each axial loading directional hole is equipped with a force-adding screw through a threaded connection. The included angle between adjacent axial loading directional holes is 90°.

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